Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
History of the Earth
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: History of the Earth
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author : Kate E. Lapid
Co-Author – Language Editor : Felina L. Sarmiento, PhD.
Co-Author – Content Evaluator : Jeshamenme A. Baluyot
Co-Author – Illustrator : Kate E. Lapid
Co-Author – Layout Artist : Melanie M. Pendon
Team Leaders:
School Head : Amelinda A. Fandialan
LRMDS Coordinator : Donna T. Santos-Villanueva
SDO-BATAAN MANAGEMENT TEAM:
Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Senior HS : Danilo S. Caysido
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS : Joan T. Briz
Division Librarian II, LRMDS : Rosita P. Serrano
REGIONAL OFFICE 3 MANAGEMENT TEAM:
Regional Director : May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS : Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, ADM : Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education –
Schools Division of Bataan
Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@[Link]
What I Need to Know
This module is written to help the student to know how the stratification or
rocks occurs and what are the agents that cause layering of rocks.
1. Explain how the movement of plates lead to the formation of folds and faults.
(S11/12ES-Ie-22).
2. Describing how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed (S11/12ES-Ie-25).
3. Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the
age of stratified rocks (S11/12ES-Ie-26).
4. Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions
of geologic time (S11/12ES-Ie-27).
3. Describe how the Earth’s history can be interpreted from the geologic time scale
(S11/12ES-Ie-29).
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Acquire familiarity with the Geologic Time Scale;
2. Show the contributions of different personalities in the establishment of the
Geologic Time Scale;
3. Describe how relative and absolute dating were used to subdivide geologic time;
4. Appreciate the immensity of geologic time and recognize that the Earth has a very
long history;
5. Identify the timing and duration of the major events in Earth’s History;
6. Recognize how short human history is in relation to the history of the Earth.
1
What I Know
Direction:
1. Interview one of your family members by the following question:
a. How old are you?
b. What are the significant periods that you remember that happen to your
life?
2. Plot the following in a timeline, to highlight each period.
3. Differentiate the history of your family member to the history of the world. What
would be the similarities? differences?
2
Lesson
Deformation of Crust
1
This module will help you to understand the process of stratification.
We will discuss how a single rock can be divided into small fragments or
sediments, and then will become a part of layers of rock.
But before you start answering the different activities; please be guided
by the following concept.
Crustal Displacement
Movement of Soil
Distortion of
Terrain
3
What’s In
Direction: Classify the following words and phrases in “WORD POOL”
whether it is from Sea Floor Spreading Hypothesis, Continental Drift Theory
or Plate Tectonic.
boundary rifts Pangea
division of landmass Ocean Ridges
Asia divergent transform
convergent molten magma
Sea Floor Spreading Continental Drift Plate Tectonic
Hypothesis Theory
This module was designed and written to help you to be able to
demonstrate an understanding of how the planet Earth evolved in
the last 4.6 billion years.
4
What’s New
Direction: Ready the materials needed for the activity then follow the
direction given, do not forget to answer the guide question.
Materials:
1 container 1 cup of red soil 1 cup of sand
1 liter of water 1 cup of black soil board
Procedure:
1. In separate cup, put 100ml of water in each type of soil (black, red, sand) or
until it thickens or become wet.
2. Slowly pour the sand in the container using the board with an inclination of
45°.
3. Let sit and dry, expose the mixture in the sun and pound it to compress the
soil but remember to not crash the dry mixture.
4. Pour the mixture of water and red soil (mud) in the same container.
4. Repeat procedure three before pouring the mixture of water and black soil
then repeat the third step for the last time.
5. Observe what happen to the three kind of soil.
Guide Questions:
1. What happen to the soil? Does it form layers or not?
2. What are the different agents affecting this phenomenon?
3. What would be the best example of it in our environment?
5
What is It
Direction: Make a story board on how stratified rock was formed using the
photos and names.
Weathering is a Erosion is process Deposition is a
process wherein rocks wherein rocks are worn process wherein
breakdown into small away or transported by sediments are added to
pieces. natural forces. lower landforms.
Compaction is a Cementation is a Stratified Rock is the
process wherein process wherein type of rock that is
pressure helps to lose fragments and rocks formed by
the porosity of rocks. are glued together. stratification.
6
What’s More
Direction: Relate the movement of the crust in the formation of stratified
rocks.
Convergent Movement makes the moving plates in the opposite
directions meet in some point that makes the other to subduct.
Divergent Movement makes the moving adjacent plates pull apart that
causes spaces between the slabs.
Transform Movement makes the plates slide passing each other causing
earthquakes.
7
Lesson
1 History of the Earth
Relative Dating is a qualitative method while Absolute Dating a quantitative
method that is used to identify the age of stratified rocks.
What is It
Direction: Categorize the following words related to rocks by completing the
table.
RELATIVE DATING METHOD ABSOLUTE DATING METHOD
8
What’s More
Direction: Go from the “START” to the “END” by labeling the different eons
and era based on significant events that happen that can be seen on different
boxes below.
2 3
START
1
PRECAMBRIAN HADEAN ARCHEAN
6 4
5
PALEOZOIC PHANEROZOIC
7
MESOZOIC
PROTEROZOIC
8
CENOZOIC END
Represents 80% of Age of “Ancient Life” ; Rapid Oxygen level reaches
Earth’s history diversification of life as represented 3% of the atmosphere
Eon of “Hidden Life” by the Cambrian Fauna; Dominance Rise of multicellular
fossil record obscure. of marine invertebrates; Plants and organisms represented
Animals colonize land; Oxygen level by the Vendian Fauna
Eon of “visible life” in the Atmosphere approaches Formation of the
Diversification of life. present day concentration; Massive protective Ozone Layer
Life forms with Extinction at the end atmosphere
preservable hard parts
Age of Mammals; Radiation of modern birds; Early Primates;
Anaerobic;No Ozone; Continents near present-day position; First hominids; Modern
Photosynthetic huma; Global ice ages begin
prokaryotes emerged
and started releasing Chaotic time, lots of meteorite bombardment; Atmosphere
oxygen to the reducing CHO4, NH3, CO2; Start of the hydrologic cycle and the
Atmosphere; Life formation of the world oceans;Life emerged in this “hostile”
forms still limited to environment
prokaryotes until
when Eukaryotes Dominance of reptiles and dinosaurs; Pangea starts to break-
emerged. apart; Early mammals; First birds; First flowering plants; Mass
Extinction at the end of the Cretaceous
9
What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the fishbone below by writing the significant event
happen based on the History of the Earth.
HADEAN PROTEROZOIC PALEOZOIC CENOZOIC
ARCHEAN PHANEROZOIC MESOZOIC
Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)
Content All the facts and Some facts and The diagram does
(2x) information are information are not not cater the
present to the present to the diagram. information.
diagram
Coherence The words have Some words are not There is no
oneness of idea. aligned with other. oneness of idea.
10
What I Can Do
Direction: Choose 3 boxes to answer. Write your answer on the space
provided.
TIC-TAC-TOE
1. What method is best 2. Why do we need to 3. What method is
to use in knowing the study the age of the best to use in knowing
age of Sedimentary stratified rocks? the age of Metamorphic
rock? Why? rock? Why?
4. What is the 5. What do you think
importance of these will happen to
methods in Geology? EUREKA! mankind if one of the
causes of major
extinction happens
today? Why?
6. Do this topic have 7. What method is 8. Relate the methods
significance to our best to use in knowing in your own life.
daily life? Cite some the age of Igneous
examples. rock? Why?
Question: ______________________________________________________
Answer: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Question: ______________________________________________________
Answer: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Question: ______________________________________________________
Answer: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
11
Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)
Content All the facts and Some facts and The diagram
(2x) information are information are not does not cater
present to the present to the the information.
diagram diagram.
Coherence The words have Some words are not There is no
oneness of idea. aligned with other. oneness of idea.
Assessment
Direction: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided beside the number.
_____1. This is a layer of rock that is dense and compacted.
a. Clastic Rock c. Non-stratified Rock
b. Non-Clastic Rock d. Stratified Rock
_____ 2. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are glued together.
a. Cementation b. Erosion
c. Compaction d. Weathering
_____ 3. It is an era where the fish, insects and amphibians dominated the Earth.
a. Cambrian c. Mesozoic
b. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 4. It is a phase of stratification wherein fragments are moved by ice, water or
wind.
12
a. Cementation c. Erosion
c. Deposition d. Weathering
_____5. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are squeezed and loses its
porosity.
a. Cementation c. Erosion
b. Compaction d. Weathering
_____6. It is an era where the reptiles dominated the Earth.
a. Cambrian c. Mesozoic
b. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 7. It is a movement wherein adjacent plates pull apart with each other.
a. Convergent c. Transform
b. Divergent d. Transverse
_____ 8. It is a movement wherein opposite plates meets and one plate is dragged
downward.
a. Transverse c. Convergent
b. Divergent d. Transform
_____ 9. It is an era where mammals and birds adapt and dominated the Earth.
a. Cambrian c. Mesozoic
b. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 10. This process involves water that solidifies causing the rock to break.
a. Biological Weathering c. Mechanical Weathering
b. Chemical Weathering d. Physical Weathering
_____ 11. This is an era wherein protective ozone layer was formed.
13
a. Archean c. Phanerozoic
b. Hadean d. Proterozoic
_____ 12. It is a combined set of ages.
a. Eon c. Era
b. Epoch d. Period
_____ 13. It is a pre-Cambrian eon that has a time interval of 2500 to 570 million
years.
a. Archean c. Phanerozoic
b. Hadean d. Proterozoic
_____ 14. It is the phase of stratification wherein big rocks are breakdown into
smaller pieces.
a. Compaction c. Erosion
b. Deposition d. Weathering
_____15. The following are examples of common cementing agent EXCEPT:
a. Calcite c. Silica
b. Hematite d. Sodium
14
Additional Activities
Direction: Cut the PIZZA below based on the percentages of each
Geologic Time Scale.
LEGEND:
ERA/ EON Percentage
Hadean Eon 17%
Archean Eon 29%
Proterozoic Eon 42%
Palaeozoic Era 7%
Mesozoic Era 4%
Cenozoic Era 1%
15
16
What is it
RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING
qualitative quantitative
Sedimentary Metamorphic/ Igneous
Specific General
Fast Slow
Order of formation Order of formation
Age identifier Age identifier
What’s More
Convergent – two plates moves towards each
other will produce anticline, then eventually
become a stratified rock.
What is it
Divergent – two plates moves opposite to
Weathering – The bigger rocks break into smaller pieces by
each other will produce syncline, then
means of physical, chemical, biological and chemical weathering.
eventually become a stratified rock.
Erosion – The sediments will be moved by wind or water in lower
Transform- two plates that slides together
parts of the area.
can cause earthquake, then later on produce
Deposition - The sediments will settle on one particular area.
a volcanic activity that will erupt a new set of
Compaction – The sediments will continuously pressurize by the
layer.
weight of other rocks at the top most layer that makes it lose its
porosity.
Cementation – The sediments will be glue by different minerals
from the water and it will produce different layer of rocks.
What’s New
1. The soil hardens from time to time
and creates different layers.
2. The two agents that affect the
What is in
process are heat and pressure.
Sea Floor Spreading Continental Drift Theory Plate Tectonic
3. The layers of rock forming
Rift Pangaea Transform
throughout the years that can be seen
Ocean ridges Asia Convergent
in beaches.
Molten magma Boundary Divergent
Division of landmass
Answer Key
17
What I have learned
The Precambrian Hadean Eon Archean Eon Proterozoic Eon
a. Represents 80% b. Chaotic time, lots of meteorite a. Anaerobic (lack of oxygen) a. Oxygen level reaches
of Earth’s history bombardment b. No Ozone ~ 3% of the atmosphere
b. Eon of “Hidden c. Atmosphere reducing (Methane, c. Photosynthetic prokaryotes (blue b. Rise of multicellular
Life” – fossil rcord Ammonia, CO2) green algae) emerged and started organisms represented
obscure. d. Start of the hydrologic cycle and releasing oxygen to the by the Vendian Fauna
the formation of the world oceans atmosphere c. Formation of the
e. Life emerged in this “hostile” d. Life forms still limited to protective Ozone Layer
environment prokaryotes until 2.7 Ga when
Eukaryotes emerged.
Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era (
a. Eon of “visible d. Age of “Ancient Life” a. Age of Reptiles a. Age of Mammals
life” e. Rapid diversification of life as b. Dominance of reptiles and b. Radiation of modern
b. Diversification of represented by the Cambrian dinosaurs birds
life. Many life forms Fauna c. Pangea starts to break-apart by c. Early Primates
represented in the f. Dominance of marine d. Early mammals d. Continents near
fossil record invertebrates e. First birds present-day positions
c. Life forms with g. Plants and animals colonize f. First flowering plants e. First hominids
preservable hard land g. Mass Extinction at the end of the f. Modern humans
parts h. Oxygen level in the Atmosphere Cretaceous g. Global ice ages begin
approaches present day
concentration
i. Massive Extinction at the end
(End of Permian Extinction)
RUBRICS for WHAT’S MORE ACTIVITY
Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)
Content (2x) All the facts and Some facts and The table has
information are present information are not many errors.
in the table. present in the table.
Connection All of the facts are Most of the facts are The written facts
connected to the connected to the and information
movement of plate movement of plate are not connected
tectonics tectonics
Additional Activities’
Geologic Time Scale
4% 1%
7% 17%
Hadean
Archean
Proterozoic
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
29%
42% Cenozoic Era
d 15. 5. b 10. d
d 14. 4. c 9. b
d 13. 3. d 8. c
d 12. 2. a 7. b
d 11. 1. b 6. c
ASSESSMENT
18
