Aship consists of various types of fluids moving inside different machinery and systems for the purpose of cooling, heating, lubrication, and as fuels. These liquids are circulated by different types of pumps, which can be independently driven by ship power supply or attached to the machinery itself. All the systems on board ship require proper operational and compatible pump and pumping system so that ship can run on its voyage smoothly. The selection of a type of pump for a system depends on the characteristics of the fluid to be pumped or circulated. Characteristics such as viscosity, density, surface tension and compressibility, along with characteristics of the system such as require rate of fluid, head to which the fluid is to be pumped, temperature encountered in the system, and pressure tackled by the fluid in the system, are taken into account. Types of Pumps The pumps used on board are broadly classified into two types: ‘Scanned by TapScanner= mariSght : Types of Pumps The pumps used on board are broadly classified into two types: Positive Displacement Pump Positive displacement pumps are self priming pumps and are normally used as priming devices. ¢ They consist of one or more chamber, depending upon the construction, and the chambers are alternatively filled and emptied. © The positive displacement pumps are normally used where the discharge rate is small to medium. © They are popularly used where the viscosity of the fluid is high. © They are generally used to produce high pressure in the pumping system. Dynamic Pressure or Roto-Dynamic Pump. SES ‘Scanned by TapScanner6:07 a) LTE @ Reciprocating Pump ¢ Screw pump ¢ Gear pump © Piston pump Ram type pump e Vane pump Dynamic pressure pumps: © Centrifugal pumps ¢ Axial flow pumps © Submersible pump © Centrifugal-axial (mixed) pump. [Link] ‘Scanned by TapScannera There are many types of pumps, each with its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Basically, pumps can be broadly categorised into 3 types : 1. Non-positive-displacement pumps e.g. centrifugal pumps 2. Positive displacement pumps e.g. reciprocating pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, etc. Special devices like eductors which can also be included in this category. Centrifugal Pumps This type of pump does not have a self-priming capability. Consequently, it operates best only when there is a positive head on the suction side. However, this pump has the distinct capability of having a large throughput. The pump increases the liquid’s velocity by means of a rotating impeller. The pump is normally started with the discharge valve closed. However, keeping the discharge valve closed for a long period tends to heat up the liquid and the pump since the liquid is only churning within While taking ronnds in the AA @[Link] @ < a a OQ ‘Scanned by TapScannerEEE eee However, this pump has the distinct capability of having a large throughput. The pump increases the liquid’s velocity by means of a rotating impeller. The pump is normally started with the discharge valve closed. However, keeping the discharge valve closed for a long period tends to heat up the liquid and the pump since the liquid is only churning within. While taking rounds in the pump room it is important to feel the casing to detect any signs of overheating. A sharp eye should also be kept for any signs of leakage through joints and glands. IMPELLER Vac-strip pump A centrifugal pump, by itself, is not suitable for emptying a cargo tank since it is not a positive @[Link] ‘Scanned by TapScannerVac-strip pump Acentrifugal pump, by itself, is not suitable for emptying a cargo tank since it is not a positive displacement pump. It will then start cavitating when some liquid is still left in the tank and eventually lose suction. For this reason, one often finds a vac-strip system on the ship. This consists of a separator tank in-line with the suction end of the main cargo pump. The vac-strip pump creates a vacuum in the main cargo pump as well as the separator tank which feeds the pump, thus creating an artificial positive cargo head. OfeTa a AE co utc ee bitou a ert item on Tankers The vac-strip pump consists of a rotating impeller which creates a suction and draws out air/gas. A water sealing and cooling system are also provided for the pump. Reciprocating Pump [Stine ‘Scanned by TapScannerReciprocating Pump These pumps are driven by electric motors or by steam. The prime mover imparts a reciprocating motion to the plunger which moves within the pump cylinder. The pump plunger is sealed against the internal circumference of the liner with the help of ‘o’ rings, bucket rings or piston rings. As the plunger retracts, increase in volume within the cylinder, causes pressure to drop and thus the fluid is pushed into the cylinder via the suction valve (the delivery valve remains closed during this stroke). As the plunger extends it forces the fluid out through the delivery valve (suction valve remains closed during this stroke). These pumps are positive displacement and deliver their rated flow irrespective of load pressure. Thus it is essential to have a relief valve ne tha Adlivnes aida nf tha namin An naneenclatnn ‘Scanned by TapScanner—Ilese pumps are positive uispracement ana deliver their rated flow irrespective of load pressure. Thus it is essential to have a relief valve on the delivery side of the pump. An accumulator (air vessel) is also fitted on the delivery side to dampen the pulsations, which are inherent in this type of pump Screw pump This pump consists of one or more screws (termed screws because of their surface profile). It consists of a central drive screw connected to the prime mover. The other screw(s) known as idlers are meshed with the central drive screw. As the screws rotate, the liquid is pushed to the discharge side. The pump is self-priming and it does not set up vibrations or pulsations. These pumps are generally used to handle lubricating and other clean oils. ‘Scanned by TapScannerThis is a positive displacement pump, which is very similar to a screw pump. It consists of 2 gears, which mesh together within the body. As the gears rotate the liquid is trapped between the casing and the gear teeth. The liquid is forced out to the discharge side. Eductors/Ejector An eductor is used for stripping tanks. It has no moving parts and therefore easy to maintain. It operates on Bernoulli’s principle. The driving propellant (fluid from main cargo pump), is forced through the nozzle, thereby creating a vacuum on ‘Scanned by TapScannerEductors/Ejector An eductor is used for stripping tanks. It has no moving parts and therefore easy to maintain. It operates on Bernoulli’s principle. The driving propellant (fluid from main cargo pump), is forced through the nozzle, thereby creating a vacuum on the suction side. The driving propellant is discharged along with the stripped fluid. *In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s principle states that for an inviscid flow of a non-conducting fluid, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy. Rel Motive Discharge Suction d: ‘Scanned by TapScanner