MULTIPLE INTEGRATION
Outline:
Double Integrals; Iterated Integration
Reversion of the Order of Integration
Applications of Double Integration
Triple Integrals
Overview:
Integration of a function which includes two or more variables is called multiple
integration. In this chapter, the process of double integration will be discussed
together with its applications. Also, topics extended to triple integration are also
covered.
Objectives:
Upon completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:
1. Evaluate double integrals by iterated integration.
2. Evaluate double integrals by reversing the order of integration
3. Solve applications using double integration.
4. Evaluate triple integrals.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Double Integrals; Iterated Integration
Consider the integral,
௫మ
௫ ݂(ݕ݀ݔ݀)ݕ(݂ )ݔ
భ
The limits ݔଵ and ݔଶ should be independent of ݔand the limits ܽ and ܾ
should be constants.
In evaluating double integrals by iterated integration, we should first integrate
the inner integrand, that is, the ݔvariables treating all the other variables as
constants and then evaluate the outer integrand, that is, the ݕvariables.
Example(a).
ଵ ௬
Evaluate ௬మ ݔଶ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ.
Solution:
ଵ ௬
௬ మ ݔଶ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
Evaluate the inner integrand and take the other variable ݕ as
constant. Integrate and take the limits from ݕଶ to ݕ. Thus,
௬ ଵ ௬
௬మ ݔଶ = ݔ݀ ݕቚଷ ݔଷ ݕቚ
௬మ
ଵ
= )ݕ([ݕଷ െ ( ݕଶ) ଷ ]
ଷ
ଵ ଵ
= ݕସ െ ݕ
ଷ ଷ
Then, integrate the answer with respect to ݀ݕ and take the limits
from 0 to 1, therefore,
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ቀଷ ݕସ െ ଷ ݕቁ ݀ = ݕቚଵହ ݕହ െ ଶସ ଼ ݕቚ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቂ (1) ହ െ (1) ଼ ቃ െ ቂ (0) ହ െ (0) ଼ ቃ
ଵହ ଶସ ଵହ ଶସ
ଵ
=
ସ
Thus,
ଵ ௬ ଵ
௬ మ ݔଶ = ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ ସ
Example(b).
ଵ ଶ
Evaluate ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ݔ݀ݕ.
Solution:
ଵ ଶ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ݔ݀ݕ
Taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ݀| = ݕ6 ݔଶ ݕଶ | ଶିଵ
= [6 ݔଶ (2) ଶ ] െ [6 ݔଶ (െ1) ଶ ]
= 18 ݔଶ
Then,
ଵ
18 ݔଶ ݀| = ݔ6 ݔଷ| ଵ
= [6(1) ଷ] െ [6(0) ଷ ]
= 6
Thus,
ଵ ଶ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ = ݔ݀ݕ6
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Example(c).
ଵ ௬
Evaluate ௬య ݔଷ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ.
Solution:
ଵ ௬
௬ య ݔଷ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
Taking the inner integrand,
௬ ଵ ௬
௬య ݔଷ = ݔ݀ ݕቚସ ݔସ ݕቚ
௬య
ଵ
= {[( )ݕସ ]ݕെ [( ݕଷ ) ସ }]ݕ
ସ
ଵ ହ ଵ
= ସ
ݕെ ସ ଼ݕ
Then,
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ቀସ ݕହ െ ସ ଼ ݕቁ ݀ = ݕቚ ݕെ ଷ ݕଽ ቚ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቂ (1) െ ଷ (1) ଽ ቃ െ ቂ (0) െ ଷ (0) ଽ ቃ
ହ
= ଷ
Thus,
ଵ ௬ ହ
௬ య ݔଷ = ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ ଷ
Example(d).
ഏ ഏ
Evaluate మ ௫ర sin ݔcosݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ.
Solution:
ഏ ഏ
ర ௫ర sin ݔcosݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ
Taking the inner integrand,
ഏ ഏ
௫ర sin ݔcos| = ݕ݀ ݕsin ݔsin |ݕ௫ర
గ
= ቂsin ݔsin ቀ ସ ቁቃ െ [sin ݔsin ]ݔ
ξଶ
= sin ݔെ sinଶ ݔ
ଶ
Then,
ഏ ഏ ഏ
ξଶ ξଶ ర ଵ
ర ቀ ଶ
sin ݔ െ sinଶ ݔቁ ݀= ݔ sin ݔ݀ ݔ
ଶ
െ ଶ ర(1 െ cos 2ݔ݀ )ݔ
ഏ
ξଶ ଵ ଵ మ
= ቚെ ଶ
cos ݔെ ଶ ݔ+ ସ sin 2ݔቚ
ξଶ గ ଵ గ ଵ గ
= ቂെ cosቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ + sin 2 ቀ ቁቃ െ
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ξଶ ଵ ଵ
ቂെ cos(0) െ (0) + sin 2(0)ቃ
ଶ ଶ ସ
= 0.064
Thus,
ഏ ഏ
ర ௫ర sin ݔcos = ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ0.064
Reversion of the Order of Integration
Reversing the order of integration is the changing of the integrals from one
above the other. For constant limits, we can just directly reverse the order.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Example(a).
ଷ ଶ
Evaluate ଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ) ݀ ݕ݀ݔby reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଷ ଶ
ଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ ) ݀ݕ݀ݔ
By reversing the order, we have,
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ
ଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ ) ݀ = ݕ݀ݔଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ) ݀ݔ݀ݕ
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଷ ଷ ଷ
(3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ)݀ = ݕቚଶ ݕݔଶ + 5 ݔଶ ݕቚ
ଷ ଷ
= ቂ (ݔ3) ଶ + 5 ݔଶ (3)ቃ െ ቂ (ݔ0) ଶ + 5 ݔଶ(0)ቃ
ଶ ଶ
ଶ
= ݔ+ 15 ݔଶ
ଶ
Then,
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ቀ ଶ ݔ+ 15 ݔଶቁ ݀ = ݔቚ ସ ݔଶ + 5 ݔଷቚ
ଵ
ଶ ଶ
= ቂ ସ (2) ଶ + 5(2) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ ସ (1) ଶ + 5(1) ଷ ቃ
ଶଶଵ
= ସ
Therefore,
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଶଶଵ
ଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ ) ݀ = ݕ݀ݔଵ (3 ݕݔ+ 5 ݔଶ) ݀= ݔ݀ݕ ସ
Example(b).
ଵ ଶ
Evaluate ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ ݔ݀ݕby reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଵ ଶ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ݔ݀ݕ
By reversing the order, we have,
ଵ ଶ ଶ ଵ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ି = ݔ݀ݕଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ݕ݀ݔ
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଶ ଵ ଶ ଵ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ = ݕ݀ݔቚଷ ݔଷ ݕଷ ቚ
ଶ ଶ
= ቂ (1) ଷ ݕଷቃ െ ቂ (0) ଷ ݕଷቃ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଷ
= ଷ
ݕ
Then,
ଶ ଶ ଵ ଶ
ିଵ ଷ ݕଷ ݀ = ݕቚ ݕସ ቚ
ିଵ
ଶ ଶ
= ቂଷ (2) ଷቃ െ ቂଷ (െ1) ଷቃ
= 6
Therefore,
ଵ ଶ ଶ ଵ
ିଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ି = ݔ݀ݕଵ 2 ݔଶ ݕଷ ݀ = ݕ݀ݔ6
Example(c).
ଵ ௫
Evaluate ௫మ(4 ݕ+ 3 ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔby reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଵ ௫
௫ మ(4 ݕ+ 3ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ
To reverse the order of integration, we must sketch the regions
given by the limits.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
We find that the limits are ݔ =ݕ and ݔ = ݕଶ. Sketching these
curves, we have,
࢟= ࢞
(,)
࢟ = ࢞
࢟ varies from
ࢊ࢟ ࢞ to ࢞
ࢊ࢞
࢞ varies from ࢞
(,)
to
In the original problem, the integrand in terms of ݀ ݕvaries from
ݔ = ݕଶ to ݔ = ݕand the integrand in terms of ݀ ݔvaries from its point of
intersection (0,0) and (1,1), = ݔ0 to = ݔ1.
By reversing the order, we find that if make ݀ ݔas the inner integrand,
the integrand in terms of ݔ now varies from ݕto ඥ ݕand the outer
integrand ݀ݕ, ݕvaries from 0 to 1.
So,
ଵ ௫ ξ ଵ ௬
௫ మ(4 ݕ+ 3 = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ ௬ (4 ݕ+ 3ݕ݀ ݔ݀ )ݔ
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ξ ௬ ଷ ξ௬
௬ (4 ݕ+ 3 = ݔ݀ )ݔቚ4 ݔݕ+ ଶ ݔଶ ቚ
௬
ଷ ଶ ଷ
= ቂ4ݕ൫ඥݕ൯ + ൫ඥݕ൯ ቃ െ ቂ4 )ݕ(ݕ+ ( )ݕଶቃ
ଶ ଶ
య
ଷ ଵଵ
= 4 ݕ+ ଶ ݕെ
మ
ଶ
ݕଶ
Then,
య ఱ ଵ
ଵ ଷ ଵଵ ଼ ଷ ଵଵ
ቀ4 ݕమ + ଶ ݕെ ଶ
ݕଶቁ ݀ = ݕቚହ ݕమ + ସ ݕଶ െ
ݕଷቚ
ఱ ఱ
଼ ଷ ଵଵ ଼ ଷ ଵଵ
= ቂ ହ ( 1 ) మ + ସ ( 1) ଶ െ
( 1) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ ( 0) మ + ( 0) ଶ െ
ହ ସ
( 0) ଷ ቃ
ଷଵ
=
Therefore,
ଵ ௫ ଵ ξ௬ ଷଵ
௫ మ(4 ݕ+ 3 = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ ௬ (4 ݕ+ 3= ݕ݀ ݔ݀ )ݔ
Example(d).
ଶ ଶ௫
Evaluate (5 ݕଶ + 6 ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔby reversing the order of integration.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Solution:
ଶ ଶ௫
(5 ݕଶ + 6ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ
The limits are = ݕ2 ݔand = ݕ0. Sketching the curves of the limits,
we have,
࢟
࢟ = ࢞
(,)
ࢊ࢟ ࢟ varies from
to ࢞
(,)
ࢊ࢞ ࢞
࢞ variesfrom
to
By reversing the order, we will make ݀ ݔas the inner integrand and
௬
ݔnow varies from to 2 and the outer integrand ݀ݕ, ݕvaries from 0 to
ଶ
4.
So,
ଶ ଶ௫ ସ ଶ
(5 ݕଶ + 6 = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ (5 ݕଶ + 6ݕ݀ݔ݀ )ݔ
మ
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
(5 ݕଶ + 6| = ݔ݀ )ݔ5 ݕଶ ݔ+ 3 ݔଶ | ଶ
మ మ
௬ ௬ ଶ
= [5 ݕଶ (2) + 3(2) ଶ ] െ 5 ݕଶ ቀ ቁ + 3 ቀ ቁ ൨
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ହ
= ݕଶ െ ݕଷ + 12
ସ ଶ
Then,
ସ ଷ ହ ଷ ହ ସ
ቀ ସ ݕଶ െ ଶ ݕଷ + 12ቁ ݀ = ݕቚଵଶ ݕଷ െ ଼ ݕସ + 12ݕቚ
ଷ ହ ଷ ହ
= ቂ (4) ଷ െ (4) ସ + 12(4)ቃ െ ቂ (0) ଷ െ (0) ସ + 12(0)ቃ
ଵଶ ଼ ଵଶ ଼
ଶହ
=
ଷ
Therefore,
ଶ ଶ௫ ସ ଶ ଶହ
(5 ݕଶ + 6 = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ (5 ݕଶ + 6= ݕ݀ݔ݀ )ݔ ଷ
మ
Exercise
I. Evaluate the following integrals.
ଵ ଶ௫
1. ݕ ݔଷ ݀ݔ݀ݕ
ଵ ξ௫
2. ௫ ( ݔ+ ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݕ
ଶ ௬మ
3. (5 ݔ+ 3 ݕെ 2) ݀ݕ݀ݔ
ଵ ଵ భ
4. ௬ ( ݔ3 ݔଶ + 2 )ݕమ ݀ݕ݀ݔ
ξ
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
గ గ
5. ௫ cos ݕsin 2ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
ଷ ଵ
6. ଶ cosଶ ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
గ ଵ
7. ݔଶ sin(ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݕݔ
ଶగ ଶగ ୱ୧୬ ଶ௬
8. ௫ ୱ୧୬ ௬
݀ݔ݀ݕ
ଵ ඥଵି௬
9. ݁ (௫ା௬) ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
ଶ ୪୬ ௫ ௗ௬ௗ௫
10. ௫ షమ
II. Evaluate the following integrals by reversing the order of integration.
ଷ ଶ
1. ିଵ 3 ݔଷ ݕ݀ݔ݀ݕ
ଵ ௫
2. ௫ మ ݔଶ ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ
ଵ ௬
3. ௬ మ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
ଵ ଶ ర
4. ଶ௫ ݔଶ ݁ ௬ ݀ݔ݀ݕ
ଵ ଵ
5. ௬ cos ݁ ݕୡ୭ୱ ௫ ݀ݕ݀ݔ
Applications of Double Integration
Areas by Double Integration
Consider the figure,
࢟
࢟ = ࢌ(࢞)
(ࢇ,࢈)
ࢊ
࢟ = ࢍ(࢞)
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
࢞
(,)
The given curves are ݕଵ = ݂( )ݔand ݕଶ = ݃( )ݔthat intersects at points (0,0)
and (ܽ, ܾ). We introduce a differential area ݀ ܣwith sides ݀ ݔand ݀ ݕand obtained
݀ݔ݀ݕ݀ = ܣ.
We define the area ܣin the figure by,
(௫)
= ܣ (௫) ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
since for ݀ݕ, ݕvaries from ݃( )ݔto ݂( )ݔand for ݀ݔ, ݔvaries from 0 to ܽ.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
We can also denote the area by,
௬
= ܣ ௬ మ ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
భ
Example(a).
Find the area bounded by the curve = ݕ4െ ݔଶ and the ݔ-axis.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟
࢟ = െ ࢞
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
࢞
െ െ
Taking the area on the first quadrant, we have,
ଶ ସି௫ మ
= ܣ ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
ଶ మ
= | |ݕସି௫
݀ݔ
ଶ
= (4 െ ݔଶ ) ݀ݔ
ଵ ଶ
= ቚ4 ݔെ ݔଷ ቚ
ଷ
ଵ ଵ
= ቂ4(2) െ (2) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ4(0) െ (0) ଷ ቃ
ଷ ଷ
ଵ
=ܣ = 5.33 sq. units
ଷ
Since the area bounded in the first quadrant is symmetrical to the
third quadrant, therefore, the total area bounded is,
ଵ ଷଶ
= ܣ2 ቀ ଷ ቁ = ଷ = 10.67 sq. units
Example(b).
Find the area bounded by the curve ݕ = ݔ+ 2 ݕଶ, the ݔ-axis and the line
= ݔ10 on the first quadrant.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟ ࢞ = ࢟ + ࢟
(,)
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞ ࢞
࢞ =
െ
The area is,
ଶ ଵ
= ܣ ௬ାଶ௬ మ ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
ଶ
= ||ݔଵ
௬ାଶ௬ మ ݀ݕ
ଶ
= [10 െ ( ݕ+ 2 ݕଶ )] ݀ݕ
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
ଵ ଶ ଶ
= ቚ10 ݕെ ݕଶ െ ݕଷቚ
ଶ ଷ
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ
= ቂ10(2) െ ଶ (2) ଶ െ ଷ (2) ଷቃ െ ቂ10(0) െ ଶ (0) ଶ െ ଷ (0) ଷ ቃ
ଷ଼
=ܣ = 12.67 sq. units
ଷ
Example(c).
Find the area bounded by the curve ݁ = ݕ௫ , the ݕ-axis and the line ݁ = ݕ.
Solution:
Graphing the curves, ࢟ = ࢋ࢞
࢟
࢟= ࢋ (,ࢋ)
ࢊ࢞
ࢊ࢟
࢞
The area is,
୪୬ ௬
= ܣଵ ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
୪୬ ௬
= ଵ | |ݔ ݀ݕ
= ଵ ln ݕ݀ ݕ
= | ݕln ݕെ |ݕଵ
= [(݁) ln(݁) െ (݁)] െ [(1) ln(1) െ (1)]
=ܣ 1 sq. unit
Example(d).
Find the area bounded by the curves ݕ = ݔand = ݔ4 ݕെ ݕଶ by double
integration.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢞ = ࢟ െ ࢟
࢟
࢞ = ࢟
(,)
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
࢞
(,)
Then,
ଷ ସ௬ି௬ మ
= ܣ ௬ ݀ݕ݀ ݔ
ଷ ସ௬ି௬ మ
= | |ݔ௬ ݀ݕ
ଷ
= (4 ݕെ ݕଶ െ ݕ݀ )ݕ
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
ଷ
= (3 ݕെ ݕଶ ) ݀ݕ
ଷ ଵ ଷ
= ቚଶ ݕଶ െ ଷ ݕଷ ቚ
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ
= ቂଶ (3) ଶ െ ଷ (3) ଷ ቃ െ ቂଶ (0) ଶ െ ଷ (0) ଷቃ
ଽ
=ܣ ଶ
= 4.5 sq. units
Exercise
Compute the area bounded by the given curves using double integration.
1. ݔ = ݕଶ , = ݔ2, = ݕ0
2. ݕଶ = ݔ, = ݔ4, = ݕ0
3. ݕଶ = 4ݔ, ݔଶ = 4ݕ
4. = ݕ5 ݔെ ݔଶ , = ݔ3, = ݕ0
5. ݔ = ݕଶ , = ݔ1 െ ݕ
6. = ݕ4 ݔെ 4 ݔଶ, = ݔ2, = ݕ0
7. ݔଶ + 4 = ݕ8, = ݔ2ݕ
8. ݕ = ݔଶ + 2ݕ, = ݔ8, = ݕ0
9. = ݕെ2 ݔଶ െ 4ݔ, = ݕ2ݔ
10. = ݕ4 ݔെ ݔଶ , = ݔ3, = ݕ0
11. = ݕ2 ݔଷ, = ݕ2, = ݔ0
12. ݔ = ݕଶ െ 6 ݔ+ 10, = ݔ5, = ݕ1
13. = ݕ2 ݔെ ݔଶ , ݔ = ݕଷ
14. ݕଶ = 2ݔ, ݔ = ݕ
15. = ݔඥ ݕ+ 1, = ݔ3, = ݕ0
Volumes of a Solid of Revolution
Consider the figure below,
࢟ = ࢍ(࢞)
(࢈,ࢊ)
࢟ = ࢌ(࢞)
ࢊ࢞
ࢊ࢟
(ࢇ,ࢉ) ࢟
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
If the area bounded by the curves )ݔ(݂ = ݕand )ݔ(݃ = ݕis revolved about
the ݔ-axis, the volume of the solid generated is given by the formula,
௬ ௬
ܸ = 2ߨ ௬ మ = ܣ݀ ݕ2ߨ ௬ మ ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ
భ భ
Similarly, if the bounded area is revolved about the ݕ-axis, as shown below,
࢟
࢟ = ࢍ(࢞)
( ࢈,ࢊ)
࢟ = ࢌ(࢞)
ࢊ࢞
࢞
ࢊ࢟
(ࢇ,ࢉ)
The volume is given by the formula,
௫ ீ(௬)
ܸ = 2ߨ ௫ మ = ܣ݀ ݔ2ߨ ி(௬) ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݔ
భ
Example(a).
Find the volume of the solid generated by the area bounded by the curves,
ݔ = ݕଶ and
ݔ = ݕ+ 2 revolving about the ݔ-axis.
Solution:
࢟ = ࢞+
࢟
( ,)
࢟ = ࢞
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
(െ,)
࢞
The volume is,
ଶ ௫ାଶ
ܸ = 2ߨ ିଵ ௫ మ ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ
௫ାଶ
ଶ ௬మ
ܸ = 2ߨ ିଵ ቚ ଶ ቚ ݀ݔ
௫మ
ଶ ଵ
ܸ= 2ߨ ିଵ [( ݔ+ 2) ଶ െ ( ݔଶ ) ଶ] ݀ݔ
ଶ
ଶ
ܸ= ߨ ିଵ( ݔଶ + 4 ݔ+ 4 െ ݔସ)݀ݔ
ଵ ଷ ଶ ଵ ହ ଶ
ܸ = ߨ ቚ ݔ+ 2 ݔ+ 4 ݔെ ݔቚ
ଷ ହ ିଵ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ܸ = ߨ ቄቂ (2) ଷ + 2(2) ଶ + 4(2) െ (2) ହ ቃ െ ቂ (െ1) ଷ + 2( െ1) ଶ + 4( െ1)
ଷ ହ ଷ
ଵ
െ ହ (െ1) ହ ቃቅ
ଶ
ܸ= ହ
ߨ = 45.24 cubic units
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Example(b).
Find the volume of the solid generated by the area bounded by the curve,
ݔ = ݕଶ and the line, = ݔ2 revolving about the ݕ-axis.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟
(,)
࢟ = ࢞
࢞=
࢞
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
࢞
The volume is,
ସ ξ௬
ܸ = 2ߨ ଶ ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݔ
ସ ௫మ ଶ
ܸ= 2ߨ ቚ ቚ ݀ݕ
ଶ ξ௬
ସ
ܸ= ߨ (4 െ ݕ݀)ݕ
ଵ ସ
ܸ= ߨ ቚ4 ݕെ ݕଶ ቚ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
ܸ= ߨ ቄቂ4(4) െ ଶ (4) ଶ ቃ
െ ቂ4(0) െ ଶ (0) ଶቃቅ
ܸ = 8ߨ = 25.13 cubic units
Exercise
Use double integration to find the volume of a solid generated by the area
bounded by the given curves revolving about the indicated axis of revolution.
1. ݕ = ݔଶ , = ݔ4, about ݔ-axis
2. = ݕξݔ, = ݔ2, = ݕ0, about ݕ-axis
3. ݕଶ = 4ݔ, = ݔ1,ݔ-axis, about = ݔ1
4. ݔ = ݕଷ , = ݕ8, = ݔ0, about ݔ-axis
5. = ݕ2 ݔ+ 1, = ݕ7, = ݔ0, about ݔ-axis
6. ݕ = ݔെ 3, = ݕ0, about ݕ-axis
7. ݕଶ = 8ݔ, = ݔ0, = ݕ4, about = ݕ4
8. = ݕ4 ݔଶ, = ݕ4ݔ, about = ݔ1
9. ݕଶ = 2ݔ, ݔ = ݕ, about = ݔ0
10. = ݕ5 ݔെ ݔଶ , = ݕ0, about = ݔ0
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Triple Integration
Consider the integral,
௬మ ௫మ
௬ ௫ ݂(ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀)ݖ(݂)ݕ(݂ )ݔ
భ భ
The limits ݔଵ,ݔଶ,ݕଵ and ݕଶ should be independent of ݔand ݕand the
limits ܽ and ܾ should be constants.
In evaluating triple integrals, same concepts as double integration can be
applied.
Example(a).
ଶ ଷ ଶ
Evaluate ିଵ ݀ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ.
Solution:
Taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
ିଵ ݀ |ݕ | = ݕଶିଵ = 2— 1 = 3
Then, the second integrand,
ଷ
3݀| = ݔ3 |ݔଷ = 3(3) = 9
And the last integrand,
ଶ
9݀ | = ݖ9 |ݖଶ = 9( 2) = 18
Therefore,
ଶ ଷ ଶ
ିଵ ݀ = ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ18
Example(b).
ଶ ௭మ ௬
Evaluate ௭ ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ ݔ.
Solution:
Taking the inner integrand,
௬ ଵ ௬ ଵ
= ݔ݀ݕݔቚଶ ݔଶ ݕቚ = ଶ
[ ݕଶ ( )ݕെ (െ )ݕଶ (0) ]
ଵ
= ଶ ݕଷ
Then, the second integrand,
௭మ ଵ ଵ ௭మ ଵ
௭ ଶ
ݕଷ ݀ = ݕቚ଼ ݕସ ቚ = ଼
[(ݖଶ ) ସ െ ( )ݖସ ]
௭
ଵ
= ଼ ( ଼ݖെ ݖସ )
And the last integrand,
ଶଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ
଼ ( ଼ݖെ ݖସ )݀ = ݖቚ଼ ቀଽ ݖଽ െ ହ ݖହ ቁቚ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቄቂ ( 2) ଽ െ ହ ( 2) ହ ቃ െ [ 0]ቅ
଼ ଽ
ଵ ଶଶଶ
= ଼
ቀ
ସହ
ቁ
ଶ଼ସ
= ଶହ
Therefore,
ଶ ௭మ ௬ 284
௭ ݔ = ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ
25
Example(c).
ଵ ଶ௭ ௫
Evaluate ଵ ( ݔ+ 2ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ݀)ݕ.
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME
Solution:
Taking the first integrand,
௫
( ݔ+ 2 ݕݔ| = ݕ݀)ݕ+ ݕଶ | ௫ = [ )ݔ(ݔ+ ( )ݔଶ ] െ 0
= ݔଶ + ݔଶ = 2 ݔଶ
Then, the second integrand,
ଶ௭ ଶ ଶ௭ ଶ ଶ
ଵ 2 ݔଶ݀ = ݔቚଷ ݔଷቚ = ଷ
[(2 )ݖଷ െ (1) ଷ ] =
ଷ
(8 ݖଷ െ 1)
ଵ
And the last integrand,
ଵଶ ଶ ଵ ଶ
ଷ (8 ݖଷ െ 1)݀ = ݖቚଷ (2 ݖସ െ )ݖቚ = ଷ
{[2(1) ସ െ (1)] െ 0}
ଶ
=
ଷ
Therefore,
ଵ ଶ௭ ௫ ଶ
ଵ ( ݔ+ 2= ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ݀)ݕ ଷ
Exercise
Evaluate the following integrals.
ଵ ଶ ଷ
1. ݀ݖ݀ ݕ݀ ݔ
ସ ξସି௫ మ ଶି௫ మ௬ మ
2. ݀ݕ݀ ݔ݀ ݖ
ଵ ଷ௬ ௫
3. ଵ (ݔ െ 2ݕ݀ ݔ݀ ݖ݀ )ݖ
ଶ ௬మ ௬
4. 2 ݕଶ ݔ݀ ݖ ݀ݕ݀ ݖ
ଶ ௭ ௬ మାଵ
5. ଵ ݀ݖ݀ ݕ݀ ݔ
Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME