English Who are you?

Pedagogical Module 1
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

5 Life cycles

Sc
Past continuous 4

ie
nc
6 Muralism

e
Ar
t
Present continuous 3 7 Geography

So
c
ia
Stl
ish

ud
ie
gl

Yes/no questions
2

s
En

Wh-questions

La
Personal

ng
Descriptive
8

ua
paragraph
Profile

e g
Present simple

an
1

d
(review)

Li
te
ra
urt
e
Values

Social-emotional Education
11 abilities 10 for change 9 Internet safety

Did you know that…

• English is the official language of 67 countries.
• There are more than 300 million native English
speakers on many continents.
• English is not only spoken as a mother tongue but
also as a second language in many other countries.
• It is the official language of the international aviation
industry.
• 60% of the world’s radio programs are in English.
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• It is the language of 70% of the world’s mail.

• Approximately how many people speak English in the world?

• Discuss with a partner another language you would like to learn. Why, how and when would you use it?
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• What professions are related to international aviation?

• Do you listen to music in English on the radio?

• Do you prefer to write letters (by hand) or type an email (online)? What are the advantages of each?

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 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Can you name the presidents from other countries? Do you recognize the woman in this picture?

Interesting People

Elizabeth II is a very famous queen. She rules the countries that form
part of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and
Wales (see the map) and some other territories in
Great Britain. They are all English-speaking
countries.
She’s from London, the capital city
of England. Her birthday is on April 21st.
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She has four children: three boys; Prince

Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward

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and one girl; Princess Anne.

These words are in the text above. Connect the words to the correct
Discuss the questions with picture.
your partner:
Is there a queen in your
country? What language do
people speak in your country?
Name as many countries as
you can that speak English.
Is the English language
exactly the same in each
country? Anne

Elizabeth
Vocabulary

queen. the wife of a king

considered a ruler or monarch. country
A female ruler or monarch
of a nation

rule. to decide, to use power, city

authority, or influence. To use
authority to control a place
and or situation
April 21st
country. the territory or land
of a nation

English-speaking countries.
Charles
nations where people speak
English

prince. the son of the king

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or queen
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princess. the daughter

of the king or queen

2
 Oral Communication

Do you recognize any of these flags? What countries are they from?

Soccer Around the World

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1. Do you know what FOOTBALL is called in the United States of America?
Unscramble these letters and you will find the answer.

C E S R O C
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2. What sports, other than soccer, are popular in other countries?

3. Listen to an interview with a student at a soccer academy. Where is

he from? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
4. What do the letters BCSS stand for?

5. Challenge! Listen again and try to mention some countries where

students from BCSS come from and find their flags in exercise 1 above.

6. Cross out the errors in the sentences below. Write in the information
to make them correct.

• BCSS has more than 82 million players worldwide.

• Students cannot live at camps at BCSS.
• The boy interviewed is from England.
• David Beckham used to play in the Premier Soccer League.

Vocabulary

• When do you use the word from? Look at the following examples flag. the symbol or emblem
and discuss with your partner. of a country or institution

- Lionel Messi is Argentinian. = He is from Argentina. worldwide. existing

or happening in all parts
- Ivan is from Colombia. = He is Colombian. of the world
- Mike is from The United States, but now he lives in Quito. camp. a place where people
participate in special activities
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• Where are you from?

Premier Soccer League.
• Do you know people and have friends from other countries?
the top group of competing
• What’s your teacher’s nationality? soccer teams in England

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Reading

What are some ways to describe members of a family?

Describing a Family
big kind happy 1. Your little brother dropped the cards to the left. Help him reorganize them
by writing the words in their corresponding space. When you finish,
compare with a partner.
shor t long
fat Physical traits: Give examples of people that have these traits.

funny young sweet

playful old grey

black Personality: What are behaviors that demonstrate these personality traits?
small noisy

thin
quiet good
Cabrera, A.

friendly hone 2. You are a good painter and your friend Rosie asks you to make a portrait
st
of her family using the information below. Before you start drawing,
circle the physical traits and underline the personality descriptions
of each member.

Rosie’s Family
Answer the following
questions: My family is not very big. I have one baby brother and no sisters.
We live with our parents, my grandma and our dog Flocky.
• How many sisters does
Rosie have? My mother is 38 years old. She is a very kind and happy woman.
She is short, a little fat, and she has long hair. She works at a supermarket.
• How old is Rosie’s My father is 42. He is a very funny and honest man. He works as
grandmother?
a mechanic with my uncle Carlos, his younger brother. My younger
• Who is Carlos? brother is sweet so I love playing with him. My grandma is only
• Describe Rosie physically. 59 years old. She’s a really good cook and her chocolate cake is the
best in the world. Her hair is grey and short. Flocky is our pet dog.
• What does Carlos do as He’s small and noisy. Finally, I am Rosie. I’m 14 years old. I’m short and thin.
a job?
I am a bit quiet, but friendly.

3. Now you’re ready to draw Rosie’s family in the picture frame.

Vocabulary

trait. characteristic

portrait. a painting,
photograph, drawing
of a person

cook. a person who prepares

and cooks food as a job or in
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a specific way

pet. a domestic animal

that lives in a house
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as company

4
 Writing
How can I describe people’s personalities and physical appearance?

Describing People
There’s a new student in the class and you want to describe her or him
to your mother. To do this, write a short descriptive paragraph.

1. Read the following sections of a paragraph. Which section do you think

is first, which is second, and which is third? Write the numbers 1, 2, 3
in the circles next to each section.

To conclude, for all these reasons and more, my mom

is the best.

My mom is an interesting woman, and she’s beautiful

inside and out.

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My mom’s name is Carmen and she’s 37 years old. She is
from Zaruma, but now she lives in Cuenca with me and my
brothers. She is a tall and thin woman. Her hair is long and Let’s play! Describe one
brown. She’s very creative and funny. I love her smile and the of your classmates to the
way she helps people with their problems. My mom works at class and have the other
students try to guess who
a hospital, she is a great nurse.
he/she is. The student who
guesses first describes
another student, and so on.
2. Now that you know the correct order, read it again. Which section do you
think is the A. Introduction, B. Body with details and the C. Conclusion.
Complete the hamburger that represents a complete paragraph.
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Vocabulary

3. You’re ready to describe your new friend. Write the Introduction, descriptive paragraph.
Body and Conclusion in the space provided. group of sentences that
describe a person, a place,
a thing or an event using
Introduction many descriptive adjectives

Body 1 creative. a person who uses

original and unusual ideas
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Body 2
nurse. a person who cares
Body 3 for people who are sick
or injured, especially
Conclusion in a hospital

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Language Through the Arts

Did you consider professional photography to be an art? What do you like taking pictures of?

Family Photo Album

Grammar Tip
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
• then = in the past
• now = in the present 1. What was she doing then? What is she doing now? Match the two
tenses to the correct sentence and picture.
• is, am, are = the present
I am hungry (now.)
I was playing with Present
They are tired.
my teddy bear then. Progressive action
• was , were = the past
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I was there last week.

We were at the beach I am looking some
Past
for Carnival. pictures with my
Progressive action
friend now.

2. Complete the chart with “past” or “present.”

a. We use am / is / are + ing verbs (looking, living, visiting) to express

events in progress. (that are happening now)

b. We use was / were + ing verbs (doing, playing, eating) to express

events in progress. (that were happening in the past)

3. You and a friend are sharing pictures. Complete the conversation with
the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:

Your friend: This is me at my grandparents’ house two years ago.

You: What (is / were / am) you doing there?
Your friend: I was (play / played / playing) with my cat Sizzy.
You: (Are / Were / Am) your grandparents still living in that
house now?
Your friend: Not anymore. Actually, they are (living / lived /
live) in Canada now, but they always visit us in December. Look at them in
this picture. They (is / were / was) eating outdoors in their
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backyard.
Free

You: What were they (had, having, has) to eat? It looks good!
Your friend: I know. They love cooking, so now they (is / were / are)
Vocabulary taking some classes with a chef. Look at this recent picture.
Here they were (makes / make / making) some salad.
actually. in fact or really
You: (Are / Were / Was) they coming over this Christmas?
outdoors. outside
Your friend: Yes, they are. By the way, (are / was / is) your
backyard. an area behind sister still visiting?
a house, usually covered
with grass You: Yes, she is…
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Your friend: (Are / Was / Is) n’t you having lunch with
come over. to visit a person
or place her today?
You: Oh no! I totally forgot about it... I have to go. Bye!!
by the way. also, in addition

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 Oral Communication
How can I compare two people?

Comparing People Ana

Grammar Tip
Name:
15
1. You and your sister are new in school. To know about your classmates,
Age:

Nationality: Ecuadorian
look at these two kids’ ID cards. Take turns describing them with your
• Use is + adjective to describe
partner. Use as many adjectives as you can.
someone’s personality.
Maria is friendly.

• Use have/has to describe

Name: Ana Toni
Name:
some physical features.
Age: 15 Age: 13
Nationality: Ecuadorian Nationality: Colombian Jose has short hair.

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2. Now, look at Ana’s and Toni’s IDs again and read the examples given
in the chart below. Can you make other comparisons between the two
kids? Write three more comparisons on the lines below.
Name: Toni
Age: 13

someColombian
You can useNationality: adjectives + er + than to compare 2 people,
2 places, 2 animals, 2 things. Example:

Ana is taller than Toni.

You can add more + adjective + than to compare 2 people, 2 places,

2 animals, 2 things. Example:

Toni is more serious than Ana.

Irregular adjectives: Vocabulary

ID card. an identification card

good-better bad-worse far-farther/further with personal information
(name, date of birth, photo)

•
ik
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3. In small groups, each student makes his/her own ID card, describes

him/herself to the group members, and then, taking turns, compares
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two of the group members. You can use the descriptive adjectives learned
in the first reading of this lesson.

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 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Science

What is the best age to be? What stage of life are you looking forward to?

Life Events
1. Read the text below about life stages.

There have been lots of studies about adolescents, and the way they
handle this stage of life depends on different factors. To understand this
interesting stage, we can go through the cycle of life. Before we are born,
it is amazing how we grow inside our mothers for about forty weeks.
After we are born, the time goes by fast. Childhood is the time to discover
the world and learn many things. After that, we go through one of the
most challenging stages in life, our teenage years called “adolescence.”
Later, when we think we are mature and everything will be simpler,
we are sometimes more confused. Eventually we decide if we want
to have a family, to make money, to travel the world, to buy things.
If things go wrong, we get disappointed. Finally, we become elderly,
we are relaxed, but health problems usually start unless you have
a healthy life with a healthy diet and regular exercise.

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2. What are common adjectives to describe people of these ages?

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each age.

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0-2 8-12 25 45 75
years years years old years old years old
Vocabulary

adolescent. teenagers I express my opinion about things I can say how I feel with...
from 13-19
that cause feelings with...

stage. period of time ing adjectives ed adjectives

boring, tiring, frustrating bored, tired, frustrated
go through. to live
Example: the game was exciting. Example: I am excited
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adolescence. the period of life to go on vacation.

when a child develops into
an adult
4. Let’s talk!! How difficult is it for you to be an adolescent? Tell your partner
elderly. old people about it.

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 Oral Communication

What are some things that make it difficult to be an adolescent?

Teenage Life
1. One of your close friends has serious problems because he feels his life
is really complicated now. Think of some advice.

Grammar Tip
Remember to use ing adjectives to express your opinion about things
that cause feelings. For example: boring, thrilling. Use ed adjectives
to say how you feel. For example: tired, excited.

2. You are going to listen to a school advisor talking about “what it feels like
to be a teenager.” Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
3. Answer the following questions.
a. What kind of person might be giving the advice?
b. Does the speaker say that being a teen is complicated? Why or
why not?

4. Listen again and write how adolescents feel at this stage according
to the advisor.

5. Look at the pictures and match them with the adjectives given below.

excited

surprised
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disappointed
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confused
Vocabulary
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disappointed. sad or displeased

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Language Through the Arts
Art

Do you think graffiti is art? Why? Why not? Are there examples of artistic murals in your city?

From Graffiti to Creative Murals

1. You are arriving at your house and see a big picture of a beautiful lady
whose hair is made of your grandma’s plants. What would you think and
feel?

"Muralism" Street Art

Something, exciting for some and shocking for others, is appearing
on streets worldwide. The typical graffiti has been replaced with
Pixabay/ShonEjai-Tobias Haase

some sort of urban art called “muralism.” This is a way to pay tribute
to those who are artists, but have not had the chance to show their work
at galleries. These murals are pieces of art that make the walls attractive,
making streets nicer. They also permit people to express themselves.

2. You are an expert at making murals. First, write a list of things you want
to include in your mural on the lines below. In the frame below, draw your
own mural.
Grammar Tip

Remember adjectives ending

in “ing” (exciting, impacting,
amazing, interesting, scaring)
are used to say what you think
about things that cause feelings,
and adjectives ending in “ed”
(excited, impacted, amazed,
interested, scared) are used
to say how you feel.

Vocabulary
k

sort of. kind of, type of

pi
ee
Fr

pay tribute. to honor.

Recognize 3. Answer the questions to explain what message you are trying to convey
with the mural you made.
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convey. to communicate.
Express a. What is a mural to you?
b. What are three adjectives that could describe your mural?
touched by. moved by. To feel
emotionally c. Will people feel touched by your mural? If so, how?

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 Oral Communication

Describe what it might be like to live in an RV or trailer?

Different Types of Homes

Vocabulary
Many people like the idea of living in an RV or trailer. While some trailers
and RVs are simple, others are expensive and very nice. RV. recreational vehicle that
you can drive, but also can
cook and sleep inside of

trailer. a place to cook and

sleep that is on wheels and
pulled behind a car

feature. charactetristic.
A nice part of something

Flick / dwstucke

1. Listen to Annie, an American girl who wants to live alone, talking about
how people around the world live. Help her to decide what to do. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Reply to Annie’s blog giving your opinion and advice.

3. Listen again and complete.

Write examples of different kinds of houses:

Write examples of features in trailers, houses, hotels, etc:

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Reading
Social Studies

What different materials can be used to build a house?

Homes Around the world

1. Imagine that you won a house in a lottery, but you have to choose from
one of the two houses to the left. Discuss with your partner which one
you choose and why.

2. Read the passage. Pay attention to the materials used.

It is surprising to learn how people live. The United States has

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houses made of wood or bricks. However, people around the world

live in houses made of grass, dirt, and cloth. Some people still make
their houses with straw. Some Peruvians build their houses of reeds.
Not only that, they also live on islands that are made of reeds, a plant
found in nature. In Andalucia, in the south of Spain, some people live
in underground houses called cuevas. During the winter, these houses
stay warm. In the Philippines, some people still live in tree houses made
StockSnap/Pixabay

of bamboo with grass roofs. China has many houses that are made
of hard soil. Dirt becomes as strong as brick when it is packed hard.
The Dayak people of Indonesia build some of their houses on stilts,
several feet above the ground. The frame of the house is made of steel.
The walls are made of tree bark and the floors are made of wood. People
build their houses according to their needs, weather, and available
building materials. All houses are different, but one thing is certain:
wherever you go, there’s no place like home!

3. Write T by the true statements and F by the false ones. If they are false,
rewrite the sentence with changes to make it true.

a. Most Americans are used to houses made of grass, dirt, or cloth.

b. Houses called “cuevas” in the south of Spain stay warm in the winter.

Vocabulary
c. In the Philippines, some people still live in grass houses.
wood. material from trees

brick. a small rectangular

block used in building
d. China has houses made of dirt which become as strong as bricks
straw. material to make
the famous “toquilla hats” with time.

reed. a tall, thin grass-like

plant
e. According to the conclusion of the reading, nothing compares to our
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stilt. long stick that supports

something own home.

frame. the basic structure

of a building

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 Writing
Language and Literature

What different types of homes are built in different parts of Ecuador?

Homes Around the World

1. Complete the paragraph by using the words below. Then compare with
a partner to see if your answers make sense.

Home sweet home! If you are reading this, it is because you

were about how it would be to live alone. At some
point, we all have felt how necessary and important our house is.
In fact, many who travel for work or studies away from home get
homesick because they have to live far from home. It is
to see how we humans miss our home, how we get
being far. Of course it depends on culture. For Americans, for
example, leaving home at age 18 is normal and . They
dream of living by themselves as young adults. It is said living alone
is , it is much more difficult than living with parents or
an adult. In the end, we all want to have our own home and eventually
this reality.

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the best
exciting thinking
depressed
becomes
interesting

Grammar Tip
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Don’t forget to write complete

2. Write a similar paragraph to the one above, describing your ideal home. sentences!
Use your imagination to create an ideal home.
Subject + verb(s) + complement.

Introduction

Detail 1

Detail 2

Detail 3 Vocabulary

in fact. really, as a matter

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Conclusion
of fact

homesick. experiencing a
longing for one’s home during
a period of absence from it

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Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary Reading
1 Complete the following story with words from 3 Read the following text and answer the questions
the chart. in complete sentences. You may rewrite part
of the question to include in your answer.
Verbs • was • living
Nouns • features • trailer Juan is twelve years old. He’s from Peru.
His hair is short and black. He has a cat
Ing Adjectives
things
• exciting • boring and two dogs. Juan lives in a small house
made of bricks and tiles with his mother
Ed Adjectives and grandmother. They have all the basic
feelings
• disappointed • tired
services except that sometimes there is no
Descriptive water. That’s a real problem when they need
Adjectives
• small • big
to cook, clean or take a shower. However,
for Juan there is no better place than home.
My friend Isabella was in
a for three years. That was
a. Where is Juan from?
when she six years old. The
experience was , but a little
difficult. She was about the b. Describe what Juan looks like?
room she had for her and
the limited of the trailer. For
example, she was of playing c. What is Juan’s house like?
inside and not having a
garden to play outside. She did not have
d. What basic services do Juan and his family not
a lot to do, so it was really
sometimes. have?

Writing

2 Write a short description of your life as a teenager

using the words from the chart above. Listening
4 You are listening to a couple of friends having
a conversation. Decide if the statements are True(T)
Introduction
or False(F).

a. Mary is talking with Louis about

Body (reason 1)
their families.
b. Louis was doing homework last night.
c. Mary is working on a school
Body (reason 2)
project now.
d. The two kids are playing.

Body (reason 3)
Speaking

5 Imagine you are living in a small trailer and your

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friend in a very comfortable and big house. Compare

Conclusion homes by describing to each other what amenities
you have and what you do not have.

14
 Assessment Who are you?
Writing Listening
1 Write a Descriptive Paragraph about your family and 3 Listen to John’s situation and place the letter in the
you in 30-40 words. Be as descriptive as possible. circle next to the correct answer.
Introduction John is still John was

Now, he He loves
Detail 1
a. mischievous. c. restless.
Detail 2 b. takes care of his d. his family a lot.
Conclusion
school things.
Speaking

Reading 4 Look at the two pictures. Give a short description

and compare them using adjectives.
2 Read the following paragraph and answer the
questions below.

Ecuador is a very diverse country; it has

many nice places and people that are all
different. We have a great variety of food
depending on the region. Ecuador has four
important regions: the Galapagos Islands,

Pixabay / Malkmus
Pixabay / ShonEjai
the coast, the highlands and the Amazon.
The coast and the Amazon are similar, but
the highlands region, where I live, is special
because we have different weather, animals and
languages. Ecuador is a good place to visit and
Grammar - Vocabulary
to live, so if you want to come, feel welcome.
Remember: “All you need is Ecuador.” This is 5 Complete the text using the words below.
our slogan for foreigners.
I’m Carlos and I’m fourteen. Teenagers are
a. According to the text, why is Ecuador very about their lives
a diverse country? sometimes. But I have my mom who helps
me feel better about mine. She is a very
b. Where does the author of the text live? and friendly woman. I love
to talk to her. Yesterday, I reading
a book when she arrived and then we had
c. Why does the author think the highlands region
a nice long conversation. Now my mom
is special?
talking to my 16-year-old
sister. We are very lucky to have her!
d. What is the slogan used to promote Ecuador in
other countries?
was is confused kind
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can read and understand about teens’ feelings.

I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can write descriptions of people.

15
 Project 1
People’s Generations
There is a contest about People’s Generations in your school and you want
to be the winner. Follow these steps:

Tip 1. You will investigate three generations: Generation Z, Millennials, and

Generation X. Ask people who live with you such as your parents,
Remember the use relatives and your own friends. Also ask neighbors and people at school
of comparatives, vivid adjectives from different generations.
and other words to describe
profiles as well as countries
and nationalities.
1997–2015
GENERATION

Z
AKA: iGeneration (iGen)
Post-Millenials
Homeland Generation

1980–1996
MILLENIALS AKA: Generation Y
Echo Boomers
Boomerang Generation

1965–1979
GENERATION

X
AKA: Latch-key kids
MTV Generation
13th Generation

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2. Use the following table to gather information.

Interests
Generation Age Nickname Special facts
& Hobbies

Vocabulary

AKA. also known as

vivid. clear images

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fact. something that is true

3. Once you have the information, make a collage using real pictures
collage. a group of pictures or related images from the interviewed people and present it to your
placed together to represent class. Remember to make comparisons among them. You may add
a theme or idea statements below the collage to compare generations.

16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary
WH-word she
1 Write the opposite of these descriptive adjectives. (what, Is he
where, it
(object) ?
when, you
big quiet who, Are we
how…) they
fat good
short funny Present and Past Continuous questions
old happy
9 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her present and past:
2 Write the nationalities of the people that were born
in these countries. I
WH-word you
(what, Are we
Verb
The U.S.A. where, they
+ (object) ?
when,
ING
Spain who, Is she
how…) he
England it

WH-word she
Mexico (what, Was he
Verb
where, it
Argentina when, you
+ (object) ?
ING
who, Were we
Ecuador how…) they

Do it in your notebook Reading

3 Write examples of adjectives + ED. Express how 10 Underline the present events in red and past events
you feel sometimes using some of those words. in blue, then answer the questions
in your notebook.
4 Write examples of adjectives+ING. Use some
of those words to answer what makes you feel Hello! I’m Ricky and today it’s my
that way. thirteenth birthday. Right now I am writing
about myself for a school project. I have
5 Make an ID card with your personal information to talk about a memory from my past and
(name, age, nationality, nickname) and draw your my present life. When I was 5 years old,
picture. my family was having a difficult time,
but my baby brother was born and that
6 Write examples of some house amenities that some made us all happy. I remember the day
houses have. he came home. We were all having
lunch and my little brother was sleeping.
7
Write adjectives describing types of houses My dad was calling everybody to tell them
(construction materials) the news and my mom was organizing the
baby’s clothes. Now everything is different.
Grammar My brother is playing video games and
my parents are working.
Present Simple questions
8 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her life in your notebook.
a. What is Ricky doing now?

I b. What was Ricky’s mother doing when the baby

WH-word you came home?
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(what, Do
we
where, they
when,
Verb (object) ? c. How old is Ricky’s little brother now?
who, she
Does
how…) he d. Why was Ricky’s father calling everybody?
it

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Which web pages do you visit regularly? How often? For how much time?

Teens on the Web

Value: Internet safety

Did you know that…

• Teens use the internet to try to deal with the anxiety they feel.
• It is very possible that our teens will have to face a harder economic
situation than the one we have now.
• There is a teenager who created a movement against violence, after
a shooting occurred at a high school in Florida, U.S.A. where lots
of students died. Her blog is very famous now.

1. Look at the pictures below. Describe some of the details you see in each
picture.
ay
b
xa
Pi

www

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2. Answer the following questions.
a. What do the pictures above have in common?
b. Describe any blogs that you have visited.
c. What do you think should be included on a school website?

3. Match each letter with the corresponding picture: A. whole body picture;
B. personal information; C. ID picture; D. your house picture. Discuss
which ones do you think should be on a person’s website profile? Which
should not? Why not?

Vocabulary

deal with. to manage, handle,

to be concerned with
Pixabay

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face. to confront. Accept

shooting. to fire a gun

blog. a website written in an

informal or conversational
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style

website. a specific address

on the internet with specific
Pixabay

Pixabay

information about something

18
 Oral Communication

Are avatars real?

Avatars
1. Do you know what an avatar is? Discuss your ideas with a partner.

2. Check ( ) the pictures that represent an avatar.

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3. Listen to someone talking about their experience with avatars and some
descriptions of their avatar friends. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
4. Challenge! Listen again and try to complete the chart/table under the
pictures.

ZACK JOSUE ALI

Grammar Tip

Remember we use from for

countries and no preposition
with nationalities. i.e. She’s
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from Chile = She’s Chilean.

Zack Josue Ali

Nickname

Country Vocabulary

avatar. animated figure

representing a person
Avatar’s especially on video games
content.
Descriptive chart/table. rows and columns
characteristics. of organized information
Personality
shy. timid, quiet, introverted
and physical
appearance shield. piece of hard material
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to protect yourself

5. Pair work. Discuss with a partner: Which avatar is the most interesting?
Explain why.

19
Reading

Which school websites have you visited besides your school’s website? Describe what school websites include.

School Websites
In your notebook, answer
the following questions. 1. You are an excellent designer so the school principal gives you the task
of making a website for your school. Choose the pictures you will include
• What information can you on it.
find on the website of the
school mentioned in the
reading? Give at least

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3 examples.

• Who can you see in the

logo students dog teacher information medicine
pictures on the right?

• Does the website have 2. Read the following paragraph.

the option to change
languages? Which?
My School’s Website
• Do you know if your school
has a website? (Find out One of my favorite websites is my school’s website. I like it because
if you don’t know) you can easily navigate and find many photographs and the most
What can you see there? important information about our school.
First, you see the homepage with the school logo and some
links. There you can watch videos of the school events; for example,
Grammar Tip
the school fest, Christmas or Carnival celebrations and sports
Connectors Use competitions. The best of our school website is the gallery with lots
of pictures of the school’s cheerleaders, the different club members,
First to start a
paragraph former students, etc. In addition, with just a click you can see the
different sections of the school: elementary school, junior high, and
In addition to add high school. Another interesting feature is that you can read and learn
information
the lyrics of the school anthem. You can also change it into different
to include languages like Spanish, German or English. One of the disadvantages
Also additional ideas is that some tabs are not ready yet. Another downside is that there is
to close and a lot of advertising on this website, but you can pretend not to see it.
To finish the
conclude paragraph To conclude, I think that my school has an excellent website.
You should check it out!

Vocabulary 3. Let’s play! Complete the following text with the words below and discover
the secret word by using the first letter of each.
homepage. the first (usually
general) information you see
Ball When Example
when a website is opened

logo. symbol that represents

something, like a company you navigate in a website, the first thing you see is
or team
the homepage with the title, which usually moves or has bright colors.
link. a connection on the web For , if you see the FIFA website, you will surely be
that takes you to another
captivated by the gold it shows.
website
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former. previous. Before. Earlier

Secret
anthem. hymn. An important Word
song for a country or school

20
 Writing
What information about a person should be included in a web profile?

Making a Web Profile

A teacher asks you to make your own web profile, but you are not sure
what it is. Follow the instructions below to learn about how to make your
own web profile.

1. Look at these two examples of descriptive paragraphs and choose

the one that is written correctly.

Paragraph 1
A web profile is good and you need to show something about
yourself.
It needs to have some nice information about who you are and
maybe your likes and dislikes.
And you can use all the information you want. You can show
your originality. There is no problem with it. You can make friends
and play online. My brother has one, but I don’t.

Paragraph 2

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Creating your own web profile is not a difficult task and
it can make you very popular.
Anyone can have a web profile and they are easy to make.
It must have a clear and nice presentation. It can be simple and
dull or sophisticated and interactive. It can connect to other media
applications and interesting and fun sites.
If you want to have many followers online, make your web
profile and update it every day with attractive ideas or even
pictures. It is a piece of cake!

2. Write your own paragraph about any website that you often visit.
There are words to help you.

Introduction First,
Vocabulary
Body (reason 1) In addition,
maybe. possibly

Body (reason 2) anyone. any person

clear. easy to understand

dull. boring. Not exciting

Body (reason 3) Also, follower. participant. Someone

that visits a website frequently
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even. inclusive
Conclusion To finish,
It is a piece of cake!. it is really
simple!

21
Language Through the Arts

Who is your favorite artist or musical group? What do you like about them?

Our Artists!
Value: Education for change
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
Did you know that…
1. Your friend is showing you a copy of the new album from your favorite
...nowadays, many artists don’t artist that he bought from a street vendor. Tell your friend how not buying
have any benefit from their original material can affect our singers or international singers.
creations. In Ecuador, as in
some other countries, there is 2. Read the following paragraphs and underline 5 superlative forms.
a society that tries to protect
them. It is called SAYCE. Music is one of the most entertaining hobbies in our lives.
However, Ecuadorian artists But we never think of who is behind the music we like to listen to.
say it is not enough.
The moment we get music, If we look at singers around the world, many have big fortunes
pictures and any other art because they have different forms to get money. For example,
expressions from the internet they have the benefit of studios for their recordings. They also have
or any other free source, we the most professional staff. In countries like Ecuador, the situation
cause artists great damage. is difficult because national artists don’t receive much outside
It affects them because they support. They work with their own money. For many, the most
work very hard and don’t difficult aspect is gaining acceptance and popularity. They invest
receive any compensation a lot to get a hit and when they perform in concert, people don’t go
from their job. because they prefer to listen to international singers.
We have to support our artists by buying their original CDs,
t-shirts, posters, and going to their concerts.

Superlative forms

Two-Syllable
One-Syllable IRREGULAR
adjectives
adjectives adjectives
(except if ending in Y)

The+adj+EST the+MOST+adj NO RULE

Fr
ee

beautiful- the most good-the best

pi

tall-the tallest
k

beautiful bad-the worst

handsome-the most
short-the shortest far- the farthest/furthest
handsome

My mom’s the most

I’m the shortest in the You are the best student
beautiful woman in the
Vocabulary family.
world.
at school.

source. where things come

from 3. Complete the following sentences by using the correct superlative form
of the adjectives in cyan.
compensation. payment
for work done a. Babies are nice. A baby is the person in this world.
support. money and products
b. My dad is good. He is the worldwide.
to help someone
c. Canada is really cold. It is the country of North America.
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invest. to spend money and

hope to earn more money d. That is a big hamburger. It is the in this restaurant.
hit. a successful song
e. My family is really important to me. They are the
or movie
in my whole life.

22
 Oral Communication

What information should be included in an online profile? What information should not be included?

Profiles
1. Listen to a radio program about some of the dangers on the internet
for teenagers. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Now, look at the pictures and check () the ones that were mentioned
in the listening.

Tip

When you listen, take some

notes on the important facts
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and important words!

3. Write two things teenagers can do to stay safe on the internet, and two
they must not do according to the listening.

1.

Vocabulary

overcome. to feel better after
2. a difficult situation
keep in mind. to remember.
Consider. Think about

1.

2.

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4. Pair work. With a partner: Discuss why the things mentioned

are dangerous.

23
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 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How can I describe my personality?

Talking About Myself

Value: Social-emotional abilities

Did you know that…

Some of us do not like to talk about ourselves. However, thirty
to forty percent of people worldwide love talking about themselves.
Freepik

It is considered a need just like the good sensation you feel when you
eat after being so hungry. That is a sensation that your brain feels when
you talk about yourself!! So, if you don’t usually talk about yourself, start
doing so. It can give your body a good sensation.

1. Tell your friend a couple of things you like about your personality and two
that you don’t like. You can use these words or others. Share examples
of what makes you feel these emotions.

Grammar Tip
happy sad angry
For yes/no questions, remember
to use do or does to start your

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questions.
do I-you-we-they ----?
does she-he-it ----?

surprised distracted disgusted

2. Go around the class. Complete the first word of the questions in the chart
below with the correct auxiliary. When you finish, ask the questions
to two different students. Make sure their answers are in complete
sentences.

Question Student 1 Student 2

...you like to talk about
yourself? What things do
you say?
...your best friend like to
Vocabulary listen to you? What is your
friend’s name?
however. use however to start … you feel good when you
a sentence with a different idea talk about yourself?
from the sentence before it … your mom (or dad) talk to
you about school
need. requirement, necessity. or friends?
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Something that you want

to happen 3. Let’s compare our answers. You can start like this:

brain. part of your body My classmate Juan says he talks about himself all the time. His best friend
that permits you to think doesn’t like...

24
 Oral Communication

What do other people think of me when I talk about myself? Am I interesting, boring, friendly?

This Is Me!
Talking about yourself sounds simple, but it can be very complicated
sometimes. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
1. Listen to Amy, an adolescent who gives you tips on how to talk about
yourself and sound attractive.

2. What does “DISH” mean according to Amy? Complete the lines next to
the initial letters to make words. Hi, I’m Amy.
D

3. Answer the following questions based on the listening.

a. What was the simplest thing for Amy when she was a child?

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b. Is this girl more talkative now than in the past? Support your answer.

Grammar Tip

Remember to use adjective+er

or more+adjective when
comparing two people,
animals, places, things
c. If you follow her advice, what will be simpler?
and use adjective+est or
the most+adjective when
comparing three or more.
Bigger than...taller than....more
interesting than... the biggest.....
the tallest....the most interesting
d. Who do you know that is talkative?

Vocabulary
e. What is not simple in you life right now?
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outgoing. open, friendly

simple. easy, not complicated

talkative. wanting to talk a lot

25
Reading

What are some things that motivate you?

Motivation
1. You are an excellent motivator at “TEDX talks,” which are seminars or
lectures. Your personality tests always say that you are good at cheering
people up. Today you are giving advice about motivation for teens like
you. What can you say to motivate teenagers? Discuss with a partner.

2. Read the passage.

Every day, most of us complain that our life is difficult, that nobody
loves us, that we have lots of homework, that teachers don’t understand
us, that our parents bother us so much…
We don’t think that beyond all that, there are millions of teens who
don’t have food, shelter, a school, friends, or even parents. It must be
terrible! Don’t you think so? Some of those kids are teens, just like you.
Many of them never complain about their difficulties because they see
life differently. They become life motivators and have great messages
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to transmit. The most amazing aspect is that these adolescents have

no parents, some are adopted, others were once homeless, or they are
disabled. They have really tough lives and they continue living and
smiling. They want the world to know that they are special, as every
teen is, and that it is possible to live a happy life.
Don’t you ever give up, enjoy each moment with your family and
friends. When you feel down, remember that there is always a person
that has a harder life than you.

3. Write the letter that best connects the following sentences.

a. Most adolescents enjoy every minute of our life.

b. There are teens who never complain.

c. Motivators are adolescents with tough problems.

d. We should complain about everything.

Vocabulary
4. Draw or paste an image
complain. to protest. Speak of yourself giving a talk
in a negative way to motivate teens in your
school. Write two ideas
beyond. outside limits that would motivate teens.
shelter. a place to live for
a short time

homeless. without home

disabled. incapacitated.
A physical limitation
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give up. to abandon. Stop 5. Show your partner the

trying picture and tell him/her
two ideas that you would
feel down. sad. Depressed say in that talk.

26
 Writing
Language and Literature

How are homes different in the regions of Ecuador?

Homes Around the World

You are a text editor and you need to check the following parts of a student’s
descriptive paragraph.

1. Read the following parts of a paragraph and match them with the
corresponding words on the right.

Who am I? I am an extrovert. I like

going out with friends. I read books on

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my free time. My friends say I am a nerd Conclusion
because books are my best friends, but
I am not. I am a person who enjoys all the
things from life.
Body
I believe that every person needs (reasons)
to have a social and personal life and that is
exactly what I do. Vocabulary
In conclusion, I can say I am a mixture believe. to think and have
or both worlds, the introvert and extrovert. Introduction an opinion about something
I adapt myself to the situation.
mixture. combination

both. two of something

2. Now, write your own paragraph about yourself. You can use the words
in the boxes below.

I am … extrovert/introvert happy/sad

for example I like/dislike tall/short to finish

I am Introduction

Detail 1

I like
Detail 2

To finish Conclusion
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27
Language Through the Arts

What are some examples of public art where you live?

Beyond Street Art

1. Look at the image to the left. What is it? What does it represent? What
do you think the artist is trying to communicate with this image? Discuss
with a partner.
2. You want to make sure your friend understands this text. After you read
it, make questions that will answer the information below. Use the chart
Freepik / Libertad Digital

to help you with the correct structure.

J.R., Kikito is a 34 year-old French photographer and street artist. He

is recognized for his outdoor work. People can see his talent especially
in areas with economic and social difficulties. For example, in 2008 he
painted the eyes of local women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in an old fabela,
which is a dangerous and poor neighborhood.
In La Habana, Cuba, there is a beautiful painting of some elderly
men from the Cuban revolution times. His latest famous piece of art is
of a Mexican child looking at the American side of the border fence built
to separate The United States and Mexico.

Grammar Tip

I – you Verb
WH-word Do we – they in
(what, where, when, (complement) ?
Does Base
who, how…) she – he – it
Form

Is she – he – it
WH-word No
(what, where, when, (complement) ?
you – we – Verb
who, how…) Are
they

3. Write a WH-question for each answer.

Vocabulary

image. a picture or painting a. ?

of something
He is a photographer and street artist.
local. a person who lives
in a particular area that b. ?
you are talking about
He is French.
neighborhood. a specific area
of a city
c. ?
elderly. people more than
65 years old He is 24 years old.
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border fence. a structure that d. ?

divides two areas, the limits
between two countries The representation of a Mexican child is in the border of Mexico
built. past of build = construct and the U.S.A.

28
 Oral Communication

What are some of the most beautiful cities in your country? In other parts of the world?

Describing Cities
1. Your family wants to move to a new city, but they do not know where.
You decide to research a few cities to help your family decide from the
three cities in the pictures below. Describe each city using the adjectives
from the box.

clean dirty quiet noisy small big

calm populated nice ugly warm cold

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1 2 3

a. The first city looks

and .

b. The second is
and .

c. The third seems

and .

2. Now complete the following questions using superlative forms of

the adjectives in parenthesis and then answer them. Write complete Vocabulary
sentences.
move. go to a different place
a. Which city looks ? (calm) to live with all of your clothes
and furniture

a few. a small number

of something
b. Which city looks ? (populated)
looks. appears to be. Example:
That car looks expensive

c. Which is ? (nice) seems. appear to be

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populated. an area where

people live
d. Which seems to be ? (warm) warm. temperature that
is almost hot

29
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary

1 Use the adjectives in parentheses to complete In addition, social networks can be the most
the spaces. Use superlative forms. Don’t forget to dangerous of all the web contents since many
use “the” before superlative adjectives. people do not think about its dangers. Experts
say web profiles are more dangerous than
a. An Ecuadorian artist doesn’t have written profiles. You have to be careful because
equipment for productions. you never know who is reading at the other side
(good) of the screen.
To conclude, we should use these
b. Starvation is problem technological tools to help ourselves and not to
a person can face. (bad) expose ourselves to danger.
c. That is hamburger in this
place. (big) a. What kind of interesting information do
websites have?
d. The Nile is river
worldwide. (long)

e. Ms. Universe is woman on

Earth. (beautiful)
b. Should more people worry about the dangers
Writing of the internet?
2 Time to make your profile for the web. Remember
to use a descriptive paragraph. Look at the examples
on page 21 to help you. (40-50 words).

c. What is the most dangerous of all the web

Introduction content?

Detail 1
d. What do experts say?

Detail 2

Detail 3 Listening

4 Listen to a couple of teens talking about their

profiles. Write True(T) or False(F).
Conclusion
e. Jessy is showing a message
to her friend.

Reading f. Joe knows the guy on the web.

3 Read the following text and answer in complete g. Jessy is blocking the guy now.
sentences the four questions below.
h. The two teens are exposed to the guy.
Websites are very popular at the present
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time. They usually have interesting facts that Speaking

attract our attention; however, they can also
5 Choose a place you like best in Ecuador. Make a
be addictive.
description of it in detail. What can you see and do
there? Your friends have to guess what place it is.
30
 Assessment Who are you?
Grammar - Vocabulary
My hometown is very small, so it is not very
1 Complete the chart below with the words you populated. There are less than 100.000 people
learned in the lessons and then make three complete living in it. The most interesting activities are
sentences in the lines using those words: the sports contests and the music festivals. People
Descriptive are very friendly and talkative. However, there
Countries Nationalities
Adjective is a drawback. Not all houses have the necessary
Cuba amenities like warm water to shower or even
electricity. Anyway, we love our city and we have
populated
a great time with our friends and family there.
Brazilian

•
a. What is the writer’s hometown like?

•
b. How many people live in the town?

• c. What are people in that town like?

Writing
d. Name a negative aspect of the town.
2 Now, write a short description of your neighborhood.
Include the name of your neighborhood, location
in the city, what you like , what it needs. Listening
Introduction 4 You are listening to a woman speaking about her
personality. Decide which statements are True(T)
or False(F).
Body (reason 1)
a. Lola talks with both her mother
and her friends.
Body (reason 2)
b. Teachers allow Lola to explain
the school projects they send.
Body (reason 3)
c. Lola makes videos of herself dancing.

Conclusion
d. Lola prefers not to show her videos
to her best friend.

Speaking
Reading
5 A tourist arrives to your city and he wants to know
3 Read the following text and answer the four
what it is like. Describe your city to him using
questions below in complete sentences.
words you learned in these lessons. It is.....it has.....

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can read and understand about teens’ motivation.

I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can write about people’s descriptions.

31
 Project 2
Make Your Web Avatar
You love video games and your teacher tells you to create your avatar for it.

Tip

You know how to make 1 Get your best picture and based on it,
create the best Avatar ever!
descriptive paragraphs,
so write a great one about your
avatar. It has to be the most
incredible and the most amazing
you’ve seen.
2 Use an A3 cardboard or any hard
material and make an excellent frame.

3 Draw your avatar, and on the side, make

a square that contains at least 5 adjectives
that describe your super avatar.

4 Present it to the class, be as descriptive

as possible by using your 5 adjectives.

Good luck!!!
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• Write down examples of why your avatar looks like it does.....what does it
have....what do the things represent....

Vocabulary • Write 5 adjectives you will use to describe your avatar.

picture. photo or image taken

with a camera

cardboard. a hard piece

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of paper

frame. something that goes • Using your ideas from above, in your notebook, write a paragraph with
around a picture or window complete sentences that describes what your avatar looks like, what is
has, what it represents, etc.

32
 English What are some advantages
Pedagogical Module 2 of living in a city?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

Possessive adjectives:
4 Community and

So
my, your, his, etc. 5

ci
neighborhood life

lSa
tu
d
Future: going to Traditional songs,
3

ie
6

s
and present continuous music and instruments

Ar
t
ish

La
Modals: have
2
gl

ng
to and must
The
En

Tales and
7

ua
legends

ge
Cool City

an
Past simple

d
1

Li
and continuous

te
ra
t
ur
e
Values

Environmental Intercultural
10 care 9 diversity 8 Traffic education

Big Cities
Big cities around the world are usually very
crowded and busy. Most of them are facing similar
problems nowadays. For instance, there is a lot of
noise, delinquency, garbage, pollution, and so much
traffic. In Quito, the authorities at City Hall are
taking action to help solve the problem. They are
not allowing people with cars to drive for a specific
day each week. This new law is called “hoy no circula.”
The day is chosen according to the last number
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of the car's license plate. This law reduces the number

of cars circulating in the city during rush hour.
What do you think of this law?
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Consider some of the problems that big cities have. Make

a list of advantages and disadvantages of living in the
place where you live. Compare the ideas with a partner.

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How many places have you visited in the countryside, outside of the city?

Living in the Countryside

Vocabulary
Did you know that…
richness. abundance • Ecuador has most of its cultural richness in its countryside.
still. continuing, up to • There are still some tribes that don’t have any kind of human
the present, up to a moment contact in Ecuador’s Amazon region and some of them do not even
wear clothes as we know clothes. They do wear clothes made from
countryside. rural area
materials in nature such as ropes and leaves, but not like we see
in the city every day.
• Quichua is a language that some students in the countryside learn
at schools.
• Ecuador has protected areas and they are in Ecuador’s countryside.

1. Look at the pictures and think of at least two advantages and two
disadvantages of “Living in the Countryside.” Compare your answers
Tip with a partner.
You can ask your partner’s
opinion by saying:

Pixabay / Jerzy Andrzej Kucia

What do you think (of…)?
Or what’s your opinion/
point of view (about…)?
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2. Challenge! Complete the chart below by writing two examples

of a small city or a town in the countryside that you know about. Also,
write a characteristic that makes the place special. There is an example
to help you.

Place Characteristic
Guano in Chimborazo It has the best “cholas.” A kind
of bread that looks like “allullas”
but sweet.
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3. Now write three sentences comparing a big city with a small town
in the countryside. You can go over Module 1 to remember the correct use
of comparatives such as busier, quieter, more crowded, etc.
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Pixabay / Free-Photos

2
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

What is it like living in the countryside? Would you like to live in the country?

Pros and Cons of Living in the Countryside

1. Your cousin from a big city wants to know about your town which is in
the countryside. Look at the pictures and write P for Pros (advantages)
and C for Cons (disadvantages) of living in the countryside. Compare
your answers with a partner.

Pixaba / Quinn Kampschroer

Pixabay / Steve Buissinne

Pixabay / Pexels
Pixabay / Poswiecie
Pixabay / Pexels

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2. Listen to the conversation between Jan from Quito and Kevin from Pintag.
Complete the dialogues by using the words in the box. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
sick pollution are town air

Jan: Hey, Kevin. How you doing?

Kevin: I am OK, and you? You look pale.
Jan: Yes, I'm . You know the weather changes
so quickly, and there is lots of pollution near my house. So, my doctor said
Vocabulary
all those things cause allergies, and that is what I have now.
Kevin: I'm so sorry to hear that. I, on the other hand, feel very good. pale. skin with very little color,
I can breathe fresh , the food we eat is what sickly
my grandparents cultivate so its organic and doesn’t have any chemicals. weather. climate
Another advantage is that in my home town, there are not too many cars
so there is very little . pollution. dirty (air, land,
water)
Jan: You are right! Your lifestyle is healthier, but I really like living
in Quito. There is a lot of public transportation, a lot of malls, cinemas breathe. to take air in
and even hospitals.
to each his own. each one can
Kevin: Well to each his own. I don’t want to change my beautiful choose what they prefer
for any place else.

3. Listen to a conversation between a father and son. In your notebook,

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write down the advantages of living in the country and the advantages Audio
of living in the city. Listen to the dialogue.

4. Listen to the conversation again. Write down any disadvantages you hear
about living in the country and/or the city.

3
Reading
Language and Literature

What stories can you remember that take place in the country?

Stories from the Country

1. Do you remember some stories you heard as a child? I bet you do! Look at
the pictures and tell your teacher if they remind you of a story.

2. Read the following blog post about a teen who tells us an interesting story.
Pixabay / pasja1000

Hi! I am Rosy. I lived in the country as a child. It was an excellent time

of my life. I remember one day, I was going to the river because it was
my favorite place to take a shower and refresh myself. As I was walking,
I saw a little girl. She was very beautiful with her long black hair.
She was crying. I immediately ran up to her, and as I was getting closer,
she stood up and ran away. I ran faster to catch up with her. When
I finally got close to her, she turned and I could see her face was full of scars.
I screamed like crazy and returned to my house. I told the story to my
mom and she told me that happened to girls like me who didn’t listen
to their mothers. My mommy always told me not to go to the river alone,
Pixabay / AlexaFotos

but I never paid attention. It was my favorite place and I had lots of fun
there. However, I learned the lesson. So kids, always listen to your mother!!
I really don’t know how, but they always know what is best for us.

3. Now answer the questions from the story about Rosy.

Tip

Before you search for new a. Explain why you liked or didn't like the story.
words, read all the text quickly
to get a general idea of
the meaning.
b. Have you heard about a similar story in your childhood?
Then, the second time, read
more carefully and underline
words you don't know. c. What were you thinking about as you were reading the passage?

d. What’s the lesson learned with this story?

Vocabulary 4. Complete the chart with information from the reading. When you finish
compare your answers with your partners by making small groups.
run up to. to approach
by running
Story characters Events
as. while, meanwhile, during
lived in the countryside.
catch up with. to reach
the same position Rosy’s mother
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scars. marks on the skin

was crying.
caused by an injury or cut

mommy. mom At the end, Rosy

4
 Writing
Social Studies

What time do you get out of bed to start your day?

Grammar Tip
Daily Activities in the Country
1. Your friend who lives on a ranch is telling you her morning routine.
To express the sequence
Look at the sequence of pictures and describe what the girl was doing of events you can use
before school. connectors like:
• First, First of all, At first…
• Second, Then, After, Later
(on), Third, Right after (that),
Sometime later…
• In the end, Eventually, Finally,

Freepik
At last…
05:00 05:25 06:00 07:00

2. Write numbers 1-6 in the circles next to the sentences to make a logical
sequence of the activities your friend did this morning. Remember

• Then she fed the chickens. Simple past Past progressive

• And in the end she gave the horse water. describes past
describes finished actions in progress
• Today while I was sleeping, Louise was doing activities in her ranch. actions in the past. during
a period of time.
• She wakes up very early every morning. Structure: Structure:
Subject + verb Subject + was/
• For example she milked the cows. in the past + were + ing verb +
complement. complement.
• This is my friend Louise. Examples:
Examples:
- I was watching
- Before school, vs
TV when you
I watched TV this
3. Challenge! Now it is your turn to tell your friend what your morning called me last
morning.
routine was. First write a sequence of activities you did this morning night.
before coming to school and then share your ideas. Use the sequence - My friend helped
- Louise was
her mother and
connectors from the writing tip above. working in her
after she went to
ranch while
school.
1 I was sleeping.
It uses regular
2 When combined
verbs (watch-
with simple past,
watched, help-
3 it uses connectors
helped) or irregular
like: as, while,
verbs (go-went,
4 when
drive-drove).
5

Vocabulary
4. Exchange books with a partner and read his/her routine to contrast
it with yours. routine. something done
frequently at the same time
5. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb forms in parenthesis.
fed. past of the verb feed.
a. My friend the cows while I was sleeping. (milk) To give food to animals
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b. She very early this morning. (wake up). ranch. a farm

c. My mom when I arrived. (cook). milk. the job of getting milk
d. My friend to the beach yesterday. (travel) from animals

5
Language Through the Arts
Art

What are some ways to get someone's attention?

Short Songs to Attract Someone

Value: Intercultural diversity

Ecuador is a megadiverse country and everywhere you go there’s

culture. In this section, we'll refer to the coastal region of Ecuador,
where people have an original tradition called in Spanish “amorfinos.”
You must be wondering what an "amorfino" is. An “amorfino” is kind
of a rhyme that is a mixture of a romantic poem with some humor.
It has influence from the couplet which has its origin in Spain. People
from the coastal countryside of Ecuador are called "montubios" and
Flikr / Ministerio Turismo Ecuador

they have lots of traditions. To make women fall in love, they use
the popular and funny “amorfinos.”

1. Write Correct(C) or Incorrect(I) next to the following statements

according to the text above. Then make small groups and write corrections
to the incorrect statements.

• “Amorfinos” are from the capital of Ecuador.

• “Amorfinos” are some rude expressions.

• “Amorfinos” have Spanish influence.

• “Montubios” live in Cuenca.

2. Pair work. Answer the following questions and compare with a partner.

a. What is a typical way on the coast of Ecuador to make a woman fall

in love?

b. Describe with your own words what "amorfinos" are.

c. In your city or town, what does a boy do to get a girl’s attention?

Vocabulary

megadiverse. with a lot of

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diversity

wonder. to ask oneself

d. Challenge! In your notebook, write an "amorfino" in your own
couplet. a short song language. Share it with your partner and ask him/her if he/she likes it.

6
 Oral Communication

What are some things you would enjoy about living in the countryside?

Disagreement
1. You will listen to Sophie talking about her life in the countryside. Before you
listen, choose the picture that you think will best describe what she will say. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Listen to her now and check your answer. Did you choose the correct
picture? Discuss with a partner details of how the pictures are different.

3. Read the following sentences. There is one word in each that is incorrect
according to the listening. Rewrite the sentences with the corrections.

Pixabay / Jill Wellington

• Every morning that she wakes up she can listen to the birds chirping.

• The fresh air she can breathe is wonderful.

Pixabay / Chris Aram

• In the country, people are not very friendly.

Tip

• We share all of our things and are rude with each other. Try to write some key words
down to compare your
answers later.

4. Look at the chart below. Now, listen to those people again and check
where they stress their voices when using those expressions to agree Value: Environmental care
or disagree with Sophie. Which words have a different sound? Listen
closely! It doesn’t matter if you live
in the city or the country,
everyone should take care of the
Grammar Tip environment. People in the city
can throw away garbage they
To express agreement or disagreement there are some expressions you
find on the streets or in parks.
can use:
In the country, make sure trails
and lakes always look their
Agreement Disagreement How?
natural best.
I think so. I understand your point, but
I agree to some extent. I think… polite
Tell me about it. (slang) I see what you mean but… Vocabulary

I don’t think so. country. rural area outside

I couldn’t agree with you
I totally disagree. strong of a populated city
more.
I don’t agree at all.
lungs. parts of your body
that permit you to breathe
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share. to divide or to distribute

5. In small groups, share with your partners your opinion on Sophie’s ideas something with other people
and agree or disagree on their opinions. Use the expressions in the chart.
stress. accent, emphasis

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Where are rain forests in Ecuador that you can visit?

Traveling
1. You are interested in traveling next summer but you are not sure where
You are a tour guide, and to go yet. Make a list of the most popular tourist places that you have
want to convince foreigners heard. Compare the list with a partner.
to visit the Amazon region
of Ecuador. Prepare a little 2. Now your friend gives you a travel magazine to help you make up your
poster to promote it. mind. Read the article below about The Amazon Region of Ecuador
Challenge! Use some of the to decide if you want to go visit this place.
new vocabulary from the text.
Most people travel in order to visit and discover new places, new
cultures and traditions. Many tourists prefer very well-known attractions
like Disney World in the U.S.A., The Eiffel Tower in France, and the
Egyptian pyramids. However, there are some others that prefer to go
to exotic places like the Amazon region in Ecuador or the ancient ruins
of Machu Picchu in Peru. The Amazon region of Ecuador is an incredible
place that hundreds of tourists choose to visit every year. They love
to see the amazing vegetation of its rainforests, its wild animals or the
way some communities live. They want to learn from their customs,
see their houses, try their food, and go fishing. Indigenous people from
Tip the Amazon have a different way of dressing, they grow different types
of fruits and vegetables, and use different ways of cooking. For example,
Use the expressions below
they use spices that are typical in the region. Some spices are even brought
to express your ideas.
from the rivers that connect to the famous Amazon River, the largest
The place that I am speaking about river in the world. Also, there are some tribes that are still uncontacted.
is… It’s located in… There are For all of the reasons mentioned, the Amazon Region of Ecuador is an
some…The natural reserve called… attractive tourist place where people from all over the world come to visit
is there. It has…and…We can see… and enjoy it.
Its typical…is/are…

Pixabay / blackend464

Vocabulary

make up your mind. decide,

make a decision

in order to. to
3. After reading the article, you decide to go visit the Amazon Region
well known. very popular of Ecuador. In your notebook, write reasons and explain to you teacher
ruins. old architecture why you chose this place.
Flikr / Ministerio Turismo Ecuador

fishing. activity that consists 4. In your notebook, write a description of

of catching fish the place using the tips on the left. Also
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spices. condiments write a slogan such as “All you need is

Ecuador.”
uncontacted. virgin/not visited
or known

8
 Oral Communication

Have you ever visited the Cuyabeno national reserve? What can you see and do there?

Cuyabeno National Reserve

Tip
1. You want to learn more about the Amazon region of Ecuador so you
listen to a national radio show where three speakers talk about their visit When listening, try to copy
to the national reserve Cuyabeno. key words as they sound
(do not worry about spelling
2. Match the speakers from the listening (Laura, Kate and Miller) to the
pictures using the letters L, K or M. or grammar), then you can
predict what they are or mean.

Pixabaya / Hans Schwarzkopf

Pixabay / Luis Deltreehd

reepik / jassada9951
3. Listen again for who says the statements below. Then write H for the
Host, L for Laura’s opinion, K for Kate’s opinion and M for Miller’s opinion. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
• I was captivated by the vegetation.

• I was impressed by the trees.

• I liked the way the communities live.

• Would you recommend visiting Cuyabeno?

4. Pair work. With a partner put a check mark next to the things below
that people talked about during the listening activity. Discuss which
things you would like to see if you went to Cuyabeno.

5. When visiting Cuyabeno national reserve, the visitors were captivated by:

• The houses

• The birds

• The price of the trip

• The clear water

• The food
Vocabulary
• The communities
Cuyabeno. a national reserve/
Pixabay / Momentmal

park deep in the Ecuadorian

Amazon region

huge. big
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community. a small populated

area

captivated. attracted, giving

attention to

9
 Language Through the Arts
Art

Have you danced, or seen others dance to the rhythm of the "Marimba"? Where ? When?

Discovering Our Origins

Flickr / ministerioculturaypatrimonio

Value: Intercultural diversity

When we listen to the word “marimba,” a nice and happy dance comes
to our minds, and we immediately think of people from Esmeraldas,
on the northern coast of Ecuador.
But did you know that…
Vocabulary • Its origin was in Colombia?
• There is evidence of its existence

Cabrera, A.
come to one’s mind. suddenly since the XVII century?
think of something, imagine
• Marimba is also the name
northern. located in the north of the instrument made
of “Guadua” sugar cane,
evidence. proof
used for making music?
sugar cane. a plant where
sugar comes from

nickname. an informal name 1. In groups, investigate more about this popular province of Ecuador.
close friends call you In your notebooks, write about the dance, food, attractions, and other
parts of Esmeraldas culture. Then compare your ideas with other
students.

Grammar Tip 2. You have a friend who lives in Loja and he/she has never been
to Esmeraldas. Write a postcard to him/her, telling him/her what you
When writing a postcard: know about that province. On one side of the postcard, make a drawing
of something that represents this beautiful province.
1. Start with Dear + your
friend’s name.
2. Use descriptive adjectives
to talk about the place you
write about. i.e. Esmeraldas
province has incredible
and beautiful beaches like…
3. Finish with See you
(soon / next week / month /
year) and your signature
(it can be your nick name.)
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Freepik
mo Turis
Ministerio

10
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

What could be some reasons that Guayaquil is called “La Perla del Pacífico”? Have you visited Guayaquil?

City Life in Guayaquil

1. Have you been to Guayaquil? What do you know about it? Write notes
and discuss in small groups to compare your ideas.

2. Listen to Alexia, a teenager visiting Guayaquil, a big city on the coast

of Ecuador. Then complete the following statements using the verbs Audio
in the boxes in the past tense. Listen to the dialogue.

can visit decide

a. Alexia different public places in Guayaquil.

b. She to go see her friends there.

c. Alexia is happy she walk along Pier 2000.

Tip
3. Look at the pictures and check the ones Alexia mentioned.
When discussing ideas
in groups, it is important
Pixabay / Juan Carlos Rodríguez Clavijo

to be polite and respect each

other’s turns. You can use
expressions like:
May I say something?,
Flickr / VVNincic

It’s my turn, I’m sorry.

It’s your turn. Go ahead!,
Why don’t we…?
Pixabay / Gabriel Vera
Flickr / MeRyan

Vocabulary

port. a place where ships

arrive to load and unload cargo

crowded. full of people

handicrafts. objects made

Pixabay / Walkerssk
Flickr / GustavoM

by hand for decoration.

Many places, such as Otavalo,
have specific handicrafts

along. to go in one direction

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pier. a place built in the water

Research and write notes about other interesting public places, where ships park. On top
attractions, or important facts about Guayaquil. Then, you can share there may be attractions
your new ideas with the class. where people can go

11
Reading
Social Studies

Give examples of places where people go when they want to do something away from their home.

Public Places
1. Your little brother wants to learn about some public places in the city
Write a list of public places and why people go there. Circle the city images your brother recognizes
you like to go to. and explain why people go to the places.
Who do you go there with?
When do you go there?
What do you do there?

Pixabay
2. Now read the text and find the words to label the pictures above.

All cities around the world, small or large, quiet or noisy, clean
or polluted, have public places. There are some where people can
enjoy time with family or friends like parks, swimming pools, stadiums
and concert halls. Others are for business and commercial purposes.
For example, stores, markets and banks. When we need medicine, there
are public hospitals, medical centers and drug stores. Young people look
for some fun time at the movie theaters, restaurants and bars; mostly at
Vocabulary night. There are also day care centers, schools and universities where
people go to learn. No matter where you live, people share public places
label. assign to a category almost every single day.
quiet. a silent or calm place
or person
3. Complete the following statements using words from the text above:
swimming pool. place where
you can swim • Soccer players, sports coaches, kids and pets go to
to play, practice sports and relax.
concert hall. a large room
for concerts • You can go to the beach, or rivers to practice water sports.
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mostly. usually, generally

• We find vegetables, fish, chicken, soda, etc. at a .
day care center. places
that provide attention • Babies and toddlers don’t go to school yet. They stay at a
and care for young children when their parents work.

12
 Writing

What are some cities that you would like to visit? Explain why.

Advertising a City

1. You work at the Ministry of Tourism and you have to promote a city
in your country with a nice ad. Follow the instructions below.

• Choose a city or town you know very well.

• Circle things from the chart below that best describe some of the
attractions in the city.
• Write an attractive title for the ad. (It can include: an adjective +
the name of the city you chose, a phrase or slogan.)
• Write complete sentences describing the city, using the words
you circled, or others.

Studylib
• You may include a map of the city with its attractions.

Public places: malls, restaurants, parks, cinemas, beaches, stadiums,

coliseums, schools, etc.

Location on the map: in the north/northern, in the south/southern,

in the coast, in the Amazon region, in the highlands, etc. Grammar Tip

Interesting attractions: National Park Statue of Quantifiers:

Monument of , River, etc. For large a lot of, lots
quantities of, many, and
Art: music instruments, dance, songs, artists names, etc. use: much.
For small a few, a little,
Typical food: fish “ceviche”, potatoes with pork “fritada”, rice with seafood, quantities (very) few,
etc. use: (very) little.
For NO no, not any,
Others: festivals, weather, people, etc. quantity use: none.
For
2. You are ready to write your AD! Don’t forget to use some quantifiers listed unspecified some
at the right. For example: many parks, lots of malls, etc. (50-60 words) quantity use:

Let’s visit

. Vocabulary
(name of the city)

In Ministry of Tourism.
government department
there are for the country’s tourism

ad or advertisement.
(quantifier + noun)
a public announcement
to promote something
You can visit
(quantifier + noun)
national park. a protected
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area in the countryside

seafood. sea / ocean animal

served as food. For example:
shrimp, fish, oysters

13
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary

1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past

continuous. Use the verbs in parenthesis. Ecuador is a country.
a. Rosy (milk) her cows while from the Amazon
her friends (sleep). and the coast are quite similar.
Galapagos is similar to
b. My mom (wake up)
very early yesterday. Galapagos’ flora and fauna are
worldwide.
c. My dad (cook) when I
(arrive) from my school.
Listening
d. My friend (feed) her dogs
this morning. 4 Listen to Hannah and Paul from Canada talking
about their experience in a town close to Cuenca.
Writing Write H for Hanna’s information and P for Paul’s.

2 Write about a town in Ecuador. (50-60 words) a. visited Azuay.

Describe the things that the town has and what you
like about it. b. asked about his trip.
The place that I am writing about is
c. said there were a church and a museum.
. It’s located in
and d. will visit Azuay too.

Speaking

5 Look at the picture below and describe what you see

in complete sentences using the vocabulary learned
in this lessons.

Reading

3 Read the following text and then complete the

information after the reading.

Ecuador is a multicultural country. You can

find interesting and incredible customs in its
territory. If you go to the coast, you can find
music, dancing, food and clothes. These are
different in the highlands but a bit similar to the
customs and traditions in the Amazon. Finally,
The Galapagos Islands have similar food and
Wikimedia / Alfredobi

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traditions to the coast. However, its flora and

fauna are unique in the world.

14
 Assessment What are some advantages of living in a city?
Grammar - Vocabulary
It’s a free spectacle but you must find
1 Circle the word(s) that best complete the sentences: 3 a good place to see the parade early before
a. Some / a little / any people that live in the it starts because it can be really crowded. If you
countryside enjoy the fine/fresh/free air and go to Rio, you can also enjoy at the beautiful
healthy food. beaches or eat the famous churrasco in a
traditional Brazilian restaurant.
b. In the city, there is not many / much / little time
to be with your family, especially if you live close /
clean / far from work. a. A few people worldwide go visit
Brazil during its Carnival.
c. A (n) ad / center / hall is a type of publicity
b. Only men and women with children
to attract and buy/ promote / produce a place
walk along the streets in the parade.
or a product.
c. You need to arrive early to find
d. No / Much / A lot of public places are free, a good place to see the spectacle.
for example the park / the cinema / restaurants.
d. The parade is the only attraction
Writing in Brazil during Carnival celebration.

2 Write about the public places in your city. Use the Listening
vocabulary learned in this unit. (50-60 words)
4 Michael’s job is to visit interesting cities around
Start like this:
the world. He’s at a radio show now, sharing some
experiences. Listen to the show and answer the
In my city questions in complete sentences.
a. What public places does Michael have to pay
to go to?

b. What does Michael do with the pictures
he takes on his trips?

Reading c. How does Michael help the people and places

he visits?
3 Read the text below that continues on the top

of the page. After reading, write (T) for the true
information or (F) for the false information. d. What do you think is the best part of Michael's job?

In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, there is a very
famous Carnival celebration. A lot of people Speaking
from around the world visit this city to see the
incredible parades where men, women and 5 Recommend some places to see and activities to do
children wear colorful costumes while they walk in the city or town you live. Be very descriptive to
and dance along the streets for many hours. promote the place.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can speak about the city and the countryside.

I can read and understand stories in the past.
I can write an ad to promote a city.
I can express quantity by using quantifiers.

15
 Project 1
A Dream City
In small groups: You are going to be city planners. Create an ideal city
to live in.
Tip

Remember: Perfect cities have

many public spaces, no traffic,
a few people, jobs for everybody,
excellent transportation, fresh
and natural food, and good
hospitals and schools.

Freepik
1. Look at the pictures above and complete the next chart. If you prefer,
you can draw a mind map to organize your ideas such as: what willl
the city have, how will people move around, what things should be close
to each other, where will people play and shop, etc.

Tip

Remember to use polite expressions Food is natural, fresh, free of chemicals,…

when organizing and working
as a team! Location It’s by the sea, the river,…
People are…
House style/material
Education
Health
Traffic
Vocabulary Public spaces/
attractions
public. the opposite of private,
for everyone to use Your own idea(s)
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mind map. an organizer

for ideas 2. When you have all the ideas for your dream city completed in your mind
map or chart, make a poster to show and explain your class what your
health. a person's physical dream city is like.
and mental well-being
3. Take turns so every member of the group speaks.
16
 Let’s review!
Grammar - Vocabulary
What are some things that the Mayor of a city
1 Use the next words to answer the questions in can do to make the city better? Use the images at
complete sentences. the left. Example: The Mayor can build new public
spaces.

crowded City Hall The Mayor
•
a. You are the authority job in the city you live,

what’s your official charge?
•


b. Where do you work?
•


c. What important problem does the city have?
Compare the city in the past with the city now by
matching the statements.

Two years
2 Look at the images to answer the following question. there was less traffic in the streets.
ago
Use verbs like: build, clean, reduce, etc.
Nowadays we have lots of cars everywhere.

Reading

3 Read the following text and answer the questions.

My aunt Martha lives in the countryside.

Pixabay / Angelic cooke

She enjoys her home because it is quiet and calm.

She also loves eating fresh food and milking
the cows every morning. She can make cheese
and delicious meals from the milk. However,
her son Juan lives in the capital city, which
is big and crowded. There are lots of cars and the
air is not clean at [Link] she visits her son,
she feels sick and sad. She doesn’t understand
how people can live in those conditions
and worries about her son.
Pixabay / WikimediaImages

a. What are the differences between Martha’s home

and her son’s?

b. What does Martha use to prepare delicious food?

c. Why is Martha worried about her son?

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Cabrera, A.

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How many different traffic signs are there in Ecuador? All over the world?

Traffic Signs, Signals and Symbols

Value: Traffic education

Did you know that…

• Traffic signs appeared in the Roman Times to help people understand
Pixabay / GerdAltmann

the rules.
• In 1968, there was an attempt to unify all traffic signals around
the world, but it was not accepted by some countries.
• Countries like the United States and the United Kingdom have signs
with “tanks” as pictures to let you know that there is a military base.
• There are some strange signs like a high heel with the broken heel.
This is to let ladies know the road is irregular or bad to walk with high
heels.

1. Challenge! How much do you know about traffic? Match the letter
of the picture with the descriptions below. Compare your answers with
Tip a partner.
SCHOO
ZONE
Don’t forget to respect A B C SCHOOL D E
everybody’s turns and use ZONE
Pixabay / AnnaliseBatista

polite expressions like: SLOW

I’m sorry. It’s your turn! SCHOOL DOWN
SLOW
Could I go next please? Oops, ZONE
DOWN SCHOOL
I was wrong! Excuse me, ZONE
I’m next. F G H I ROAD
SLOW WORK
DOWN ROAD AHEAD
SLOW
WORK
DOWN
AHEAD

ROAD
WORK
• accepted AHEAD
speed • ROADdon’t go this way
WORK
AHEAD
• reduce the speed • road construction ahead

Vocabulary • don’t U turn • a stop is ahead soon

unify. to have everything • stop • road does not have exit ahead
equal
• school near
strange. unusual, odd, weird,
not normal
2. Let’s play! Each team draws or writes at least five new and creative traffic
high heels. formal shoes
signs on some flash cards or white small paper. They give a member
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that make women seem taller

of the other team a card to act out in order for the other members of their
speed. velocity group to guess. The team that guesses the most signs wins.

turn. change directions 3. In small groups draw or make a traffic light and explain to the class what
each color represents and explain what drivers should do at each light.

18
 Oral Communication

What things should be included in traffic education?

Traffic Education
1. Listen to a girl named Joy talking. What is the main topic? When you
know it, answer the questions below. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
• What new subject is Joy studying in her school?

• Discuss and write down the differences between drivers, pedestrians

and passengers?

Drivers

Pedestrians

Passengers

• According to the recording, what could be dangerous for pedestrians?

2. Look at the pictures and write pedestrian crossing, driver and passenger
on the lines given.
Pixabay / CS Houghton
Pixabay / Nick Walker

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3. In small groups discuss what pedestrians need to do. Write at least three
rules to follow to protect yourself on the street.

2
Vocabulary
3
subject. what you learn in
4. Listen to Joy again and say what her last reflection is. Do you agree school like Math, Science, etc.
or disagree with her? pedestrian. a person who
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walks along streets, roads

passenger. a person
who uses transportation

19
Reading

When, how, and who should educate future drivers?

Traffic Education
1. Challenge! In small groups check the topics you know about traffic
in your city. Check the ones you know about from the following list.
Grammar Tip

Look at the table below to make Traffic light colors Traffic light meanings
sure that when you read and
write, you understand and use
the correct reflexive pronoun.
Driving rules Driver responsibilities

Subject Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pedestrian obligations
Passengers’ rights
and responsibilities
I Myself
You Yourself 2. Read the following paragraph, pay attention to the words highlighted
in blue.
He Himself

She Herself There are students from high schools who in the past used to receive
a subject called “Traffic Education,” but this doesn’t exist anymore.
It Itself These students used to apply their learning on the streets.
We Ourselves Nowadays, traffic education doesn't exist. People don’t know
much about traffic signs, signals, and their responsibilities as citizens.
You Yourselves
The Police recommend instructing ourselves about this, and there is
They Themselves information about it on their webpage. If you want to know more
information on this topic, access the police website and teach yourself
about the subject.

3. Complete the phrases using the correct reflexive pronoun.

• Traffic officers solve the city’s traffic jam problems .

• We can save our lives by respecting the traffic

signs and symbols.

• You can teach anything new by reading, researching

and asking experts.

4. Write the letter a, b, or c in the picture it describes.

a. Subject received in schools in the past.

b. Students directing the traffic themselves.

c. Information about the subject.

Vocabulary

used to. to express habits

Flickr / Secretaría de Movilidad

from the past

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apply. to put it in use

traffic jam. too many cars

in the streets that prevents
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normal movement

20
 Writing
What are some of a citizen's responsibilities and obligations?

Rules to be Followed

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must
Must is used to express obligation. i.e. Students must respect the school rules. follow
Have to is used to express obligation. It is more common in speaking than A good citizen the rules.
must. i.e. Students have to study their lessons.
*Remember that must does not use “to” before the following verb! must not
destroy

1. Challenge! Using the spaces below, make a pictogram using three A good citizen public property.
obligations you have as a student. Follow the example. When you finish,
show it to your partner so he/she can guess what your pictures and
words say. has
to be

A good citizen kind and respectful

with others.

Grammar Tip

To express possession, we use

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possessive adjectives. i.e.

Quito has beautiful places.
Its buildings in the historical
center keep lots of traditions.
Marie’s daughter is nice.
Her name is Alice.

Subject Possessive
2. Now, write the sentences from your pictograms. Look at the example: Pronoun Adjectives
Students have to do homework. I my
You your
1
He his
2
She her
3
It its
We our
3. Read the sentences you wrote to your partner substituting “have to”
for “must.” See the example: Students must do homework. You your
They their
4. Read the following sentences and complete them with the appropriate
possessive adjective or reflexive pronoun from the charts on pages 20-21.
Vocabulary
• Marie’s students are working. They must complete the exercises
. citizen. someone who lives
• Charlie is cleaning the class. He has to clean board legally in a particular city
and floor this week. or country
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• They must draw a map . The map is about their pictogram. a type of graph
country. with pictures or symbols
to show information
• I must take care of uniform every day. It has
to be clean and ironed. ironed. flat and smooth

21
Language Through the Arts

Explain what a meme is. Explain if they should be considered art.

Memes

Some say memes are not art because they do not follow the rules
to be considered art. Others say they are because they show cultural
and social expressions. These memes are new. They became popular
Pixabay / Mylene2401

with the use of social networks such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook,

etc. Young people use them to express their thoughts, ideas and even
their disagreement with the society. In conclusion, as it is new, it is still
in debate, and it depends on you to consider it art or not.

1. Plan a debate dividing the class into two groups. Those who agree
on one side and those who disagree on the other side. There should be
a neutral mediator in the center. Discuss each sides opinions.
Do you like memes?
Do you consider them to be 2. Challenge! You are very creative. Make your own memes in English using
art? Discuss your opinions the images below and read them to your class.
with with your partner.

Tip

When expressing your opinion

and listening to others’ ideas,
don’t forget to be polite and
respect different points of view.
You can use expressions like:
In our opinion…, We (don’t) think
that…, Our main point is that…,
I see your point, but…,
I understand, but…, I see what you
mean, but…, I’m sorry, I just have
to disagree with you.
Pixabay

When writing a phrase, you can use:

Vocabulary
Affirmative sentences: I am a little crazy. There has been a lot of work.
meme. a video, picture Negative sentences with not: We do not have much time. You cannot tell
or phrase sent via internet me that.
intended to get attention
Interrogative sentences that ask questions: Are you serious? Where have
follow. to do what is asked, you been?
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directions Imperative sentences: Don’t worry! Be happy!

disagreement. not to agree
3. Tell the class if you think your memes are art or not. Explain your reasons.
neutral. impartial
You can start like this. My meme is/isn’t art because …..
22
 Oral Communication
Describe some of the ways that you help other people.

Assisting Others
Did you know that there are many people who assist others every day and in
different ways? Do you know someone who does it? Discuss with your partner.

1. Listen to the conversation between a mother and her daughter. Then

answer the questions in incomplete sentences. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
• What do people call Jaime Jaramillo?

• What is Papa Jaime’s nationality?

Pixabay / Sabine van Erp

• Write three ways how Papa Jaime assists others.

2. Look at the images and mark with an the ways how we can help others
according to the kid’s teacher.

Vocabulary
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assist. to help

homeless. with no home

3. Make small groups and think of other ways to assist people. What is your
opinion about it? Discuss with your group members. blind. people who cannot see

Tip pregnant. expecting a baby

elderly. a person over 65

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When expressing your opinion, you can start with: I (really) think /
What I think is…; I believe / What I believe is…; In my opinion…; From give up. sacrifice something
my point of view… for the benefit of someone
else

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are some things you need to do before you travel to another place?

Planning a Trip
When you travel abroad, make sure you follow these tips:

• Make sure you are healthy before your trip. Get a medical checkup
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if possible.
• Have your passport with you and make a copy of it.
• Know about the currency in the place where you are visiting.
• Activate your cell phone for abroad connections if possible.
• Be patient and flexible to enjoy your trip as much as you can!

1. You are going to travel to your grandparents’ house in the countryside.

Tick the objects you’re going to take for the trip.

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When listing things (nouns), you need quantifiers…
For count nouns: (very) few / a few / many
For non-count nouns: (very) little / a little (bit) / much
For both, count and non-count nouns: some / a lot of / lots of / no / any
For singular count nouns you can also use a / an /one
For plural count nouns you can also use two / a pair of / three / etc.

2. Choose some objects from the ones you ticked in exercise 1 and tell
your class why you selected them. Use quantifiers when you mention
them.

I’m going to take a/an…, some…and maybe a little…to go on my trip to…

Vocabulary
3. Challenge! (In pairs) You won a contest, and you are traveling to Alaska
trip. going away with one classmate.
currency. the type of local 4. Write 5 things you will take on this trip. Compare your answers with the
money used in a country others and say why you are going to take those things to your trip.
abroad. outside your own
1
country
2
count nouns. things you can
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count, 1-2-3 cars, cups of 3

milk
4
non-count nouns. can not be
counted: traffic, milk 5

24
 Oral Communication

Describe a trip that you went on recently. What did you do and see?

Traveling Overseas
1. Do you recognize any of the places in the pictures? What picture
represents a trip overseas?

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2. Listen to two students talk about the trips they took on their last vacation.
Audio
3. What places did they visit? What did they do? Complete the chart below. Listen to the dialogue.
Use the past tense for the activities.

Activities
Place
(visit, be, have, go to, eat, see)
Tip
Tony
After listening the first time,
and writing down some key
Sammy words, you can ask your
teacher for help with the
words or expressions you
4. After listening, decide if these statements true or false. Listen again don’t understand. You can
and write True(T) or False(F) and correct the false information: say: I don’t understand……,
What does………mean?, Could
• Tony’s parents don't work very much. you repeat that please?, How do
you say…..?

• Tony’s mother speaks English very well.

Vocabulary
• Tony’s father is an accountant. overseas. abroad, to other
countries

sibling. a brother or a sister

• Sammy visited her family in Riobamba.
effort. to try something
difficult

theme park. a big park

• Sammy ate some cheese from Chimborazo. with different attractions
like Disney
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ice. frozen water

• Guano is not close to Riobamba. mummy. dead body wrapped
in cloth

25
Reading

What’s your ideal vacation?

My Ideal Vacation

1. Read a Travel Magazine article about, Pete’s vacation. Pay attention

to the underlined words that help to connect ideas in the order of events.

Pete’s Vacation
I remember my first trip to the beach with my best friends. A year
ago, my friends and I went to Montañita Beach to rest and enjoy our
vacation together. We spent three incredible days there.
At first, we arrived on Friday and began to look for a hotel. When
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we found it, we went to the beach and started a fun soccer game.
After this, we watched the sunset together, and we shared stories
of our lives. Then we swam in the pool until it got late. The next day,
we took a tour around the beach and met other teens. We all enjoyed
the breathtaking atmosphere. The last day, we decided to stay at the
beach all day long playing, eating, and swimming. At the end, we made
a fire, sang some songs, danced and had a great time until the day was
over.
It was an excellent experience we are never going to forget. I hope
to repeat the trip again next year.

Grammar Tip
2. Read the story again and complete the following ideas from the text.
We can use connectors Use some connectors to explain the sequence of the ideas.
like: At first, Then, After this,
At the end, etc. to express • , Pete and his friends traveled to .
the order of events when
telling or writing a story. • , they stayed there for .

• , they met other .

• The last day they .

3. Choose and circle the correct word(s) to complete the sentence according
Vocabulary to the reading.

ideal. exactly what you want, • Pete’s last vacation was twelve / ten / five months ago.
perfect
• Pete’s vacation was for a few days / a week / a weekend.
rest. to relax
• Pete and his friends played soccer before / after / while they found
sunset. part of the day in the
a hotel.
afternoon when the sun starts
to move down in the sky
• The first / second / third day, Pete and his friends went on a tour.
breathtaking. exciting,
awesome, beautiful
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fire. something burning that

Pair work. Discuss with a partner. What is your ideal place for a
produces heat
vacation? Who would you go with on the trip?
hope. to have an expectation
for the future

26
 Writing

What do you think about when deciding where to go on vacation?

Vacation Time
1. Look at the pictures, then choose one that represents the best trip
for you.

Freepik / Pixabay
Tip
2. To best describe your dream vacation, answer the following questions first.
When you write about
a. What do you think of the picture you chose? Where do you think it is? something, you must have
I think that picture is in and I love it. three important parts,
It looks . (opinion) an introduction where
you give your opinion, a body
b. Write two or three reasons that support your opinion about that place. where you give examples and
For example, the activities to do, places to see, etc. (reasons) reasons that support the ideas
of your introduction,
and a conclusion where you
summarize all your ideas.

c. Why would you recommend this place to others? (conclusion)

3. With all the information above, make an essay paragraph about

your dream vacation. Don’t forget to include an introduction, a body
and a conclusion. You can also use some connectors from page 26.
(40-50 words)

Introduction

Reason 1

Reason 2

Vocabulary
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Reason 3 chose. past form of the verb

choose, selected, decided

support. give reasons

Conclusion
for an opinion

27
Language Through the Arts

What are you going to change?

Multiple Talents

Do you like music? Do you know that music is art? In England there
is a famous jazz-pop singer, song-writer, pianist, guitarist, drummer,
and also a radio show presenter on BBC radio. His name is Jamie Cullum.
In 2018, he sang for the Queen Elizabeth II at her birthday party. What
a talented artist, don’t you think so?

1. Read the following lyrics segment of a song about New Year’s resolutions
from the jazz-pop singer Jamie Cullum. Pay attention to the underlined
words.
Flickr / Tore Saetre

Next year, things are gonna change,

gonna drink less beer and start all over again.
Gonna pull up my socks,
gonna clean my shower
Grammar Tip not gonna live by the clock, but get up at a decent hour.
Gonna is the informal oral Gonna read more books,
abbreviation of going to Gonna keep up with the news,
and it is used to express future Gonna learn how to cook, and spend less money on shoes…
plans and decisions.
When writing, use the formal
and correct going to:
2. Read the sentences from the lyrics again and rewrite them, now using
Subject + verb to be in present the complete form of gonna = going to in the lines below. Don’t forget
(am / is / are) + going to + to write the verb to be. There’s one example given.
a verb in the base form.
i.e. Next summer, I am going to
visit my grandmother in El Oro. Next year, things are going to change,
he is going to to be so happy
to see me.

Vocabulary

jazz. a type of music developed

by African-Americans.

drummer. someone who plays

the drums 3. Write four resolutions you are going to make this school year and compare
them with a partner.
resolution. a decision or
promise you make yourself •
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to do or not to do something
in the future •

keep up with. continue to be •

informed about something •

28
 Oral Communication

How far ahead do you plan your life?

My Personal Agenda
When planning for our future plans, we sometimes need to make some
arrangements.

1. Listen to a couple of teenagers making plans for the weekend.

Pay attention to the arrangements they make. What tense is it used for Audio
the future actions? Listen to the dialogue.

The present progressive (am / is / are + verb-ing) is also used to express

future plans and arrangements. Also will/going to + verb for the future.

2. Listen to the conversation again and write (T) for the True statements
or (F) for the False ones. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

• The conversation is about the teens’ future vacation.

• Nick wants Johnny to go to the festival with him.

• Johnny needs to finish his Science project.

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• Johnny and his mother are going to the cinema.

Grammar Tip
3. Look at this teenager’s agenda. Write sentences of her plans and
arrangements using the present progressive; then, read them to your Make sure you use time
partner. Don't forget will/going to + verb for future.
expressions for the future
(this afternoon, in the evening,
Monday Meet art teacher tonight, tomorrow, next
Saturday/week/month/year,
at 6 o’clock, etc.)
Tuesday Guitar lessons

Wednesday

Vocabulary
Thursday Help mom
arrangement. a plan for how
something will or may happen
Friday Sami’s party
weekend. Saturday and
Sunday. Days off at the end
Saturday Family lunch of the work or school week.
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film. movie
Sunday Soccer match
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29
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary Reading
1 Complete the sentences with the correct possessive 4 Read the following text and then complete the
adjectives. information below by using just one word.

a. Martin’s students are studying.

We have to be good citizens. We have
students must complete the workbook. to respect each other, and we have to help
vulnerable people that need our assistance. It is
b. They must do homework.
our obligation as students to give the example
homework is about “traffic signals.” to young generations to have a better world.
Remember to teach yourself about signs, signals
2 Change “must” for “have to” in the following
and symbols to contribute to help the place
sentences and add a couple more words to give
where you live.
detail.

a. Students must be responsible. • We must be good .

• We have to assist people.
• must give a good example.
• We must teach about signs,
b. Students must respect school rules. signals and symbols.

Listening

5 Listen to Lucy talk about her last trip. Write True(T)

or False(F). Then rewrite the false statements
Writing to make them true.
3 Write about your best vacation. Use the prompts
at the beginning of each paragraph. (50-60 words) a. Lucy traveled to Baños.

I think that the best place I

b. Lucy stayed in her aunt’s house.

I liked

because c. She and her family went to the zoo.

For example d. After going to the church, they went

swimming.

In conclusion,
Speaking

6 You are a tour guide. Recommend a place to visit on

vacation. Be as descriptive as possible.
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30
 Assessment What are some advantages of living in a city?
Grammar - Vocabulary Reading

1 What did you learn about Traffic Education in these 4 Read the following text and answer the questions
past lessons? Answer the questions. below.
• What does each color represent?
Carmen lives in a big city right in front
Red lights: of a busy street. From her window, she watches
Yellow lights: how dangerous it is for some pedestrians,
especially young kids and the elderly, to cross
Green lights: the street. One reason is that some drivers
don’t respect the traffic signals. For example,
Listening
they don’t go slower when there is an yellow
2 Listen to Gabriel talk about traffic rules and being a light, they go faster, and some drivers don’t
good citizen. Then complete the sentences using the even stop at a red light. Another reason
words in the box. is that many pedestrians don’t use the cross walk
to cross the streets. Carmen feels very sad about
sidewalk rules assist prohibited all the accidents she sees very frequently, and she
would love to teach people Traffic Education
Red signs indicate that something is when she grows up.
.

We know and follow the and a. Is Carmen happy to live in a big city? Why?
regulations for pedestrians. Why not?
We as good citizens should
pregnant and elderly people.
b. According to Carmen, who is most at risk when
We must always walk on the . crossing the avenue?

Writing

3 Use some of the following words to write a paragraph c. Do people in Carmen’s city have Traffic
about Traffic Education. Don’t forget to use the parts Education? Support your answer.
of an essay paragraph. (40-50 words)
good citizens assist children/the elderly red signs
yellow signs warnings pedestrians respect d. What is Carmen’s dream?

Speaking

5 In pairs. Speak about your future arrangements.

Use public places to mention the activities you are
doing next week(end).

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well well improve without help
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I can listen and understand about traffic education and citizen’s obligations.
I can write about my past trips and events.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can express my future plans with going to and present continuous.

31
 Project 2
Teaching the Citizens!
In groups of 5-6 students, you are going to plan some Traffic Education
Lessons to teach young people and adults:
Tip

Don’t forget that the idea

is to learn how to be 1 Traffic signs, symbols, and signals
a responsible citizen, respect
and follow the rules, and
offer assistance to people
(or animals) in need so we How to respect the law as pedestrians,
can all live peacefully as a
2 drivers, and passengers
community.

How we can assist others who

3 need it (people/animals/the nature)

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To do this, follow the next steps:

1. Name each lesson you will give and complete the weekly agenda
to organize one lesson each day:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday
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Sunday

Vocabulary 2. When you have all the lessons named by days, think of what you will
need (room, supplies, etc.) and activities you will do in each class (game,
speech, etc.).
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supply. an amount of something

ready to use
3. Have ready your activity (game, speech, etc.). Each person in the group
speech. a formal talk in front must be in charge of teaching one of the lessons planned (your classmates
of an audience will represent the citizens).

32
 English Do you like to go shopping?
Pedagogical Module 3
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

Quantifiers:
how much / how many 3 Calculating
4 weekly allowance

M
at
h
Prepositions of
2
ish

Home & community

time: in, on, at
5

So
life / history of food

ci
gl

al
En

St
1 Shopping

ud
Modals: would like

ie
Time

s
Values

Democratic Intercultural Health and Financial

9 decision-making 8 values 7 environmental care 6 education

Let’s buy...
Shopping is an activity most people enjoy. However,
it is said women love shopping more than men, and
there are studies that affirm women have a higher
chance of buying than men. As the world develops,
shopping has changed. Now, there are huge places to
do shopping. In fact, Thailand has the biggest shopping
center worldwide, and Canada has the coolest one.
It has a decoration based on the Persian style.
It even has two hotels in it and small places to hold
events like expositions and concerts. In conclusion,
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who buys more is still in debate.

• Let’s get some evidence on shopping. Ask your partner the following questions.
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• What do you or your parents buy most often at a market? What is your favorite market or store?

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What products can you buy online? What have you bought online?

Buying Online

Nowadays, the way of shopping is changing. Many customers around

the world prefer to shop on the internet. In fact, people in big countries
like the United Kingdom or the United States spend more time shopping
through computers. According to some studies, online sales are increasing
from a 7.7% last year to a 8.8% this year. It sounds incredible, but it is real.

1. Look at the infographic and choose the appropriate answer.

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Total: 7.6 billion people in the world.

Total: 29% people buy online.

Total: 49% people will buy online

in the year 2021.

• Amount of people worldwide that will shop online in 2021:

a. 49 million people

b. almost half of the total population

c. 7.6 billion people

2. Put the correct amounts next to the sentences. Look at the highlighted
numbers to help you.
a. Less than half are potential customers for the year 2021.

b. A lot of people are buying online nowadays.

c. All the people in the world.

Vocabulary
3. In small groups, search for some information about Ecuador.
customer. buyer, a person that
• How many people in Ecuador shop online?
buys or purchases something
• What are the most popular web
spend. use your money to buy sites used by Ecuadorians
something when shopping online?
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sales. transaction

infographic. a graphic with

information

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2
 Oral Communication

What do you wear at a party?

Teen Clothing
1. Listen to a couple of teenagers talk about what they like to wear at
parties. Match the items to the teen. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

Tip

When you listen and there are

words you cannot understand,
copy them and try to deduce
what they are. Or, ask your
teacher to help you guess
or understand the meaning.

2. Listen to other teens talking about their outfits. Then write their name
under the corresponding statement.

a. I am very simple.

b. I like to feel comfortable.

c. My shoes must be a good brand.

d. I am always worried about my clothes.

e. The most important thing for me is not to repeat my outfit. Vocabulary

deduce. to make a logical

conclusion
3. In your notebook or a piece of paper, draw your favorite outfit, then show
outfit. the combination
it to your friend, describe it, and ask for his or her opinion.
of clothes that someone wears

brand. a commercial name

Tip
suit. formal clothes for men
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You could ask: Do you like it?, What do you think of it?, What do you
like best about it? tie. fabric with a pattern
men wear around their neck
with suits

3
Reading

What things do you buy with your parents?

Different Buyers
Value: Financial education
1. You may need to ask your parents or the person who goes shopping
Always be careful with your in your house to answer the following questions.
personal and family finances.
Overspending can cause serious How much do If you see
How often do you
you spend on something nice Do you like
financial problems. go shopping in a
shopping every when passing by, bargaining?
month?
month? you...
a. once a. more than $50 a. just move on. a. yes
b. twice b. more than b. do window b. sometimes
c. more than $150 shopping c. no
three times c. more than (observe, but
$300 don’t buy
anything).
c. buy it.

a. If you have b. If you have c. If you have d. If you have

more a’s, more b’s, you more c’s, a little bit
you are an can control you are an of everything,
educated yourself from impulsive you are an
buyer. buying at times. buyer. average buyer.

Studies show that people like to buy things. Shopping is something

necessary and it can cause different sorts of behavior. There are some
people who shop when necessary. They are called “educated buyers.”
However, there are others who can’t control themselves from buying.
It is like a sickness or an addiction. They don’t feel good if they don’t buy
something, even if they don’t need it. They love shopping; these are called
“compulsive buyers.” Finally, there are some who need to buy things but
don’t have the resources to do it and they are excellent “bargain hunters.”
It means they get good things for very reasonable prices.
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Whatever we want, need or have to buy, we must consider that every

extreme is bad. It is important to be balanced in order to control the way
we shop.
Vocabulary

behavior. a particular way 2. Read the text again and answer the questions.
of acting a. How many kinds of buyers are there according to the text?
buyer. person who buys

impulsive buyer. people who

b. What happens to compulsive buyers if they don’t shop?
don´t feel well if they can't
buy things, even if they don't
need them
c. Is it important to budget our money according to the text? Support
resources. stock of materials your answer.
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bargain hunter. person who

looks for special prices
3. What do you think about shopping? What kind of things do you prefer
reasonable. acceptable to buy when you go shopping with you parents? Discuss with a partner.

4
 Writing

Do you have a blog? Which blogs do you read regularly?

My Fashion Blog
1. Look at the picture on your right. What do you see? Do you feel identified
with it? Discuss it with your partner.
2. Read the two blogs posts below. Notice the expressions in blue, what
are they expressing?

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I am Jane and I love shopping. My closet has Tip
different clothes and accessories. I go shopping
every week. However, I don’t have many shoes. Make a first draft with all
I would like to have a pair of shoes for every outfit your ideas. Then, read it and
I have. I would also like to have purses. I’d rather have a re-write it making spelling,
trendy school bag than just a regular backpack. I’d like grammar or punctuation
to go to Panama to buy lots of clothes, and referring to corrections. A third draft
accessories I’d love to visit a Persian country to have should be the final one double
some exotic ones.
checking it expresses your
ideas clearly and accurately.

I am Jack and I love accessories to look cool. I have

lots of watches, but I don’t have technological ones. Grammar Tip
I would rather have a high tech watch that works
like a cellphone than mine which is just to make would like / would rather….
calls. I would like to have different watches with would love than...
sophisticated technology. In fact, I would love It is used to indicate It is used to
to have one watch and one cap that match. When a wish or desire indicate a
I travel, I like to wear caps, so I’d also like to have that you have. preference.
different colored caps. I’d love to have those new caps Do you remember It is similar to
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that include technology, too. the genius from the “would prefer.”
lamp in “Aladdin”? To establish your
The genius gives preference, use
3. You are a very popular teenager. Write your own blog post about what three wishes. vs than*
you would like, would love or would rather have in your closet (clothing My wish = a high
and accessories). You can take as examples Jane’s or Jack’s blogs. When My preference =
tech cell phone
it is ready, read it to the class. (40-50 words) video games or
I would like/love board games
to have a high tech
I would rather
cell phone. Or I’d play video games.
like/love to have
a high tech cell *I would rather
Introduction phone. play video games
than board games.

Detail 1

Vocabulary

Detail 2 blog. online writing about

a particular subject
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high tech. with sophisticated

Conclusion
technology

cap. a hat that protects you

from the sun

5
Language Through the Arts

What is a tongue twister? How many do you know?

Tongue Twisters

She sells seashells on the seashore

The shells she sells are seashells, I’m sure

A.
a,
er
So if she sells seashells on the seashore

br
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Ca
Then I’m sure she sells seashore shells.

Did you know that there is a great story behind this famous and funny
tongue twister?
Many years ago, there was a woman called Mary Anning who
used to search and sell seashells and fossils to get some money. At the
time, these fossils and seashells were very appreciated where she lived.
Her family used to live on that. One day, her father died and Mary had
to support her family so she continued her job until the day she discovered
great dinosaur fossils. Then she became one of the first paleontologists
of the time. Her amazing story was the inspiration to create this tongue
twister. What do you think?
Source: [Link]

1. Challenge!! Look at the following tongue twisters. Can you say both
tongue twisters in a minute or less? Show how fast you are.

I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shining shop. Where she sits

she shines and where she shines she sits.

Pixabay
Sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.

Vocabulary 2. Look for other tongue twisters in English and compare with a partner
your discovery.
seashell. the cover of a marine
mollusk

seashore. the limit of the

water, the union of the water
and sand

tongue twister. a sentence

or phrase that is difficult
to say or repeat, especially
quickly 3. Why do you think tongue twisters are so difficult?
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live on. money used to buy

what you need

fossils. remains of bodies

6
 Oral Communication
Math

What is an allowance?

An Allowance
1. In small groups find out who receives an allowance.

2. Some people receive an allowance per week. Discuss if you think it is fair
or not that parents give their children one.

3. Use your math ability to complete these exercises!

Listen to Julian talking about his weekly allowance and then, complete Audio
his allowance calculation. Listen to the dialogue.

$ X (days) = per week

4. If Julian wants to receive $10 a week, how old he must he be according

to the website his parents showed him?

$ 0,50 X 12 (years old) = $6 per week

Tip
X = $ 10 per week
You can say: I think it is/
means…, I 'm not sure what it is,
I have no clue/idea.
5. If Julian makes $1.75 every day, how much will he make in a year?

Vocabulary

allowance. a quantity
6. In order for Julian to make $800 in a year, how much money does he have
of money given weekly,
to earn each week? Each day?
usually from parents to their
children for completing jobs
around the house

per. every

fair. balanced
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expense. something you spend

money on
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budget. plan for spending

money

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

How often do you buy groceries?

Fresh Groceries

Ecuadorians have a variety of food. Most people in Ecuador buy

groceries every two weeks or weekly. Most Ecuadorians eat their meals
three times a day, and some snacks two times a day. The diet is balanced,
however there is a big percentage of obesity among children.
Did you know that Italian people who eat pasta such as noodles
or spaghetti, cheese and so forth don’t have big problems with obesity?
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Experts explain that this is because they consume high percentages

of carbohydrates, but they also eat them with salads. Besides, they shop for
their groceries daily. They cook every time they need to eat. They don’t
Value: Health care
heat food. Their food is always fresh. Maybe, that is why they don’t gain
a lot of weight!!
Drinking lots of water and
eating nutritious and fresh food 1. Make a list of the groceries your family buys for the week.
every day in the correct amounts
is essential to keep a healthy and • •
energetic lifestyle.
• •
• •

Vocabulary
2. Now, classify the items above according to the following categories. Write
some examples of each in the second column. When you finish, think
grocery. food items from stores
of some dishes you like that have these products and compare with your
meal. food eaten at breakfast, partner. i.e. I love the fruit salad my mom makes with different fruits.
lunch, dinner
Categories Examples
snack. small amount of food
between main meals fruit
vegetables
noodles. pasta in small pieces
meat
heat. to change from cold dairy products
to hot
carbohydrates
dairy products. products others
that contain milk like yogurt
and cheese
3. Do some research to complete the table below to find out how much
your family spends on groceries monthly. Ask your parents and go to the
store with them to buy groceries to get the answers.

Grocery Expenses
fruit
vegetables
meat
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dairy products
carbohydrates
others
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Total

8
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

What groceries does your family buy at the market each week?

Groceries to Buy
Value: Financial education
1. Look at the picture. What do you see? Who and where do you think
they are? What are they talking about? Discuss with your partner. Children must be understanding
of their parents when they go
shopping. Buy only what is
necessary and do not be too
demanding!
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2. Listen to the discussion between a mother and a father. Select below

what their situation is. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
a. good communication

b. they don’t have much money

Grammar Tip
c. their children are vegan
Yes/no questions have falling
3. Listen to the conversation again to complete the following sentences. intonation. i.e.
Pay attention to the intonation in the questions.
Are you sure?
• Darling, I don’t know what to . Our children don’t want
to eat anything. You know what I mean? Wh-questions have rising
• Ok, let’s see, then let’s buy some like lentils for replacing intonation. i.e.
the protein. Is that ok?
Where are you?
• What about the money? We can’t just buy they ask for,
we don’t have a lot.
• Then, I don’t !! What do you think we should do? Vocabulary

4. Write 2 yes/no questions and 2 wh-questions to practice falling and vegan. person who doesn’t
rising intonation. Draw the arrows as in the examples. Practice with your eat meat
partner.
darling. a beloved person

mean. to want to express

•
lentils. beans that are small
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• and brown
• protein. category of food
including beans, meat, eggs,
•
etc.

9
Language Through the Arts

What does food have to do with art? How can people be artistic with food?

Artistic Food

Art is so diverse that there are people who use

their groceries to do amazing things. There are some
who make the dishes look very attractive, especially
for children to eat everything. Others, who are more
romantic, put an engagement ring into some food as a
marriage proposal.
There are even those who take pictures to show
the healthy side of food. Moreover, there are incredible
murals and drawings that show not only the healthy
side of grocery shopping, but also the great talent of
the artists.
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1. Which kind of art did you like the most? In your notebook, make an artistic
drawing that involves food. Don’t forget to use colorful expressions
of art. When finished, share your art with the class.

2. Look at the graffiti below. Can you describe it? What does it represent?
Use the lines provided under the image to answer.

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• What I see is
and I think it represents

3. Do you think the graffiti on the walls shows art? Why? Why not? Write
notes below and then discuss with a partner.

Vocabulary
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diverse. with a lot of variety

marriage. matrimony

proposal. offer Freepik

10
 Oral Communication

Do you know any apps to help buy groceries online?

Shopping Malls and Grocery Stores

1. What do these pictures make you think about? Discuss with your partner.

Freepik
2. Listen to a person who talks about the use of the internet to buy food; then
answer the questions below. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
• How many people in Latin American countries have access to the
internet?

• How did people use to shop in the past?

• What is used to deliver the products you buy now?

Tip
3. In pairs, invent a dialogue where one student is the person calling to buy
some groceries (buyer) and the other is the person working at the grocery
Before you answer questions
store (seller). Use the vocabulary learned in this lesson if possible.
for a listening activity, read
them all and try to predict
the answers in advance!
Buyer:

Seller:

Buyer:

Seller:

Vocabulary
Buyer:
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stall. an informal place to sell

Seller: groceries on the streets

delivery. the service that

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brings things to your house

11
Reading

When is your birthday? What do you do to celebrate your birthday?

Time Flies
1. Do you remember your last birthday? Did you celebrate it? Where were
you that day? Discuss with your partner.

2. Read Suzanne’s story. Pay attention to the words and expressions

that are highlighted.

Hi! My name is Suzanne and I clearly remember my last birthday

when I turned 12. It was on Thursday, April 4th last year. It was
a normal school day so I did not have any plans to celebrate it. In the
morning, my mom and I had a typical breakfast before I went to
school. At noon, I went to my grandma’s house. It’s what I always do
at lunchtime on school days. In the afternoon, I did my homework and
walked home at 5:30 pm. When I opened the door, what a surprise!!!
My family and two school friends were there to say “Happy Birthday
Suzanne!!!!” In the evening, we ate a delicious cake, drank some tea, and
had a really nice time together. My friends left at 9 o’clock because on
school days, we need go to bed early. I hope I can do the same thing on
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my next birthday that is coming soon.

3. Complete the chart with the prepositions: on, at and in. See the examples
in the text to help you. Add more of your own examples.

Prepositions of Time
on at in
• On Thursday,
April 4th

4. Read Suzanne’s story again and do the Math. Compare your answers
with a partner.

• How old is Suzanne now?

• How many times a week does Suzanne go to her grandma’s house

for lunch?

Vocabulary • How long did Suzanne stay at her grandma’s before getting back home?
noon. 12 o’clock (the middle
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of the day)
5. Use the prepositions from the chart to answer the questions in complete
early. before the usual time sentences in your notebook. When is your birthday? What time do you
start class every day? In what month is Christmas? Compare your answers
do the Math. calculate with your partner.

12
 Writing

Are you ready for some fun?

Let’s Celebrate!

Your best friend’s birthday

is coming next month and
you want to help her mother
to make a nice and fun
celebration at her house.
There will be school friends
and family members invited.

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1. You need to know how many people will be at the party to know how Grammar Tip
much food, drinks, and other stuff you need to buy. Make a list of each.
When you ask for the
2. Answer the questions in complete sentences to gather information quantity of something:
for the invitations. Use your imagination and invent the answers.
• Use How many +
• When is her birthday? count nouns in plural. i.e.
How many friends will you
invite?
• Use How much +
• What time will it be? non-count nouns. i.e.
How much soda will
we buy?
• Where will it be?

• Which friends from school and which relatives will be invited?

• How much money will they spend for the party? (approximately)

Vocabulary
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count noun. noun that can be

used in singular or plural
3. Challenge! Make the invitation card model to invite everybody to your
friend’s birthday party. Be original and creative! Don’t forget to include non-count noun. noun that
all the information such as time, date, place, etc. cannot be counted

13
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary
c. Parents like to buy accessories.
1 Choose a word from the box to complete the
.
following statements.
d. According to the reading, it is
a watch like would rather necessary to spend all our money.
to have than .

a. I’d to travel to Panama. Listening

b. My mom would like 4 Listen to three teenagers talking about a party

a new cell phone. they are organizing for a classmate. Complete the
following sentences. Use the first letters to help you
c. My dad sleep than go complete the answers.
shopping.
a. Each student gave f dollars.
d. My friend would rather have
b. They are f students.
than a cap.
c. They got t hundred dollars in total.
Writing
d. They are going to use b as
2 Write about shopping. What would you like decoration.
to buy? Where?
Speaking

5 Look at the pictures below. Take turns with a

partner describing what you see in each one.

Reading

3 Read the following paragraph and then write True(T)

or False(F). Write the correct information under the
false statements.

Shopping is really amazing. People

buy a variety of things like clothes, shoes,
accessories, and so on. Teens like to buy
different things for their personal use while
parents would rather buy groceries or snacks.
Everyone needs to buy things, but we have

to plan a budget so we can make our income
productive. Do you agree?

a. People buy different things.

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b. Teens would rather buy food.

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14
 Assessment Do you like to go shopping?
Grammar - Vocabulary
party, we need snacks, soda, and sometimes
1 Choose the right word(s) to complete the sentences. 3 we even serve a complete meal. At Christmas
celebrations, many people make turkey, rice
There is a new art gallery in town. (On / In / At) and salad, and in addition, they buy presents for
Friday, they will exhibit some food everybody. No matter what we celebrate, we must
be careful not to spend too much money. There
artwork (on / in / at ) 5 pm. (On / In / are many ways to have fun with a low budget.
At ) the evening, there will also be
a gastronomy festival (on / in / at ) a. According to the reading, is there a negative
side of celebrating? Support your answer.
dinner time. People can go eat and see the
b. What do people eat at a birthday party?
paintings and other art expressions.
c. Besides food, what do some people give their

guests at a Christmas celebration?
Find the best match for the following words.
d. What is the financial recommendation given in
meal yogurt the text?
protein breakfast Listening

carbohydrate lentils 4 Listen to a nutrition expert talk about a healthy

breakfast. Then write True(T) or False(F). Write the
dairy product pasta correct information under the false statements.

Writing a. There are fewer and fewer people
eating healthy food nowadays.
2 Write about your last celebration. What did you
celebrate? When? Where? Who was invited?
(40-50 words) b. To have more energy in the evenings,
we need to consume proteins.

c. Milk and yogurt are examples

of dairy products.

d. Apples, eggs and grains contain

Reading some vitamins.
3 Read the following paragraph and then answer the
questions in your notebook.
Speaking
Celebrating is fun. However, we don’t 5 In pairs: You are on the phone with your friend.
always have the budget to buy what we need. Tell him/her what you would like to do and what you
Some people don’t care about how much they would like to have for your birthday. Your partner
spend on food and presents. Others don’t care will give some suggestions and agree or disagree on
about how many people they invite. At a birthday what his/her friend wants to do for his/her birthday.
Write the dialog in your notebook.
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me
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I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it

Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can ask for what I’d like to buy.
I can use quantity expressions to answer how much/many.
I can write a blog to express my preferences (clothes, food, etc.)

15
 Project 1
My Food Artwork
You are a great artist so you will make and present a work of art to the class.
Follow the steps to help you with it.

1. Choose between a food painting or figures created with food.

Tip

Try to do something

Pixabay / ArtTower
inexpensive. Don’t spend
a lot of money on it!
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If possible, use recycled
material and food leftovers.
2. Create your painting or figure with food. To do this create a budget
to know how much you need to spend.

3. Complete this chart.

Matter Process Result

(food used) (how to do it) (color, texture, shape)

4. When it is ready, take a selfie with your artwork, bring it or print it to show
it to the class. You can bring it physically if possible.

Guidelines

First, describe the shopping

you did, when and where,
your budget, then the process,
and finally explain your own piece
of art; what it represents, or what
you want to express with it.
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Vocabulary

selfie. a photograph that you

Good luck with
take of yourself your project!!!
16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary

1 Match the definition with the appropriate words. f. How much / many does
a chicken lay a day?
a. planned quantity
customers
of money g. How much / many
do you use in a sandwich?
b. a quantity of money
outfit
received regularly h. How much / many
branches are there in a tree?
c. money you spend brand

d. food or items from stores high tech Reading

e. buyers, people who buy allowance 4 Look at he pictures below and think about who you
go shopping with. How often do you go? Do you plan
f. with sophisticated a budget before you go? Read the text and complete
expenses
technology the sentences.
g. a commercial name budget

h. group of clothes for a

groceries
particular occasion

Grammar

2 Place the nouns in the corresponding column.

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eggs money red meat bananas soda
bread onions purses

Count Nouns Non-Count Nouns When my parents go shopping at a market,

mall or any store, I like to go with them.
They are very organized and make lists of what
we need at home; one for groceries and the
other for clothes and accessories. They know
our budget is low so they don’t overspend and
find excellent discounts. The reason is that only
my father has a job, and since my baby brother
was born my mom stays home. So we reduced
our expenses and buy just what is necessary.
My parents are very responsible and I learn a lot
3 Circle much or many and use the words from the from them.
chart above to complete the questions.
a. How much / many do 5 Choose the right word(s) to complete the sentences.
you spend in groceries every month?
a. This family members are normal / educated /
b. How much / many do
compulsive buyers.
you use for a salad?
b. Before going shopping, they make one / two /
c. How much / many do
three lists of their necessities.
you drink weekly?
c. They have no money / lots of money / less
d. How much / many do
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money after a new family member arrived.

you have in your closet?
d. The kid says he learns from his parents to
e. How much / many do
bargain / overspend / be responsible.
you eat a week?

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

What does food security mean? Will your community always have enough to eat?

Food Security

Value: Environmental and health care

In order to prevent health and environmental problems, some governments

take economic and social measures that guarantee enough food and
medicine for the population by using the resources harmoniously.
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Did you know that there are policies and laws related to food security
which ensure that there is access to enough food for the population?
This started in the time of pharaohs, in the early Egyptian times. This
culture used to interpret their dreams and know how they could provide
the population with food to avoid famine. Those interpretations used
to work well so that they could save the food in prosperous times for the
difficult ones.

Freeimages / John Nyberg

1. What do you think about these Egyptian dream interpretations? Talk

with a partner.

2. Use your own words to write the definition of “food security.”

Vocabulary

ensure. to assure

population. group of people

that form a country, city
3. Research about food security laws and policies around the world.
or community
What can the government do to provide sufficient food so that the
provide. to give population can have access to it?
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avoid. not to permit

famine. food scarcity (lack

of food)

18
 Oral Communication

What do you know about famine in Africa? Is there food scarcity in Latin America?

Food Scarcity
1. What can you see in the picture? Is it familiar to you? Discuss with a partner.

Value: Intercultural values

It is our responsibility to take care of our planet and its living beings.
We can start in our country, in our city, in our neighborhood

Pixabay / quentcourtois0
or community, and of course we can take a good care of our home.
Gratitude and generosity can be the first way to be part of the solution!

2. Listen to Nico, a high school teen, talking about his research.

3. Use the words below to complete the gaps. You will not use them all.
Audio
principal 1968 food Social 1948 famine Listen to the dialogue.

a. My Science teacher asked my group

to investigate about famine in Africa.
b. Famine in Africa started in .
c. These were the factors that caused
the problem they still have.
d. They don’t have any .

4. Listen again and answer the following questions. When you finish,
compare them with a partner.
a. What do some parents in Africa do to get something to eat?

b. What do we have to do to make sure there is enough food in Ecuador? Vocabulary

scarcity. lack, absence of

factor. situation, circumstances

lack. absence of
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nature. all of the plants,

animals and geography
in an area outside of a city

19
Reading

What are examples of healthy foods that you regularly eat?

Eating Healthy Food

1. Look at the pictures below. Can you associate them with the title? Discuss
with a partner.

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Tip 2. Read each person’s comment carefully.
After you read all the text
quickly to get the main idea, I am 15 years old and I like vegetables. I am
scan the paragraphs one by one thinking about becoming a vegan. It is
to look for specific information. a healthy way to live preserving the species
and my life. I want to live for a long time.
Can you find the following

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sentences?
• I am thinking about becoming
a vegan.
• I want to live for a long time.
I am 12 and I love eating a lot of greasy
food, especially pastries. My mom says
• I have a sweet tooth. it is bad for my health, but I love it. I have
a sweet tooth.

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I am 11. I cannot choose what to eat.
My parents make me eat anything they set
on the table. They say I have to eat what they
can afford. I don’t have problems with it. Freepik

I eat it all.

I am 14 years old and I like to eat all types

of food. I mean I eat vegetables, fruits and
beans but I also eat some junk food like french
fries, hot dogs, pizza, and so forth. I think the
Vocabulary
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secret is to be balanced.
scan. look carefully for specific
information

greasy. containing fat or oil 3. Read each person’s comments again then put the name under every
picture by reading the following statements.
sweet tooth. a person that
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loves food containing sugar • Daniela: I am not a picky eater.

• Sofia: Choosing my food doesn’t depend on me.
set. put
• Dani: I love everything that contains sugar.
can afford. can pay • Jonathan: I will not eat meat.

20
 Writing

Does your family make a food budget? How much do they spend every week on groceries?

How much to Buy

1. Read Samira’s family planning for grocery shopping. Pay attention to the
words in blue.

My family usually makes a budget when the month starts.

My mother says it is important to consider how much we spend and
she uses some tips. Here they are:
First, it is a good idea to make a list of what your family needs during
the week; so by the weekend, you know how much you have and how
many items you need to buy before going to a supermarket or a store.
Second, it is important to save money so choose shops that give you
discounts or products on sale, and check how much you can save by
comparing them. Finally, look for healthy items. At present, products
have labels that permit you to identify how much fat, sugar or salt they
contain.

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2. Complete the following questions; then, answer in complete sentences.
Use your own information.

a. How money do you think your family spends on

food every month? Grammar Tip

Information Questions
for Quantity
b. How members are there in your family? • How many . . . ?
Is used with plural
countable nouns.
3. Now with that information, write your own food planning for the week. How many apples do you eat
Calculate how much money you need and how many items you can buy per day?
with that budget. (40-50 words)
• How much . . . ?.
Is used with uncountable
nouns.
How much milk do you drink
for breakfast?

4. Complete the following questions by using words from the box. Ask your
teacher which nouns are countable or not if necessary. Then ask them
to a partner.
Vocabulary
water apples rice meals
on sale. reduced in price
a. How much does your mom make at lunch time? save. to keep
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b. How many do you have every day? label. a thing that identifies
something
c. How much is recommended to drink in a day?
fat. greasy substance
d. How many do doctors recommend to eat each day?

21
Language Through the Arts

Did you know that food can be used to express art?

Food Used in Art

Tip

When cooperating with your partners, don’t forget to use expressions

like: May I say/suggest something?, Why don’t we do this/that?, Let’s do
this/that.

In small groups, research It is said that food has played an important role in art since the
about food like vegetables beginning of the humanity. If we refer to the Stone Age, artists used animal
or fruits that are used to make fat or vegetable juice to do their artworks and the famous Egyptians made
colors for painting and how pictographs and hieroglyphics that included crops and bread.
to do it.

Pixabay / Kerttu
1. Make some natural food color paint (carrots for orange, plant leaves
for green, mangos for yellow, etc.). To see some ideas and make beautiful
colors, match the images below. Freepik / Pixabay

Vocabulary

Stone Age. prehistoric period

hieroglyphics. a symbol or Paint made Paint made with Paint made

writing used in the prehistoric with plants vegetables with fruit
times (leaves and flowers) (beets, cabbage) leftovers
crops. cultivated plants
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2. Explain to the class how to make natural color paint according to the
beet. a red vegetable
research you did (which food is used to get each color and the process).
leftover. remaining food Challenge! Use your paint to make a nice painting.
after a meal

22
 Oral Communication

Would you like to try some chontacuro? What strange foods have you eaten?

Weird Food Tip

1. Look at the following pictures. Guess what they are. Would you like
to try some? Discuss with your partner. When expressing your opinion
about food, you can say:
• Positive: Mmmmm!, Yummy!,
It looks delicious!, That seems
tasty!
• Negative: Yaks!, That’s
disgusting!, I don’t think I’d like
to try that!

Pixabay
2. Listen to three teens talking about weird food from their country.
Audio
3. Complete the following sentences based on the listening using the words Listen to the dialogue.
from the box.

mouthwatering salty spicy weird

a. He’s from Asia and there is a strange and very

dish there.
b. She’s from the Amazonia in Ecuador where they have a
dish made with the brain of an animal.
c. He’s Mexican and they like food. He tasted some
exotic recipe that tasted .

Tip

Before listening, read all the questions asked. That will give you
an idea of what the listening is about. Then, if you don’t understand,
tell your teacher: I didn’t understand/listen (to) it very well. Could you
ik
Freep

repeat that, please?, May we listen to it again, please?

4. What animal do they use to prepare those exotic dishes?

• Jamal:
Vocabulary
• Ana:
weird. strange, not common
• Carlos:
spicy. with a lot of spices on it
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taste. your tongue noticing

Group discussion: What do you think about eating that weird and different flavors of foods
exotic food mentioned in the listening? Would you like to try it? What
mouthwatering. that makes
is the strangest food you have eaten?
your mouth get wet, delicious

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Do we all eat the same food? Do you know what foods are common in other parts of the world?

Food Around the World

Value: Intercultural values

Don’t forget to be tolerant and respect others’ opinion, likes and life
styles. What is or not common where you live can be accepted, good
and even normal in other places.
k
epi
Fre

Did you know that although all of us have the same digestive system, every
culture has its own choice for food? Let’s take some examples. Western
countries like to use fresh vegetables, fruits and rice for their cooking.
They prefer white meat to red meat for their diet. Chinese, Japanese
and Koreans drink very little milk. Muslims and Jews have restrictions, they
don’t eat any pork. It is taboo in their religion. People from India don’t eat
cow meat.

Pixabay
1. In pairs, investigate other countries or communities that have restrictions
in their diets, other than the examples in the previous text. Challenge!
Make a small collage and explain what you find to the class.

2. Make small groups and discuss these questions.

• Why do you think people around the world eat differently?

• Do people in your home town eat insects or strange food like unusual
animal meat?

Vocabulary

choice. selection

Muslim. believer of the Islam • Is there any kind of food in your region considered taboo? Explain.
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as a religion

Jew. believer of Judaism

taboo. prohibited

24
 Oral Communication

Do you like to eat different types of food?

Trying Different Food

Challenge! Look at the picture below and tell a partner how many different
kinds of food you can identify.

Freepik / TMaklan62

Freepik
1. Listen to Ben talking about different foods. Are there some of them in the
picture above? Check the foods you hear mentioned. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
Tip

Remember to read the questions before you listen carefully to predict

answers for multiple choice exercises.
Value: Democratic
decision making
2. Listen again and choose the right option based on the listening.

• Ben starts his speaking with Who decides what to eat

in your house, or if you go to
a. a question a restaurant? One way to decide
is to let people make suggestions
b. a nice phrase
and then vote to decide. You may
c. a test not always get what you want,
but you will be heard and the
• We get food from . . . democratic process is fair.

a. ourselves

b. animals and trees

c. insects Vocabulary

• People in some places like to eat seed. part of the fruit

that is usually discarded
a. dolphins
leaf. green part of the plant that
b. insects makes the photosynthesis

c. cows root. part of the plant that

absorbs nutrients
• The nature is so
octopus. a sea animal that has
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a. sunny lots of arms

b. savage fin. part of the fish that

permits the animal to swim
c. generous
ik
Freep

25
Reading

Would you eat frog legs?

Food Worldwide

1. Look at the following pictures. Tell a partner a description of what you see.
Write 40-50 words about the
strangest food that you have
eaten. Include what the food
was, how was it prepared,
where you ate it, etc.

Freepik / Cabrera, A.
2. Read the following article from a Food Magazine. What could be the
tittle of the article? Write your title on the line below.

3. Write the number of the descriptions below next to the picture above
that it describes.

We know that Mexicans love spicy food and their most famous
1 foods are “tacos” and “burritos.” They usually contain beans with
meat like beef, pork or chicken, but they also eat them with
“chapulines” grasshoppers which are insects that can jump. They
are from Oaxaca and you can find them all year long.

Tofu is a traditional Taiwanese dish. On vacation people prepare

2 it like a cake. It is square and bitter. It has a really strong smell. Many
say that it is impossible to bear its disgusting smell. However, it tastes
good. You can buy tofu any time at supermarkets or grocery stores.

As we all know, Ecuador has also different kinds of food. The

3 Amazon or the Coast regions offer the famous “frog legs.” They say
that the best ones, especially big and fat ones, appear in the summer.
Countries like France or Indonesia appreciate this special dish. You
can make stew, soup, or you can even fry these peculiar animals.

4. Try to find and match the definition of the following words from
the article.

Vocabulary a. grasshopper not common

beef. meat from cows b. peculiar insect that can jump

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bitter. kind of sour

c. disgusting not pleasing to look at
stew. a meat and vegetable
dish with thick liquid prepared
in a pot 5. Match the pictures in exercise 1 with the descriptions by drawing
the correct number in the circles.

26
 Writing

Do you eat fast food? Which fast foods could be condidered healthy?

Favorite Foods
1. Read Jill’s favorite food description when she is on vacation.

Hi! My name is Jill and I like fast food. My mom says I have to eat
healthy, but when I am on vacation, I love eating hamburgers, fries,
pizza, donuts etc. In the morning, I have sweet cereal with chocolate
milk for breakfast. In the afternoon I eat some rice with fried chicken

Freepik
or beef for lunch, and in the evening, I have a big sandwich with a lot of
mayonnaise for dinner. It is so delicious!

2. Now, it’s your turn to write your own description of the food you prefer
to eat, especially when you are on vacation, in the morning, at lunch time,
etc. (50-60 words)
Introduction

Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Conclusion

Prepositions of Time
Preposition Use Example
months • in April
years • in 1979
IN seasons • in summer, in winter, in fall, in spring
expression
• in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
of time
dates • on May 12th, on May 12th, 2009, on May 2006
days • on Friday, on Monday, on Thursday, on Tuesday
ON
expression • on weekend, on weekdays, on vacation, on any
of time holiday, on my birthday
time • at 8:00, at eight o’clock
specific time • at break time, at lunch time
AT
expression • at night, at noon (12 morning), at midnight
of time (12 night)
Vocabulary
3. In your notebook answer the following questions in complete sentences
using the right preposition of time. When you finish, ask the same season. part of the year
questions to your partner. characterized by a particular
type of weather
a. What time do you have breakfast?
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b. Where do you or your family usually go on vacation? date. specific day of a month
or a year
c. What time do you finish school?
weekdays. days of the week
d. When is your birthday?

27
Language Through the Arts

Are you fashionable? Do you dress for comfort, style, or both?

Fashion Design

Value: Intercultural values

Part of our cultural identity is the way we dress. Ecuador has an amazing
variety of traditional clothing that is different from town to town, from
region to region. We must be proud of our variety of traditional clothing
and celebrate our differences.

Did you know that in Ecuador there are some fashion designers
that support communities? They not only create jobs and hire artisans,
Flickr / Rebeca Cruz Galvan

but also donate some of their profits to local charities. In addition, they
combine traditional community clothing with modern fashionable styles.
Fashion design is an art applied to clothing and accessories. It is usually
influenced by social and cultural attitude. Professional fashion designers
try to design and produce functional and attractive items. Some of them
make fashion shows for people to see their work.

1. Look at the image and try to describe it by choosing the correct words
in italics.

In the photograph, there is a pretty boy / girl / man wearing a beautiful

and traditional cloth / jacket / outf it from Mexico; a white blouse / t-shirt
/sweater decorated with some flowers, a dark red / brown / green skirt,
and a white and pink shawl on her shoulder. Her accessories / shoes /
glasses look amazing on her.

2. Group activity! Find a picture of a traditional outfit from another region

of Ecuador and describe it as in the example above. To help you with the
description, place each of the following words in the corresponding box:
gold, large, ugly, some, white, a little, traditional, small, a lot, big, amazing,
Vocabulary
grey, medium(-sized), lots of, turquoise, pretty
fashionable. popular at a
particular time colors size quantity other details
support. practical or emotional
help

hire. employ and pay someone

for a particular job

applied. that has a particular

use
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attitude. an opinion or a feeling

about something

functional. practical and useful 3. Now share your picture and describe it to the class. Do not limit your
description using only the adjectives above, use as many as possible.

28
 Oral Communication

Where do you usually go shopping to buy shoes and clothes?

At the Mall Tip

When trying to find directions

at a mall, you can say:
• Excuse me! Where is
the ? How can
I get there?
When giving directions at a
mall, you can use expressions
like:
• It’s at the first/second/main/
etc. entrance/gate on the right/
left.
• It’s on the first/second/third/
etc. floor/level next to the

Freepik
restroom/bathroom.

1. Listen to a phone call between two teens going shopping at a mall and
match the girls’ names with the corresponding information.

is waiting for her friend at a cafeteria.

wants to buy some shoes. Audio

Listen to the dialogue.

Melissa thinks the shoes are not expensive.

has just $25 to buy a pair of shoes.

Freepik

knows where to buy cheap shoes.

Alison wants her friend to meet her at the outlet.

2. Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions.

a. How much more money does Alison need to buy the first pair
of shoes she saw at the mall?

Vocabulary

pricey. costly, expensive

b. Where does Melissa recommend Alison to go find cheaper shoes?
cheap. that costs little money
or less than the regular price

outlet. store that sells

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c. How can Alison get to the outlet from the coffee shop where she is products at low prices
waiting?
stairs. a group of steps that
moves people from one level
to another
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary
I am Sammy and I enjoy both, healthy and fast
1 Use the word(s) in the box to complete the following food. On vacation or on my birthday I eat pizza,
conversation. There is one you don’t need. fries, burgers, etc. However, in the school year
I try to eat fruit, my favorite fruits are apples and
in on at how much how many
oranges. I eat one in the morning at break time.
A: money do your parents
give you per month?
Person Food Time
B: My parents give me 10 dollars
the morning every Saturday and I need to make
all day long
it last all week.
(morning,
A: It’s a generous allowance! What do you do with afternoon,
that money? evening)

B: I sometimes buy some snacks

noon in school days and I save the rest to buy
fashionable clothes. my birthday,
I receive the double. It is excellent! Ali

Writing

2 Write about FOOD: What kind of food do you

prefer? Where can you buy it?. (60 words)
both healthy
and fast food

Listening

4 Listen to Tati talking about her diet. Choose the right

option.

• Tati is from . . .
a. Ecuador b. England c. Chile
Reading

3 Read the following people’s comments and then • She eats some . . . for breakfast.
complete the chart below.
a. apples b. granola c. cereal
My friend Andy has a real sweet tooth. • She eats some . . . for lunch.
He loves candy, ice cream, and all sweet pastries.
He eats them in the morning, in the afternoon a. cereal b. fruit c. meat
and in the evening. He says that when he goes
• She eats some . . . for dinner.
on a trip, he eats them all the time.
a. pasta b. fruit c. cereal
Ali my sister is very strict with her diet. She
eats a lot of vegetables and fruit. She eats some
cereal and an apple in the morning and a banana Speaking
in the afternoon together with some fresh cheese
5 Talk about weird food you know. Try to talk for
or eggs or beans for protein and a lot of water. In
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at least one minute.

the evening she makes herself some salad. She is
really healthy.

30
 Assessment Do you like to go shopping?
Writing

1 Write a message to your friend explaining all the a. Most people think shopping is torture.
weird food you know. Say where you can buy or try
it, how cheap or expensive it is, and if you have tried
it. (40-50 words)
b. People usually take their time when
buying gifts or presents for friends
and relatives.

c. Money is not really important when

shopping for groceries.

Reading d. With delivery service you do not need

to leave your house to buy food.
2 Read the following text and write True(T) or
False(F) next to the statements below. Correct the
false statements.
Listening
Some people think shopping is fun but 3 Listen to a family doing grocery shopping at a
others consider it a torture. When buying a supermarket and complete the chart below.
present for a close friend or a family member,
you can take your time to find something nice How much/many did they buy?
and special, and the price doesn’t even matter Products they buy Products they don’t buy
sometimes. It’s an occasional event and you
feel great when you find the right gift. On the
other hand, grocery shopping can be stressful
especially for some parents who need to feed
their family and don’t have sufficient money to
satisfy all the necessities. Another negative side
of shopping can be the great amount of people
Speaking
buying at the same time, especially on specific
days and hours. However, nowadays there are 4 In pairs. Student A: You have a restaurant of typical
companies that offer delivery service and you Ecuadorian food and you are grocery shopping at
can receive your items at home. There is also a market. Ask for all the products you need, the price
the option of homemade gifts, using recycled and where the restroom is. Student B: You must
material and your creativity. No matter how, invent the prices for the products your customer
where or what you do, when giving a present, asks for. Try to be as realistic as possible. Then, give
do it with your heart! him/her directions to go to the bathroom.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I do it some I can I can’t do it
Topics very well what well improve without help
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I can talk about different types of food and nutrients.

I can listen and appreciate different foods from around the world.
I can write about my daily meals.
I can read and learn about exotic foods and their characteristics.

31
 Project 2
A Healthy Diet
Research about food that contains the most important nutrients a person
must have, the quantity and frequency it should be eaten, and other
Tip characteristics or aspects to consider in order to have a healthy and
energetic body.
Don’t forget to do your research
in English and use the internet Follow the steps:
safely and constructively.
1. Make a list of the food or products you find in your research and divide
them by groups. Adapt the chart according to your research results.

Challenge! Research about the budget (price) needed to buy these foods.

Categories
Examples
(fruit, vegetables, Nutrients
(apples, broccoli,
carbohydrates, (proteins, vitamins, etc.)
cereal, etc.)
meats, dairy, etc.)
Freepik
Freepik

2. Make a drawing that represents the information.

It can be a histogram, a pie chart, a bar chart, a food
pyramid, etc.

3. Present it to the class. Explain the research

results and give recommendations to have
a healthy diet. Include examples
Freepik

of the food that is not recommended.

Use expressions like how much/many…,
I/We/People’d like/rather…,
at lunch/dinner…,etc.

Vocabulary

food for thought. something

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people should think seriously

about

histogram. a type of graph

that shows information

32
Freepik
 English How much technology
Pedagogical Module 4 is in my life?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

Cartoon
4 making

Ar
3

t
Zero and first conditional

La
ng
ua
5 Letter writing

ge
Adverbs of time:
2

an
yet, just and already

d
ish

Li
te
gl

ra
tu
En

re
Present perfect 1 Digital Home &
6

So
Life community life

ci
al
St
ud
ie
s
Values

Honesty and Internet Environmental

11 Democracy 10 responsibility 9 safety 8 and health care 7 World peace

Did you know that…?

• IBM made its first supercomputer in 1956 and it
weighed over one hundred kilograms?
• Email or electronic mail was invented in the 1960s,
and around 20 years later the World Wide Web
(www) appeared?
• Gary Thuerk was the first man who sent a spam
Pixabay / Pete Linforth

email in 1978?
• In 2012, a company discovered that most traffic on
the internet is caused by hackers, bots and malicious
programs and not by people?
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What do you think about these facts? Are you familiar with
the terms spam, hackers and bots? Discuss with a partner.

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

How much digital technology do you use every day?

Digital Devices in Our Lives

Value: Internet safety

Using digital devices in excess The first digital device was a huge numerical computer created
can affect your mental health in 1946 during World War 2 to send secret messages. At present, 43.3 %
and it can end up as an addiction of the world’s population has access to computers. Thanks to technology,
that is usually hard to control there are lots of devices we can use to study, to obtain precise information
without professional help. and share it in seconds, to communicate worldwide, etc. However,
not everyone uses technology correctly. Some people get sick because
they play video games for hours and others lose their money because they
fall into digital traps. That’s why we have to manage our time correctly
on digital devices!

Tip

Don’t forget to listen to others’

ideas and take turns. You can
use expressions to agree/

Freepik
disagree like:
• I think so. / I don’t think so.
• I understand your point,
1. Let’s get ready for a debate! Follow the steps below.
but I think…
• I agree to some extent. Theme: Do you think the use of digital devices benefits our lives?
• I see what you mean but…
• I couldn’t agree with you more.
Step 1 Divide the class into two groups. One group is going to be
• I don’t agree at all. in favor and the other one against the theme.
Step 2 Choose a neutral person (a mediator) who is going to establish
order and assign turns for each participant.
Step 3 Think of positive/negative aspects of using digital devices
(depending on the group). Try to search for new vocabulary
if possible.
Step 4 One member of a group starts the debate by saying the first
Vocabulary idea. Then, a member of the other group tries to say the opposite
thought (positive/negative side of that idea), and so on.
device. an object or machine Step 5 Each group finds a conclusion to wrap up the activity. Did one
invented for a purpose side present better points to support their position?
trap. a device designed
to catch and retain animals 2. After the debate, what is your personal position on this topic? In a couple
or people so they can't escape of sentences answer the theme question and support your answer giving
in favor. having or showing one or two reasons.
approval Opinion:
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against. in opposition Reason 1:

to something
Reason 2:
wrap up. to finish doing
something Conclusion:

2
 Oral Communication

Are you on Facebook?

A Famous App
1. Listen to an interview on TV show. Can you name the show? What
details do you know about the show? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

2. Listen to the interview again and match the column on the left with
the corresponding pair on the right.

a. As many people know just by typing their names.

b. I was 19 years old you can manage your profile.

You can find your

c. when Facebook went viral.
friends and relatives
the name of the app
d. From your account
is Facebook.

Freepik
3. Look at the pictures and circle the digital devices on which Facebook
is available.

Vocabulary

app. abbreviation
for the word application
Freepik

successful. accomplishing
the the desired results

release. to make something

accessible for public use
or to buy
Challenge! Find a partner to act with!
upload. to copy or move
4. Now you are the journalist (student A), write 3 other questions that you
programs, information, etc.
would like to ask Mark Z (student B). Then, switch the roles. to the internet
Student A: available. ready to be used
or obtained
Student B:
manage. to be able to do
Student A:
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something at a particular time

Student B:
go viral. something that
Student A: quickly becomes popular
on the internet
Student B:

3
Reading
Social Studies

Are teenagers in danger?

Digital Technologies and Digital Media

1. Read the following news article about the potential harm caused
by digital technologies these days. Then answer the questions below.

In our daily lives, technology has become more and more used.
For many people, it is so important that they go crazy when it
stops working. Adolescents are not the exception, most of them are
so engaged in it that in some cases they put their normal lives aside
to stay connected to their devices. However, they are not the only
victims of these technologies. There is an increasing trend toward
digital media in the society in general.
On one hand, there are the digital or technological devices which
are the physical objects people use to make videos, record music
or take pictures. On the other hand, there is digital media, also
Freepik

called social networks that are the intangible tools that users access
to connect and share information, images, music and so on.

2. What is the difference between digital technologies and digital media?

3. According to the article, are adolescents the only victims of these

technologies? Support your answer.

4. In pairs, complete the following chart with the examples of digital

technologies and examples of digital media from the box. Give a couple
of extra examples of your own for each column.

Vocabulary Facebook smartphones digital cameras Twitter

engaged. involved webcams Skype camcorders YouTube

in something/with something

aside. to one side Digital Technologies Digital Media

increasing. to make
something bigger in quantity

social network. a digital

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way of communicating
with many people

intangible. impossible
to count or touch

4
 Writing
Have you ever been to the movies? What type of movies do you like to watch?

Cinema World
Grammar Tip
Every day there is a new film released for movie theaters. There are romantic,
comedy, action, drama, animated, horror, and science fiction films. Present perfect tense can be
1. Can you label the movies with the right type? Write the type of movie used to talk about past actions
below the picture it describes. with no specific time of the
action. The structure of a
drama horror animated romantic action science fiction sentence is:
Subject + have/has + verb in past
participle + (complement).
Remember!
• The past participle
of regular verbs end in ed.
i.e. played , cooked , watched
• The past participle
of irregular verbs has

Pixabay
different forms. i.e. gone, seen,
eaten
• You can use the time adverbs:
2. You are talking to a friend about movies. Complete the conversation yet (until now), already (earlier
using the present perfect tense. than expected), just (a very short
time ago), never (not at any
Tony: There’s this new movie theater at the mall. you time before).
(go) there yet?
Johan: No, not yet. You?
Tony: I just (come) from there. I love it.
Johan: I (hear) it’s really big. What movie did you see?
Tony: “Fast and Furious.” Do you like action films?
Johan: No, not much! I’m more into sci-fi. you (see)
Star Wars?
Tony: Yes, I already (watch) all the sagas.

3. Now continue the conversation. In pairs, write a few more lines for each
kid. Don’t forget to use the present perfect and adverbs of time at least
in a couple of sentences! When you finish, role play with your partner
the whole conversation. Vocabulary

Child A: ever. any time

the movies. cinema or movie

theater
Child B:
sci-fi. short way to say
science fiction
Child A:
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saga. an extended story.

Star Wars and Harry Potter
are examples
Child B:
whole. complete

5
Language Through the Arts
Art

Are all cartoons funny, or can you learn from cartoons?

Mafalda: The Girl who Changed a Nation

Value: World peace
Did you know that...?
Many authors and artists in
The images in films are called frames and the images in cartoons cells?
general, such as Quino, use
their work to promote world There are approximately 24 frames per second in a film and 12 cells per
peace. We can be part of the second in a cartoon?
solution by finding a peaceful Human eyes cannot see the space between each frame or cell?
way to solve our conflicts
at home, in school, and
everywhere. Mafalda is an Argentinian cartoon character created by Quino in 1964.
The stories of each comic strip are full of a girl’s curiosity and innocence that
makes adults realize their errors and become aware of the world’s problems.
She has also influenced the eating habits of children who read her stories.
Before the appearance of Mafalda on television, the comic strips were
published in local newspapers until the cartoonist, Quino, stopped making
the series.

1. Read the following comic strip. Then, answer the questions below.
Pixabay

Cabrera, A.
2. What does this girl's innocence help adults realize?
Vocabulary

cartoon. a funny drawing, esp.

in a magazine or newspaper

frame. one of the many

individual pictures
that form a TV or cinema film

cell. one of the squares 3. Why do you think she thinks that world peace is in the box?
in a comic strip

comic strip. a short series

of funny drawings with
a small amount of writing,
often published in a
newspaper
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realize. understand a situation

4. Challenge! With a partner, create a comic in your notebook. You can get
aware. knowing that some ideas from other comic strips like Mafalda or any other cartoon you
something exists like. Be as creative as possible.

6
 Oral Communication

Which people do not need a cell phone?

Buying Technology

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

Freepik
1. Juliana, a 15 year-old girl, is going to buy her first cellphone but
she is not sure where to go and how to use it. Listen to a radio commercial Value: Internet safety
and give Juliana some tips by completing the sentences.
Before using the internet or
interacting on any social media
You can buy a cell phone at (T.I.A.M) . website, it is very important
With your cell phone you can to ask your parents for some
your friends, take and share guidance and authorization.
There are dangers like fake
them with your . identities and profiles, or you
If you like music, you can some albums can be a victim of cyberbullying.
from your favorite .
You can get about the weather,
the and fashion trends.

Tip

Try to take some notes while listening to the commercial.

Vocabulary

stay tuned. to remain alert

2. Role play with a partner to give Juliana some information about a place the listener
to buy a cell phone, according to the listening. You can start like this:
be right back. it is used
to show a person that
• Student 1: Hi Juli, I heard you want to get a cell phone. someone will return quickly
• Student 2: Hi (name)! Yes, I do. Why? weather. the conditions
• Student 1: Well… in the air such as wind,
rain or temperature

trend. to do or use something

Non-Commercial Licence

3. Teenagers have some risks and dangers when they use a cell phone. that other people copy
Think about some recommendations to give Juliana before she starts
using her new cell phone. Discuss with your partner. risk. the possibility that
something negative could
happen

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What is the oldest sound recording device? How did your parents and grandparents listen to music?

Audiovisual Equipment

Thomas Alba Edison invented the first audio

device in 1877. It was called the phonograph. It took
3 years after it was invented until the phonograph
was released. At the time, the phonograph
cost more than $150. (It was not accessible for
everyone). Since then, there have been plenty of
Pixabay

Pixabay / WikiImages
audiovisual devices that are used not only to record
basic sounds, but also to produce sounds, colors,
etc. Thanks to advanced technologies, audiovisual
equipment is present in everybody’s lives.

1. In pairs, imagine you are a journalist in 1877. Write 3 questions that you
would like to ask Thomas Alba Edison about his brand new phonograph.
Then ask your partner and switch roles. You can start like this:
ay

• Journalist: Good morning Mr. Edison! Thank you for coming!

Pixab

• T.A.E.: Good morning! Thanks for the invitation!

• Journalist: I’d like to ask you a few questions…

• Journalist:
• T.A.E.:
• Journalist:
• T.A.E.:
• Journalist:
• T.A.E.:

2. Nowadays, there are some other audiovisual devices! Connect the image
with the word that corresponds:

Vocabulary
speaker
phonograph. machine that
played vinyl records to make
sounds such as music

plenty of. informal way projector

to say more than enough

brand new. something

totally new cordless microphone
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cordless. with no cord

or wire
Pixabay

speaker. electronic device professional camera

that projects sounds

8
 Oral Communication

What are some of the methods that people use to get information?

The Media

Media is important in everyday life because it informs, educates, and

entertains. It influences people’s opinion about the way we look at the
world. We must be careful to find a trustworthy source of information.

1. To learn about the different types of media, listen to a mother and her
child. Then, match the information below.

bay
Pixa
a. Printed media web sites, blogs
or the press Value: Internet safety

When surfing on the internet,

b. Broadcast media news shows, music shows
TV and radio
you must be very careful
to evaluate the information
that you find. Analyze and
c. magazines, newspapers
consider everything when
Internet
making decisions.

2. Listen to the conversation again and complete the chart.

Source of
Family member Type of media Reason to use it
preference

broadcast the
most important
news around the
world and play
beautiful music

grandpa newspaper Vocabulary

media. radio, television,

internet, etc.

press. magazines,
newspapers, etc.
internet news. information about
important events

newspaper. a large printed

document containing news,
articles, advertisements
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3. In small groups, make a list of different sources of information with and images
examples of the types of media that you know in Ecuador. Then, say
which you prefer and why. Finally, discuss which source you consider broadcast. to spread
trustworthy. information to lots of people

9
Language Through the Arts

In what ways can technology affect art?

Cyber Painting

Freepik
Technology has definitely affected art and the way artists work.
On one hand, graphic design and Photoshop have expanded the creativity
of artists, and the new techniques allow them to replace the traditional
tools with interesting video software and digital colors. On the other
hand, artists are forced to learn about all these technological advances,
techniques and tools in order to convey their vision effectively through
their artistic expressions and not all artists can or are willing to do it.

1. Which of the two images above represent the traditional tools mentioned
in the reading? Write some examples.

•
•
•
•
•

2. Based on the reading above, complete the following chart with the
impact of technology on art. Then compare your answers with a partner.

Positive impact: Negative impact:

• •
Vocabulary
• •
Photoshop. computer • •
program used to modify
a picture or photograph • •

advance. improving progress/ • •

development on something
Non-Commercial Licence

convey. communicate 3. In your notebook, use your own words, give your artist friend some
something advice on how to use technology positively when doing his/her job.
Do not limit your advice to the ideas from the reading. Think or investigate
be willing to. accept to do others and share your ideas with the class.
something

10
 Oral Communication

Do you like to read books or surf the web?

The Digital Age

Freepik
Grammar Tip
1. Complete this chart with the advantages and disadvantages of reading
in the digital age: Remember to use the correct
verb tense when you talk
Advantages Disadvantages about the future.
For example: I am going to...
• • I will...
• •
• •
• •
• •

2. Now listen to a podcast about "reading in the digital age" and compare Audio
your answers. Did they mention any of them? Which ones? Compare Listen to the dialogue.
with a partner.

3. Imagine that you can contact the people speaking in the audio. Ask them
to talk about a specific topic of your choice. Write down the topic and
script. Some possibilities are: time spent online, dangers of the internet,
benefits of the internet.

Vocabulary

surf the web. navigate

on the internet

age. a specific period of time

overloaded. too much

of something
Non-Commercial Licence

topic. subject, theme

be (not be) into something.

to be interested in something
or not

11
Reading

Do you know who Andy Warhol was? What are examples of Pop Art?

Pop Art

He is the artist that

made Pop Art famous in
the 60’s with his critiques
about society, commercial
culture, movies, pop music,
Domine Publics

advertising and the media.

Domine Publics
1. Read the letter Camila sent to Louis. With a partner, look for places
in the sentences where you could possibly use time adverbs: yet, already,
and just.( Hint: look for the word "have" in the letter.)
Grammar Tip

Remember!
the present perfect tense Dear Louis,
is used to talk about past
actions with no specific time I have read your letter and got so excited with the great
of the action. news. I am really happy you have made your dream come true.
The time adverb: An art gallery is what you have always wanted since high
• Just (a very short time ago) school. I hope I can go visit you soon and see for myself
is used in affirmative all the great ideas you have had to start your new business.
sentences only.
• Yet (until now) is used at I have not asked you, have you contacted some artists
the end of negative sentences. already? I have a friend in your city who may be interested.
She has worked as a graphic designer for a long time and her
• Already (earlier than
digital art has been shown in some famous galleries. Her art
expected) is used in
affirmative and interrogative
work has been influenced by Andy Warhol, the creator of
sentences. Pop Art and it is amazing. I have not talked to her since last
summer, but I can call her if you are interested. Let me know.
Well, I’ll talk to you soon and congratulations on this
new project!
Love,
Camila
Vocabulary

critique. a personal opinion

about a specific theme
2. Do you think it is a good idea for Louis to contact Camila’s friend? Yes?
make your dream come true.
No? Why? Discuss in small groups.
Non-Commercial Licence

to achieve something you

really want
3. Besides Pop Art, what other modern art do you know about? Research
art gallery. a building where some new ideas and share them with your class.
pieces of art are exhibited

12
 Writing

When was the last time you wrote someone a letter? How is writing a letter different from simply sending a message?

Writing a Letter

20 Rowland Street
Abdey Dale
AD16 4RG
July 24th, 2019

Dear Hanna,
Thank you for the lovely flowers you gave me for my birthday.
It was so kind of you. Roses are my favorite flowers.
Best wishes,
Maria

Tip
1. Order the following parts of a letter writing 1 to 6 in each circle.
Then, look at the letter above and label each part on the lines provided. Social writing includes
birthday messages,
• Body (the message to be transmitted)
congratulation cards,
and friends’ letters, among
• Signature (the writer’s name or nick name)
others. No matter who you
• Address (street name, house or building number, city, etc.) are writing to (a close friend,
relative or colleague), the idea
• Close (a warm phrase or phrases to say good bye) is to transmit a message that
communicates your thoughts
• Date (day, month, and year) clearly and in an appropriate
order.
• Greeting (Dear + name or relationship)

2. You are Camila's friend in the letter on the last page. Reply to Camila's
letter including all the parts of a letter. Remember, Camila asked Louis
if she should contact her friend Louis about the art gallery. That's what
you are responding to. Vocabulary

relative. a member of your

family

colleague. a person that

works in the same place
as you

thought. reflection, something

you’re thinking
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warm. friendly and kind

dear. word used at the

beginning of a letter
to show kindness

13
Assessment
Grammar/Vocabulary
Pop the web
1 Complete the news article with the correct words Modern Art images
from the box. You will not use them all.
download/upload Art
speaker cameras at available
surf School

devices on microphones
Reading
media letter painting
4 Read the comic strip and write T for the true
TECHNOLOGY information or F for the false one.

New Technological and Art I heard there's a

new Star Wars
Do you want movie coming
Gallery in Town to go see a
movie?
Yeah Sure!
What do you out in three days .
want to see? Let's go see that.

The City Hall opens a new gallery

Saturday 10
am. It will present some art pieces like cyber

Freepik
and technological
for all ages. You can a. The comic strip is between two friends.
see great inventions like new cell phones b. One person wants to go
with two professional , watch a film.
cordless and projectors. c. The other person doesn't want to go.
The will be there to take d. The film is going to be at the movies
some pictures and film the event like Channel next week.
3, El Comercio and Vision Radio Station. Free Writing
passes are for everybody.
5 Write a short letter to a close friend or relative
Don't miss it! inviting her/him to your birthday party. Don’t forget
to include all the parts of a letter (address, date,
greeting, body, close and signature). (40-50 words)
2
Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.
a. What is the most interesting film you have
watched ?

b. Have you read a book or story this year?

c. What other cities in Ecuador have you traveled Speaking

to?
6 Look at the following images, choose one or two
and try to explain what they are, what you can do
d. In what tense are these questions? with those devices and what are the advantages or
disadvantages of them.
Non-Commercial Licence

Listening

3 Listen to the radio commercial and match the words

Pixabay

on the left and right to create phrases you hear in

the audio.
14
 Assessment How much technology is in my life?
Grammar/Vocabulary Reading
1 Circle the correct words from the parentheses to 3
3 Read the letter and answer the questions below.
complete the dialogue.
Mom: Have you (decided / made / chose) up your 70 Dunfield Avenue
mind about the summer classes you want to take Diana Prentice
this year? M4S 3A4
Son: Not (just / already / yet) mom. There are July 4th, 2019
many options so I’m not sure. There are modern Dear aunt,
art classes at a (gallery / supermarket / press). I’m so happy to receive your letter. Thanks
There I can learn some (books / graphic / media) for the wishes and the beautiful pictures sent.
design and I (have / had / am) heard it is great!
Mom: That sounds interesting honey.
I hope I can go visit you soon.
Son: I know but I have (take / took / taken) art Lots of love,
lesson before. I want to try something different. Liz
Mom: Why don’t you try news (magazines /
broadcasting / television)? The media offers
radio, TV and newspaper techniques.
Son: Cool! Let me go (internet / web / online) a. Who sent the letter?
to find some information about it.

b. Who received the letter?
Listening
2 Listen to the conversation and choose the correct
answer.
c. What is the letter about?
1. The conversation is between
a. a dad and a son. c. a student and a teacher.
b. a couple of friends. d. When was the letter sent?

2. They are talking about

a. a soccer championship. Writing
b. a school problem. c. a new app. 4 In your notebook, write a 40-50 word letter
to someone thanking them for something nice that
3. The app that one of the teens uses works
they did.
a. only when there’s internet.
b. without battery. c. without internet.
Speaking
4. The other teen 5 Using the vocabulary learned in these lessons, talk
a. is interested in using the app. about the new technologies you know and how
b. is not interested in using the app. useful you think they are in our daily lives.
c. is not sure about the app.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can speak about technology.

I can read and understand information about digital media.
I can write a letter with all the correct parts.
I can use expressions to agree and disagree appropriately.

15
 Project 1
My App
Choose a partner to work with and create an interesting and useful app
that helps people in some way.

You must:

1 Give it a name.

2 Design the logo.

Tip

Make a list of the characteristics,

Remember to be creative and
original. Try to think of what
3 benefits or functions.
people need so you can help
them with your app.

Cabrera, A. - Freepik
Mention the devices where
4 you can upload the app.
starsApp
starsApp

starsApp

5 Explain your project to the whole class.

You can use a PowerPoint, Prezi or (a) poster(s) for the presentation.

Good luck with

your project!!!
Vocabulary

useful. helpful

function. the way

that a device works

PowerPoint. the name

of a computer program
that helps to create
Non-Commercial Licence

electronic presentations

Prezi. another computer

program that can be used
such as PowerPoint
Freepik

16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary

1 What do you know about technology?

Look at the first page of this module and below Examples: Where have you traveled on vacation?
write some historic facts about technology in I have traveled to the beach, to the mountains, to visit
the 50’s, 60’s, 70’s and 80’s. Then, imagine a new my family in Patate, etc…/ What books have you read?
technological invention of the future. There is an I’ve read…
example given to you.
• 1956:
•

• 1960:
•

• 1978: First spam email

•

• 1980: Reading

3 Read the following text and answer the questions

below.
• 2012:

The film industry has benefited from

technological advances. For instance, new
• 2020: movies use special effects that look so real that
sometimes it is impossible to know when some
people, animals or objects are real or just a digital
image. The movies now have some 3D and even
• 2050:
4D screens that make us believe we are part of the
scene. In some of them, there are also comfortable
reclining arm chairs where you can practically lie
Grammar down and relax as if you were at home. These are
only some of the examples of how digital life has
2 Present perfect tense. Using the chart below, write transformed the film industry.
three questions asking someone about their past
events. There is an example given to you. When you
finish, ask your partner the questions. You must use
complete sentences in the answers. 4 Mention the three examples of the technological
advances related to the film industry.

Grammar Tip •
•
Remember!
When using the present perfect tense for past actions, •
no specific time is given.
5 Has the media also been affected (positively or
I
WH-word you negatively) from the new technological advances?
have
(what, we
verb in Why? Why not? How?
where, they
past (complement) ?
Non-Commercial Licence

when,
participle
who, has she
how…) he
it

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What activities do you enjoy doing in your free time?

Free Time Activities

People do many different things when they have free time. They listen
to music, record videos, download music, read books, watch TV, go to the
movies, chat with their friends, etc. If there is enough money, there are
more possibilities. So, if you have free time, what do you do?

1. Read the text above and notice the tense used in each sentence. What
tense is it? When do we use it?

When you express a general condition and the result of that condition,
you use:
Freepik

If + present tense (condition) , preset tense (result).

i.e. If I am tired, I sleep.

The position of the clauses does not change the meaning.

i.e. I sleep if I am tired.

Do not use a comma to separate the two clauses if the result clause is
first as in the last example.

2. Match the following activities with the right pair.

a. YouTubers are they ask their teacher

famous

b. If you want you turn on the

to listen to music, radio or your cellphone

c. I call my best friend if they have lots

of subscribers

d. If students don’t
understand, if I feel sad

3. Now rewrite and connect the pair of clauses. Use a blue pen for
the condition and a red pen for the result. Don’t forget to use correct
Vocabulary
punctuation.
enough. amount or quantity
1
Non-Commercial Licence

needed
2
subscriber. someone who
supports or uses a service 3
regularly
4
18
 Oral Communication

Give examples of how technology helps us and makes our lives easier?

Technology to Improve Life

Freepik
1. Listen to a TV show documentary about technology. Write down
some of the important words that you hear. Then, look for and circle Audio
the important words in the word search below. Listen to a TV show.

C O M M U N I C A T E E

P R E V E N T Q Z R Y R

U H D H E L P M H U S F

T G I P R O T E C T A S

W J C M L C N F U N V B
Value: Environmental
U J A C O A E F A H E G
and health care
A L L R H R E H K R O V
If we want to live a healthy
E Z Z O L E A R N A X F
and safe life, we must
prevent accidents and health
2. Listen to the documentary again and match the pairs to find the different complications.
ways of using technology.

a. have the planet

b. save tools

c. prevent fun

d. protect the elderly

e. help alarms Vocabulary

f. medical lives improve. to make something
become better
g. car damage
prevent. stop something
from happening
3. With a partner, think of other ways to use technology in today’s world.
Then, discuss how they help us improve life. Challenge! Draw one or two tool. an implement to make
of your ideas. or repair something

checkup. an examination
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surgery. medical operation

highway. a main road

for traveling between cities

19
Reading

Is all technology environmentally friendly?

Environmental Technology

Value: Environmental and health care

Protecting our planet is everybody’s responsibility. We can start by

applying RRR: recycling, reusing and reducing our own waste.

Grammar Tip Most people think that our world and its environment is being
destroyed by the technological devices that generate lots of waste and
When the result pollution. However, environmental technology is actually helping us
of a condition is possible in so many different ways. Not only our planet, the Earth itself, but the
in the present or future, animals and all living beings benefit from it. An example is the paper
we use the future tense waste reduction because of the use of memory drives or virtual clouds to
(will, can, may, might). keep documents, books and photographs. Another example is the clean
Look at the first conditional renewable energy obtained from the wind and the sun that replaces fossil
in the example below fuels. In agriculture, the robotic farming permits us to monitor the fields
If + present simple (will, and livestock efficiently.
may, can, might) +infinitive
If it is sunny, I may go to the
park. I may go to the park if it's 1. Read the text above and find the correct information to label the pictures.
sunny.

Freepik

Vocabulary 2. Think of the possible results of using environmental technology from the
text and complete the sentences below. Example:
waste. unnecessarily use
• If we save water, we will/can/may have enough for the future generations.
living. having life (condition) (result)

virtual cloud. digital storage • If we use more e-books and virtual clouds,
of information
.
renewable. something
• If smart buildings control the electrical system of the rooms,
that can be re-produced
.
fossil fuel. gas, oil, etc.
produced from nature
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3. What will/can/may happen if we continue wasting the Earth’s natural

livestock. different types sources?
of animals that are retained With a partner, answer the question above in complete sentences in
on farms, for example sheep your notebook. Write at least three sentences.

20
 Writing
Social Studies

What are some things I can do to take care of the planet?

If We All Care...

There are so many things we can do to help the planet, nature, and its living
beings.

1. From the two charts of words given, make one list of actions we can do
and another list with the possible pairs as in the example. There can be
more than one possibility for each action.

recycle reduce fix respect habitats electricity

waste control reuse garbage waste plastic

Freepik
separate water leaks paper

Actions (verbs) Objects (nouns)

• fix • water leaks

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

2. Using the pairs of words from exercise 1, write complete conditional

sentences:

If + present tense (condition), future tense (result).

There is an example for you. Example:

• If we fix water leaks in our homes, we can save water and money.
• .
• .
• .
• .
Vocabulary
• .
habitat. the place where
• . something or someone lives
Non-Commercial Licence

leak. water or air escaping

3. With a partner, think about other ways to help the Earth. Try to use a few
from where it should be.
words from exercise 1 and also create your own ideas too. Example: At
For example water from
home, we can turn off the lights if we are not in the room.
a pipe, or air from a tire.

21
Language Through the Arts
Art

When did it start?

Graphic Narrative

Did you know that comic

strips began around 1865 in
Germany and the first one to
appear in a newspaper was in
the United States of America? Its

P.D Jankens - Fred Chess

name was The Yellow Kid and it
was published every Sunday in
a supplement of the Hearst New
York America paper in 1896.

1. Look at the following comic strips. Match them with their topics.

a. OOOHHH WHAT A
PRETTY PUPPY,
YOU ARE AS BEAUTIFUL
AS THE MOON, I LOVE YOU STOP, I WILL HAVE

PUPPY, MY PUPPY VERY MUCH AN INDIGESTION

ee
pi
k Love
Fr

b.
Sports
Danger

c. WATCH OUT FOR

THE BALL
THANK
YOU!

A Pet’s
Friend
Cabrera, A.

WATCH
WHAT

2. Think about comic strips that you have seen and read. Where are they
published? Discuss with a partner.

3. Write a short and funny dialogue for this comic strip, give names to the
characters and think of an original name for the comic strip. When you
finish, compare with a partner.

Vocabulary

appear. to start, to exist

publish. to put in a book

or newspaper and release
for the public
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supplement. additional part

of newspaper or magazine
Freepik

paper. newspaper

22
 Oral Communication

Have you ever played a trivia game?

The Film Industry

1. Listen to a couple of friends playing a trivia game. Can you say what
the topic is about? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Listen again and complete the phrases of the chart below with the correct
phrase.

Expressing a Why…
suggestion Let’s…

Confirming Am I…
information
Turn taking It’s your…
Expressing doubt I’m not…
Self-correction Oops, I…

P.D Jankens - Fred Chess

Telling bad/ I’m afraid…
negative news
Expressing
certainty or No…
confidence

Tip

Use these expressions when trying to communicate effectively with

someone.

3. Pair activity. Write some questions for a trivia game. You can use any
topic you like. Then, play with your partner. You must use some of the
expressions from the chart above.

Vocabulary

trivia. facts and details about

various subjects, sometimes
used in games
Non-Commercial Licence

doubt. uncertainty, not 100%

sure about something

certainty. without doubt

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are some cartoons that you have enjoyed watching? Do you still watch cartoons?

Cartoon Making
Value: Honesty and
responsibility

Some films, cartoons, and

Pixabay / Cabrera, A.
comic strips are responsible
and they to transmit different
values and positive messages
to the viewers and readers.
They teach about tolerance, 1 2 3
respecting diversity, rejection
of injustice, bullying or Did you know that the first animated cartoon, Fantasmagorie,
peer-pressure, and solidarity. was a black-and-white short film? It was made in 1908 by a French
Practice these values every day artist called Emile Cohl.
to be part of a peaceful world.
Walt Disney, the most famous cartoonist who created Mickey
Mouse, failed many times before becoming so popular.

Danny Elfman created The Simpsons in only a couple of days.

1. Read the text and match the images with the corresponding facts
by writing the correct number in the circles provided.

2. Think and write a couple of examples of films, cartoons or comic strips

where you can find a positive message. Then, share them with a partner
and tell him/her why you like them and what you have learned from them.

Film/Cartoon/Comic Strip Message or Value

3. Challenge! Draw a scene or character from one of your examples in

Vocabulary exercise 2.

fail. unsuccessful

values. principles and beliefs

about what is wrong or right

viewers. public or people who

are watching
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rejection. refusing to approve

something

peer-pressure. the influence

of a group of people

24
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

What are some digital tools that you use?

Technology in Education

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1. Listen to some technology news and write True(T) or False(F) next to
each statement. Then, correct the false information on the lines provided. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
a. Technology has transformed education inside the classroom.

b. The critics say that there are more advantages

than disadvantages.

c. Students do not get engaged or motivated when using

gadgets to do homework or study.

d. Teachers can also benefit from technology.

2. With a partner, think of a couple of examples of technological support

used in education for both, students and teachers. Example:
The use of computers to do research in labs permits students to…

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the examples given

in exercise 2. Write them down.

•
Technology
•

Vocabulary
•
Advantages
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• get engaged. being involved

in something
• gadget. device to use
Disadvantages
• to get something done

25
Reading
Language and Literature

What are some of the ways that you communicate with friends?

Catching up with a Friend

1. Read the letter and circle all the sentences in present perfect.

Barkley Line 433

Seattle
October 31st, 2019
Dear Carlo,
I’ve called you many times this week so we could catch up
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with some news. I imagine you’ve been out of town lately so

I decided to write you a letter instead.
Remember the digital technology class I wanted to take last
Grammar Tip year? Well, I’ve started it and I love it.
When writing sentences About my job, I have gotten a promotion.
in present perfect (Subject + I’m so excited about it even when it has not been really easy.
have/has + past participle + Ah! I haven’t fixed my computer so I’m just
complement.), you can use using my cellphone and regular mail to contact everyone.
the adverbs:
• Just for an action that Well, I have to say goodbye now. I hope to hear from
happened recently you soon.
• Yet for negative and Love,
interrogative sentences.
Kaley
• Already for actions occurred
before the time expected.

2. Complete the blanks in the letter above with the words just, yet and
already. Then, read it all again.

3. Match the parts of a letter with the examples in exercise 1.

a. Body Love,

b. Signature October 31st, 2019

c. Address I’ve called you many times

Vocabulary this week so we could…
lately. recently d. Close Kaley
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promotion. getting a better

position on your job e. Date Dear Carlo,
soon. quickly, in the near
future f. Greeting Barkley Line 433, Seattle

26
 Writing
Language and Literature

Dear friend…

I'll See You Soon

1. Make a list of some interesting or important things you have done in the
last few months.

2. Write a letter to a friend that has been out of town for a few months
that you want to catch up with. Use the ideas from exercise 1. You must
include some sentences in present perfect and the adverbs just, yet
and already at least once. See the letter examples on earlier pages.

Address

Date

Greeting

Body
Pixabay

Close
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Signature Vocabulary

once. one single time

27
Language Through the Arts
Art

Have you heard Jessie J.?

I’m in Love with Technology

1. Read a song by the singer Jessie J. Have you heard it? What is the topic
of the song? Try to guess what the name of the song is.

I’ve left you, twenty missed calls

Six messages, your voice mail’s full
I call you back, call you back later
Something in my brain pulls at my heart
Dialing your number the ringing starts
Cruz Galvan

You say hello baby I’ll call you back later

Rebeca Moser

A text feels like I’ve kissed you

Flickr / Werner

A phone call’s like you’re here

Freepik. Pixabay

When neither one, I’m like being in love, no

Nowhere near
A voice mail is like I’ve seen you
A message is like we’ve touched
But a comment on my web page baby
It’s not enough

Grammar Tip
Chorus
Cause I feel like I’m in love with technology
When using the present perfect
tense, 've is the contraction of have, Looking at the computer screen
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and 's is the contraction of has. Baby what do you mean to me?
i.e. Was this even real?
I’ve called you. = I have called you.
She’s called me. = She has called me.

2. Circle all the sentences in present perfect from the song.

3. Make a list of the terms related to technology from the song Technology
and use them in a complete sentence.
Example:
Vocabulary • Missed calls My mom’s received some missed calls today.
voice mail. cellphone system •
that records a voice message
•
dial. press a cellphone’s
numbers to call someone •

•
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call back. to return the call

screen. the flat part of •

a device with the images you
•
look at cellphones, TV, etc.

28
 Oral Communication

How can we improve our school?

Tech for Our School

1. Write at least two examples that you know in each category.

Audiovisual Apps & Computer

Digital Devices Equipment Programs

a tablet a web cam

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2. Think of how the school or the students can benefit from each of the
examples given in exercise 1 and write some conditional sentences.
See the example.

• If the school has computers, the students can learn some computer programs.
•
•
• Tip
• When trying to express your
• personal point of view,
you can use expressions like:
I have seen/noticed/observed
that…., In my experience,…,
Value: Democracy Personally, I think…, I’m sure/
certain/convinced that…
An important part of democracy is including the opinions of
everyone in decision making. At schools, while the final decisions
will be made by authorities, students have the right to express
ideas and give suggestions that will benefit everyone in the school
community.

3. Now, imagine you have the opportunity to talk to the school authorities
and explain the importance of technology in education. You can use Vocabulary
some of the ideas in exercise 2. Practice with a classmate.
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web cam. a camera that

records and transmits images
through the internet

certain. to be sure

29
Assessment
Grammar/Vocabulary d. What are the agriculturists’ expectations after
1 Use words from the box to complete the text, make implementing this technology?
any changes to the verbs if necessary.
computer made digital be
Listening
internet have communicate learn
3 Listen to the conversation of a couple of friends
talking about environmental technology. Then,
Technology changed write T for true or F for false next to the statements
below and write the correct information when false.
the world and the way people live. There
lots of electronic and a. One of the friends has been busy
because he’s too friendly.
devices that make our lives

easier. Thanks to the ,
b. His friend is interested in hearing
we can in just a few seconds
about the project.
with people on the other side of the world.

E-books and new programs
c. They have to use an environmentally
have helped us things and have
friendly method to generate water.
education more interesting.

Reading d. He’s using recycled material for

the science project.
2 Read the following news and then answer the
questions below.

Local agriculturists are changing the way Writing

they plant, grow and harvest their products.
They have bought some new machines that 4 Write a conversation between two friends who are
control and manipulate their crops. In addition, playing a trivia game about technology. Use the
their livestock is also being handled differently. expressions learned in the Tip charts of this module.
When cows are being milked, they are monitored i.e. Expressing a suggestion, confirming information,
with wireless equipment that prevent their taking turns, expressing doubt, etc.
calves from suffering from anxiety. However,
they say all these new implementations are A:
very expensive and they hope to improve their
business and increase their sales too.
B:

a. What has been changed for local agriculturists?

A:

b. What did they buy to make those changes?
B:

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c. What’s the benefit of monitoring a cow while it

A:
is being milked?

B:

30
 Assessment How much technology is in my life?
Writing Reading
1 Make a list of three different technological terms 4 Read the following text and circle the correct
learned in this module and use them to make information from the words in blue of the statements
conditional sentences as in the example. Example: below.
• app Living a Digital Lifestyle
If I want to find a new address, I check an app
for directions. There are different ways to use technology
such as to play video games, get informed, work
•
or study. Many people have digital cameras and
audiovisual devices such as MP3 players, iPods
or tablets. However, not everybody knows that
those devices can work better and make it easier
•
for us to enjoy their functions and benefits just
by learning more about them. When you know
how to use them effectively, it will not only make
your life easier, but also will reduce the stress of
• needing to get more unnecessary gadgets.

Listening a. There are very few/ some / no ways to use

technology.
2 Listen to some film reviews and then answer the
questions below. b. MP3s, iPods and tablets are digital cameras /
a. What is the name of the film review program? robotic farming / audiovisual devices.
c. We need to learn / buy / inform all their
functions and benefits.
b. When was Casablanca filmed?
d. When we use technology effectively, we get /
reduce / need some stress.
c. What is the story of the film The Godfather based
Speaking
on?
5 Look at the pictures and talk about how technology
benefits the environment. You can use other
d. What is the last movie mentioned in this audio? examples if necessary.

Writing

3 Write in your notebook a short letter to a friend

telling him/her what you have done this month.
Don’t forget to include all the parts of a letter.
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I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics
well well improve without help
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I can talk about technology and digital lifestyles.

I can use the present perfect to talk about past events.
I know how to make conditional sentences for generalities and future possibilities.
I can write a short letter with all its parts to catch up with someone using yet, already and just.

31
 Project 2
My Planet, My Home
In small groups, make a poster to be displayed in your school or classroom
that teaches the importance of protecting and saving our planet and
Tip an example of environmentally friendly technology to support your ideas.
To do so, follow the steps.
Don’t forget to do your
research in English and

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using the internet safely
and constructively.

m e w ay s to h el p ou r planet, its
1. Research so be in gs by us in g technology
nature and al l liv in g
an en vi ro n m en ta lly friendly way.
in
po st er (i t ca n be a collage or a
2. Make the id ea s ch os en from your
drawing) w it h th e
research.
to th e cl as s what your poster
3. Explain
represents.
hool hall way or in
Vocabulary
th e po st er in yo ur sc
display. to show something 4. Display
your classroom.
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for people to see

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32
 English What job would
Pedagogical Module 5 I love to have?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

Second conditional 4 5 Movies/performance/paint

Ar
t
Hospitality
6

an
Nouns: regular/irregular

La Lite
and tourism
3

d
ng ra
plural forms

ua tur
ge e
ish

There is/there are

2 7 Participatory

So
gl

(review) citizenship

ci
En

al
My Dream

St
ud
Job

ie
Modals:

s
Admirable
recommendations 1 8 people

Hi
and possibilities

st
or
y
Values

Honesty and Sexual and Democratic and Gender

12 responsibility 11 reproductive rights 10 participatory citizenship 9 equality

Did you know that…?

The legal age to work varies from country to country?
In Ecuador, as in many other countries worldwide,
people over eighteen years old can legally work.
However, some people from ages sixteen to eighteen
can work with their parents’ consent and authorization.
In some countries children from ages five to seventeen
are actively working and most of them in the worst
conditions. That is called child labor.
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Do you think eighteen years old is the right age to legally work? What do you
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think about companies that use child labor, which is children working illegally?

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What professions do you think could be interesting?

Becoming a Professional
Grammar Tip 1. Memory Game: Look at the different professions in the image for one
minute. Try to memorize as many as possible. Then, close your book and
When speaking about an
say the ones you remember.
imaginary/unlikely situation
in the future, we use: If +
past tense (condition), subject
+ would/could/might (result)
+ verb in base form.
Example: If I had a sister,
I would tell her all my secrets.
(In reality I only have a brother.)
Freepik

2. Match the professions on the left with the corresponding workplace or

activity on the right, and then try to find them in the images above.

a. A police officer builds houses.

b. serves food at a
A chef
restaurant.

c. is in charge of our
A pilot
security.

d. A flight attendant cooks delicious food.

e. serves meals and attends

A construction worker
people on a flight.

f. flies airplanes,
A nurse
helicopters, etc.

g. helps doctors
A waiter/waitress
and assists patients.

h. deals with a fire

Vocabulary A firefighter
and other emergencies.
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attend. provide a service,

especially in a job
Group discussion. When you are an adult, what profession would you
flight. a trip on an airplane like to have? Explain why.

2
 Oral Communication

Is soccer for girls? Are there sports and careers that don't include women?

Choosing a Career

Value: Gender equality

Men and women have the

right to choose their career
or profession as they wish.
There is no reason to exclude
people because of their their
gender. Such exclusion is
called discrimination.

Freepik
1. Listen to a couple of teenagers. What is the main topic of their
conversation? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

2. Listen to the teenagers again and complete the chart with the
corresponding adjectives. The first letter is given for you. When you finish,
find their synonyms and antonyms. Use a dictionary if you would like to.

Synonym Antonym
Family
Adjective word with similar word with
member
meaning opposite meaning
• c
Teen 1 • f
• s
Vocabulary
• s
Teen 2 career. the profession
• u
someone works in after
studying and preparing
Teen’s • s
mom open-minded. someone that
• q
accepts different and new
ideas

3. Can you identify with any of the teenagers? What is your personality stubborn. someone who
like? doesn’t want to change
their opinion
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understanding. person who

Group discussion. Do you think there are professions that are only for understands other points
men or only for women? Which? Why? of view

3
 Reading

Are you looking for a job? Where you can look for many job opportunities in the same place?

Newspaper Classified Section

1. Read the following ads from the classified section of a newspaper.

Telesales Childcare teacher Mature drivers

We want you CTS & Associates Send your resume!

to drive with us… is hiring
- Full-time hours
- Drive to medical
Freep
ik - Part-time job Monday to Friday
appointments
- Start immidiately - Excellent salary
- Full-time hours,
paid weekly - No experience - Child and youth
required worker diploma
- $14/hr & car
- Promenade Mall required
provided
Apply today! Find us online! Contact us!

2. Read the ads again. Then read about the three people below and find the
right person for each job according to their description. Write the job title
next to the person who is qualified for the job. Compare your answers
with a partner and discuss why each person is good for the job.

Suzy. 25 years old.

Friendly and dynamic.
Pedagogy and early
education diploma.

Carlos. 45 years old.

Responsible and
punctual. Bus and taxi
Vocabulary driver with professional
license.
classified. small
advertisements in the
newspaper

telesales. selling products Alex. 19 years old.

and services by telephone Talkative and patient.
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Morning college
childcare. service that takes student.
care of children while parents
are at work

part-time. less than 30 hours Discuss. What type of people would not be appropriate for these jobs?
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per week or 6 hours per day Find the opposite adjectives (antonyms) from Suzy, Carlos and Alex's
full-time. maximum hours that descriptions.
a person can work or study, Example: Someone who is unfriendly and passive wouldn’t be a good
40 hours per week teacher for kids.

4
 Writing
Where do companies go when they want to find new employees?

Hiring Staff
When looking for a new employee, the classified section of a local
newspaper is the best idea for companies, and people looking for a new job.
1. Imagine you are opening a new restaurant and you want to find a
chef, some waiters/waitresses, and a manager. Which of the following
characteristics are the most important for each of these professions?

creative friendly patient

good cook leadership skills organized

polite punctual

2. Now you are ready to hire the new personnel for your restaurant. Work
with a partner. Using the vocabulary in the charts, write three ads for the
classified section of a local newspaper. Include what the job requires and
they type of person needed for the job.

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Full-time/part-time hours
Good salary/wage
Send resume!
Excellent benefits
Contact us!
(No) Experience needed/requested
Apply now!
(No) Diploma needed/requested
(No) Driver license needed/requested

chef waiters/waitresses

Vocabulary

employee. a person that

is paid to work

staff. group of people that

work together

leadership. skills to motivate

manager other people

skills. ability to do a specific

activity

polite. appropriate behavior

wage. the amount of money

that is paid to an employee
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resume. short written

description of someone’s
3. Choose another profession that you like and make a new ad for education and work
a newspaper classified section. Write the ad in your notebook, and use experience
vocabulary from this page.

5
Language Through the Arts
Art

Are you familiar with Harry Potter?

Follow Your Dreams

1. Read the following text.

Harry Potter is a character in a series of fantasy novels written by

the inspiring and imaginative writer J.K. Rowling. The stories are about
typical teenage life situations, and relationship problems such as jealousy
and school exams in a fantastic world. But the author’s life was really
difficult before her stories became popular. Rowling’s mother died after
she finished writing her novel which took her seven years. Then, she
got divorced and lived in poverty partly because her book was rejected
12 times before it was published. However, she followed her dream and
bram
ov
persisted until she could get the world to know her stories. In 2001,
y/A
aba
Pix the first Harry Potter movie was released in London, and was followed
by seven others. Rowling became rich not only because of her great
imagination and writing skills, but also for her persistence in following
her dream. She has certainly lived a very creative life.

2. Answer the questions:

a. What are some of the most interesting facts about this author? Which
of the facts surprised you?
Tip

You can start like this:

My dream is to be/become a/an…
or I’d like to be/become a/an… b. Describe another person whose life is also creative and inspiring.
To follow my dream I need to/ What makes them inspiring?
have to/must/can/should…

c. What are some of the characteristics of an inspiring person?

Vocabulary
3. In pairs, think of some dreams you may have about studying and working
inspiring. someone or and share them with your partner. What will you need to do to follow
something that motivates your dream? How long will it take? Once you have your ideas, write
you to do something about your dream on the lines below.

jealousy. when you feel

unhappy because someone
has something that you want
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rejected. denied, not accepted

persist. continue to work

toward a goal over a period
of time

6
 Oral Communication

What do you want to study in the future to prepare for your career?

Professional Careers
1. Listen to a girl and her mother speaking about different careers and circle
only the ones you hear in the conversation. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

Psychology Law Publicity Architecture

Engineering Graphic design Photography MBA

Journalism Medicine Biology Technology

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2. Listen to the conversation again and complete the four statements with
the corresponding information.

a. so many options honey.

b. technical careers.

c. an easy way to decide.

d. a test you can take.

3. Work in small groups. After taking the abilities and skills test, the girl in
Grammar Tip
the recording found out some facts about herself. Read her test results
and discuss as a group which career or careers you think she should be Use there is (not) + a singular
good at and why?
count noun or a non-count
noun.
Career Aptitude Test Use there are (not) + a plural
count noun.
Management skills 80%

Problem solving skills 75%

Patient 60%
Vocabulary
Leadership skills 68%
MBA. Management Business
Administration
Flexible 55%
law. the study of law or the
Organized 85% job of being a lawyer

engineering. working
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Adaptable 42% with projects that involve

designing and building
Critical thinking 59%
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solving. an answer to
a problem

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What would you do if you were a king or queen?

If I Were a King or a Queen…

1. Imagine you were the king or queen of a nation. What could you do?
What wouldn’t you do? Work in small groups. See the example and
share your ideas.
Example: If I were the king of a nation, I would have a beautiful castle.
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Value: Democratic and participative citizenship

Grammar Tip
In a democratic country, there is active participation and cooperation
Use the second conditional to among its citizens who vote to elect their local and national
talk about an unlikely situation representatives.
in the present or future.

Condition Result 2. Work in small groups for this activity. There are so many things that a
good citizen can do to help the country. One of them is being an excellent
professional. Choose some professions studied on the previous pages
If Ecuador we would and describe what you could do, and what characteristics you might
were a have a king need, if you were a professional in one of those careers. Look at the
monarchy, or a queen. example below to help your group discussion.
Example: If I worked in a bank, I would be very honest, and I could teach my
If I were family about managing money.
the legal age, I could vote.

Note: In the second conditional,

the verb to be is always were in
the condition.
3. Challenge! Each group can make a small poster with a profession and
a phrase used in exercise two. The posters could be displayed in the
classroom or on the school walls if possible.
Vocabulary

king. male ruler of a royal

state

castle. giant, secure building;

traditionally where kings and
queens lived

monarchy. political system

where kings and queens
have the power

vote. when someone can

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choose by expressing their

opinion
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elect. to choose someone

by voting

8
 Oral Communication
History

Do you know who Matilde Hidalgo is?

Someone to Admire

Value: Sexual and

reproductive rights

In the present time, there are

different ways to plan and
control the number of children
a couple wants to have and
when. Many orgaizations today
encourage women to study and
become professionals, and then
also have children if they desire.

Freepik
1. Listen to a grandma talking to her grandchild about Matilde Hidalgo and
Audio
women’s lives in the past. Circle some of the qualities that she had in the
Listen to the dialogue.
list below.

admirable timid hardworking lazy generous

brave humble persistent arrogant loving

intelligent aggressive successful impatient

2. Listen to the conversation again and complete the chart.

Women in the PAST… Women in the PRESENT…

Vocabulary

lazy. someone who doesn’t

have energy and doesn’t want
to do anything
3. Challenge! Research more information about Matilde Hidalgo. brave. not having fear
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humble. not to think too

highly of themselves
In small groups, discuss what was the most interesting thing about
Matilde Hidalgo for each student and explain why. Then, think of succeed. accomplishing
another person who is also admirable and share it with the group. desires

9
Language Through the Arts
Art

Are you a good actor/actress? What qualities does someone need to succeed at acting professionally?

Acting for a Living

Pixabay / David Condrey WikimediaImages

Freepik

An acting career is not as easy as many people think. Many actors

and actresses have struggled and had different types of difficulties before
becoming popular and making a living from it. Some of them start
performing in plays at small theaters before jumping to TV or the big
screen, and only a few become famous film stars.

1. In your notebook, answer the following questions and compare your

answers with a partner.

a. Do you have a favorite actor or actress? Who? Do you remember the

films or series he or she appeared in?
b. What are the most important qualities of a good actor or actress?
c. Is a film at the movies more or less interesting than a play at a theater?
Why?

2. Time to act! Based on Matilde Hidalgo’s history from the last page,
role-play a scene where she is demanding her rights (to vote, to study,
to be a professional). Use your imagination to create the dialogue. Then
practice with a classmate.
You can start like this: Good morning, I’d like…to participate in this
election/to register for medicine school. My name is…

A.
Vocabulary

struggle. to have problems B.

or difficulties

make a living. to earn enough

money to live A.

perform. to do an activity
in front of an audience
B.
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play. live actors on a stage,

not filmed
A.
big screen. films that are
shown in cinemas B.

10
 Oral Communication

What is your dream job? What steps will you need to complete to achieve your dream?

A Dream Job
1. Listen to a few people talk about their dream jobs. Then, write the letter
next to the picture in the circle with the corresponding information. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

a. I love risks and

adrenaline.
I wouldn’t enjoy
working indoors.
Lucy

Enjoying what
b. I do is more
important that Grammar Tip
making lots of
money. When giving recommendations,
Jean use some expressions with
modals such as: She should/
shouldn’t…, He could…, It’s a good/
bad idea for him/her to…,
It’s (highly) recommended to…,
c. The work I would/wouldn’t…if I were her/
environment is him.
essential for me.
I’m a team player.
Thomas

2. Listen to the conversation again and write their professions under their
names.

3. With a partner discuss what jobs are not recommended for Lucy, Jean Vocabulary
and Thomas. Explain why not.
colleagues. a group of people
that work together
• Lucy
adrenaline. a chemical
substance that makes you feel
excited, frightened, etc.

indoors. inside
• Jean
team player. someone that
works for what is best for
a group rather than what is
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best for themselves

• Thomas
earn. to receive money or
something else in exchange
for work

11
 Reading
History

What do you know about Leonardo da Vinci?

An Admirable Man

1 2
Pixabay / OpenClipart-Vectors

Pixabay
1. Look at the paintings above. Are you familiar with them? Do you know
their names? Discuss with a partner.

2. Read about Leonardo da Vinci’s life and circle all the professions he had.

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, sculptor, architect, inventor,

military engineer, and draftsman. He was born in 1452 in Vinci. As a little
child, he lost his mother. Later, he lived with his uncle and grandparents.
He was a curious and intelligent young boy who did not complete his
studies as most other kids did. He only received some basic reading,
writing and mathematics. However, his talent and persistent desire to
learn and create made him a human inspiration who has influenced
other artists and scientists for decades and even centuries. His most
famous paintings are La Giaconda, also known as Mona Lisa (image 1),
The Vitruvian Man (image 2), The Last Supper (image 3), among others.
Leonardo died in France at the age of 67.

3. After learning about Leonardo da Vinci's life, write a list below of all his
jobs. Then, write a personality trait that you think he had for each of
his professions. Compare the answers with a partner and discuss what
impresses you the most about his life.
Vocabulary
1
draftsman. a person who writes
legal documents, and also 2
someone that draws plans 3
to build objects
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4
decade. ten years
5
supper. the meal eaten
in the evening 6

12
 Writing

Who do you look up to? How much do you really know about the person you admire and respect?

Someone I Look up to
1. Think of a person you look up to. It can be someone you know (family
member/friend/teacher), or someone famous (artist, scientist, etc.). Then,
make a list of the most relevant facts about the person’s professional
and personal life. If possible, do research to find new information. In the
space below, write ideas and notes about a person you look up to.

Person

Professional life

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Personal life

New ideas

Tip

When writing a short biography,

you must first make some notes
2. Now join your ideas from your notes into a paragraph and include some about the most important facts
illustrations that describe the person. or events in the person’s life in
chronological order. You can use
a time line to help you. Then,
decide the important facts and
events you will include and don’t
use the less relevant ones. Don’t
forget to use the past tense for
the past events!

Vocabulary
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look up to. respect and

admire someone

relevant. important

13
Assessment
Grammar/Vocabulary

1 Circle the correct words in blue to make correct John:

sentences.
a. If it were/are/is raining, I wouldn’t go to the
park. I’m happy it’s sunny today. Carlos:
b. Them/They/There is a great university in this
city. I’d love to study there one day.
c. What would/can/will you be if you had your Reading
dream job?
4 Read a magazine article about an important person’s
d. In the present time, there be/is/are different life and complete the chart with the missing
ways to plan and control the number of children information.
a couple wants to have and when to have them.
"Be the change you want to see in the world"
2 Complete the newspaper ads with the correct words In today’s edition, we will learn about the
from the box. You will not use them all. man who said the powerful words above.
Mohandas Gandhi, was also known as Mahatma
time designers journalist $30 Gandhi. Gandhi was an Indian leader of a pacific
movement against the British Raj (rule). He was
required pilots nurses money a politician, lawyer, writer and social activist. He

was considered the father of his country for his
incredible and persistent work to obtain political
Hiring for new airline and social progress for India. His method was
- Full-time hours to promote and use peaceful or non-violet
- Experience solutions. Have you heard of him?
- Immediate

Name
Public hospital needs:
- Part-time hours Nationality
- Diploma requested
- /hr plus benefits Professions

Graphic
- Full 40 hours
- Paid weekly Qualities
- Excellent salary
- Send your resume

Listening Writing

3 Listen to some people talk about their jobs. What 5 Write in your notebook three newspaper ads to
are their professions? Which have their dream job? hire different professionals.
Why? Complete the chart.
Speaking
Dream Job
Profession Why?
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Yes or No 6 Talk about an important and admirable person in

your life, and what you know about them. Mention
his/her qualities or personality characteristics. Say
Sarah: why you look up to him/her.

14
 Assessment What job would I love to have?
Grammar/Vocabulary
talents before they decide what they want to
1 Think of what the opposite word of the adjectives 3 study after high school. However, not everybody
in blue are. Write logical sentences with the new takes the test, so here are some tips to guide you
adjective. in career research:

a. My sister is so unfriendly that everybody loves
1. Don't only follow your passion. There are
to be her friend.
actually 4 P's: passion, personality, preferences,
and principles.
b. People say I’m stubborn because I listen and 2. Consider your skills, talents, and interests. Not
respect everybody’s opinion. I know I am not only titles or job positions.
right all the time. 3. Ask some questions to professionals who have
experience in their jobs. If possible, go visit
them at their work place.
c. Don’t be so talkative! Try to participate in class!
4. If you have a hobby you really enjoy, think
about how it could become a career.
d. My mom is more misunderstanding than my • Domenica: I would like to be a doctor.
dad. She makes me feel good when I’m sad or I enjoy biology and want to help people.
have a problem.
• Paula: I make clothing in my free time
and I love it. Last Christmas I made some
Listening beautiful scarves for my sisters.
2 Listen to a couple of friends playing charades and • Vicky: I’d love to see how firefighters
circle the right answer. work. I mean, how difficult it might be to
a. The first word was: an architect/an engineer/a help people in an emergency.
construction worker • Dany: I’d love to be a chef, but I’m a
b. The second word was: a waiter/a chef/ vegetarian so I wouldn’t like to be around
a restaurant manager and cook animals.
c. The third word was: a pilot/a flight attendant / Writing
a firefighter
d. Before the time is up, he answered correctly:
4 In your notebook, write a short auto-biography (of
your life). You can use expressions like: As a child/
one word/two words/three words
young boy or girl… Later, I…, However,…, At the
Reading age of…, I…

3 Read some tips to help graduate students choose the Speaking

best career for them. What tip do you recommend
for each student? Write the tip number next to the 5 If you could choose a dream job, what would it be?
statements for each person. Where would you work? What talents, skills and
personality traits would you need for that job? What
A career test is a set of questions that helps would you need to study? How would you prepare
students evaluate their personality, likes and for your dream career?

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics very well somewhat well improve without help
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I can talk about different jobs, careers, and professions.

I can use the second conditional to express unlikely situations in the present/future.
I can read and talk about interesting people and their creative lives.
I can read about jobs and write a job ad for a newspaper.

15
 Project 1
Learning About Different Jobs
In small groups, research four or five jobs, their work places, what needs to
be studied to have those jobs, and what talents and personality traits they
require.

You can follow these steps:

1. Make a list of the possible jobs. Then, choose the ones you like the most.

2. You can complete the information in a chart like this, or use your own
ideas for gathering information.

Studies Personality
Job Work Place Talent (s)
or Career Traits

Vocabulary

gather. the process of getting

and organizing new
information

summary. the main ideas,

a short version

3. If possible, ask people that have those jobs about their talents and
personality traits to do their jobs well.

4. When you have all the information, write a short summary and present
it to the class.

5. Challenge! Draw or find images of those jobs. Show them while

summarizing your group work to the class.

Good luck with your project!!!

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16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary Reading
1 Match the following adjectives with the correct 3 Read the following text and answer the questions
synonyms and antonyms as in the example and below.
complete the table below.
Obstetrician or Gynecologist?
Adjective Synonym Antonym
An obstetrician is a doctor that attends
women who will have a baby, and recently born
friendly timid open-minded
babies. A gynecologist specializes in women’s
reproductive health.
hard-working obstinate unfriendly

stubborn active outgoing

shy amicable lazy

Adjective Synonym Antonym

shy timid outgoing

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obstinate
Obstetricians have to study in medical school,
active as any other medical doctor. Then, they have
to complete an obstetrics and gynecology
amicable residency program for four years.


Grammar a. What’s the main difference and the main similarity
between a gynecologist and an obstetrician?
2 Using the adjectives in exercise 1, write some
professions that need that type of personality. Then,
say what would, could or might you do if you were
different. For example: I am really quiet. If I were
talkative, I could make a lot of new friends.

b. What is required to become an obstetrician?

c. What personality traits and talents does someone

who wants to be an obstetrician need? Discuss
with a partner.
Grammar Tip

Remember to use the past tense in the condition

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and would/could/might + verb in the result when

expressing an imaginary/unlikely situation in the
present.

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Language and Literature

What professions are related to traveling? How often would you like to travel?

Traveling for a Living

If you enjoy traveling, visiting new places, learning about different

cultures and people; then, you should study a career related to tourism.
An interesting option is becoming a travel agent or a tour guide. Travel
agents are in charge of the research, planning, and booking flights and
hotels for travelers, individually or in groups. Tour guides travel with
the tourists, showing them around the most interesting and important
places of a city or region. Another option is to be a hotel manager, who
deals with a hotel’s staff such as the receptionist, the bookkeepers, the
concierge, etc. When it is an international hotel chain, you may have the
opportunity to travel overseas to work for the same company.

Tip 1. Read the text above. Then, find the professions in purple and, write them
under the picture that matches.

When you express a possibility

or recommendation, you can say:
• You could/should go/see/visit/
try…
• I (highly) recommend/suggest…

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• You’d better go/see/visit/try…
• Why don’t you go/see/visit/
try…
2. Role-play with a classmate. Imagine you are a travel agent and your
classmate is a tourist who wants to visit and learn about some of the
cultures and traditions of the different regions of Ecuador. What places
would you recommend for him/her to visit? What activities could he/she
do in those places? Look at the communication tip and write a dialog
about a trip somewhere.
Vocabulary
• A:
booking. making reservations • B:
for hotels, flights, restaurants,
etc. • A:

showing somebody around. • B:

guiding someone during their • A:
first visit to a place
• B:
bookkeeper. a person that
works managing the money 3. Now switch roles and have a dialogue about a different place. Don’t
of a business, accountant forget to use the expressions from the communication tip.
concierge. the person who
meets people when they A:
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arrive at a hotel B:
chain. a group of hotels or A:
business that are controlled
by the same large company B:

18
 Oral Communication

What do you do for a living?

Interviewing Some Professionals

NOTICE Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
We are NOT responsible for any
personal belongings left behind.
Thank you

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1. Listen to three interviews with different professionals. Then, write their
professions and where they work.

• Profession 1:
Value: Honesty
Where they work : and responsibility

No matter what you do

• Profession 2: for a living, an honest and
responsible professional will
Where they work :
always be respected, recognized
and rewarded with new and
better job opportunities. There
• Profession 3: are no characteristics that could
Where they work : be more important in a person.

2. Listen to the interviews again and write what values you think each of
them have. Support your answers and compare them with a partner’s.

• Professional 1 value(s):

• Professional 2 value(s):
Vocabulary

no matter. not important

• Professional 3 value(s):
care for. to protect and
provide to someone

3. Challenge! With your partner, think of a few more jobs and write what punctual. on time
values those professionals need to have.
fancy. expensive and elegant
• Profession 1: belongings. the things that
Values: someone has and owns

take (something) for granted.

• Profession 2: assume that it is correct
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and true
Values:
value. personal beliefs that
• Profession 3: are important, for example
honesty and responsibility
Values:
19
Reading

Do you know some irregular plural nouns? How many can you think of?

One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish

1. Look at the cover of a famous childrens’ book below. What’s its name?
Who’s the writer?

epik One fish, Two fish, Red fish, Blue fish,

Fre
Black fish, Blue fish, Old fish, New fish.
This one has a little cars.
This one has a little star.
Say! What a lot of fish there are.

My hat is old, my teeth are gold.

I have a bird I like to hold.
My shoes is off, my foot is cold.
My shoe is off, my foot is cold.
I have a bird I like to hold.
My hat is old, my teeth are gold.

k
ra. Freepi
And now my story is all told.

A. Cabre
Grammar Tip Source: [Link]
two-fish-red-fish-blue-fish-annotated
When you use words in the
plural form, remember there
are irregular nouns like:
• Nouns that never change
2. Read a couple of excerpts from Dr. Seuss’s book and pay attention to
from their singular form.
the words (nouns) in blue. Are they in singular or in plural form? Discuss
i.e. fish-fish, sheep-sheep, with a partner.
deer-deer, series-series.
• Nouns that change from 3. Place the words in blue from the excerpts in the correct place. Then,
their singular form: man- complete the chart with the corresponding singular or plural form
men, woman-women, mouse- missing. Add your own examples to complete the chart.
mice, die- dice, child-children,
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, wolf-
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
wolves, knife-knives.

• •

• •
Vocabulary
• •
cover. the outside of a book
with the title and author's • •
name
• •
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excerpt. a particular piece of

the book, text • •
hold. have something in your • •
hand, like a pencil or a spoon

20
 Writing

What questions should you ask a professional to learn about their career?

Preparing to Interview a Professional

1. You are about to graduate from school and you are not sure what to
study and what career to prepare for. You should write some questions
for professionals who have experience in their jobs. Also, if possible, go
visit them at their work place. Choose a job you want to learn about, and
write some questions to be ready for the interview.
Prepare an interview role-play with a partner. Each student must have
questions prepared to ask the professionals. Include the profession in the
first question so your partner knows how to answer. See the example
below.

a. Yes/No questions (or closed questions) For example: Did you always
want to be a chef?

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• Question 1.

• Question 2.

Grammar Tip
?
Remember there are:
• Yes/No questions (or closed
• Question 3.
questions) like: Do you like
your job?, Is it your dream job?,
Are your colleagues open-
?
minded, friendly, etc.?, Have
you worked overseas?
b. Wh-questions (information questions) For example: What is difficult • Wh-questions (information
about being an engineer? questions) like: Where do you
work?, What is the best about
• Question 4. being a teacher, sales assistant,
secretary, etc.?, How did you
choose the career?, etc.
?

• Question 5.

• Question 6.

?
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2. Using the questions you made in exercise 1, role-play the interview with Vocabulary
a classmate. Ask the questions you prepared, and write their answers
about to. do something
under each question. Then, switch the roles.
very soon

21
Language Through the Arts

Have you read any funny jokes in magazines? Can remember funny things that happened in your life?

Comedy Writing

The art of creative writing, combined with a good sense of humor, can
result in a funny story, anecdote or joke. Many magazines, newspapers
and books print these to share with their readers. That is the case of the
famous Readers’ Digest magazine, which besides its interesting articles
and interviews, also has some sections dedicated to laughing as the best
medicine.

1. Read the following jokes from the Readers’ Digest magazine and answer
which of the jokes was the funniest for you. Why? Discuss with a partner.
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Our doctor’s office called to let my husband know that the results
1 from his blood tests came back and he was just fine. That didn’t
suit my husband.
“What’s my cholesterol level?” he asked.
“Mr. Crocker, you are just fine,” insisted the nurse.
“Still, I’d like you to mail me the results.”
A few days later, he received a postcard from the doctor’s office.
It read, “Mr. Crocker, you are just fine!”

The attorney tells the accused, “I have some good news and some
2 bad news.”
“What’s the bad news?” asks the accused.
“The bad news is, your blood is all over the crime scene, and
the DNA tests prove you did it.”
“What’s the good news?”
“Your cholesterol is 130.”

Vocabulary
My memory is getting so bad, I asked the pharmacist, “Do you
anecdote. a short, often funny, 3 have any Acetylsalicylic acid?”
story about something that
happened in the past “You mean aspirin?” asked the pharmacist.
laughing. smiling and making “That’s it! I can never remember that word.”
sounds when reacting to
something funny

suit. be convenient for 2. Read the jokes again and write the numbers 1, 2, 3 to match them with
someone the corresponding titles.

attorney. a lawyer a. The Other Word for Aspirin

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DNA. genetic information

b. You Are Just Fine
thorough. careful with
attention to detail c. This Lawyer Is Thorough

22
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

How can we be a good citizen? Think of examples of things that good citizens do.

Participatory Citizenship

Pixabay / StockSnap - Orna Wachman

1. Listen to a couple of friends talk about participatory citizenship.
Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. According to the audio, what are examples of how citizens can participate
in a civil society? Write the examples on the lines below.

•
•
•
Value: Democratic and
participatory citizenship

• When we participate in a civil

society, our community and/or
• the country’s political events;
• we must do it in a respectful
and non-violent way in
accordance with citizen's rights
and democratic principles.
3. Listen to the conversation again. From the list of statements below, circle
a third way to participate actively in society. Then, in small groups, discuss
why the other two answers are not appropriate ways to participate
in society.
a. Disobeying the law.
b. Running for office. (To compete as a candidate for elections.)
c. Watching only movies and soap operas on TV.
Vocabulary
4. Pair activity. In your notebook, write a role-play about two people
citizenship. to be a member
discussing how to participate in their community. Switch roles to practice
of a country
conversation skills.
in accordance with. following
Tip and respecting a law
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a while. a period of time

Collaborative language tip: When you agree with a person but not
totally, you can use the expressions: I agree with you to some point/extent. give someone light. to give
I see what you mean in general, however….. information and maybe
inspiration

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Do you know someone who has a difficult or dangerous job?

Dangerous Jobs

Did you know that…

Not all jobs are as easy as we think. There are some jobs that are very hard and
sometimes even risky. Take for example people that fish from boats. Many
people think it must be relaxing to work by the sea, lakes or rivers every day.
However, weather conditions, accidents, and other situations cause these
jobs to have one of the highest rates of fatality. Another risky job is being
a garbage or recyclables collector. They are exposed to dangerous objects
Pixabay / skeeze

and chemicals from the garbage they collect such as infected items and sharp
objects.

1. After reading the text above, write the name of the jobs mentioned in the
space provided and match the images with the corresponding dangers.

Vocabulary
Pixabay

risky. possibly dangerous

weather. temperature or
conditions outside, climate
Value: Democratic and participatory citizenship
fatality rate. number or deaths
due to something specific A responsible citizen collects and divides the garbage in different cans
recyclables. able to be for organics, paper, plastic, etc. Wrap-up sharp or dangerous objects
recycled before disposal so the garbage collector can avoid getting hurt.
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sharp. a pointed or very thin

edge that can cut things
2. In small groups, think of other jobs that can be risky, dangerous or difficult.
avoid. to stay away from Support your ideas with examples of why the jobs are challenging.

24
 Oral Communication

What is it like to be a teacher? Explain if you would like to be a teacher or not.

Teaching a Language

Freepik
Pixabay / Steve Riot
1. Listen to a woman describing what it is like to be a teacher.
Audio
2. Write the numbers 1 to 5 in front of each of the teacher’s tasks and Listen to the dialogue.
responsibilities according to the order you hear them in the recording.

• Finding and getting material ready

• Grade tests, exams and homework

• Teach classes

• Attend teachers and parents meetings

• Prepare lessons

3. Listen to the same teacher in a grammar class. What is the topic of the
class? Can you complete the chart with the correct plural forms? Then,
write an extra example for each case.

Regular nouns Ending in Ending in f or fe

x, s, ch, sh, z
+s + es Change f or fe for ves
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
book box wife
Vocabulary
Some ending with y Others ending with y Irregular forms challenging. something that
Change y for i + es +s that change is difficult to accomplish
city day child
demanding. requiring a lot
of effort
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Some ending with o Others ending with o Irregular forms that do

well-paid. earning a lot
+ es +s not change
of money
hero zoo fish
worth. good enough

25
Reading

Have you ever been to a job interview? How can you give a good impression of yourself to the interviewer?

Getting Ready for a Job Interview

1. In small groups, discuss suggestions for someone who has a job interview.

2. Read some tips recommended before and during a job interview. While
you read, write B if you think the tip is before the interview, or D if you
think it is during the interview.
If you want to give a good impression and have better chances to get the
job you are interested in, it is important to follow these tips:

a. Have a good night sleep the night before.

b. Do some research about the company you are applying to.

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c. Shake hands with the interviewer.

d. Wear appropriate clean and ironed clothes.

e. Eat a good breakfast.

f. Have your resume prepared and ready to present.

g. Keep eye contact with the interviewer when answering questions.

h. Only answer the questions you are asked.

3. Now, read the following statements and match them with the tips above.
Write the correct letter from the list above in the circles below.

• That shows your interest in their work.

• That will make you more focused and alert to answer their
questions.

• Depending on the job it can be formal or semi-formal.

• If possible make some copies.

• You do not want to be tired or yawning.

• Looking directly at someone’s

eyes is a sign of self-confidence.

• Good manners is essential.

Vocabulary

chance. opportunity • Do not talk too much.

eye contact. looking into

someone's eyes, especially
when talking
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yawn. take a deep breath with

your mouth opened

manners. ways of behaving

pik

in front of other people

Free

26
 Writing

What are your strengths, things you are good at?

At a Job Interview
1. What do you think are the most common questions asked at a job
interview? Discuss with a partner.
2. Imagine you work for the Human Resources department of a company.
Write 8 questions you can ask an applicant during a job interview.
You can choose any job. Check the examples given below.

3. You can-role play with your partner by asking the questions, and writing
their answers. Then, switch roles.
a. Yes/No questions (or closed questions) For example: Do you have
computer skills?
• Question 1. ?

• Question 2. ?

• Question 3. ?

• Question 4. ?

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b. Wh-questions (information questions) For example: What are your
greatest strengths and weaknesses?
• Question 5. ?

• Question 6. ? Vocabulary

Human Resources. a
department in companies
that find new employees
• Question 7. ?
applicant. a person who
applies for a job

strength. a skill, something

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you do well
• Question 8. ?
weakness. something you are
not good at, or want to get
better at

27
Language Through the Arts
Art

Have you heard of Kingman and Guayasamin? Why is their art remembered?

Two Artists to Remember

Did you know that…

Eduardo Kingman and Oswaldo
Guayasamin were two famous
Ecuadorian artists? Kingman
was from Quito and Guayasamin
was from Loja. Both have made

Wikimedia Commons / Edjoerv/Mural

impressive paintings, sculptures,
murals, and monuments that
have been presented in many art
galleries around the world. Their
work reflects the country’s social
reality and their own emotions
and life experiences.
Tip
1. In small groups. Look at the two paintings above and discuss the
When expressing our following questions. What do you see? What do you feel? What do you
feelings, we can say: I feel/ think the painters are trying to express with them?
It makes me feel happy/sad/
emotional/touched/great/ 2. Challenge! Try to make an original painting (free style). Then, show it
terrible/inspired/impressed… to your group and ask them what they see and feel. After your group
describes what they see and feel, tell them what you were trying to
express with it.

Vocabulary

impressive. something special

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that you admire and respect,

noteworthy

reflect. to show and express

certain ideas

28
 Oral Communication
Language and Literature

What are some of the attractions and customs in Ecuador for people to learn about and visit?

Community-Based Tourism

Turismo
Ministerio de
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1. Listen to a tour guide explaining to some tourists what community-based Audio

tourism is about. Listen to the dialogue.

Hello everybody! I’m Carla and I’m your tour guide today. We are
ready to visit some beautiful places in the Amazon region of Ecuador.
Before we arrive, it is important that you know that community-based
tourism is a totally different method of tourism. People from the
communities we will see today know about our visit. They have
actually learned how to welcome the tourists and treat them as guests,
and make a reasonable profit from it. They will share with us their
ancestral ways of living and their cultures, traditions and knowledge.
Some will prepare typical food or show us how they make handcrafts
with the natural materials they have in their community. With this
new method of tourism, everyone benefits.

2. According to the audio, what can people from the communities do to be

ready to receive tourists?

3. Write your own definition of community-based tourism. Compare your

definition with a partner's. Vocabulary

treat. interact

Value: Honesty and responsibility ancestral. from the past

A lot of people benefit from tourists who come to visit Ecuador and knowledge. knowing about
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buy our food, clothes, handcrafts, etc. every year. If we treat them with handcrafts. objects made
respect, ask for reasonable prices for our products and services, and give by hand using traditional
them honest information; they will enjoy their trip and recommend methods and natural
other people to come visit our beautiful country. materials

29
Assessment
Grammar/Vocabulary
and coordinate a meeting for January 15th. Make
1 Read the following sentences and correct the words sure you prepare and write the end of the month
in blue. Write the correct word next to or above the report and make some photocopies of it. In
words in blue. addition, please reply to the most important mails
a. My father is a fisher. Last week he brought and organize the files on my desk.
home a lot of fishes. One last thing, can you please book my return
b. A dentist checks our tooth. flight for Sunday morning? I’d like to have some
rest before I return to the office on Monday.
c. The chef uses sharp knifes to cut meat.
Thanks for all your support. I’ll see you in a week.
d. Actors and actress act in TV series and movies. Best regards!
2 Complete the ideas with the correct words from the Mr. Smith
choices below. General Manager
for a living booking anecdote obstetrician

• Schedule meetings. • Walk the dogs.
a. An is a personal • Buy some groceries. • Book return flight.
story that it’s usually funny. • Take messages. • Reply to mails.
b. A travel agent helps tourists • Write reports. • Clean the office.
their hotels and • Make lunch. • Organize files and
flights. • Make photocopies. documents.

c. Guayasamin made paintings and sculptures Writing

.
5 On the lines below, write four questions you can use
d. To be an to interview a famous artist from movies or music.
you need to go to medical school. Write two yes/no questions and two wh-questions.

Listening a.
3 Listen to someone telling a funny anecdote from her
job. Then, answer the questions:
b.
a. What is the job of the person talking?


c.
b. Where does she work?

d.
c. What did she feel when the supervisor told
her that Mister René Lumière was Madame
Lumière?
Speaking

6 Look at the paintings below. What do you see? What

Reading
do you feel? What do you think the artist was trying
4 Read an email from a company manager to her to express?
secretary. Then, in the list below the email, circle the
secretary’s responsibilities.
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Dear Suzanne,
Pixabay /& Hebi B
Pixabay / Prawny

I will return from my business trip in a week.

In the meantime, I need you to write all the
messages from my clients. Also call Mr. Johnson
30
 Assessment What job would I love to have?
Writing

1 Circle the correct word in blue to complete each c. What subjects does an environmental engineer
sentence. learn?
a. The doctor checked my feet/foots/food.
b. There are professional women/woman/womans d. What are some of the problems you can solve if
who are soccer players, politicians or pilots. you become an environmental engineer?
c. Ibarra and Otavalo are two city/cities/citys from
Imbabura province in Ecuador.
d. My parents are my hero/heroes/heros. They work
very hard to give us education, food and love.

Listening

2 Listen to a woman asking questions about tours

in Ecuador. Then, write T for true or F for false .
Correct the false statements.
a. A tourist is visiting Ecuador’s First
Touring Agency to ask some
If you consider yourself an environmentalist, there are some
information about tours in Ecuador. careers to choose from that could be perfect for you!
There is, for example, the conservation scientist and
forestry careers which teach you how to manage the
quality of parks, lakes and all natural protected areas.
b. The tourist will be in Ecuador for 15 days. You can also become an environmental engineer to
learn about biology, chemistry and soil science. These
professionals create solutions to different types of
environmental problems such as the correct recycling
c. The agency has tours to three methods, controlling air and water pollution, processing
waste, etc.
of the four regions in Ecuador. The list of careers has many more possible job opportunities,
and can be explained to you in person when you visit our
campus.

d. The agent will send some information

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to her email.

Reading Writing

3 Read a university ad about environmental careers 4 In your notebook, write a short dialogue between
and answer the questions below. you and a professional. Invent at least 4 questions
and 4 answers.
a. Who might be interested in this ad?
Speaking

b. If someone is interested in conserving the 5

Work in pairs. Imagine your friend has a
forest, what can he/she study? job interview tomorrow and needs some
recommendations. What can you suggest?

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can give recommendations to tourists visiting Ecuador.

I can write questions to interview a professional.
I can use the irregular plural form of many nouns.
I can discuss different careers and professions.

31
 Project 2
Talking to Professionals
Interview a few professionals with different jobs and ask them about their
studies, skills, talents and careers.

1 Make a list of the possible interviewees. At

least two per student. Make sure it’s people
you can have access to, and you can easily ask
questions.

2 Before the interview, write the questions down

and make sure you have some paper and a pen
to write their answers. Making a chart to take
some notes during the interview can be useful.

3 Present the questionnaire used during the

interview and the answers to your teacher.

Tip

Vocabulary Do not ask personal questions that are not related

to their jobs or careers, and do not insist if they
interviewee. the person
do not want to answer or do not know.
interviewed that answers
the questions

Good luck with your project!!!

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32
Freepik
 English Do you lead a healthy
Pedagogical Module 6 lifestyle?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Eighth Grade EGB

Imperatives 4
5 Human body systems

Bi
ol
og
Modals: could, might,
3

y
may, should, must 6 Integrative medicine

Sc
ie
nc
ish

e
2
gl

Verb tenses: review

Ph
7
En

Physical exercise

ys
ic
al
Lifestyles

Ed
uc
Adjectives
1

a
and adverbs

tio
n
Values

Healthy recreation Illness Personal

11 Mental health 10 and nutrition habits 9 prevention 8 care

Personal Care
Our body is a complex biological system
consisting of billions of cells, tissues and organs
that work together. In order to have a healthy and
functional body, we must take care of our health.
Diet and exercise are two important aspects of
personal care.
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Can you think of different ways to take care of our body so that we’ll be healthy?
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1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are you doing to be healthy? Are there any changes you would like to make?

Keep Healthy

Did you know that…

Blood is the fluid that supports all our body functions? It carries
oxygen and essential vitamins and minerals throughout our body.
Blood also collects the waste that our body does not need anymore.
We need to have our blood in good condition because it helps us
.
fight off infections.
A
a,
er
br
Ca

1. In small groups, make a list of the things we can do to take care of our
health. Write the ideas on the lines below. Use the images below to give
you some ideas.

Pixabay
Freepik
•
•
•
•
•

Vocabulary When giving an order, instructions, directions or recommendations,

blood. red fluid that is sent we can use imperative sentences. The structure is:
through our bodies by the • Verb in the base form + complement (if necessary).
heart i.e. Take a shower every day.
carry. to hold something • The negative imperative sentence uses don’t + base form + complement
and transport it (if necessary).
fight off. to resist illnesses i.e. Don’t drink too much coffee or soda!
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and remain healthy

infection. a disease in a part 2. In pairs. Imagine you are a doctor and your partner is your patient who
of your body caused by a is not healthy now. Use some imperative sentences to give him/her
bacteria instructions to improve his/her health. Then, switch the roles and practice
some more.
2
 Oral Communication

How can we protect our body from diseases? Do you do anything special to protect yourself?

Protecting Our Body

Pixabay/Zamora, F.- Socha, A.

1. Listen to a mother explaining to her child how our body’s immune
system works. Then, write the letter from the left in the circle next to the Audio
appropriate example on the right. Listen to the dialogue.

feeding a baby with

a. Immune system
mother’s milk

body cells in the

b. Body invaders
bloodstream

cells, organs and tissues

c. White blood cells
that attack invaders

viruses, bacteria, and

d. Breastfeeding
parasites

2. According to the conversation, what are the three ways our immune
system protects us from diseases?

a.

b.

c.

3. Write the letter of the sentence above next to the picture at the top of the
page that it describes.
Vocabulary

Value: Illness prevention bloodstream. the flow of

blood around the body
Breastfeeding is one of the most important ways to prevent some
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breastfeeding. feeding a baby

illnesses. The proteins and nutrients that a mother provides for her directly from the mother’s
baby through her milk protect against infections and reduce the risk breast
of some diseases.
disease. an illness in a person

3
Reading

How often do you get sick? What do you do to get better when you are sick?

World’s Common Illnesses

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Grammar Tip
1. Look at the images and guess what the reading will be about. With a
partner, discuss how much you know about each of the organs above.
• When expressing suggestions
we can use should and could. 2. Read the following article from a science magazine. Pay attention to the
i.e. You should/could eat less highlighted words.
fattening food.
• When expressing different Heart, Brain and Lungs
grades of possibility we can According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 3 out of the top 10
use can, may and might. diseases that cause the most deaths in the world are:
i.e. Fattening food can/may/
1. Heart diseases. The symptoms could be chest pain, abnormal
might be dangerous for your
heartbeat, and heart failure. They can be caused by high blood pressure
health.
and/or cholesterol, smoking, and being overweight.
• When expressing obligation
or strong necessity we can 2. Stroke. Strokes are caused when an artery is blocked or leaking. This
use must. i.e. People with lung stops the entrance of oxygen to our brain cells which must receive
and respiratory diseases must oxygen all the time. During a stoke people might feel confusion, and
reduce or quit smoking. have difficulty with walking and vision.
3. Lower respiratory infections. They occur in our airways and lungs,
and may be caused by viruses or bacteria. The most common are the
flu or influenza, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc. A person with one of
Vocabulary these diseases might not breathe normally, feel a pain in the chest, or
have a cough.
chest. the upper front of the
human body between the In all cases, people should follow good health habits and do physical
neck and waist activity to reduce risks.
heartbeat. the movement and
sound of the heart 3. In pairs. Think of other common illnesses people have, their symptoms
and possible causes. Then, write some recommendations for people with
failure. stop working, does not those health problems. You must use the modal verbs from the grammar
function tip.
cholesterol. a substance found a. Illness:
in the blood that contains fat
Symptoms:
overweight. weighing more
than is healthy Causes:
airways. connections between Recommendations:
the mouth, nose and lungs
b. Illness:
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lung. either of the two organs

in the chest with which we Symptoms:
breath
Causes:
flu. an illness like a bad cold
Recommendations:

4
 Writing
What does a doctor prescribe when you are sick? How do they know what to prescribe?

A Medical Prescription
1. Imagine you are a general medicine doctor and have three patients
with different illnesses. Read their medical histories with their current
symptoms, and write a medical prescription for each patient with
some instructions and recommendations. Use affirmative and negative
imperative sentences.

Lorena Sosa,
55 years old
Daily smoker
Chest pain
Fast heartbeat

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Tip

Use the following phrases

during your role-play
The doctor: What can I do for
you?/How can I help you?/How
Christopher Smith,
15 years old
are you?/What do you feel?/What
are the symptoms?/Take…/Do…/
Plays video games
Sleep…/Get some…/Don’t…
for long hours/No sports
Gets tired when walking The patient: I don’t feel well…/
I’m feeling…/I can’t…. very well…/
Sight problems
I have a pain/an ache in my/
the…/My… hurts/aches./
I (usually/often) …/I …all the time

Vocabulary

prescription. written
Isaac Blanc, authorization from a doctor to
29 years old buy a specific medicine
Coughing
Sneezing symptom. a signal that shows
that you don’t feel well or
Chest pain something is wrong

smoker. a person who smokes

cigarettes

sight. the ability to see

cough. force air out of the

throat and mouth with a loud
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sound

2. Act it out! Role-play with a partner. You are the doctor giving the sneeze. when air suddenly
instructions and recommendations for the patient (your partner) listed comes out of your mouth and
above. Then, switch roles. nose without your control

5
Language Through the Arts

Why do you think cooking is considered an art? What foods have you seen or eaten that you would say are artistic?

Culinary Art

Read about culinary art. The joy of cooking motivates

Then, with a partner, discuss some people become excellent
the questions below the text. cooks, professional chefs and even
Write the main points of your TV stars. They not only make
discussion on the lines at
beautiful and delicious meals,
the bottom of the page.
Be prepared to share them in
exotic and colorful dishes; they
small groups for class. also have the ability to teach their
cooking methods and tips to others.

Pixabay/Salah Jalal
Moreover, after cooking, they
show us the wonderful experience
of sharing their creations with
family and friends.

1. Do you like cooking? Do you know famous chefs, cooks or celebrities

related to the cooking industry? Where do they work? Why do you think
they are famous?

2. How are food and health related? Explain the importance of healthy
cooking and eating habits. You can get some ideas from the chart below.
Value: Healthy nutrition habits

Children and teenagers’ Right

Right
bodies are growing, so they
need nutritious food to have
strong and healthy bones and
[Link], you should Healthy Vitamins Regular Weight Health
Healthy
Food Vitamins Regular
Activity Weight
Monitoring Health
Monitoring
eat fruits, grains, vegetables, Food Activity Monitoring Monitoring
dairy products, and proteins
every day. They all contain the Wrong
Wrong
vitamins and minerals your
body needs.
Sweets Fast Food Alcohol Sedentary Life Smoking
Sweets Fast Food Alcohol Sedentary Life Smoking
Freepik

Vocabulary Question 1 notes:

joy. with a lot

of pleasure and satisfaction

nutritious. good for your body,

full of nutrients
Question 2 notes:
bones. the hard parts of the
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body that form the skeleton

muscle. a mass of tissue in

the body that can tighten and
relax to produce movement

6
 Oral Communication
Physical Education

How often do you get physical exercise? What activities do you do?

Physical Exercise
1. Listen to a couple of teenagers talking. Can you identify what the main
topic of their conversation is? Write the main topic on the line below. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

2. Listen to the conversation again. Change the words in italics so the

sentences have the correct information.
a. One of the teenagers is very happy.

b. One of the teenagers walked two kilometers this morning.

c. One of the teenagers ate lots of sweets at her grandma’s house last
night.

d. One of the teenagers is too shy to wake up early.

e. One of the teenagers sleeps until ten on Saturdays.

3. Listen again and complete the nouns chart below. In the boxes, write
what the adjectives are describing.

Adjectives Nouns

tired
teenager
exhausted

fattening

lazy

important Vocabulary
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exhausted. very tired

fattening. food that contains

sick fat (grease) and causes
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weight gain

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Vegetarian or vegan, what is the difference?

Veggies vs Meat

Freepik
Grammar Tip

Did you know that vegetarians do not eat meat but they eat products
• Don’t forget! Adjectives
that come from animals like milk, yogurt, cheese, honey, etc.? Contrary to
qualify or modify nouns and
vegetarians, vegans do not eat any product from animals. According to
adverbs qualify or modify
some studies done at Harvard University, there are more than 600 million
verbs.
vegetarians in the world, and they live eight years more than the general
• Some adverbs are formed by population. That is mainly because they eat healthy food, they keep fit and
the adjective + ly. i.e. process food quickly.
Her songs are beautiful./She
sings beautifully.
1. Transform the adjectives in parenthesis into adverbs to complete the
• Other adjectives are also used
qualities of a vegetarian.
as adverbs (no change). i.e.
Your family is very healthy./ a. They run more (quick) than the general population.
Your family eats healthy.
• Another irregular adverb is b. Vegetarians eat (proper) and (healthy)
good-well i.e. Her food is .
really good./She cooks very
well. c. They’re usually (physical) active.

d. Most vegetarians live (good) .

2. In small groups. Think of examples of food that vegetarians eat to replace

animal protein. Then, check the pyramid below and compare your answers.

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Vocabulary

veggie. vegetables
ay
ab

fit. being in good shape

Pix

8
 Oral Communication

Do you pay attention to your body? What does it tell you?

Listen to Your Body Left Brain: I need

facts! I need reason!
Value: Personal care
I need everything to
Right Brain: My intuition make sense! Put it into
knows what to do. I'm the my box of logic and We must learn to pay attention
creative one! I'm connected then I can explain it! to our body. It gives us some
to the universe! The left hints in order to tell us that
brain just doesn't understand. something is wrong, or if some
Skin: All of these
toxins are getting organ or part needs something.
Shoulders: If you give me any under my skin! For example, sometimes
more tension, I'm going to severe acne can be caused by
have to pull the back. Heart: I am sensitive excessive fattening food or lack
to any emotion, but of hygiene. Therefore, do not
Liver: Actually, I'm the boss especially to love eat lots of greasy food, take a
here. Listen to me. If we shower and wash your hands
want to get things moving Kidneys: we are afraid regularly.
we've got to get angry. Move of the liver. It is always
that blood. angry, as is the bladder.
Maybe we did something
wrong? We do our best!
Bladder: I need a bathroom.
Knee: Why do you
Ankle: I don't know what keep bashing me?
to do. Which way shoul I can't remember how
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I go? Oh, I'm feeling weak. to be healthy.

Help me!

1. Listen to the audio and guess which body part is speaking.

Audio
2. Listen to the conversation again and complete the chart. Listen to the dialogue.

Part of the body Complaint

Right brain side

Left brain side

Heart Vocabulary

hint. a piece of information

Skin to help understand

severe. extreme
Foot intuition. feeling or sensation
about knowing something

3. In small groups, choose a part of the body different from the activity fact. information that is true
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above. Discuss what the body part would say if it could talk. Would it and can be proved
complain or be thankful for what you do? Take turns so all group members
can share. Finally, share the best comments with the class. toxin. substance that is
produced by bacteria,
Example: Hello Suzy! I’m your head, right up here. Don’t overthink too much! You poisonous to the body
don’t want a headache, do you?
9
Language Through the Arts

Which sports do you consider to be artistic? Which are not?

Artistic Sports

Value: Healthy recreation 1 2 3

habits

Finding a physical activity such

as dancing or doing sports
will prevent you from getting

Freepik / Pixabay
many diseases, and it is also a
productive way to spend your
free time. Additionally, it can
open new opportunities such
as making new friends, and
becoming a professional in the If you are an art lover and would also like to be in a good shape, there
future. are certain sports that are the perfect balance between them both. There
is figure skating or ice skating, rhythmic gymnastics, and synchronized
swimming, among others. These sports are very demanding. Skaters
spend very long hours practicing so that they can perfect their techniques
and give excellent performances. In addition, there are important health
benefits. This sport requires lots of stamina, balance, and flexibility. All
are necessary to keep your body healthy and in good shape.

1. After reading the text, can you identify the three artistic sports in the
images above? Which do you like the most? Discuss with a partner and
answer on the lines below.

2
pik
e
Fre

3
Vocabulary

performance. to perform a
play, act, concert, etc. in front
of an audience
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stamina. the power and

strength to do something 2. Now, in small groups, think of other artistic sports. Then, compare them
difficult for an extended with other groups. Discuss the following questions. Is it a team or individual
period of time sport? Indoors or outdoors? How popular is it in person? On TV?

10
 Oral Communication

Have you heard of brain gym? What do you think it might involve?

Train Your Brain

1. Listen to a conference given in a school about brain gym. Then, write the
benefits of each brain gym exercise. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

2. Listen to the conversation again, and in pairs discuss the possible

situations when you can use the brain gym exercises mentioned. Take
some notes to have ideas before the discussion. When you finish, try to
do each brain gym exercise.
Tip
cross crawls
When you want to clarify
something you heard, you
can say: I heard…/What I
heard is…/What I understood/
got is…/The speaker said…/
I’m not sure he/she said…./
I’m sure/certain he/she said…/
I didn’t understand (much/at
all/everything/completely).
brain buttons

hook-ups

Vocabulary

brain gym. exercises to wake

the lazy eight up the brain and stimulate its
function
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crawls. brain gym position

Cabrera, A.

anxiety. a bad feeling of

nervousness about something
that is going to happen

11
Reading
Biology

What does biology study? Are you interested in studying biology?

Biology
1. Look at the image on the left. What do you see? Where is it? Discuss
with a partner.

2. Read the following ideas about biology. They are not in the correct order.
Number each idea to organize the text. Think about what could be the
introduction, details, and a concluding point. Once they are numbered,
read it again to see if it makes sense. Work with a partner.

Nobody knows precisely when humans started to study the

amazing natural world, but we all agree that their work and ideas
Freepik

have helped science since hundreds of years ago.

People who study biology are biologists.

Biology is the science of life and all living things such as animals,
plants, and microorganisms like bacteria, and viruses. It also studies
their environments and evolution.

These scientists study the structure of living things (anatomy), the

interaction with their environment (ecology), how their body parts
work together (physiology), large groups of animals (zoology) and
large groups of plants (botany), among others.

3. Work with a partner. After learning about biology, make a list of living
things to complete the chart below. Then, choose which area of biology
could study each group: anatomy, ecology, physiology, zoology, botany.

Name Name of science

cows

Animals

cactus
epik
Fre

Plants
Vocabulary

cactus. desert plant with

small spines
bacteria
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bacteria. very small organisms

that can cause infections Microorganisms
microorganisms. an extremely
small living organism

12
 Writing
Science

What do you think medicine and treatments will be like in the future?

Medicine of the Future

Freepik
Grammar Tip
1. Think of the medicine of the future. How different will doctors and nurses
be? What kind of hospitals and clinics will there be? When writing about future
events, we can never be totally
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Brainstorm some ideas about the
future of health, medicine, science, food, physical exercise, or anything related
certain about them. Therefore,
to a healthy life style. When you have your ideas ready, write a paragraph we can replace will or going to
below. Don't forget to include the modal verbs listed on the right. with modal verbs like:
• may and might (possibility)
i.e. In the future, doctors may/
Introduction. might use cells instead of pills.
• could and should
(suggestion) i.e. In the future,
scientists could/should find the
1 treatment for all types of cancer.
• must (obligation) i.e.
In the future, world health
organizations must be prepared
for serious viral diseases.
2

Vocabulary
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Conclusion pill. small dose of medicine

that can be swallowed

viral. something that is spread

quickly

13
Assessment
Vocabulary Treatment
1 Circle the correct words in blue to make logical
sentences.
a. Our body/life/health is a biological system
consisting of billions of cells, tissues and organs. Reading
b. Water/blood/cholesterol is the red fluid that 4 Read the text below about the importance of family
supports all our body functions. meals. Then, read the statements to decide whether
c. A prescription/treatment/symptom is a signal they are True(T) or False(F). Use the line provided
to correct the statement if they are false.
that shows that you don’t feel well.
d. Muscles/organs/bones are hard parts of a Family Meals
human or animal that form the skeleton. Having regular meals is a positive ritual for all
members of a family. Having breakfast, lunch or
Grammar dinner at home is not only the time to eat, but also
to share about daily activities and feelings with the
2 Name each column with the words nouns, adverbs
people we love. In fact, studies show that teens
and adjectives. Then select one word from each
still want their parents’ advice and care, so meal
category and make complete sentences, as in the
time is their chance to reconnect. Healthy family
example: A sick patient needs to eat well.
members are most likely to eat vegetables, fruits,
and grains. They usually have less snacks or fast
food, and are commonly non-smokers, and don't
exhausted patient healthy use drugs or alcohol.

fattening activity well
a. Breakfast, lunch and dinner are examples
lazy food quickly of daily meals.
early teenager properly
sick student physically b. During a family meal we can only eat.

•
• c. Studies prove that teenagers want
their parents’ advice and care.
•

Listening
d. People who have meals at home regularly
3 Listen to a patient talk about their health problem. like fast food, drugs and alcohol.
Then, complete the chart.

Patient’s Writing
name
Symptom 5 In your notebook, write a short dialogue between
two parts of the human body. If they could talk, what
would they say? Write three statements for each
body part.
Prevention
Speaking
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Possible 6 Your friend is asking you for some advice about

illness or exercising and keeping fit. Recommend some
disease activities and their benefits to our health.

14
 Assessment Do you lead a healthy lifestyle?
Grammar/Vocabulary
My friends Sarah, Joe, and Kale from school
1 Choose the correct adjective or adverb from the 3 also caught it. Too bad this virus keeps going
choices to make logical sentences. around to many people. Now I understand the
importance of keeping distance and washing our
slowly healthy beautifully normal hands frequently.

My mom is giving me lots of fluids and she tries
a. My mom is so that she
to make me sleep for long hours. I’m a little bored
never needs to take any medicine.
but if I follow my mom’s and Doctor Burk’s
b. A heartbeat rate recommendations, I’m sure I’ll be fine soon so
cannot surpass 60 to 100 beats per minute. I can visit you. I miss you.
c. My cousin is a professional skater and she Lots of love,
dances on ice. Louis

d. If you are stressed, take things

and enjoy life. a. Who is the boy writing the letter to?

Listening
2 Listen to a nutritionist talking about vegetarian food.
Then, circle the correct facts in each sentence below. b. What are his symptoms?

a. Thousands/hundreds/millions of people have

decided to be vegetarian.
c. What is his illness?
b. Vegetarians replace milk/meat/food with other
meatless products.
c. A meatless diet reduces cholesterol and toxic
food contaminants/nutrients/proteins. d. What is the treatment?

d. Eggs, dried fruits, whole grains, green

vegetables, and some cereals are examples of
food that contain/reduce/replace the nutrients Writing
the body needs. 4 Imagine you are a doctor speaking with a patient.
In your notebook, write a short dialogue in your
Reading
notebook where the patient describes symptoms and
3 Read a letter a boy wrote below. Then, answer the the doctor asks questions and explains treatments
questions below. for the symptoms.

Dear grandma, Speaking

I hope you’re doing fine. Today, I’m not feeling 5 If you could choose between orthodox and alternative
well. I have a cough, a sore throat, and painful
medicine, what would you choose? Why? What are
muscles. Doctor Burk said I caught the flu, which
the benefits of your chosen medicine? Have you ever
is short for influenza, a kind of virus.
used it?

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can talk about lifestyle matters (health, diet, medicine, prevention, etc.)
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I can use modal verbs to express probability, suggestions, and

obligation.
I can give orders, directions, and suggestions with imperatives.
I can write, read and understand a medical prescription.

15
 Project 1
Learning About Natural Medicine

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Research some home remedies or alternative medicine used to treat minor

health problems. You can ask your parents, grandparents, other family
members, and friends.
You can follow these steps:

1 Make a list of the possible health problems(column 1 in the chart

below).

2 Then, ask your parents, older siblings, grandparents, or any friend or

family member if they know any home remedy or alternative medicine
for the health problem on your list (chart column 1).

3 Complete the information you obtained in the chart to gather as much

information as possible. Look at the example.

Mom Dad Grandma Friend

warm
1. flu chicken soup
Pixabay

lemonade

2.

3.

Vocabulary 4.
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home remedies. an effective

way to cure a health problem
with natural products 4 Report the ideas to the class using photos, posters and possibly real
items such as herbs, oils, etc.

16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary

1
Match the following words with the correct
description by writing a letter in the correct circle.

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a. the movement and
blood
sound of the heart
a way to cure a
b. infection health problem with
natural products

Pixabay

a signal that shows
c. heartbeat that you don’t feel Reading
well
3 Read the following text and answer the questions
a disease in a part of below.
d. symptom your body caused by
a bacteria
Orthodox and Alternative Medicine
red liquid that is Orthodox medicine is based on the scientific
home
e. sent through our
remedies process, which means it’s valid after observation
bodies by the heart and research. People who practice this type of
Grammar
medicine are healthcare professionals like medical
doctors, nurses, and therapists. They treat
2 Using the images below, write some imperative patients’ symptoms and illnesses by prescribing
sentences with suggestions to a friend who is having drugs, surgery, therapies, and so on. On the other
some health problems. Check the unit pages for hand, alternative medicine is not recognized by
examples. the medical community. However, it can be used
as complement to orthodox medicine. It includes
homemade preparations such as natural herbal
Grammar Tip
teas and syrups, massage therapies, acupuncture,
Remember to use the contraction of do + not homeopathy; and spiritual healing techniques
(don’t) when saying negative imperative sentences! such as yoga, reiki, meditation, etc.
i.e. Don’t sleep late!

4 Circle the letter of the statement below which is the
main idea of the text above.
a. The benefits of orthodox medicine.
b. The benefits of alternative medicine.
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c. The differences between orthodox and

alternative medicine.
d. The importance of alternative medicine.
Writing
Pixabay

5 In your notebook, write complete sentences using

your own words to answer the questions below.
a. What’s the main difference between orthodox
and alternative medicine?
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b. Give some examples of how professional

medical doctors treat their patients.
c. Give some examples of alternative medicine.
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 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Science

Do you take care of your mind, body and soul?

Integrative Medicine

Tip Did you know that integrative medicine is a type of preventable

medicine that promotes healthy nutrition, physical activity,
When you express your
and the ability to manage emotions?
viewpoint, you can use the
following expressions: Everybody has the right to decide what kind of medicine
I assume/consider…, To me…, to use. Some people prefer to go directly to an orthodox
It’s my view…, To my way of doctor, have surgery if necessary, and take prescribed
thinking, It’s my belief that…, drugs when feeling sick. Others prefer trying to find
To my mind,…, As far as I can a solution with alternative medicine, beginning with
tell…, In my opinion…, If you ask home remedies and then getting help from different
me…, The way I see it…, It seems therapies and orthodox techniques as needed. Freepik
to me…, As far as I can see…, As
far as I’m concerned…, I assume
that…, I feel that… 1. In small groups, discuss this topic and answer the questions.
a. What type of medicine is most common where you live?

b. What type of activities integrate your body, mind, and soul?

2. In order to close up your discussion, make a list of pros and cons for each
type of medicine.

Traditional Medicine Alternative Medicine

Pros Pros

Vocabulary

soul. for some people, part

of a person that exists after
death.

integrative. a combination Cons Cons

of various types

viewpoint. a point of view,

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perspective

assume. to accept that

something is true without
evidence or proof

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 Oral Communication

Are you left brained or right brained? What are the differences between the two?

The Human Brain

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1. Listen to a biology teacher explaining the human brain to her students.

2. Listen to the teacher again. Write the following parts of the brain in the Audio
corresponding space, according to their functions: Listen to the dialogue.

the cerebellum the brain itself the brain stem

a. Controls our heart rates, breathing, and digestion

b. In charge of maintaining balance and directs whole body movement

c. Receives and returns signals, has two hemispheres

3. Work with a partner or in small groups. Use the graphic organizer below
to brainstorm and write examples of activities that each side of the brain
(left-right) is responsible for, as in the examples.

Left brain Right brain

Math Music

Vocabulary
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memories. what you

remember about things from
the past

hemisphere. half of the brain

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Reading
Physical Education

How can we have a healthy body and mind? What can you do every day to be complete?

Keep Calm and Exercise

Value: Healthy recreation 1. Three students need to decide what P.E. club to join. To help them make
habits up their minds, read some information about each club posted on the
school billboard.
Every elementary and high
school has a subject called 1
Physical Education. This
Join a Team Sports Club
g team sports helps
subject teaches the importance Did you know that playin
and leadership skills?
you develop self-esteem Yoga & Martial Arts Club
of physical exercise to keep a and learn teamwork
You can also make friends The combination of yog
healthy body and mind. P.E. ent . a and
and time managem martial arts will teach you
helps you develop your motor r class club. We offer: physical,
Come and enjoy our afte emotional and intellectu
al skills.
skills, and improves your hand- - basketball In addition, you will develo
p your
eye coordination and body - volleyball character and self-con
fidence
movement. So, do you play - soccer while having a great tim
e with
sports and games, do aerobics, - baseball your partners and teache
rs.
gymnastics or get running? - tennis
- table tennis Schedule: Mon.-Fri. 2 to
5 pm
If you do, your body will thank All ages
you by staying fit and healthy. Schedule:
• Student Age: 7-12
Mon./Wed. 3-5 pm
• Student Age: 13-17
Tues./Thurs. 3-5 pm

Let’s Do Aerobics an
d Gymnastics! 2
and want
If you are creative
to perform
to learn the ability
en ts to music,
complex movem
y, strengthen
practice flexibilit
d improve
your muscles, an
w elcome
your bone health…
to our club!
Schedule:
, all ages
Mon.-Fri. 2 to 5 pm
3

2. Now, read the description of each student and decide what club you think
is the best for them. Write the number of the club in the circle provided.
Highlight the clue words that support your answers.
Vocabulary
• James, 11 years old, shy and calm, took karate lessons in the past,
motor skills. the precise
loves reading.
movement of muscles
• Matilda, 13 years old, friendly, energetic, flexible, loves music.
self-esteem. satisfaction with
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the kind of person you are

• Clair, 16 years old, class leader, not very organized with time,
self-confidence. feeling loves sports.
confident about yourself and
your abilities 3. It’s your turn now. What club would you choose? Why? Discuss it with
a partner.
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 Writing

Can we influence our future? What are you doing in your life that could help your future?

A Long Lifetime

We have lots of experiences during our lifetimes. Some people call them
achievements when they are positive or happy, and mistakes when they are
negative or sad. However, learning from past events teaches us to be more
careful, to focus, and to enjoy the present and avoid repeating the same
errors in the future

You are going to write a paragraph that includes some thoughts about your
past (childhood), your present life, and a few plans or expectations for the
future. Brainstorm events in your notebook, and decide what you want to
include. Write your paragraph on the lines below.

Grammar Tip

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There are different present, past, and future tenses to help you
describe events in your life.

Past Present Future

A mistake is
I will join a only a mistake
I was very suborn I drink a lot of
Simple
as a child. water every day.
soccer club next if you don’t
week.
learn from it.
The sun was I am learning to I will be
Continuous shining in the play a musical graduating by
morning. instrument. 2025.

Past.

Present.

Future.
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Vocabulary

mistake. an incorrect answer

or action

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 Language Through the Arts

How can we reduce waste? What are you doing in your household and community?

Recycled Art

Did you know that breathing fresh air and having a clean
environment is essential to have a healthy lifestyle?
Let’s be part of the solution and follow the three
R’s (Reduce-Recycle-Reuse). Not buying
unnecessary things will reduce the amount
of waste. Recycling paper, plastic, glass,
etc. is a way to transform waste into new
materials. And by reusing it, we not only

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help the environment but also economize
and create something nice.

1. So, how can we reuse the waste we generate? In small groups, brainstorm
and write down 10 examples of waste, and give an idea for a possible
new use for it. Look at the example. You can use examples that people
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are already doing, and more people could do. We can make a pencil holder
with a plastic gallon bottle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

2. Look at some art pieces created with waste recycled materials to get
inspired and make your own. In the box under each picture, write the
material used and what it is. Discuss your ideas in small groups.
Cabrera, A.

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Pixabay
Freepik

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 Oral Communication

What do you do in your free time?

Leisure Time

1. Listen to this couple of friends. Discuss with a partner what they are Audio
talking about. Listen to the dialogue.

2. Listen again and complete some of the ideas in the conversation using
the correct form of the verbs in the box. When you finish, write the letter
M for Mary’s ideas and D for Danny’s ideas next to each statement.

be wait feel go be

love go feel make be

Past

• I to a great place last month.

• I a medical appointment yesterday.
• You very supportive.

Present

• I not in a good shape.

• I pretty weak.

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• I am some vitamins and I energetic.
Value: Healthy recreation
habits
Future
Enjoying activities that include
• Let’s hiking this weekend. physical exercise with your
family and friends is essential
• You’re going to it.
to be healthy and happy. Is there
• I’ll to see what the doctor recommends. something you’ve been wanting
to try?

3. Listen to the conversation again, and write three of your own sentences
using the past, present and future tenses.

2
Vocabulary
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leisure. free time

3
woods. a large area with
trees, a small forest

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 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Biology

What does the nervous system do? What are some other systems in the human body?

The Systems of the Human Body

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Circulatory Nervous Respiratory Digestive Skeletal
System System System System System

Did you know that the brain is the center of your nervous system?
It receives and sends messages from the body thanks to the spinal cord that
works like a highway. The vehicles carrying messages about pain, pressure
and temperature are the sensory nerves, while the motor nerves carry signals
to your muscles and organs. In that way the body knows what to do.

Grammar Tip 1. Look at the image of the body below and label the parts of the nervous
system based on the text above.
We have different verbs we can
use to express our five senses:

I use I can… Sense

my…
hear,
ears hearing
listen to
tongue,
taste taste
mouth
smell,
nose smell
sniff
hands,
touch,
fingers, touch and
feel
skin
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see,
eyes look, sight
watch

2. Our brain receives messages through our five senses. In small groups,
brainstorm and discuss possible messages the brain can receive depending
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on the sense. Look at the examples and use the grammar tip verbs.

• I see and smell some food and my brain tells me to go eat.

• When I hear a baby crying, my brain asks me to cover my ears.

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 Oral Communication

What makes you feel happy? How often do you get angry or frustrated?

Expressing Your Feelings

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1. Listen to a student talking to her teacher. Then circle the emotions that
Audio
you hear in the group of emojis above.
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Listen again, then, write or draw the positive feelings on the left, and
the negative feelings on the right. Check the examples. Add as many
new examples of feelings as you can think of. Finally, in small groups,
compare your lists.

Positive feelings Negative feelings

Happy : ) Sad : ( Value: Mental health

Not many people like to share

their problems and the way they
feel, so they keep their feelings
inside. However, even when it’s
hard to express them, there’s
always someone you can trust.
They can listen and help you
when you need support. If we
don’t share our emotions, our
body reacts in negative ways.
For example, it can affect our
memory and blood pressure.
Also, over time, the risk of
diabetes, heart diseases, anxiety,
aggression, and depression
increases.
3. In small groups, discuss why the kid is not feeling well today and
what advice the teacher gives him/her. On the lines below, answer the
following questions. What do do you think about the teacher’s advice?
Would you recommend something different?
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Vocabulary

trust. belief in something or

someone

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Reading

How can we prevent illnesses and injuries? What steps do you take to stay safe and healthy?

Illness and Injury Prevention

1. Read the two brochures and decide which one is about injury prevention
and which is about disease prevention. Write the type of prevention in the
box below the brochure.

COVT ID -19
YOURSELF
PROTEC
& YOUR FAMILY

Prevention

the flu.
with people with
1. Avoid contact en you cough or
yo ur mo uth wh
2. Cover
sneeze. red
d tissues in a cove
3. Throw away use
trash can .
d water
nds with soap an
4. Wash your ha alc oh ol sanitizer.
o, use
fre quently. Als or mouth.
your eyes, nose
5. Avoid touching kin g ha nd s.
an d sha
6. Avoid crowds
tance.
7. Keep social dis

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2. After reading the two brochures, discuss in small groups the importance
of illness and injury prevention. Consider what injuries and illnesses
can be prevented, and also the possible consequences of not practicing
prevention.

3. Find the prevention tips recommended in the brochures related to the

following statements. On the line below the statement, write a possible
consequence and a step for prevention.

• Organizing a concert.

Vocabulary • Visiting your sick friend.

tissue. a small and soft piece

of paper

sanitizer. a substance to • Keep a secret with a friend who has concussion symptoms.
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remove bacteria

concussion. brain injury

caused by a sudden impact • Pick your eyes and nose.
to the head

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 Writing
Do you think preventing most injuries and illnesses is simple or complicated?

What Are the Odds?

Imagine you are an expert in illness and injury prevention, and you need to
write a magazine article about it. Use the images and the grammar tip below
to write your sentences. Read the example about the dangers of the sun.
Write similar recommendations for the other images. You can discuss ideas
in small groups.

When you are exposed to the sun for a long

period of time, you can get seriously burned
and may get skin cancer. For this reason, you
must wear a shirt and a cap. You could put some
sunscreen lotion, and you should drink lots of
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water.

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Pixabay

Grammar Tip

The modal verbs in blue are used to express:

Obligation Possibility Suggestion

We must not ride a You can prevent an People should sleep at
Vocabulary
bike in a busy highway. injury. least 8 hours a day.
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You could talk to your what are the odds? likelihood

We have to wash our You may/might get something will happen
mother about your
hands frequently. an infection.
feelings. exposed. not covered or not
protected

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Language Through the Arts

How can we transform feelings into art? Haw artistic are you?

Thinking + Feeling = Art

Did you know that many famous artists struggled and had great
difficulties before they created incredible works of art? We can pay
attention to our sad, happy and angry thoughts and use them to help
us create art. That will help us feel better and move on with our life.
Moreover, your artistic creation may be interesting, attractive, unique,
and certainly original.

1. Write the letter of the descriptions at the bottom of the page below the
image it describes.
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Tip

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When expressing our
feelings, we can say: I feel/
It makes me feel great/happy/
sad/emotional/touched/great/
terrible/inspired/impressed/
2. Below are three ideas to help you be creative and express your emotions.
angry/furious/scared/ Is there something (emotion, situation, experience) or someone (family,
terrified/worried. friend, stranger) that might inspire you? Explain your thought process
with a classmate.

A Think of a color. Then, what emotion(s) do you feel when visualizing

that color? Take a color pencil, marker, crayon, chalk, or any kind of
drawing/painting object; and let those emotion guide you to create
something.

B If you prefer to write instead of drawing or painting, start your own

dairy or anecdote book. There, you can express what you are feeling
with details. They can be real or imaginary stories and charcaters.
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Write about what they experience in their lives.

Vocabulary
C Use clay, play dough or any molding material to make an object that
you like, or something that you are feeling or thinking but cannot
moreover. additionally
express with words.

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 Oral Communication

Can we change our habits? What are some things you would like to do more, or less of?

Starting a Healthy Habit

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1. Listen to a nutritionist visiting a school. What is the main topic of his
speech? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. Complete the chart with examples of bad habits and possible healthy
changes the nutritionist recommended to the students.

Bad Habits Healthy Habits

Grammar Tip

Remember that imperative

sentences are used to
give orders, commands,
directions, instructions, and
recommendations.
Affirmative: Stop drinking too
much coffee! Start a daily exercise
3. Now, imagine you have the opportunity to talk to the school authorities
routine!
and explain the importance of nutrition in education. What suggestions
would you make about the food available at your school? Write ideas on
Negative: Don’t spend too much
the lines below and practice a dialogue with a partner.
time watching TV! Don’t stay up
late at night!
A.
B.
A.
B.

Vocabulary
Value: Personal care
soda. a sweet, carbonated
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Changing or starting new healthy habits will give you the chance to live beverage
a longer and healthier life. You will inspire others to do it too, and it will hero. someone admired and
make you feel good about yourself. respected for his/her efforts
and accomplishments

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Assessment
Grammar/Vocabulary Reading
1 Using the images and the words from the box, write 3 Read the following text and decide if it is a medical
4 complete sentences. Read the example given. prescription, a club brochure or a person’s story.
Then, answer the questions below.

Do you like to move to the rhythm of the music?

If the answer is yes, come and join the
School Choreography Club. In the club,
you can make new friends while learning
different music styles including pop,
tropical, urban, and freestyle dance.
You can also learn classic dances such as
ballet, tango and folklore..
Schedule:
• Mon. and Fri. 3 to 5 pm
Ages: 10-14
• Tues. and Thurs. 4 to 6pm
stomach pain

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Ages: 15-18
broken injury
brain heart a. What can you do in the club in addition to
leg flu learning to dance?
sneeze disease

cough concussion
fever head

Example: A concussion is a brain injury. b. Write examples of two music styles and two
dances that you can learn about in the club.
a.



b.
c. Can a 12-year-old student join the club on
Tuesdays and Thursdays? Why/Why not?

c.


Writing
d.
4 In your notebook, write a short paragraph explaining
the importance of the three R’s (Recycle, Reuse,
Listening Reuse) as part of a healthy lifestyle. Give supporting
ideas with examples and details.
2 Listen to a patient talking to a doctor. Complete the
statements below with information from the audio.
Speaking
a. doctor. I've had
stomach pain all afternoon. 5 Your friend, who’s very quiet and doesn’t like to talk
much, is feeling very sad and he asks you for some
b. this morning. advice. Explain to your friend that he can express
his/her feelings through art. Give him/her some
c. time for
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examples of what he/she can do.

breakfast.

30
 Assessment Do you lead a healthy lifestyle?
Grammar/Vocabulary Reading
1 Circle the correct word in italics to complete each 5 Read an article from a health magazine and complete
sentence. the chart with healthy foods mentioned in the text,
a. My father told me he is/was/were a good athlete or write your own examples.
as a child.
b. An apple a day keeps/kept/keeping the doctor away. My Healthy Lunch Box
c. My sister will go/going/goes to a dance It’s very important to have a healthy snack
competition next month. between meals. A healthy snack provides energy
d. We are learn/learning/learnt to play chess in the and reduces overeating at meal time. So, what
afternoon. are the best foods to put in your lunch box?
Some suggestions include fresh fruit, crunchy
2 Complete the sentences with modal verbs that express:
vegetables, and products rich in protein like
a. Obligation: We wear a meat, hardboiled eggs or nuts. Other nutritious
helmet to prevent accidents when riding a bike. options are found in dairy products such as
b. Possibility: Sometimes, playing team sports cheese, milk or yogurt. In addition, there should
be dangerous. be whole grains and cereals like bread, crackers
or corn. Beans like chochos are also great for
c. Suggestion: To avoid catching another person’s
lunch!
flu, we keep social distance.
d. Possibility: We get an
Fresh fruit
infection if we don’t wash fruit before eating it.
Crunchy vegetables
Listening Protein
3 Listen to a science teacher explaining students how Dairy food
the digestive system works. Then circle the correct Whole grains & cereals
answer. Beans
• What is the main job of the digestive system?
a. Distribute energy to the body. Speaking
b. Fight off cells. c. Break down food. 6 Use the image below to convince a friend to start a
• What is the last stage of the digestive system? healthier lifestyle. Use as many supporting ideas as
a. Large intestine c. Stomach possible.
b. Small intestine
Pixabay

• After swallowing, what pushes the food to the

back of the throat?
a. The esophagus c. The small intestine
b. The tongue
Writing
4 In your notebook, write an invitation for people to
join an after-school club. You can decide the type of
activity, schedule, ages, and most importantly, the
benefits of participating in that club.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics
well well improve without help
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I can give orders, suggestions, and directions using imperative sentences.

I can write about experiences using past, present and future tenses.
I can use modal verbs to express obligations, possibilities, and suggestions.
I can discuss the topics of health and injury prevention.

31
 Project 2
Healthy Lifestyle

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During this module you learned a lot about a healthy lifestyle. Now, you
have to make a weekly plan to organize your daily activities according to
ik
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that healthy and happy lifestyle. You need to include physical and mental
exercise, healthy eating, and fun leisure activities.

You can follow these steps:

1 Make a list of activities you do every day from Monday to Friday in the
morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening. i.e. take a shower, have
breakfasts, etc.

2 Make a list of activities you do on weekends. i.e. play sports/games,

visit family, etc.

3 Make sure you include eating time, leisure time, physical and mental
exercise in both lists.

4 Cross out the Don’ts of your life (what you don’t need any more) i.e.
Don’t fight with friends/family! Don’t spend much time watching TV!

5 Complete the daily chart with the Dos of your life (what you need to
continue or start doing) i.e. Go see my grandma/friend, drink water,
read a book, etc.

6 Show your new weekly plan to your teacher and try to do as much as
you planned.
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Challenge! Try to make a plan for a complete month.

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