NORTHERN PARAMEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE OF PANABO,INC

Purok 4 Kalubihan, Cabaluna St., New Visayas, Panabo City

Tel. No.: (084) 823-3903
Phone No.: (TM) 0935 482 1916 / (SMART) 0939 340 6610
Email: northernparamedical@[Link]

MANILYN C. MANGOTARA
Faculty, Junior High School Department

Phone: 0912-5267-927
Email: manilynmangotara@[Link]
Facebook Acct: manilynmangotara

Dear Student,

Please find enclosed the course materials for the subject SCIENCE in Grade 7. I am
Manilyn C. Mangotara, your teacher for this subject. I will be your primary point of contact in
relation to any academic matters concerning this subject. My contact details are provided above.
Amid all the uncertainty and fear due to this pandemic, this will not hindrance our spirit to
continue our learnings. This school year is very challenging for all of us but we find ways on how
to deliver learnings to our dear students by means of a blended learnings (a combination of
module and online learnings). In one module, it consists of a 2-week lessons and activities. Each
week, students will have an activities and assignments to complete and will be submitted in the
next retrieval time. I encourage every student to refrain from using other names on your Facebook
account other than your real name so I can easily contact you or you can add me directly thru my
Facebook account provided above so that I can able to add you on a group chat I will be creating
for this subject where I will post topics and any additional information related to our lessons.
Attached is your first module coverage for first quarter. On a separate paper are series of
activities related to our topics discussed in your module which will be submitted on September 7.
If you have questions or clarifications with regards to our topics or lessons, you may contact me
during our time 1:00pm – 2:00pm.
Let me welcome you to your studies. I look forward to working with you throughout this
school year and would appreciate your feedback at any time.

Yours sincerely,

Manilyn C. Mangotara
 GRADE 7 - MODULE 1. SCIENCE AND THE INVESTIGATORY PROCESS

Learning Objectives:
1. The learners should be able to distinguishes between pure and applied science.
2. Creates an application of investigatory process;
3. Relates the investigatory process with technology and applied science; and
4. Applies the scientific method in conducting simple investigation, research, or
experiment.

WEEK 1

TOPIC 1: PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE

Science is the understanding of how the natural world works, with observable physical
evidence as the basis of that understanding. It attempts to make sense of the world around us by
combining observed facts and reasoning. Science came from a Latin word scientia which means
“knowledge". It refers to a system of acquiring knowledge which uses observation and
experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena.
The search for facts is known as pure science. The search for practical application of these
scientific facts is called applied science. Many applied sciences can be considered forms of
engineering. Applied science is important for technology development.
Technology involves the creation of product or instruments used in human interactions with
nature. Technology comes from the Greek technologia, which is a combination of "techne",
meaning "craft," and “logia” meaning “study”. When the word technology is used today, it is
most often used to refer to high technology — computers, cellphones, rockets — rather than
technology in general. But when anthropologists use the word "technology," they go all the way
back to the controlled use of fire, the invention of the wheel, and beyond. The first technological
tools were simple hand-axes made by our ancestors millions of years go. Technology is a product
of engineering and science. Science aims to understand the "why" and "how" of nature and
engineering seeks to shape the natural world to meet human needs and wants.

TOPIC 2 : THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE

The oldest written records of protoscientific investigations come from Mesopotamian cultures;
lists of astronomical observations, chemical substances, and disease symptoms, as well as a
variety of mathematical tables which were inscribed in cuneiform characters on clay tablets.
Among the first Greek scholars who sought the fundamental causes of natural phenomena
was the philosopher Thales, in the 6t century BC. He introduced the concept that the Earth was
a flat disk floating on water, the universal element. The mathematician and philosopher
Pythagoras established a movement in which mathematics became a discipline fundamental to
all scientific investigations.
The mathematician astronomer and geographer Eratosthenes made a remarkably accurate
measurement of the Earth. The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos espoused a heliocentric (sun-
centered) planetary system. The mathematician and inventor Archimedes laid the foundation of
mechanics and hydrostatics; the philosopher and scientist Theophrastus became the founder of
botany; the astronomer Hipparchus developed trigonometry; and the anatomists and physicians
Herophilus and Erasistratus based anatomy and physiology on dissection. The astronomer
Ptolemy advanced the geocentric (earth-centered) Ptolemaic System.
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the Earth revolved around the Sun,
upsetting the long-accepted Ptolemaic view that Earth was the center of the universe. Italian
astronomer Galileo Galilei revolutionized the world of science with contributions to astronomy and
the development of the scientific method. The Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius modernized
anatomy and led to the discovery of the circulation of the blood.
British physicist and chemist Michael Faraday made an astonishing number of important
discoveries in the field of electricity, including those leading to the development of the modern
electric motor, generator, and transformer. Experimentation was widened through the use of the
barometer by the Italian mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli, the pendulum clock
by the Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer Christiaan Huygens, and the vacuum
pump by the English physicist and chemist Robert Boyle, and the German physicist Otto von
Guericke. British naturalist Charles Darwin developed his theory of gradual evolution through
natural selection.
The British chemist and physicist John Dalton postulated the atomic theory of matter; the
electromagnetic theories by Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell, and the law of the
conservation of energy by the British physicist James Prescott Joule.

TOPIC 3 : FIELD OF STUDY IN SCIENCE

PURE NATURAL SCIENCES

Physical Sciences Field of Study
Physics Mechanics
Astronomy Cosmology
Chemistry Physical Chemistry
Geology Meteorology
Biological or Life Sciences Field of Study
Botany Physiology
Zoology Embryology
Anatomy
Genetics
Ecology

APPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Physical Sciences Applied Biological Sciences
Aeronautics Agronomy
Electronics Medicine
Engineering
Metallurgy

Interlocking relationships among the disciplines which arose to interdisciplinary sciences are
also recognized:
 Biochemistry Analytical chemistry
Biophysics Electrochemistry
Biomathematics Physical chemistry
Bioengineering Stereochemistry
Bioinformatics Thermochemistry

TOPIC 4 : NOTABLE INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

Date Invention or Discovery Inventor or Discoverer Nationality

1250 Magnifying Glass Roger Bacon English
1590 Compound Microscope Zacharias Jansen Dutch
1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch
1623 Submarine Cornelius Van Drebbel Dutch
1642 Adding Machine Blaise Pascal French
1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Italian
1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish
1769 Automobile Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot French
1816 Stethoscope René Laennec French
1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo Cristoph German
Schweigger
1830 Sewing machine Barthelemy Thimonnier French
1839 Vulcanized Rubber Charles Goodyear American
1866 Paper Cai Luna Chinese
1876 Telephone Alexander Graham Bell American
1877 Microphone Emile Beliner American
1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal German
1893 Gasoline Automobile Charles Duryea, Frank Duryea American
1895 X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German
1902 Air Conditioning Willis Carrier American
1903 Airplane Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright American
1903 Electrocardiograph Willem Einthoven Dutch
1910 Neon lamp George Claude French
1916 Gas-filled Incandescent Lamp Irving Langmuir American
1921 Insulin Frederick Grant Banting/Charles Canadian
Best
1929 Penicillin Alexander Fleming Scottish
1935 Electron Microscope German Scientist German
1938 Ballpoint pen George and Ladislao Biró Hungarian
1939 Helicopter Igor Sikorsky Russian
1943 Streptomycin Selman A. Waksman American
1945 Microwave Oven Percy L. Spencer American
1950 Color Television Peter Carl Goldmark American
1953 Polio Vaccine Jonas Salk American
 1954 Solar Battery Bell Telephone Laboratory American
Scientists
1960 Laser Theodore Maiman American
1972 Electronic Pocket Calculator J. S. Kilby and J. D. Merryman American
1973 Skylab Orbiting Space Lab U. S. Government Scientists American
1975 Fiber Optics Bell Laboratories American
1976 Supercomputer J. H. Van Tassel and Seymour American
Cray
1979 Compact disc Joop Sinjou, Toshi Tada Doi Dutch/Japanese
1981 Space shuttle NASA engineers American
1982 Artificial Heart Robert K. Jarvik American
1983 Scanning Tunneling Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer German/Swiss
Microscope
1992 Magnetic Boat Yoshiro Saji Japanese

WEEK 2

TOPIC 1 : SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE

Scientific method refers to the steps for developing and testing a scientific idea. It aims to develop
a reasonable explanation for observed facts.

Steps in Scientific Method:

1. Observe.
Scientific method begins with observation. Observation refers to all the information you
can gather through the use of the five senses. You observe all the time. Some observations
describe something using only words. These observations are called qualitative observations. If
you were making qualitative observations of a dog, you might use words such as furry, brown,
short-haired, or short-eared. Other observations describe how much of something there is. These
are quantitative observations and use numbers, as well as words, in the description. Tools or
equipment are used to measure the characteristic being described.

2. Identify the problem.

Observation leads to a question that identifies a problem. The scientist then raises a
question about what he sees. The question raised must have a concrete answer that can be
tested through an experiment.
3. Gather facts and information about the problem.
Before beginning an experiment, the scientist studies all the important information that has
something to do with the problem. This requires resourcefulness and orderliness.
4. Formulate a hypothesis.
The problem produces a hypothesis, a possible answer to the question or solution to the
problem. The scientist tries to explain what caused the problem observed. A scientist should have
scientific hunches in formulating hypothesis.
 How to Formulate Hypothesis Using the Scientific Method

A hypothesis is a concept that has yet to be verified, but if proved true, would explain
certain facts about a specific phenomena. In this step of the scientific method, questions and
observations are weighed and considered.

a. Create your hypothesis. Try phrasing the hypothesis as a question like “Does smoking cause
lung cancer?”
b. Formulate the hypothesis by making it a conditional statement like “Smoking may cause lung
cancer.”
c. Write a formalized hypothesis like “If smoking causes lung cancer, then individuals who smoke
have a higher frequency of developing the disease.” This type of “if-then” hypothesis is considered
the most useful.
d. Double check that your hypothesis contains variables. The researcher is in control of
independent variable in the experiment. The dependent variable, however, is merely observed in
the context of the experiment. For an experiment to be valid, it must contain at least two variables.
e. Verify that your hypothesis includes a subject group. A subject group defines who or what
the researcher is studying. In the example above, the subject group is the “smokers.”
f. Include a treatment or exposure in the experiment. A treatment is literally what is being done
to the subject group. In our example, the exposure is “smoke” or “smoking.”
g. Prepare for an outcome measure. This is a measurement concerned with how the treatment is
going to be assessed. The outcome measure in our smoking scenario is the frequency of smokers
developing cancer in subject population.
h. Understand your control group. The control group or placebo is a group similar to the subject
group, but this group does not receive the treatment. It is the population that the subject group is
compared to. In the smoking example, the control group is the non-smokers.

NOTE:
An "if-then" statement is only a hypothesis if it contains all the necessary requirements.
If the statement does not contain all the requirements, then it is merely a prediction.
The populations in the control group and the experimental group should be as similar as
possible to alleviate the possibility of forming biases.
5. Conduct an experiment.
The hypothesis must be tested by an experiment. All gathered data must be recorded and
analyzed. If to the expected results are obtained, that supports the hypothesis. This requires
thoroughness, accuracy and precision, patience, and being result-oriented.
Once you state a hypothesis, you probably want to find out whether or not it explains an
event or an observation. This requires a test. A hypothesis must be something you can test. To
test a hypothesis, you design and carry out an experiment. Experiments involve materials and
procedure. A procedure is the plan in that you follow in your experiment. A procedure tells you
what materials to use and how to use them.
6. Draw a conclusion.
Conclusions are the results of experimentation. It must be based entirely on facts
observed in the experiment. It should answer your objective or purpose in conducting
experiments. Are all experiments alike?
 Keep in mind, as you perform experiments in science, that not every experiment makes
use of all of the parts that have been described. For some, it may be difficult to design an
experiment that will always have a control. Other experiments are complex enough that it may be
hard to have only one dependent variable. Real scientists encounter many variations in the
methods that they use when they perform experiments.

OTHER ASPECTS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1. Creativity 4. Foundationalism
2. Aesthetics 5. Demarcation
3. Verification

COMMON MISTAKES IN APPLYING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1. The scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of the scientist's bias on the
outcome of an experiment. The most fundamental error is to mistake the hypothesis for
an explanation of a phenomenon, without performing experimental tests. Sometimes
'common sense" and "logic" tempt us into believing that no test is needed.
2. To ignore or rule out data which do not support the hypothesis. Sometimes, a scientist
may have a strong belief that the hypothesis is true (or false), or feels internal or external
pressure to get a specific result. In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to
find "something wrong, such as systematic effects, with data which do not support the
scientist's expectations, while data which do agree with those expectations may not be
checked carefully.
3. Mistake arises from the failure to estimate quantitatively systematic errors. There are
many examples of discoveries which were missed by experimenters whose data
contained a new phenomenon, but who explained it away as a systematic background.
4. In a field where there is active experimentation and open communication among members
of the scientific community, the biases of individuals groups may cancel out, because
experimental tests are repeated by different scientists who may have different biases. In
addition, different types of experimental set-up have different sources of systematic errors.
Over a period spanning a variety of experimental tests, a consensus develops in the
community as to which experimental results have stood the test of time.

HOW TO WRITE AN EXPERIMENT

1. Write a title for your experiment - this tells you what you are studying.
2. State your objective/s - this asks why you are conducting the experiment.
3. Write down the procedures.
- This is the step-by-step process in performing your experiment.
4. Record your observations.
- This helps you to find out the answer to your objective/s and serves as basis
for your analysis and conclusion.
5. State your conclusion.
- This should answer your objective/s and is based on the evidences you have
collected from your observations.
TOPIC 2 : BASIC LABORATORY RULES

In working in the laboratory, rules should be followed before, during, and after the experiment is
done.
1. Pre-laboratory procedures
- Wear laboratory gown
- Fill up the requisition slip completely for needed materials
- Check the quantity and condition of the materials
- Prepare the apparatus.

2. Laboratory Proper Fig. 6.1. A student observing safety procedures

- Set up the apparatus on the experiment table

- Gather around the working table so that everyone can clearly observe the experiment
procedures and processes.
- Follow the procedures strictly.
- Record important observations.
- Record data and results.
3. Post-laboratory Procedures
- Present or pass the workbooks or experiment papers (group leaders may collect).
- Clean and return the materials and apparatus in their proper places.
- Clean the table area and dispose wastes properly.

TOPIC 3: COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

APPARATUS USE/APPLICATION
1. Alcohol lamp Source of light and heat
Measuring large quantity of liquid and used as container for
2. Beaker
boiling liquid mixture
3. Bunsen Burner
Heating purposes

4. Burette Outlet to measure volume of liquid or quantity of gas

5. Clamp Grip and support for holding a substance to avoid direct
contact
6. Crucible Melting substances
7. Crucible Tong Holding hot materials or apparatus
Heating solution that may be evaporated to leave the dissolved
8. Evaporating Dish
substances as a precipitate or residue
Pouring liquids and solids and to hold the filter paper in
9. Funnel
filtration
Measuring small and exact amount of liquid chemicals or
10. Graduated Cylinder
substances

References:
• Madamba, Jason (2016). Experiencing Science. An Activity-based Worktext for Grade 7 (pp 2-20)
• Bernas, V., Macalalad, E., Macalalad, R.L.,Magleo, L. (2016). Exploring the Realms of Science 7
(pp 7-15)
NAME: ______________________________________ SECTION: ______________________

INSTRUCTION: Write your output for our activities in a separate paper if necessary.

GRADE 7 - WEEK 1 – ACTIVITY 1. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

Instruction: Identify the problem in the picture below and make your own hypothesis.

ACTIVITY 2. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Perform the following activity:

1. You are going to heat the aluminum can with an alcohol lamp, but before doing so, formulate
your hypothesis. Write as many as you can.

2. Provide the following materials:

empty aluminum can (soft drinks can) rubber band
alcohol lamp or candle soft plastic bag
3. Assemble the materials:
• Place the soft plastic on the lid of the aluminum can.
• Wrap it around the lid with a rubber tightly.
4. Now heat the can for about 2 minutes. Observe what happens. Record your observations.
(Be careful in heating the can. See to it that the flame will not touch the plastic.)

5. Are all your hypotheses correct? ______________________________________________

6. What conclusion can you make out of the experiment you have performed?
As you perform this investigation, you will:
• become familiar with the steps of the scientific method
• use the scientific method of thinking how to solve a problem.

Answer the following questions and write your answers on the space provided after each number.
1. The first step of a scientific method is to identify the problem you wish to solve. What is the
problem in this activity?
2. After you identify the problem, it is time to make observations. What do you see?
3. Next, the data from your observations must be organized. What factors do you think play a part
in your observations?
 WEEK 2 - ACTIVITY 1. LABORATORY APPARATUS.

Instruction. Study carefully the picture below and identify the numbered laboratory apparatus
and write also their functions.

ACTIVITY 2. GENERALIZATION

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

____ 1. In what step of the Scientific Method do you ask a question?

a. Conclusion b. Problem c. Hypothesis d. Information
_____ 2. In what step of the Scientific Method do you go to the library or ask an expert?
a. Conclusion b. Hypothesis c. Problem d. Information
_____ 3. The possible answer to the problem.
a. Hypothesis b. Conclusion c. Data d. Experiment
_____ 4. The actual answer to the problem.
a. Hypothesis b. Data c. Conclusion d. Information
_____ 5. The variable that you change in the experiment. Also called the manipulated variable.
a. Controlled b. Dependent c. Independent d. Responding
_____ 6. The variable that changes because you changed the other variable. Also called the
responding variable.
a. Dependent b. Independent c. Controlled d. Manipulated
_____ 7. The group in the experiment that does not get the variable is called the ____ group.
a. Dependent b. Control c. Independent d. Responding
_____ 8. The variables in the experiment that do not change are called the __________ variables.
a. Controlled b. Independent c. Dependent d. Manipulated
_____ 9. Recorded observations and measurements.
a. Information b. Conclusion c. Hypothesis d. Data
_____ 10. The conclusion is based on the results of the _____________.
a. Information b. Hypothesis c. Experiment d. Problem
Grade 7 - Week 2 - Activity 1

1. Iron ring is used together with the iron stand to support experiment setup
2. Watch glasses are for holding small samples or for covering beakers or evaporating dishes.
3. Test tube racks are laboratory equipment used to hold upright multiple test tubes at the same
time. It is a safe anchor for test tubes
4. Clamp is used to hold apparatus in suspended form
5. Crucible tongs are similar in function to forceps but are useful for larger items.
6. Test tube holders are for holding test tubes when tubes are heated.
7. Erlenmeyer Flasks are useful to contain reactions or to hold liquid samples. They are also
useful to catch filtrates.
8. Funnels are for funneling liquids or solid from one container to another or for filtering when
equipped with filter paper.
9. Volumetric Flasks are used to measure precise volumes of liquid or to make precise dilutions.
10. Spatula is used to scoop solid chemicals
11. Hose clamp is used to clamp rubber tubing
12. Tripod is used to support heating setup
13. Beakers are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solid samples. They are also
used to catch liquids from titrations and filtrates from filtering operations.
[Link] burner is used for heating purposes
[Link] stand is used as support in many laboratory setups

Week 2 - Activity 2
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. b
8. a
9. d
10 c