FEATURES 118 A lesson in logos Why Apple turned its Jogo round 120 Product design The story of a classic design 122 Is stuff winning? An article about how we have too much ‘stuff’ in our lives. 126 Wind turbines A video about a product that can earn money and help the environment Unit 10 Products Look at the photo. What products is the man selling? What do you think they are used for? ri Listen to part of a radio programme about the man in the photo. Answer the questions. 1 Where does he make his baskets? 2. Whoare his customers? Why do they buy them? 3. Where does he sell the baskets? 3 Do you usually buy things from small local producers and sellers? Or do you normally buy products from big, ternational companies? 4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the last things you bought, e.g. clothing, a book, something online. Answer these questions for each product. + What was it? Where did you buy it? Why did you buy it? Do you know what company mad Do you know where it was made?Reading 1 Look at the product in the photo. Do you recognize the logo on the laptop? What is wrong with it? Read the article and check your ideas, Ce ALESSON IN LOGOS A logo is how people recognize your company. ‘When you see a tick logo on an advertisement, for example, you know it’s Nike sportswear. The Gold "M' on red says ‘McDonalds’. And everyone knows who made the technology you are using ) When it has an apple on it. The Apple logo is one of the simplest but most successful logos in the world. Apple products are Used in millions of homes and offices. Over five hundred iPhones are sold every minute and the company makes more than two hundred billion dollars a year. An Apple product is recognized by People ail over the world because of its design and the famous logo. However, when the first Apple laptops were Produced in 1999, Apple realized they had a | Problem with their logo. When the laptop was put on a table, the customer saw the Apple logo on the top of the laptop. But when the laptop was open, the logo was upside down. This wasn't a problem for the person using the laptop, but it didn’t look good to other people. In the end, the logo was turned round so that the logo was seen correctly by other people. Why was it so important to Apple? Because when you see other people using a product, you are more likely to buy it. SERRE EERE EEE, 10a A lesson in logos 2 Read the article again. Are these sent or false (F)? 1 The writer thinks everyone knows products. 2. On the frst laptops, the company didnt use the Apple logo. 3. When you closed the first la logo upside down. 4 On modern Apple laptops, other people can 5. If wesce other people doing something, we often copy them. ences truer) about Apple POPS, You saw the 3 >Discuss these questions as a class. 1 Do you agree with the last sentence in the article? Is it true for you? Why? / Why not? 2. How important do you think logos are? Do they make you buy products? Wordbuilding word forms 4 Match these word forms with the definitions (1-5) advert advertise advertising advertisement advertiser 1. (verb) to tell the public about a produc, job or service (noun) short for the word advertisement (noun) a person or company that advertises (noun) a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or service 5 (noun) the activity of telling the public abouta product, job or service \When you learn @ new word, ry to leatn it other forms. Use a dictionary to help you. produce (\), product (2), productive (ad). _ Production (n), producer (person/company) For further practice, see Workbook page 53 5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete these sentences with the correct form of produce. cars 1. Twork for Mercedes and we and other vehicles. 2 Coca-Cola is one of the most famous _____in the world 3 Wine _in France are worriet low sales this year 4 My brother works in video _— He makes videos for online advertising 5 I'vehadavery____ day and I've finished all my work. id aboutUnit 10 Products 6 Pronunciation stres forms jerent word fg [ETE Listen and undesine the stressed syllables nese words. Note how the sres somtimes ‘Ranges nthe diferent word forme, Jadvert advertise advertiser advertising | advertisement product produce producer | productive production bb LIEBE Listen again and repeat the words. Grammar the passive ple passive 1 An Apple product is recognized by people all over the world. i 2 Apple products are used in milions of homes. | ‘ast simple passive 3 The first Apple laptops were produced in 1999. 4 The logo was turned round. [Forforther information and practice, seepage 7 7 Lookat the sentences in the grammar box. Answer these questions. a Ina passive sentence we use the past participle of the main verb. What other verb do we use? b_ Compare sentence 1 with this active sentence: People all over the world recognize an Apple product. In which sentence is people the subject and in which sentence is an Apple product the subject? Sentences 2,3 and 4 don’t say who does the action. Why is this? 4. Sentence 1 says who does the action. Which word introduces this? 8 Complete the information about YouTube with the present simple passive and the past simple passive form of the verbs. _ YouTube in numbers * Sixbillion hours of YouTube video *___ (watch) every month. * Four hundred hours of video? _ (upload) every minute. The first YouTube video *___ (call) ‘Me at the zoo’. It* __— (make) by Jawed Karim in 2005, + Ten years ago the site>_ (uisit) by 20 million people per month. Today, the YouTube website* _ (use) by 1.3 billion people per month. + YouTube’ (el) in 2006 and now it (own) by Google. 9 Read about another logo. Choose the correct option. in the world of business, logos ‘design /are designed very carefully Millons of dollars’spend//are spent on them, because logos® put /are put on every advertisement and ‘often on products toa. Customers often ‘prefer /< preferred products with a famouslogo. ‘So when companies try are tried to change thei lo they have to be very careful. Gap is a good example how companies sometimes *make/ are made m with logos. Gap clothes “buy fare bought all ‘world and the simple blue logo "recognize /is Con every high street. However in 2010, the com ‘decided / was decided to change the logo. ‘Many of its customers "complained / were cor and a week later the company "!changed / was the logo back. The company hadn't realized itslogo "/oved / was loved by its customers. 410 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. Use the passive form of the verb. 1 My bag (make) in ae —___ (which country?) (direct) 2 My favourite film ____- (who?) (build) in, a —. (when?) 4 My favourite book _ by Speaking 411. Work in pairs. Take tums to choose a type of product from the list: Think of a famous product ora product you often buy: Your partner has to ask a maximum of ten questions and guess the company. Use the icleas below or your own ideas. __(write) (which author?) ‘adrink acar clothes furniture technology. Was it invented in this country? ‘Where is it made? How is it normally sold? (e.g. in shops, online) an you describe the logo? Is the product a fizzy drink? A: Was it invented in this country? By No, it was invented in the USA. > EQWENISEIENNY > Haorrs in THE PAST > USING LESS STUFF. > DISCUSSING OPINIONS. > AREViEW20 ee <, ‘ 4 URC Cy = Vocabulary describing design 1 Read the sentences (1-7). Match the adjectives in bold to the definitions (ag). 1 You don’t need to read the instructions because it's so user-friendly. 2. Iknow my clothes are old-fashioned, but I can't afford anything new. 3. still use the same phone Ihad five years ago, It looks very basic but it works. 4 Ican sell you this one now, but a more up-to- date model comes out in three weeks, 5. That style of dress is very fashionable this summer. Everyone's wearing it. 6 like her taste in clothes. She always wears classic designs. 7 My mother gave me this bag. It’s very useful because it holds everything. simple, not complicated it does a good job ‘easy to learn how to use simple and traditional but always in fashion out-of-date, not modern. the latest or newest popular at the moment ae ance 2 Work in pairs. Use the adjectives from Exercise 1 to describe the designs of objects: * in the photo. + in your bag. + in your classroom. Listening 3 How do you listen to music? Do you use: 1 records? 4 downloads? 2 cassettes? 5 streaming? 3 CDs? 4 LAE Listen toa radio programme about a famous product called the Sony Walkman. Which things from Exercise 3 did it play? 5 [AED Listen again, Read the questions and chose the correct option (ac). 1 What does the speaker say about listening to ‘music in the seventies? People dicin’t listen to as much music as they do now. You couldn't listen to music on your way to school or work. © Music wasn’t as good and i's better nowadays 2 What showed that the Sony Walkman was successful, according to the speaker? Lots of people bought it. b_ Other companies copied it. © _Itwas in the English dictionary. 3. Why did some people think the Sony Walkman was a crazy idea? a Itdidn‘t look very stylish b It didn’t do lots of different things. ¢ Tt was too small.Unit 10 Products 3 Underline the best option. 1. Lused to /use o buy CDs but now I download all my 2. We sel fo go/went to our first music concert when we | were fourteen, | | 3. Musicians use fo play /played live all the time but Splenlage Cg yell tape fe xpocenting san. 4 Mylrother dv nro dite we baw lnghai bxk he gre hen i becane fashionable 5 Tarte ota em he tar uni a8 torve yeas ld ij pant rete flakes cont Dull go every weeknow 7 Did you use eed to ike this ong? ee ee nl | Pronunciation /s/ or /2/ al Listen and read the sentences. Notice the pronunciation of the words use and tweed. Which words, have the sound /s/ and which have the sound /2/? used to buy CDs but didn’t use to buy records. Nowadays, I use my mobile phone to download music. by DXEEL Listen again and repeat the sentences. 10 Complete the sentences with usd fo, didn’ use oor did se page 174 pe psoait used to play the guitar. Did you use to play the guitar? For further information and pra Ididn't use to like vegetables. Did you use to lke vegetables? {ou use to and the verb given 1 Myfamily__ (spend) every summer coma boat. Ie was great. 21 (eat) vegetables when Iwas a child, but Hove them now. eee (you / have) a camera before you got that mobile phone? 4 Mysister _(play) the guitar in a rock band when she was younger. They sounded terrible, but she loved itt 5 He (cam) much money compared to what he cams nowadays. His current job is really well-paid. Grammar used to 6 (you / write) letters before email UTS was invented? People used to buy music on vinyl records. © caking 5 a Speaking Lari We didn't use to download music. aw to 11 Wiritefive true sentences about your past with use fo ot evieies ie by ir disint use fo. Then write the question form. 1 6 Look at the grammar box. What form of the verb follows used to? 12 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions from Exercise 11. Find similarities and differences between you 7 Compare this sentence with the eee inthe and your partner. grammar box. Answer the questions (I- F ‘A: Did you use to play the guitar? 1 Which form do we use to describe a single mn j action at a specific time in the past? A: Did you use to lke vegetables? t 2. Which form do we use to describe ahabitin the Yes, lid. past which is not true now? — popuers 1euY PREERRIIREEIG > usinc iiss sturr > orscussinc onions a my life AREVIEWi ing using less stuff reading is stuff winning? critical thinking fact or opinion? + speaking using less 10c Is stuff winning? Critical thinking fact or o 6 Look at the sentences (1-6) from the article, Reading ion? 1. Read this conversation between two people. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Where do you think it is happening? 2 Whois the conversation between? A; This room is so untidy. There's too much stuff everywhere. B: I know. Ill tidy it but I don’t have anywhere to put some of these things. ‘A: Well let's throw some of it away. For ‘example, what's this thing? B: No, don’t throw that away. Ilike to keep stuff like that, just in case. Look at the words stuffand thing in the conversation. Which is countable? Which is uncountable? Look at the photo on page 123. Is your home full Of stuff like this? Or is it very tidy with only a few things? Read the article quickly. What is the article mainly about? Choose the best option (a-c). a Some people are buying too much stuff and need to spend less. b_ Some people are bored because they have nothing to do. Some people are trying to have less stuffin their lives. ‘These sentences are missing from the ends of the paragraphs in the article. Read the article again and match the sentences with the paragraphs 9). a They buy more stuff in order to avoid getting bored. b All these people are interested in how they can also have a ‘minimalist life. © Maybe one way to begin is by going offline for fifteen minutes a day and seeing if you feel better! d_ And by the end of the month, you have thrown away lots of your stuff. € Lalso need to reply to a few text messages from work. Which sentences: a give facts? b give the author’s opinion? ¢ report other people's opinion? 1 2 ‘The email inbox shows 243 unread emails, ‘The good news is that now there is an excellent website to help people like me. 3. When Ryan Nicodemus and Joshua Fields Millburn set up this website, they had 52 visitors in the first month, 4. Some people think that there is a problem with having lots of stuff in our heads 5. People said they were bored of watching TV, 6 We should also have less stuff in our heads. 7 Work in pairs. Underline the words in Exercise 6 which helped you to answer. Which types of words or phrases did you underline: 1 for factual information? 2. for opinions and reporting opinions? 8 Look at the article again. Which statement (a-<) do you agree with? Give reasons for your answer, a On the whole, the article is based on facts and results. b On the whole, the article is based on the writer’s opinion and the opinions of others. ¢ On the whole, the article is a good balance of fact and opinion. Speaking 9 Work in pairs. Prepare a short presentation to convince other people to have less stuff in theit homes or to spend less time online. Use ideas from the article and add your own opinions. Include these points. ‘+ Present the problem. ‘+ Present the reasons. + Present the solutions. 10 Work with another pair. Take tums to give your presentations and convince the other pair of your opinions. Today we'd lke otal to you about the stuf in you Home. Do yo spend tne every day a the shopsor ontne buying moe things?o 6 » Fy Unit 10 Products IS STUFF WINNING? c= | bought another book today and have put it on apile of unread books on my new coffee table. There's no more space on the table, which also has digital devices, coffee cups, and some socks | need to put away in my bedroom. But my bedroom is alo full of stuff. | pick up my phone. The email inbox shows 243 unread emails. 've already missed three calls since I got home, know that | want less stuff in my life, but at the ‘moment the stuff is winning, | seem to spend all my time buying things, and then putting them away, when really I'd like more time for family, friends and hobbies. The good news is that now there is an excellent website to help people like me, called The Minimalists. When Ryan Nicodemus. ‘and Joshua Fields Millburn set up this website, they had 2 visitors in the first month. Two years later, it has over two million visitors a month. Ryan Nicodemus explains how it began. He was ‘working between sixty and eighty hours a week ‘and spending his free time buying more products to make himself feel better. One day, he decided to start working fewer hours and to get rid of all his stuff. After a while, he realized he was much happier and he wanted to share his ideas with others. So he set up the website with Joshua to ive advice to other people about how to become ‘minimalist’. On the website there are blog posts PRODUCTS |BUY Me) wreview 30 35 0 4 HAGITS INTHE PAST > and lots of practical ideas. One of their ideas is to play the thirty-day minimalism game. On day fone you throw out, sell, recycle or give away one ‘object in your life. Then on day two, two objects. (On day three, three objects In the same way that stuff can fill the space in ‘our homes, some people think that there is a problem with having lots of stuff in our heads. (Often people go online because they don’t want to be doing nothing, so they keep their brains busy with unnecessary activities. According to a recent survey, most people born between 1980 and 2000 use their phones when they have Nothing else to do: 46% check their social media, 43% play games, and a fifth do some online shopping. In the same survey, some people said they were bored with their screens and online life; for ‘example, 27% of them said they were bored cof watching TV and 14% were bored of social media. So perhaps we need more time without all these devices and, like Nicodemus and Milburn who have less stuff in their homes, we should also have less stuff in our heads. ‘minimal (ad) minim! very small in size or number ‘minimalist (7) mmimalst/ a person who uses a small ‘numberof things or simple ideas in their work and life DISCUSSING OPINIONS,Vocabulary websites + real life giving your opinion 10d Website design Vocabulary websites 4 Listen again and complete the sentences, @ Layiite) re 1 a ii eke 41. Great. [think we buy it today Complete the sentences with these words ieee ahove yeah Waka err a RE cay 3 Isee what you _, butwecanhavea Feu alee ciee phetoof te shopat he top. 4 Inmy _ifsmore important at 1 The. sige te the ict page you'sse people see the records fr sale. itn ee 5 R: Also, itneeds a search box so they can find the 2 Good websiteshave___toother pages record they want. and to other websites. S: Yes you're _____ 3. You can send a message on a website using the 6 Rr Lots of other websites have an ‘about uy page aa ee, you could put the text there? 4 The — page has information about & Good : the company orthe person whothas the website, 7S: Also, Tthink we could havea video ofthe 5 Some websites have which appear shop on the page, with both of us talking ‘on the top or the side of the screen. They can be about who we are and what we do. really annoying! R Yes,1 é 6 Visitors want to read and watch up-to-date 8 Ymnot about that. Regular : ona website, customers will want to call or email us... 7 The. Dboxhelps you find specific 5 Took at th _ — : at the expressions for discussing opinions information more quickly. and check your answers from Exercise 4. 2. Work in groups. Discuss the questions 1 Which websitesdo you visit when you wantto_[DIBIREUEEW intone) NN do these things? ‘Asking for an opinion What do you thin + search for information RETR Gee * Hsten to music "Giving your opin «find the translation of a word into English preg vote opinion + buy clothes, books or music eT ioe ‘find out the latest news TEES be uts, 2. Why do you prefer these websites? Agrecing and disagreeing 3. What do you think makes one website better _ lagree. / You're right. / Good idea. than another? | see what you mean, but... I disagree. /1 don't agree, i ini Making suggestions Real life giving your opinion Mee scucnia 3 [AEG sergio and Rachel own a shop called Retake yewooest youl Records, which sells second-hand records and CDs. They are planning anew website foronline © Workin groups. You are going to plan a new customers. Tick the topics they discuss (1-8). website. Discuss these questions. Use the Tes expressions for discussing opinions. 2. the home page 1 What are you going to sell from your website? 3. the contact page 2 Whatis the name of your business? 4 asearch box 3. What pages do you need? 5. product information 4 How will you show your product on the page’ 6 links to other sites 5 What else will you have (e.g. videos)? 7 the ‘about us’ page ica 7 Present your plans tothe rest ofthe lass. PRODUCTS BUY > HABITSINTHEPAST > USING LESS srurF > [SESESNERSONIENSwriting a review * writing skill giving your opinion Unit 10 Products 10e A review Writing a review 1 Read the review of a website and answer the questions. 1 Whatis the purpose of the website? 2 Why does the writer like the website? 3 Whatis one problem with the site? 4 What is the writer's conclusion about the site? One of my favourite websites isa free photo-sharing site called ww w [Link]. I's. great place for photographers to show their ‘photos to other people. ‘The site has quite a few good features, Firstly it's ‘easy to find photographs that you are interested in, ‘They are organized into different categories Fike ‘travel’, food! or ‘people” so you can search for things you want to look at, Another good point is that you can comment on each other’s photos, and every month a professional photographer is invited tomake comments. In my opinion, you Tear a lot from this person's comments, ‘The only problem is that it has too much advertising, I think that’s how the site makes, ‘money, but when you are looking at beautiful photographs, it's annoying when an advert appears on the screen, On the whole, it's a useful website for anyone who loves taking photographs and communicating with ‘other people about them, 2 Writing skill giving your opinion Write down any useful phrases in the review that: give positive opinions One of my frvourite «8. b_ give negative opinions © sum up the writer's m opinion Match these phrases to the uses (a-c) in Exercise 23. ‘One thing I really like is that In general, ... Another bad point is that ‘One big advantage is that Tosum up... Think of a website you often use, Make notes to answer the questions and plan a review of the website. Paragraph 1: What is the website? What is it for? Paragraph 2: In your opinion, what are the good points about the website? Paragraph 3: ‘Are there any bad points or problems with the site? Paragraph 4 On the whole, what do you think about the site? Write your review. Use the useful phrases in Exercise 2b. Exchange reviews with your partner. Use these questions to check your partner's review. ‘+ Does it explain the purpose of the website? ‘+ Does the review give positive opinions? ‘+ Does it give negative opinions? ‘+ Does it sum up the writer’s main opinion? Sn ne } | DH PRODUCTSIBUY > HABITSINTHE PAST. USING LESS STUFF p DISCUSSING OPINIONS. @ - > —ea]Unit 10 Products Before you watch 4. Work in pairs. Look at the photo and answer the questions. 1 Doyouhave wind turbines in yout local area? 2. How do wind turbines work? What do they produce? 2. Key vocabulary Read these sentences. The words in bold are used in the video. Match the words with the definitions (a-g). ‘The land is very flat in this area, paid off the loan on this car. ‘This tower can withstand very strong wind. My electricity comes from the local electricity gr ‘The price can be anywhere from one hundred. to two hundred dollars, This lorry weighs a ton. ‘The farmer grows crops on the land. gave all the money back a system of cables which sends electricity not be damaged by something a unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms with no hill or mountains plants for food a phrase used when you don’thave the exact figure mean ee NA ow | While you watch 3. COEDEE Watch the video and match the numbers and years to the information (1-8) 6,000 2 81,530 180 130 257 1993 140,000 ‘The number of wind turbines at the schools in Spirit Lake: ‘The year the turbine was built: ‘The amount of money the smaller turbine has saved the district: $ 4 The height of a wind turbine: _ feet 5 The total amount that the two turbines save the schools: §____ 6 The amount of money Charles Goodman will make in a year from his wind turbines: §__ 7 The number of wind turbines inthis area of countryside: 8 The speed of wind that the turbine can withstand: miles per hour 4 xe tenn oe 4 COMBED Watch the video again and answer the questions. 1. Why was the second turbine built? 2. How are the turbines fixed in the ground so they don’t fall over? Whereis the power sent from the two turbines? What do the farmers sell? Why does Charles Goodman smile when the wind is blowing? Why are the wind turbines useful in class? ‘What does Jan Bolluyt say the wind turbines are good for? After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 6 Work in pairs. List the different reasons in the video why wind turbines are good for the area of Spirit Lake. 7 With your partner, prepare a short, two-minute presentation about building wind turbines near Your local town. Explain: + how wind turbines work. + the different reasons why turbines are good. + why the town needs to build one. 8 Work with another pair and take turns to give your presentations. How similar were your reasons for building wind turbines?aa UNIT 10 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER 5 BSEUE work in pairs. Write five products Grammar for brands from Unit 10. Match them with the Adjectives in Exercise 4 or think of other adjectives, _Gap clothes —___ classic, fshionale 1. Choose the correct options. 6 Which part of the website (a-e) do you click to do these things (1-5)? a about us 4 search, b contact © link © home 1 togo toa different website 2 tosend a message to the person or company ‘who has the site to look for specific information on the site to return to the main page to find out about the person or company who hhas the site “talk about products and advertising Real life 7 Read part of a discussion between three people about the colour of a new logo for the front of shop. Write the missing words in the phrases. 2 BSHVED Look at the text in Exercise 1 again and answer these questions 1. Which ofthe verb forms are passive? A: The designers have sent the new logo in three 2 Why do we use these passive forms? different colours." W___d t___ is the best colour? B: ?1___m__o_, the black and white logo is the best. I's easy to see. : 1'd___ Black and white is boring. 214s w ‘m___Itisn’t ee ys very inter B: OK, let’s look at the other two. SM Vocabulary c___use the yellow logo. C:No,I¢d___a_ Yellows very difficult 3 Complete this table of words. aces nated ver adjective [noun another [person] ‘Nes,’ y__r_. So suggest we use he noun a we: Id do that. SOVeTiTS. Saver B: °C. _ I think we should do produce product, 8 | Underline the phrases in Exercise 7 for: + asking for an opinion. Reorder the letters to make adjectives about * giving an opinion. products, * agreeing and disagreeing. 1 suer-rifelndy 6 lod-asfihoned * maling uggestions. 2 casib 7 pu-ottade 3 hasionfable 4 slacsic 5. Tufuse