Department of Main Roads Chapter 17

Road Planning and Design Manual Lighting

17

Chapter 17
Lighting

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 Department of Main Roads Chapter 17
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Manual Contents
Chapter 1
Framework of the Road Planning Chapter 12
and Design Manual Vertical Alignment

17
Chapter 2 Chapter 13
Design Philosophy Intersections at Grade

Chapter 3
Chapter 14
Road Planning and Design
Roundabouts
Fundamentals
Chapter 4
Chapter 15
Application of Design Principles
Auxiliary Lanes
and Standards
Chapter 5
Chapter 16
Traffic Parameters and Human
Interchanges
Factors

Chapter 6 Chapter 17
Speed Parameters Lighting

Chapter 7 Chapter 18
Cross Section Traffic signals

Chapter 8
Chapter 19
Safety Barriers and Roadside
Intelligent Transport Systems
Furniture

Chapter 9 Chapter 20
Sight Distance Roadside Amenities

Chapter 21
Chapter 10
Railway and Cane Railway Level
Alignment Design
Crossings
Chapter 22
Chapter 11
Bridges, Retaining Walls and
Horizontal Alignment
Tunnels

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Table of Contents
17.1 Scope 17-1

17.2 Definitions 17-1

17.3 Objectives of Public Lighting 17-2

17.4 Public Lighting Tariffs 17-3 17

17.4.1 General 17-3

17.4.2 Public Lamps - Tariff 71 17-3

17.5 Warrants for Main Roads Public Lighting 17-3

17.5.1 General 17-3

17.5.2 Intersection, Roundabout, Motorway and Interchange Lighting 17-3

17.5.3 Route Lighting 17-9

17.5.4 Supplementary Lighting at Pedestrian Crossings 17-10

17.5.5 Vehicle Inspection Sites 17-10

17.5.6 Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes 17-11

17.6 Requirements for Rate 1 and 2 Public Lighting 17-11

17.7 Requirements for Main Roads Rate 3 Public Lighting 17-12

17.7.1 General 17-12

17.7.2 Design 17-12

17.7.3 Equipment 17-13

17.7.4 Road Lighting Pole Placement Guidelines 17-14

17.7.5 Installation 17-17

17.7.6 Wiring Details 17-18

17.7.7 Switching Arrangements for Luminaire Control 17-18

17.7.8 Conduit Alignment 17-18

17.8 Landscaping 17-18

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Table of Contents
References 17-19

Appendix 17A: Road Lighting Documentation 17-20

Appendix 17B: Certificate of Compliance and Design Documentation 17-22

17 Appendix 17C: Maintenance Schedule 17-24

Appendix 17D: Wiring Details - Rate 3 Public Lighting Installations 17-26

Appendix 17E : Rate 2 design process in Energex’s area. Process for
DMR Establishing Streetlighting 17-28

Figures
Figure 17.1 Warrants for Consideration of Road Lighting 17-4

Figure 17.2 Extent of Lighting at an Intersection 17-5

Figure 17.3 Flag Lighting at Isolated Intersections 17-6

Figure 17.4 Flag Lighting at Train Crossing 17-7

Figure 17.5 Extent of lighting for exit ramps for rural motorways 17-9

Figure 17.6 Extent of Lighting for Entry Ramps for Rural Motorways 17-9

Figure 17.7 Vehicle Inspection Site Requirements 17-11

Figure 17.8 Design Clearances 17-16

Figure 17.9 Dynamic Clearances 17-17

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Chapter 17 Amendments - August 2004

Revision Register

Issue/ Reference Authorised

17
Description of Revision Date
[Link] Section By
1 First Issue Steering June 2001
Committee
2 17.5.2 New Section-Intersection, Roundabout Motor-
way and Interchange Lighting
17.5.6 New Section-Lighting in the Vicinity of Aero-
dromes.
17.5.5 New Section-Vehicle Inspection Sites.

17.7.4 New sub-section-Lighting on or in the Vicinity of

Bridges
17.7.4 New sub-section- Underpasses and Tunnels

17.7.4 New sub-section-Semi-Rigid and Flexible Road-

side Barriers Steering August
17.7.4 New sub-section- Constructional Clearances Committee 2004
17.7.8 New Section- Conduit Alignment

17A Revised (Presentation information removed and

to be added to Drafting and Design Presentation
Standards)
17C Revised

17E New Section- Rate 2 Design Process in

Energex’s area.
All Amended to agree with Austroads, Guide to
Traffic Engineering Practices, Part 7

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Chapter 17
Lighting

17.1 Scope 17.2 Definitions

This Chapter describes the Standard For the purposes of this standard, the
Conditions for the Provision of Public
Lighting Services for the design, installation
definitions given in the following apply: 17
and maintenance of public lighting • AS/NZS 1158 “Road Lighting”;
installations thoughout Queensland. It
• AS 1348.1 Road and Traffic Engineering
is prepared on the basis of assisting - Glossary of Terms;
road designers to make the necessary
allowances for lighting in their designs. • AS 1798 Australian Standard; Lighting
Detailed design of the lighting itself is to be Poles and Bracket arms - Preferred
carried out by the relevant specialists. Dimensions;

The conditions cover Rate 1, 2 and 3 • AS 3000 SAA Wiring Rules; and
lighting. This Chapter should be read in
conjunction with the following: • AS 1158.6 Lighting for roads and public
spaces - Luminaires.
• AS/NZS 1158 “Road Lighting”;

• Department of Main Roads Standing Approved Contractor - shall mean a

Offer Arrangement No. 19: “Road Private Company or Public Body authorised
Lighting Poles and Outreach Arms”; by the Electricity Supply Corporation to
install public lighting.
• Department of Main Roads Standing
Offer Arrangement No. 25: “Road Channelisation - a system of controlling
Lighting Luminaires”; traffic by the introduction of an island or
islands or markings on a carriageway to
• Queensland Department of Main direct traffic into predetermined paths,
Roads, Standard Drawings Roads; usually at an intersection or junction.
• Queensland Department of Main Motorway – A declared Motorway or a
Roads, Standard Specifications divided highway performing a motorway
Roads; function for though traffic with full control
of access and with interchanges provided
• Queensland Transmission and Supply
at intersections where access to the local
Corporation (QTSC): “QTSC Group -
Standard Conditions for the Provision road system is required.
of Public Lighting Services”; and
Point of Supply - The point of supply
• Queensland Department of Main Roads, determined by the Electricity Supply
Drafting and Design Presentation Corporation after negotiation with the
Standards. Public Body.

Public Body - The public body defined as

by the Queensland Department of Main
Roads (i.e. Main Roads).

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Public Lighting Tariff - A tariff set by the AS/NZ1158 classifies Public Lighting into
Regulator and levied for the provision of two broad categories:
Rate 1, 2 or 3 lighting. These tariffs are only (a) Category V Lighting - Lighting which is
available to Public Bodies. applicable to roads on which the visual
requirements of motorists are dominant.
QTSC - The Queensland Transmission
(e.g. major roads).
and Supply Corporation and shall include
all Electricity Supply Corporations within (b) Category P Lighting - Lighting which is
Queensland. applicable to roads and outdoor public
17 Rate 1 Lighting - Public lighting supplied,
areas where the visual requirements of
pedestrians are dominant (e.g. minor
installed, owned and maintained by the roads, car parks, pathways, etc).
Electricity Supply Corporation.

Rate 2 Lighting - Public lighting owned Objectives for Category V “Vehicular

and maintained by the Electricity Supply Traffic Lighting”
Corporation. Either the Electricity Supply
Corporation or an Approved Contractor may The objective of major road lighting is
install the lighting. to provide a lighted environment that is
conducive to the safe and comfortable
Rate 3 Lighting - Public lighting supplied, movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic
installed, owned and maintained by the at night. However, the visual requirements of
Public Body. the motorist predominate.

Regulator - A defined in the Electricity Act. To accomplish this, the lighting shall reveal
necessary visual information. This will
SOA - Main Roads’ Standing Offer consist of the alignment of the road ahead,
Arrangement with a supplier. kerbs, footpaths, road furniture and surface
imperfections, together with other road users
AADT - Annual Average Daily Traffic in
including pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles,
vehicles per day (vpd).
and their movements, and any other animate
Urban Area - For road lighting purposes, or inanimate obstacles.
“urban area” is defined as an area where
A public lighting scheme designed and
a network of cross streets exist, and the
installed according to the requirements
section of road in question is constructed
of AS/NZ1158 (Category V) achieves the
with a paved roadway, kerbs, gutters and
above requirements.
footpaths, or along which the frontages are
substantially developed with residential, Objectives for Category P “Pedestrian
retail, commercial or industrial premises. Area Lighting”

17.3 Objectives of Public The objective of pedestrian area lighting is

to provide a lighted environment to assist
Lighting
pedestrians to orient themselves, detect
In order to realise Main Roads objectives, potential hazards and to discourage crime
lighting shall be in accordance with the against both person and property.
requirements of AS/NZ1158 and employ the The lighting, with certain exceptions, is not
use of sound traffic engineering and safety meant to provide drivers with adequate
principles. In the context of this standard, visibility if motor vehicle traffic is present at
public lighting is the lighting of roads and
other public thoroughfares.
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the location; for this the vehicle headlights 17.5.2 Intersection,

are used. The exceptions are where there Roundabout, Motorway
is interactive pedestrian and vehicular
activity in designated areas (e.g. transport
and Interchange Lighting
interchanges, car parks).
General Provision
A public lighting scheme designed and Lighting shall be considered at intersections
installed according to the requirements with channelisation where traffic volumes
of AS/NZ1158 (Category P) achieves the

17
(i.e. AADTs) approximating those given in
above requirements. Figure 17.1 are encountered. This figure also
gives the category of lighting to be applied in
17.4 Public Lighting Tariffs accordance with AS/NZ1158.

Where intersection channelisation is in the

17.4.1 General
form of raised islands or medians, lighting
shall be provided over the extent of that
All lighting tariffs are set by the Regulator
channelisation in accordance with AS/
and are reviewed at regular intervals.
NZ1158 regardless of the vehicle volumes.
Turning roadway kerb does not require
17.4.2 Public Lamps - Tariff 71
lighting, as it is not considered “raised
Public lighting charges are to cover specific channelisation” for road lighting design.
installations, operation and energy costs for Where intersection channelisation is in the
Rate 1, 2 and 3 lighting installations. form of painted islands or medians, lighting
For current relevant charges refer to the may not be required if retroreflectorised
Regulator or the local Electricity Supply signage and pavement markers are installed
Corporation. and deemed adequate for delineation
of the intersection. However, a further
These installations are unmetered and the determination should be made with reference
charges are based upon lamp type, wattage to the “Special Cases” sub-section as to the
and operation by a Photo electric (P.E.) cell appropriateness of lighting.
or other switching controller and charged on
a rate per lamp on an annual basis.

17.5 Warrants for Main

Roads Public Lighting
17.5.1 General
Road lighting shall be determined by
consideration of the warrants set out below.
However, it should be recognised that, while
warrants may or may not be met, all relevant
factors need to be taken into consideration
and sound engineering judgement exercised
as to the need and/or appropriateness of
road lighting.

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Figure 17.1 Warrants for Consideration of Road Lighting

Intersection Design Area Note:- The designer should exercise

some judgement ascertaining whether this
If Category V lighting is deemed necessary at
additional lighting is covered under the extent
an intersection because of the traffic volumes,
of the intersection conflict points or changes
or for any special road safety concerns, then
in carriageway width to avoid unnecessary
the minimum design area shall comprise the
costs in over extending the design limits
surface of the carriageway extending at least
(refer Figure 17.2).
10m beyond the prolongation of the kerb
lines of the intersecting roads. This shall be
Where the intersecting roads have
further extended to include raised islands
comparable traffic volumes then the
and medians, changes in road alignment
additional 2 spans of lighting as detailed
and locations of potential traffic conflict in or
above shall be provided on each approach.
near the intersection.
In addition to this minimum design area, an To aid in the identification of the intersection
additional 2 spans of lighting shall be provided for motorists approaching from a side road
on the main though road approaches in ensure that one luminaire is located in each
accordance with AS/NZS1158.1.1 Clause side road approach (refer Figure 17.2).
[Link].

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Figure 17.2 Extent of Lighting at an Intersection

Where painted channelisation is present, the (a) Restricted Visibility where traffic facilities
use of retroreflectorised raised pavement are not visible at night over an approach
markers in accordance with the Manual of distance of:
Uniform Traffic Control Devices” (MUTCD)
section 4.6 is highly recommended to define • 120m in a 60km/h zone, or
the extent of the intersection.
• 200m in a 100km/h zone.
Special Cases
(b) Adverse conditions such as:
Provision of lighting under special cases
• road location and geometry;
is subject to the approval of the District
Director. • background lighting (including offset of
opposing headlights);
For traffic volumes less than those requiring
lighting according to Figure 17.1, or at • weather conditions (such as frequent
intersections without raised channelisation, fog);
other conditions that may require
consideration for the provision of intersection • separate needs of pedestrians indicates
lighting include: the existence of a special road safety
risk; or

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• High night to day accident ratio (eg. lighting is installed, as there will only be one
Ratio > 1.3:1). or two luminaires around the immediate
vicinity of the intersection. These are used
(c) Painted channelisation or auxiliary to draw the attention of the motorists to the
passing lanes in cases such as: presence of an intersection from a sufficient
• predominant heavy right turn volumes, distance away. (e.g. Figure 17.3)

A maximum 150W luminaire should be used

• predominant movements of heavy
at a mounting height of 10.5m.

17
vehicles, or
Examples of some special locations that
• tourist areas where drivers are not
familiar with local conditions. may require consideration are as follows:
• Isolated intersections in fog prone areas.
(d) Flag Lighting These locations may require one or two
luminaires so that on foggy nights the
In practice there will be locations that will turn-off can be readily identified.
require lighting for indication purposes only
or to highlight isolated localised conflicts • Train Crossings where there is regular
even though the requirements of the above shunting or the crossing is frequently
blocked at night. These sites may
mentioned warrants are not met. Such
require one luminaire situated on either
lighting is known as “flag” lighting. These
side of the road in appropriate locations
locations may require special treatment that
to provide lighting in accordance with
is not strictly in accordance with the lighting AS/NZ1158 only on the actual rail
objectives of AS/NZ1158. However, where crossing conflict. For example on a 9m
the above mentioned warrants exist, full road carriageway a luminaire located 20m
lighting shall be provided. from the track on either side as shown
in Figure 17.4 will provide approximately
Any “flag” lighting used must not constitute V5 coverage on the crossing conflict.
a safety hazard. Only dished prismatic bowl
type luminaires are to be used where flag • Painted channelised intersections not
provided with code lighting.

Figure 17.3 Flag Lighting at Isolated Intersections

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• Luminaires shall be located and their The provision of route lighting on all motorway
light directed so as not to interfere with, facilities can reduce night accidents by
or obscure visibility of either road or improving traffic operations in congested
railway devices. conditions, where position relative to traffic
lanes and adjacent vehicles is important.
Reduce glare from vehicle headlights and
can also be of significant benefit during
emergencies, particularly where there may

17
be pedestrian/emergency services activity
on the carriageway.

The provision of isolated lighting at

interchanges may be justified at lower
volumes than continuous motorway lighting.
This may be a staged development of
future continuous motorway lighting aimed
at improving the level of safety and traffic
Figure 17.4 Flag Lighting at Train Crossing service in the following situations (listed in
order of precedence):
Signalised Intersections and Signalised (i) Ramp intersections, including the service
Mid Block Pedestrian Crossings road between these intersections where
closely spaced lamps are involved.
At locations involving the upgrading or
installation of traffic signals, intersection (ii) At ramp exits, including gore areas.
lighting to Category ‘V’ standard should
be provided regardless of the road lighting (iii) At ramp entries, including gore areas.
categories or traffic volumes of the
(iv) Along ramps, particularly where
intersecting roads.
substandard alignment is involved.
Roundabouts
(v) At merge, diverge and weaving areas on
the motorway.
As for signalised intersections, Category ‘V’
lighting should be provided on roundabouts
regardless of the road lighting categories or Motorways in Urban Areas
traffic volumes of the intersecting roads.
The following guidelines are suggested in
Motorways and Interchanges respect to the provision of lighting on urban
motorways.
This sub-section applies to all declared (a) Continuous full motorway lighting is
motorways and all divided highways for warranted where one or more of the
though traffic that have no access for traffic following conditions exist:
between interchanges and that have grade
separation at all intersections. (i) The current AADT is 40,000 vpd or
greater.
Generally, route lighting is not provided on
urban or rural motorways. However, in urban (ii) On all unlit sections less than 2km
areas where background lighting levels and long between sections of complete
night-time vehicle volumes are high route lighting.
lighting is common practice.

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(iii) If road design standards are (iii) If the road design standards are
significantly less than normal significantly below those of the
(particularly those related alignment, approaches.
sight distance, cross-section and
clear zone). (iv) If a significant night-time accident
record exists, which is likely to be
(iv) If a significant night-time accident corrected by lighting.
record is likely to be corrected by
lighting. (v) If connecting roads are provided

17
with Category V lighting, which might
(v) If adjacent roads are provided with adversely affect the visibility of drivers
Category V lighting or where the using the interchange.
background illumination in the vicinity
of the motorway is likely to affect the (d) The lighting of the ramp crossroad
visibility of motorists if lighting is not intersections and the crossroad between
provided. them is warranted when one or more of
the following conditions exist:
(b) Full lighting of interchanges (i.e. lighting
of ramps, intersections, crossroads (i) If continuous motorway or
and main carriageways though the complicated interchange lighting is
interchange only) is warranted where provided.
one or more of the following conditions
exist: (ii) If the crossroad approaches are lit.

(i) If the total AADT (existing or estimated) (iii) If the crossroad is divided between
on the ramps is greater than 10,000 the ramp intersections, or if there
vpd. (i.e. the sum of the volumes are raised islands at the ramp
entering and leaving the motorway at intersections.
the interchange).
(iv) If the volume on the crossroad
(ii) If connecting roads are provided though the intersection is 3,600 vpd
with Category V lighting, which might or greater.
adversely affect the visibility of drivers
(e) The lighting of crossroads, without
using the interchange.
connections to motorways, is warranted
(iii) If warrants for continuous lighting are if the crossroad approaches are lit, or if
satisfied. there is a possibility of glare or distraction
from the motorway lighting.
(c) Partial lighting of interchanges (i.e.
lighting of the entry and exit gore Motorways in Rural Areas
areas plus ramps, intersections and
crossroads) is warranted where one or In general, rural motorways need not be
more of the following conditions exist: provided with route lighting. However at
interchanges, as a minimum, the entry and
(i) If the current AADT on the motorway is
exit gore areas should be lit (refer to Figures
greater than 25,000 vpd.
17.5 and 17.6).
(ii) If the total AADT on the ramps is
greater than 5,000 vpd. (i.e. the sum
of the volumes entering and leaving the
motorway at the interchange).

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17

Figure 17.5 Extent of lighting for exit ramps for rural motorways

Figure 17.6 Extent of Lighting for Entry Ramps for Rural Motorways

Provision of additional lighting for rural 17.5.3 Route Lighting

motorways may be warranted in one or more
of the following situations: General Provision
(a) Where there are unusual conditions
such as a location with a high night-time Lighting may be provided in areas where:
accident rate likely to be corrected by (a) The traffic volume (AADT) is approaching
lighting. or exceeds 10,000 vpd; and/or

(b) A high volume interchange exists with (b) the District Director considers that the
reduced geometric standards. road is associated with a special road
safety risk that warrants route lighting;
(c) At a location where the background of and/or
illumination in the vicinity of the motorway
is likely to adversely affect the visibility of (c) Main Roads and local government have
motorists if lighting is not provided. indicated their willingness to participate
in cost sharing arrangements as detailed

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in the agreement between the Local 17.5.5 Vehicle Inspection Sites

Government Association of Queensland
and Main Roads “Cost Sharing Based on Where an Inspection Site is to be lit, the
Responsibilities within State Controlled lighting shall be provided as per the following
Roads”. requirements and Figure 17.7.

The Vehicle Inspection Area shall be floodlit

17.5.4 Supplementary Lighting with Metal Halide Lamps. Floodlights shall
at Pedestrian Crossings have a maximum mounting height of 15m

17 General Provision
and the lamp wattage shall not exceed
1000W. Aiming of the floodlight shall be
directly across the Vehicle Inspection Area
Lighting may be provided in areas where and a minimum 30 degree lateral cut-off
the traffic volume (AADT) exceeds 1,000 shield shall be fitted to the floodlight to
vpd. Where lighting is provided, it shall be minimise glare to though traffic. Where
designed in accordance with AS1158.4, with the Inspection Site is located remote to the
the following amendment to the requirements though road the provision of floodlighting
for supplementary carriageway lighting. from both sides of the Vehicle Inspection
• Lighting to at least Category V5 shall Area is recommended.
exist or be provided on the carriageway
The “lead in” and “lead out” lighting shall be
in line with the following:
provided in accordance with AS1158.1.1.
i. Where the posted speed is 60 km/h The though road shall determine the
and up to and including 70 km/h – 1 category of lighting required.
span either side of the crossing.
Power to the site shall be via a metered
ii. Where the posted speed is greater than supply. Refer to the Local Electricity
70km/h – 2 spans either side of the Authority for the type of meter and access
crossing. requirements. Where an Inspection Site
building exists, it is recommended that a
Special Cases circuit breaker switch be provided in the
building for operation of the luminaries,
Provision of lighting under special cases otherwise a keyed switch should be located
is subject to the approval of the District in the switchboard.
Director.
For volumes of less than 1,000 vpd, other
conditions that may suggest supplementary
lighting at pedestrian crossings include the
following:
• road location geometry;

• background lighting (including offsets of

opposing headlights);

• weather conditions (such as fog);

• separate needs of pedestrians indicate
the existence of a special risk; or

• accident history.

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17
������������������������������������������������

Vehicle Inspection Area Lighting Levels

Through Road Average Illuminance at ground level Maximum Illuminance
Uniformity Emax/Emin
Route Lighting exists 70 lux
Route Lighting does not 30 lux 8
exist

Figure 17.7 Vehicle Inspection Site Requirements

17.5.6 Lighting in the Vicinity of 17.6 Requirements for Rate

Aerodromes 1 and 2 Public Lighting
Where road lighting is to be installed
within 6km of an aerodrome, the lighting Refer QTSC Group - Standard Conditions
design should be submitted to the relevant for the Provision of Public Lighting Services.
aerodrome authority to ensure that all Civil For Rate 2 road lighting designs carried out
Aviation Authority requirements are adhered in Energex’s area refer to Appendix 17E for
to. Reference should be made to regulation the design process to be followed.
94 of Civil Aviation Regulation 1988 for
guidance in relation to lighting in the vicinity
of aerodromes - airports.
Where a design falls within this 6km radius, it
is recommended that aeroscreen luminaires
be used. Height restriction limits may exist
where lighting is installed in the vicinity of
the runway approaches.

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17.7 Requirements for Main with the requirements of the SAA Wiring
Rules, Main Roads’ policies and standards
Roads Rate 3 Public and any dispensations by the Regulator
Lighting (refer Section 17.7.5). Refer to Appendix
17A for the documentation requirements and
17.7.1 General Interim Chapter 10 of the Drafting and Design
Presentation Standards for the presentation
Main Roads is responsible for the provision requirements of electrical layout designs

17
of road lighting on declared roads in
Note:- Presently start and run currents vary
Queensland. Rate 3 public lighting may
for Rate 3 and Rate 2 luminaires of a similar
only be installed on roads or other public
wattage.
thoroughfares with the written approval of
Main Roads. Under this rate, the complete Since Main Roads uses power factor
public lighting installation is supplied, corrected luminaires, the length of circuit runs
installed, owned and maintained by Main generally can be considerably more than for
Roads. non-power factor corrected luminaires.
Special consideration needs to be given to
17.7.2 Design fault loop impedance requirements detailed in
the Wiring Rules to ensure correct operation
General of protective devices in providing protection
against indirect contact should a fault occur.
Lighting designs must conform to AS/NZ1158 Refer to Section 17.7.3 (Electrical Cable) for
as a minimum standard. The design of public standard cable sizes to be used for Main
lighting is divided into two distinct categories, Roads lighting.
as follows:
The electrical layout designer shall obtain
• Lighting layout design; and
the “point of supply” from the Electricity
• Electrical layout design. Supply Corporation. Once the electrical
design is completed, the designer shall
A Registered Professional Engineer of submit a set of fully detailed drawings and
Queensland (RPEQ) with the appropriate voltage drop calculations to the Electricity
qualifications must undertake certification Supply Corporation for approval under the
of the lighting layout design and electrical terms of the Electricity Act. A written record
layout design. of this transaction shall be provided to Main
Roads before the commencement of any
Lighting Layout Design installation works.

The lighting layout design must comply with Lighting Design Compliance
AS/NZ1158 and Main Roads’ policies and
standards. Refer to Appendix 17A for the In accordance with the requirements
documentation requirements and Interim of AS/NZ1158 Part 1.1, a certificate
Chapter 10 of the Drafting and Design of compliance shall be provided with each
Presentation Standards for the presentation lighting design. Refer to the Appendix 17B
requirements of lighting layout designs. for the certificate proforma.

Electrical Layout Design The above mentioned standard requires that

the lighting installation complies with minimal
The electrical layout design must fully comply initial and maintained values of average

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carriageway luminance and illuminance. This V lighting (e.g. residential properties

requires the introduction of a maintenance adjacent to motorways).
factor, which is the lamp maintenance
factor (Table 14.3 of AS/NZ1158 Part 1.3), (c) To reduce glare at locations where the
multiplied by the lamp lumen depreciation background is intrinsically dark (e.g.
isolated intersections, small radius
factor. The lamp lumen depreciation factor is
crest vertical curves, bridges, and
available from the manufacturer.
overpasses).
Appendix 17A and 17B detail the
documentation requirements and Interim
Chapter 10 of the Drafting and Design
Alterations to Existing Luminaires
17
Presentation Standards detail the It is not generally the policy of Main Roads
presentation requirements of the design. All to fix internal or external shields to road
designs must be in accordance with these lighting luminaires, or to retrofit existing
requirements. dish prismatic bowl type luminaires with
aeroscreen luminaires.
17.7.3 Equipment
The fitting of shields or aeroscreen luminaires
may interfere with the light distribution such
General
that compliance with AS/NZ1158 may be
compromised. Where a shield is to be fitted,
Only equipment complying with current Main
a suitably qualified designer shall carry out
Roads specifications at the design date,
the design of the shield.
where the design date is no more than two
years prior to construction, is to be used.
Removal of Existing Luminaires
For specifications for road lighting equipment
refer to Main Roads Standard Specifications Approval is required from Main Roads
- Roads. where the removal of existing luminaires
may impact on the traffic operations (e.g.
Aeroscreen Luminaires where an existing road is being modified
and the luminaire is marked for removal
Aeroscreen luminaires should only be used but in its present location it is providing
in a lighting design where: temporary lighting for traffic movements
while construction takes place).
• an increase in luminaire glare may
result in loss of visual performance for If a luminaire is removed then a record of the
motorists or pedestrians; or date it is de-energised needs to be detailed
in writing and provided to Main Roads
• where a reduction in stray light is deemed and the Local Electricity Authority. This
appropriate. information is important to maintain accurate
network data and ensure correct billing takes
place. Interim Chapter 10 of the Drafting and
Typical examples of appropriate use of
Design Presentation Standards provides a
aeroscreen luminaires are as follows:
table, which should be used to detail any
(a) To satisfy the requirements of the Civil removal of road lighting equipment.
Aviation Authority, in areas surrounding
aerodromes - airports. (Refer to Section Combination Traffic Signal Mast Arms
17.5.6) and Joint Use Road Lighting Poles

(b) To reduce spill light onto properties Wherever possible, when lighting
abutting roads that require Category

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intersections and junctions at which traffic from a junction box to a lighting pole shall be
signals are to be installed, combination as stated on the standard drawings.
traffic signal mast arms and joint use road
lighting poles should be used. This reduces Future additional lighting works shall be
the amount of roadside furniture around the taken into account when selecting the size of
intersection or junction. the supply cable.

Road Lighting Poles 17.7.4 Road Lighting Pole

Placement Guidelines
17 Only road lighting equipment may be
installed/attached to Rate 3 poles. No signs, General
banners or decorations are permitted to be
either temporarily or permanently installed/ For guidelines for the use and placement of
attached to these poles. rigid and frangible road lighting poles refer to
AS/NZS 1158.1.3 Appendix B.
Solar lighting
Urban Areas
Where there is no economical access to the
local power grid, solar lighting may be an In addition to the guidelines set out in AS/
acceptable alternative to traditional lighting. NZS 1158.1.3 for lighting in urban areas,
Solar lighting is generally available using two road lighting poles should be located on an
lamp types: alignment with property boundary junctions
• Low pressure sodium (SOX) lamps, and wherever possible. At the same time,
designers should ensure compliance with
• Fluorescent lamps. AS/NZ1158.

Given the right road geometry, it may be Joint Use Road Lighting Poles
possible to achieve Category V5 road
lighting levels. Solar lighting could also be Where joint use poles are located in
used in: medians, they are to be located at least 1m
from the median nose.
• isolated car parks;
Joint use poles should not be located in
• isolated rest areas; medians less than 2m wide.
• amenities blocks; and Lighting on or in the Vicinity of Bridges
• “flag” lighting
Where a bridge crosses a road to be lit, the
bridge should be flagged as a major point for
Electrical Cable consideration early in the design process.
Wherever possible, the luminaries should
Standard cable sizes for Main Roads lighting be located so the bridge position is mid span
supply circuits shall be 25mm², 16mm², between two luminaries. This reduces the
10mm², 6mm² and 4mm². Where 25mm² amount of shadowing under the bridge and
cable is used, it may be stepped down to helps reduce glare to over bridge traffic. If a
16mm² but no further. Where 16mm² to 4mm² luminaire must be placed close to a bridge,
is used, then the supply circuit shall have a then it is recommended that it be placed a
cable of continuous size for the length of the minimum distance of 15m from the bridge
circuit including any tee-offs. Cable sizes and an aeroscreen luminaire installed.

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If poles must be placed on a bridge, due its of Road Tunnels and Underpasses” for
length, or to maintain a lighting layout, then underpasses over 25m long and tunnels.
it is imperative that the bridge designer is
made aware of this requirement early in the Semi-Rigid and Flexible Roadside
design process. Only though consultation Barriers
with the bridge designer can an accurate
determination be made on the location of Poles located behind roadside barriers
the road lighting poles. Also, at this time of should be “fixed based” and must be located
at the correct offset from the barrier. The use

17
consultation the requirements for conduits
and cable access at the pole shall be of frangible poles is not recommended, as
stipulated. Details of the conduit and cable the correct operation of the pole cannot be
access junction box shall be shown on the guaranteed if impacted.
bridge drawings. As a general rule, if poles are required closer
than 1.2m to the front of a semi-rigid barrier
Underpasses and Tunnels
(e.g. W-beam, Thie-beam) or 2m to a flexible
For underpasses less than 25m in length, barrier (e.g. wire rope), the pole position
luminaires need not be installed within the shall be confirmed with the road designer
underpass if it can be demonstrated that to ensure that the pole is not located in the
the required lighting performance can be deflection zone of the barrier. Also, poles are
attained using luminaires located outside not to be located within the runout length of
the underpass. When locating luminaries, barriers, the pole position shall be confirmed
consideration should be given to the possible with the road designer.
adverse effects to users of any transport
Clearances from Overhead Lines
system above the underpass.

Where the underpass cannot be effectively General

lit from luminaires located on the outside,
supplementary luminaires should be installed Care should be taken with the placement
within the underpass. These luminaires of poles in the vicinity of overhead lines.
should be of an aeroscreen type. The Allowances should be made for design,
location of and clearance to any horizontal constructional, dynamic and maintenance
and vertical outreaches or conduits, which clearances as appropriate. The local
need to be mounted under the bridge, shall Electricity Supply Corporation should be
be checked with the bridge designer. The consulted before installation with respect
lighting design should be illuminance based to agreed clearances having regard
and should satisfy the requirements for to applicable legislation and practical
intersections and other specified locations in application.
Section 2 of AS/NZS 1158.1.1. An important
Design Clearances
consideration for the lighting design of
the underpass/bridge is to ensure that
These should be calculated taking into
installation of lighting does not compromise
account:
minimum clearances, and these should be
checked in consultation with the road/bridge • the most adverse position to which a
designers. conductor may swing under the influence
of wind;
In the absence of an Australian Standard for
underpass and tunnel lighting, refer to CIE • the worst position a conductor may
Publication No.88 “Guide for the Lighting assume by sag under the influence of

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load current; Dynamic Clearances

• the maximum design deflection of the Dynamic clearances should be used for
lighting structure under the influence of frangible poles (Slip Base Poles currently
wind; and used by the Department) to minimise the
likelihood of any gyrating lighting structure
• the movement of impacted frangible
(resulting from vehicle impact) striking the
poles.
conductors of a nearby overhead line.

17 Clearances “VC and HC” in Figure 17.8

between poles and overhead lines shall
The recommended clearances are illustrated
in Figure 17.9.
comply with Queensland Department of
Main Roads Standard Drawing No.1333 The recommended minimum horizontal
“Minimum Clearance of Overhead Electric clearance of a slip base pole from an overhead
Lines from Ground and Structures”. In line is 0.6H, where H is the mounting height
all cases, clearances apply to both rigid of the luminaire. However, if the overhead
and frangible poles. However, in general, line traverses the direction of traffic flow,
dynamic clearances will be the determining the clearance for slip base poles should be
factor for frangible poles. For the purposes of increased to 1.2H. This situation occurs when
calculating vertical clearances, the distance an overhead line crosses the carriageway, or at
should be taken as the vertical distance an intersection (refer Figure 17.9).
between the conductor and the horizontal
projection of the highest point on the lighting
structure (Refer Figure 17.8).

Figure 17.8 Design Clearances Maintenance Clearances

Constructional Clearances Maintenance clearances to overhead lines

are required for all pole types in order that
Where it is necessary to install a pole near the luminaire may be serviced safely.
an overhead line, the required statutory
Details of appropriate clearance should be
construction clearances prior to design
sought in applicable regulations and by
should be obtained from arrangement with
consultation with the local Electricity Supply
the local Electricity Supply Corporation if the
Corporation.
lines can be de-energised or shouded.

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17

Figure 17.9 Dynamic Clearances

Under no circumstances may the electrical
17.7.5 Installation contractor connect the new public lighting
installation to the Electricity Supply
General Corporation’s point of supply. The connection
will be carried out by the Electricity Supply
The public lighting installation may be carried Corporation’s personnel or authorized
out by: contractor after inspection at the time of
commissioning.
• Main Roads;
Once commissioned no electrical alterations
• The Electricity Supply Corporation; or
can be made to a Rate 3 public lighting
• Approved Contractor. installation without the written approval of
the Electricity Supply Corporation.
Installation must be in accordance with Main
Pole Identification
Roads’ policies and standard drawings.
Main Roads have been granted approval by All Main Roads Rate 3 public lighting
the Regulator (their reference 18813 dated installations must be marked with the
27 February 1997 (latest issue)) to wire in numeral 3 attached to the roadside of the
accordance with the requirements of the pole or structure, refer Figure 17.10. Main
QTSC. (Refer Standard Drawings Roads). Roads is responsible for ensuring that the
The Electricity Supply Corporation provides Rate 3 identification label is always clearly
only electrical power to the installation. Rate visible. Where individual pole numbers
3 luminaires or luminaire equipment will not are required they are to be located below
normally be permitted on Electricity Supply the Rate 3 identification label, refer Figure
Corporation’s poles. 17.10.

The Electricity Supply Corporation will not

commission the public lighting installation
until all requirements comply with the
Electricity Regulations.

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17

Figure 17.10 Pole Identification Requirements

17.7.6 Wiring Details

30 lux ±25%, and a switch “off” level of not
Wiring details for the supply of Rate 3 public more than 30 lux.
lighting installations are to be in accordance
with Appendix 17D. 17.7.8 Conduit Alignment

17.7.7 Switching Arrangements Generally, the standard alignment for Rate

for Luminaire Control 3 lighting is from pole to pole using a 80mm
heavy duty conduit. As Rate 2 standards
The current public lighting tariff structure is may vary across the State, the Local
based upon an average of 4,200 night time Electricity Authority should be contacted for
hours of luminaire operation controlled either their requirements.
by a P.E cell and/or control device. Rate 3
lighting tariff will only be provided for public 17.8 Landscaping
lighting installations that comply with the
above requirement. Where landscaping is to be installed in the
vicinity of a road lighting pole, adequate
Designers should ensure that the Rate 3 clearance must be maintained around the
public lighting design includes P.E. cell(s) pole to allow maintenance access.
capable of switching the connected electrical
load unless a switched supply is provided by The location and height of plants must not
the Electricity Supply Corporation. interfere with the overhead lighting or wires,
cast undesirable shadows on the road
Where P.E. cells are included (NEMA base), formation or cause non-uniform illumination
each cell should have a switch “on” level of of the roadway during day or night-time.

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18 References
Queensland Main Roads: Standard Drawings
- Roads.

Queensland Main Roads: Standard

Specifications - Roads.

AS/NZ1158 - AS/NZS 1158. - Road Lighting

Austroads – Guide to Traffic engineering

Practice, Part 12 – Roadway Lighting
17
SAA Wiring Rules - AS 3000.

Queensland Transmission and Supply

Corporation (QTSC): “QTSC Group -
Standard Conditions for the Provision of
Public Lighting Services”.

Queensland Main Roads: Drafting and

Design Presentation Standards.

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Appendix 17A: Road • AS 3000 “SAA Wiring Rules”.

Lighting Documentation • Queensland Main Roads, Standard

Specifications Roads;
17A.1 General
• Queensland Main Roads, Standard
Drawings Roads.
Parties other than the Department of Main
Roads may carry out Road lighting and/or • Department of Main Roads Standing

17
electrical layout designs. These include the Offer Arrangement No. 19 “Road
following: Lighting Poles and Outreach Arms”; and
• Electricity Supply Corporations:
• Department of Main Roads Standing
• Public Bodies: or Offer Arrangement No. 25 “Road
Lighting Luminaires”.
• Consultants.
The design documentation shall be for each
All lighting and electrical designs are to road lighting project from the nominated
be certified by an appropriately qualified point of supply.
Registered Professional Engineer of
Queensland (RPEQ). 17A.2 Lighting Design
Documentation Rate 3
Public Lighting Tariff Rate 1 and 2
The required documentation to be submitted
Where Rate 1 and 2 road lighting and/or
for Rate 3 lighting designs is detailed in Table
electrical layout designs are carried out, the
17A.1, or as specified by the Principal.
design standards and documentation shall
be as required in the following documents: All documentation is to include the Job
• AS/NZ1158 Number and District details of the particular
design.
• QTSC “Standard Conditions for the
Provision of Public Lighting Services”;
and

• any specific Electricity Supply

Corporation requirements.

The design documentation shall be for each

road lighting project from the nominated
point of supply.
Public Lighting Tariff Rate 3

Where Rate 3 road lighting and/or electrical

layout designs are carried out, the design
standards and documentation shall be as
required in the following documents and as
detailed in Section 17.7 of the Chapter
• AS/NZS 1158 “Road Lighting”.

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Table 17A.1 – Details of design documents to be submitted for Rate 3 lighting.

Submitted Documents Requirements to be Included in Submitted Documents

Voltage Drop Calculations • In accordance with AS3000

• lamps to be power factor corrected

• Run current of lamp to be used

Fault Loop Impedance • In accordance with AS3000 17

Calculations

Estimate • Use Main Roads progam ESTIMATE, or as directed by the

Principal

• In accordance with Department of Main Roads Specifications

Certificate of Compliance • In accordance with AS/NZS 1158.1.1, Appendix C, See Appendix

17B for certificate proforma.

Road lighting layout & electrical • Refer to Interim Chapter 10 of the Drafting and Design
design plans Presentation Standards
Schedules • Refer to Interim Chapter 10 of the Drafting and Design
Presentation Standards
Standard and Supplementary As required
Specifications

Standards Drawings Roads As required

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Appendix 17B: Certificate B4 LUMINAIRE/LAMP DETAILS:

of Compliance and Design • Luminaire Identification:

Documentation • Lamp Type:

B1 ELEMENT DETAILS: • Design Lamp Lumens:

• Intersection Lighting • I-Table Number:
• Route Lighting
17
• Lighting Tariff:
• Roundabout Lighting
B5 PHOTOMETRIC DATA DETAILS:
• Pedestrian Crossing Lighting • Origin

B2 LIGHTING CATEGORY B6 LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS:

• Lighting category • Design Method: Computer Based

B3 INSTALLATION GEOMETRY • Element: Straights and Curves

Description:- As per Table 17B.1.
• Arrangement
• Element: Intersection and Junctions
• Mounting Height
Description:- As per Table 17B.2
• Overhang

• Upcast Angle

• Spacing

Table 17B.1 Template: Light Technical Parameters - Straights and Curves

Table 17B.2 Template: Light Technical Parameters - Intersection and Junctions

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B7 ROAD SURFACE REFLECTION • A visual check shall be made of the

CHARACTERISTICS DETAILS: electrical components and wiring for
signs of overheating.
• Road Surface Reflection Characteristics.
• If required, the luminaire shall be
B8 COMPUTER PROGRAM DETAILS: realigned or adjusted to the design
• Name of Program: specification.

• Source of Program: B9.2.2 It is recommended that inspection

17
patrols provide spot lamp
• Compliance: Complies with the replacements such that the maximum
requirements of AS/NZ1158 level of luminaire outages at any one
time is not greater that 5% of the
luminaire population e.g. service
B9 MAINTENANCE DETAILS:
availability should be at least 95% (in
Maintenance Factor Details: accordance with the requirements of
AS/NZS1158.1.3).
• Lamp Maintenance Factor: (As shown in
Table 14.3 of AS/NZS 1158.1.3, Typical B9.2.3 Where luminaires are replaced
Luminaire Maintenance) the new luminaire shall be of an
equivalent type such that the
• Lamp Lumen Depreciation Factor: (As integrity of the road lighting design
supplied by the manufacturer) is maintained.
• Total Maintenance Factor

• Schedule of Maintenance:
Signed .......................................................
• The road lighting design is based on / /
maintenance strategies detailed in
Appendix 17C: Checked .......................................................
/ /
B9.2.1 Bulk lamp replacement

Bulk lamp replacement shall be carried out

at ___monthly intervals. At this time the
following shall also occur:
• All optical surfaces, both internal and
external, of the luminaire shall be
cleaned.

• All gaskets shall be checked for

deterioration and replaced where
necessary.

• Damaged/weathered visors shall be

replaced.

• All accessible screws, nuts etc shall be

checked for tightness.

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Appendix 17C: Maintenance Luminaire Replacement

Schedule Where luminaires are replaced, the new

luminaire shall be of an equivalent type such
17C.1 Maintenance of Road that the integrity of the road lighting design is
Lighting Luminaires maintained.

17C.2 Maintenance Of Road

Schedule of Maintenance:
Lighting Poles
17 The road lighting design is based on the
following maintenance strategies: Road lighting poles shall be replaced when
the following damage is evident:
Bulk lamp replacement
Steel Poles
Bulk lamp replacement shall be carried out
at a nominated monthly interval. At this time Horizontal Cuts or Tears
the following shall also occur:
If a horizontal cut or tear in the pole exceeds
• All optical surfaces, both internal and
20% of the pole circumference, as illustrated
external, of the luminaire shall be
cleaned. in Figure 17C.1

Figure 17C.1 Horizontal cut/tear

• All gaskets shall be checked for
exceeding 20%
deterioration and replaced where
necessary.

• Damaged/weathered visors shall be

replaced.

• All accessible screws, nuts etc shall be

checked for tightness.

• A visual check shall be made of the Deformation of Pole

electrical components and wiring for
signs of overheating. If deformation of the pole due to vehicle
impact exceeds 20% of the pole diameter,
• If required, the luminaire shall be as illustrated in Figure 17C.2
realigned or adjusted to the design
specification. Figure 17C.2 Deformation of Pole exceeding
20%
Spot Lamp Replacement

It is recommended that inspection patrols

provide spot lamp replacements such that
the maximum level of luminaire outages at
any one time is not greater that 5% of the
luminaire population e.g. service availability
should be at least 95% (in accordance with
the requirements of AS/NZS 1158.1.3).

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Terminal Hatchway Door

If the terminal hatchway door cannot be

securely fastened or is damaged to the
extent that it cannot be replaced or repaired,
even if the pole is not damaged as stated
above.

Concrete Poles

Corrosion 17
Where the concrete has been cracked or
damaged to the extent that the reinforcing is
subject to corrosion.

Terminal Hatchway Door

If the terminal hatchway door cannot be

securely fastened or is damaged to the
extent that it cannot be replaced or repaired,
even if the pole is not damaged.

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Appendix 17D: Wiring 17D.4 Cabling

Details - Rate 3 Public All cables and conduit shall be installed in

Lighting Installations accordance with the requirements of the
Wiring Rules and Main Roads standard
17D.1 General practices.

Rate 3 public lighting is normally supplied All work carried out on the Electricity Supply
from the Electricity Supply Corporation’s low Corporation’s assets (poles, pillars and pits)

17 voltage underground/overhead distribution

system or alternately from the Rate 1 or 2
shall be in accordance with the requirements
of the Electricity Supply Corporation’s
public lighting system. Supply is taken from Manual or Standard. (NB. No work shall be
these installations via a switchboard. carried out on the above mentioned assets
without first receiving permission from the
The location of the switchboard is at the Electricity Supply Corporation).
Electricity Supply Corporation’s discretion
and is at the point of supply. All installation Note: The conduit used for Rate 1 and 2
works beyond the point of supply constitute public lighting is a different grade than that
the Rate 3 public lighting installation. required by the Wiring Rules and cannot be
used for Rate 3 public lighting.
17D.2 Wiring Details
17D.5 Earthing
Rate 3 public lighting may be supplied by
any of the following methods: Lighting poles installed in ground
(1) Overhead cabling. (NB. Fixed Base Where the Multiple Earthed Neutral (MEN)
Poles Only).
system is used (i.e. where the pole anchor
(2) Underground cabling via pits. (Preferred cage and footing, or a separate earth stake,
option) is used as the earth electrode at each pole)
the following applies:
(3) Underground cabling looping in and out • Earthing of the exposed metalwork of
of individual poles. (NB. Fixed Base the lighting pole is achieved by bonding
Poles only, and generally provided in the metalwork to the neutral conductor
barrier situations Only). of the two core electrical cable that
provides the supply of electricity to the
17D.3 Circuit Protection lighting pole. This is as shown on the
relevant Standard Drawings and in
Rate 3 public lighting installations are accordance with AS3000 SAA Wiring
classified as consumers’ installations and Rules.
must comply with the Wiring Rules.
• Where an earth stake is used, this shall
Main Roads employs protection in the poles/ also be bonded to the neutral conductor.
pits. Each termination panel at the pole or
pit is considered to constitute a switchboard Lighting installations on steel, concrete
and the looped cabling is a sub-main. and wooden bridges

Note: Main Roads have approval from the Where lighting poles are installed on bridges
Regulator, Reference 18813, dated 27 and where special outreach arms are fixed to
February 1997 (latest issue). the bridge structure for underbridge lighting
and so on, the following applies.

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• The metal structure for each pole and

outreach arm shall be bonded to a
separate earth conductor, the size of
which shall be determined from the
relevant section of AS3000, installed
with the supply cable.

• The supply cable shall be connected to

the supply at one point only.

• The earth and neutral shall not be linked

on the bridge structure. This is as shown
17
on the relevant Standard Drawings and
in accordance with AS3000.

Where a bridge passes over a railway

overhead network, the lighting equipment
may have to be bonded to Queensland Rail’s
traction earthing system, which must be
segregated from the MEN earthing system.
Check with Queensland Rail and the Local
Electricity Corporation for details on earthing
requirements. Where segregation is needed
ensure that the earth cable is not bonded to
the neutral conductor.

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Appendix 17E : Rate 2 design

process in Energex’s area.
Process for DMR Establishing
Streetlighting

Flowchart 1.1 – Process for Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

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Flowchart 1.2 – Process for Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

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Flowchart 1.2A – Process for Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

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Flowchart 1.3 – Process for Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

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Flowchart 2.1 – Changes to Existing Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

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Flowchart 2.2 – Changes to Existing Rate 2 Public Lighting

17

The agreed processes described by these flowcharts complements the Memorandum of

Understanding of April 2002 between Department of Main Roads and ENERGEX, and is subject
to its terms, as though part of it, particularly clause 3.4 (not legally binding)

Signed by Energex 9/02/04

Signed by Main Roads 19/02/04

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17

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