RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, MAYUR VIHAR

SESSION 2022-2023

CLASS: XI SUBJECT: ENGLISH

I. How to make notes:

1. Read the passage carefully.

2. Give a heading to your work. The heading will be based on the following considerations.
(i) What is the main idea of the passage?
(ii) Frame a heading based on the main idea.
(iii) Write it in the middle of the page.

3. Give subheadings
(i) How has the main idea been presented and developed?
(ii) Are there two or three subordinate/associated ideas?
(iii) Frame subheadings based on these.

4. Points are to be noted under each subheading.

Are there further details or points of the subtitles that you wish to keep in these notes? These are
called points. Points may have subpoints.

5. All subheadings should be at a uniform distance from the margin.

6. Indenting – Points should also be at the same distance away from the margin.
7. Do not write complete sentences.
8. Abbreviations should be used.

II. Help with abbreviations:

1. Use standard abbreviations and symbols as far as possible.

(i) Capitalise the first letters of the names of states, countries or organisations.
For example: UP, USA, UK and UNO.

(ii) Common abbreviations

Sc. (for science), Mr, Mrs, Dr, govt, BSc, etc.

(iii) Common symbols such as i.e., e.g., Rx, /, ∴ , +ve, -ve, → (leading to) ↑ (rising), ↓ (falling), =, >,
<

(iv) Measurements and figures – 100″, 100′, 100 kg, 100 mm, 100 mL.

2. Make your own abbreviations.

(i) Keep the main sounds of the words: edn (education), progm. (programme).
(ii) It is a good practice to keep the first few and the last letters of the word such as education –
edu’n, developing – dev’ing. Retain the suffix so that later when you are going over the notes, you
may recall the full form of the word, for example: ed’nal (educational), prog’ve (progressive).

3. Take the following caution:

(i) Do not get overenthusiastic about abbreviations.

(ii) You should not abbreviate every word.
(iii) One abbreviation in one point is enough.
(iv) As a general rule, the heading should not be abbreviated.
(v) You may use abbreviations in subheadings.

III. Your notes should look like this:

(i) Indenting is essential.

Note making Example – Passage 1:

1. Conversation is indeed the most easily teachable of all arts. All you need to do in order to
become a good conversationalist is to find a subject that interests you and your listeners.
There are, for example, numberless hobbies to talk about. But the important
thing is that you must talk about other fellow’s hobby rather than your own. Therein lies the
secret of your popularity. Talk to your friends about the things that interest them, and you
will get a reputation for good fellowship, charming wit, and a brilliant mind. There is nothing
that pleases people so much as your interest in their interest.

2. It is just as important to know what subjects to avoid and what subjects to select for good
conversation. If you don’t want to be set down as a wet blanket or a bore, be careful to
avoid certain unpleasant subjects. Avoid talking about yourself, unless you are asked to do
so. People are interested in their own problems not in yours. Sickness or death bores
everybody. The only one who willingly listens to such talk is the doctor, but he gets paid for
it.

3. To be a good conversationalist you must know not only what to say, but how also to say it.
Be mentally quick and witty. But don’t hurt others with your wit. Finally try to avoid
mannerism in your conversation. Don’t bite your lips or click your tongue, or roll your eyes or
use your hands excessively as you speak.

4. Don’t be like that Frenchman who said, “How can I talk if you hold my hand?”

2.1 Make notes an the contents of above paragraph in any format, using abbreviations. Supply a
suitable title also.
2.2 Make a summary of the passage.

2.1 Title: The Art of Conversation Notes:

1. Conv’n—most easily tch’ble art

(a) Reqd. interest’g subject – hobbies
(b) Talk about other fellow’s int./hobby
(c) Win’g reptn. as good conversationalist
(i) good f’ship
(ii) charm’g wit
(iii) brl. mind

2. Fit subs, for conversationalist

(a) What subs, to avoid/select?
 (b) Avoid unpl’nt subs.
(i) sickness
(ii) death
(c) Avoid talk’g about self

3. Qualities of a good conversationalist

(a) What to say & how to say it
(b) ment’y quick & witty
(c) pleasant & unhurt’g
(d) avoid mannerisms.

4.

2.2 Conversation is the easiest and the most effective tool than other arts. To have such attractive
quality, you need to pick a subject that interest your listners more than you. Talk to your friends on
topics that can indulge your friends in the conversation for a longer period of time. Being a good
conversationalist, you have to quick and witty. You should have a pleasant and unhurting quality.
Mannerism should be avoided.

Note making Question:

1. Good decoration reflects the personality of the people who live in the home. It should, first of all,
be distinctive, just as each person is distinctive. A home should have unity
not only within each room but also throughout the house. Rooms should, to some degree,
harmonize with each other. The colour and styling of each room, particularly, should fit into the
colour and styling of the rooms which run out of it.

2. Attractive home furnishings set the stage for pleasant living. If they are an expression of yourself,
you will have a feeling of satisfaction every time you enter your home, and friends will share your
enjoyment.

3. However, furnishings and surroundings expressive of just the right note of restfulness, gay
informality, or elegant simplicity are not often assembled by accident. Even enthusiasm alone is not
enough. For most home decorators, it takes poring over plans, trying colour schemes, finding
ingenious ways to make the best of what you have, and shopping around to search out just the
right purchases at prices you can afford to pay. But there is keen pleasure in striving for the perfect
result, and great satisfaction in achieving it.

4. A successful house and successful rooms will depend upon the proper relationship of each element
in it to the others and to the whole. Therefore, in selecting each piece it is well to consider the
 background, the usage, the draperies, the floor covering, the upholstering materials, the woods,
shapes, colour scheme, and the “feeling” you prefer for the room.

5. Work and plan to enjoy your house. Limit the expenditures of time, effort and money to the extent
of your abilities, so that just running the house doesn’t dominate your life. Elegance and delicate
things may be a drain you can afford only in a limited way. If you can’t afford outside help, select a
house and furnishings that require less care. Plan your activities so that tumult and upset are
limited to a few rooms—an activity room or a bedroom, or a comer of the dining room.

6. You’ll get more pleasure out of a house if you have a hobby connected with it—collecting glass or
antiques, gardening or indoor flower growing ceramics, art, cooking, decorating, flower
arrangements, etc. And you’ll get more satisfaction and a great deal of help from studying
household activities.

7. You can select a pleasing combination of colours from a wallpaper, a fabric, an oriental mg, a flower
or scene, or even a picture in a magazine. If you don’t already have the furniture or mgs, it is a good
idea to make up a colour scheme in this way. Let one colour predominate. Limit a colour scheme to
two or three colours, with white or gray tones.