Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VIII
DIVISION OF SAMAR
DISTRICT OF WRIGHT I
WRIGHT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
PARANAS, SAMAR
LEARNER ACTIVITY SHEET/WORKSHEETS in PRACTICAL RESEARCH I
MODULE 8: SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Lesson 1: Content of Scope and Delimitation
Title
I. Introduction
In thesis writing, there is a specific part of it that reveals, recognizes, shares and
expresses the method used, coverage, parameter, instruments, persons involved and even the
protocols to follow. This is called, “scope and delimitation”. As defined, it explains the extent or
parameter of research. Likewise, it explores on the coverage, and processes involved in the
research (M. K. & Simon and Goes 2013). Practically, it declares the choices that the researcher
carried out during the research process.
On this discussion, you will be familiarized with the elements included in the scope and
delimitation.
II. MELC with code
Indicate scope and delimitation of research
III. Strategy
A. Explore
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if otherwise.
1. In writing scope and delimitation, you need to write everything including the background
of the study.
2. Scope and delimitation includes a brief discussion on research method used.
3. There is a rigid format of writing scope and delimitation.
4. Scope and delimitation provides readers the whole process of the research.
5. Research design is not declared on your scope and delimitation.
6. Data analysis is declared on your scope and delimitation.
7. Research local has to be disclosed in scope and delimitation.
8. The population of the study is included on scope and delimitation.
9. The researcher can be considered as an instrument in data gathering.
10. Scope provides parameter, coverage and the processes involve in research.
B. Learn
Scope and delimitation is an informative part of your research. It is informative
because it is to where you declare the things you have to carry out and follow through the
course of research. I am sure, you are wondering why there is a need for us to declare all
of these to our readers. Likewise, you are puzzled what are the elements of your research
that are needed to be included? Well, let us deal with them one by one.
Let us first dissect “scope and delimitation”.
Scope + Delimitation
When we talk about the scope of research, it commonly refers to the depth your
research area or parameters. This includes restriction of the target population, research
local, specified duration, design, procedure, and instrument used.
1. Population –According to Majid (2018), this stands for the entire pool from which the
sample is drawn.
Consider these examples:
a. Schools operating in Bataan (Private and Public)
b. Senior High School Students of a School
c. Grade 10 Students in a School Division
d. Tricycle Drivers operating in a Barangay
e. All Working Students in a grade level
2. Research Locale – It refers to the particular location where the study is conducted.
Consider these examples:
Lamao National High School Schools Division of Bataan
Dinalupihan Region III – Central Luzon
Pampanga Balanga City
Limay Senior High School University of the Assumption
Barangay St. Francis II Bataan Peninsula State University
3. Specific Duration. This stands for the exclusive time frame when the research is
conducted.
Consider these examples:
May 20 to 22 2020
School Year 2020 to 2021
From 2015 to 2020
From January 2020 to May 20202
4. Research Method – This refers to the systematic plan for conducting research which
includes strategies, process, techniques, and procedures for collecting and analyzing data
(MacDonald and Headlam 2008). Here are the four (4) most commonly used qualitative
designs that you can use.
a. Ethnography – If your research is about a description or investigation about
customs of individual and culture, this design can be used (Elis and Bochner
1996).
b. Phenomenology – If your research is about the commonality of lived experience
within a group of individuals or description of a particular phenomenon, this
research design can be used (Singh 2018).
c. Case Study – If your research is about an investigation of a phenomenon within
the context of real-life situation, you can use this design (Kothari 2004).
d. Grounded Theory – If your research aims toward a development of a theory in an
inductive manner, you can use this design (VanderStoep and Johnston 2009).
5. Protocols Followed. This refers to the standard procedure, system, or rules that you
follow in gathering data. It can be the permission in the conduct of the study,
communication letter to the respondents, or agreement on the conduct of interview.
6. Data Gathering Procedure. This refers to the step-by-step procedures that you employ
before and during the data gathering.
7. Instrument. These are measurement devices that you use in your research. It can be in
a form of test, survey, questionnaire, and the like. However, in qualitative research, you as
the researcher is the instrument, and your interview guide serve as a tool in gathering the
data (Bahrami, Soleimani, Yaghoobzadeh, & Ranjbar, 2016).
8. Data Analysis. These are the systematical processes you employ to describe or interpret
your data. It can be thematic network analysis, dendogramming, structural analysis, text
analysis, and Collaizi procedure.
On the other hand, when we talk about delimitation, it refers to choices made by
researcher that serves as boundary (Simon 2011). This includes research objectives,
questions, variables, theoretical objectives you adopted, target samples, and justifications
that limits the scope of the study. Commonly, research objectives, and description of
variables are mentioned while research questions are just reflected on the set objectives.
Variable are also explained and declared, as well as to the theoretical objectives of the
study. On the other hand, sampling method, target sample size, and justifications in
choosing the above mentioned scope are provided to clearly set the parameter of the
study.
In some researches, instead of scope and delimitation, they use scope and
limitation. The term limitation is about the external and internal influences that
researcher has no control of. They can be shortcomings, conditions or influences that
cannot be avoided due to the limitation of the study. Thus, these limitations is a
declaration of the possible influences to the result of the study.
C. Engage
Direction: Read each sentence carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if otherwise.
1. Data analysis is a systematic process of interpreting data.
2. Protocols are the standard procedure or rules that researchers follow in data
gathering.
3. Grounded theory is an investigation of a phenomenon within the context of real-
life situation.
4. Ethnology is the investigation or description of individual customs and culture.
5. Phenomenology refers to the exclusive time frame when the research is
conducted.
D. Apply
Direction: Read carefully the scope and delimitation below. Write “A” if the underlined
word is population, “B” for research locale, “C” for specific duration, “D” for research
method, “E” for protocols followed, “F” for data gathering procedure, “G” for instrument,
“H” for research objective, and “I” for data analysis.
1
2
In this qualitative research, the researcher will serve as the main
instrument of the study (Pezalla, Pettigrew and Miller-Day, 2012). Another
tool will be the interview guide. This unstructured interview guide is a 3
researcher-made instrument based from the objectives of the study. It is
composed of five (5) questions. Objectively, interview questions are
formulated to gather necessary information about the participants’ live
experience as well as their coping mechanism.
4
In gathering data, individualized or focus group discussion are employed
depending on the preference of the participants. Because of the
impossibility of personalized interview, this will be carried through social
media platforms either through Zoom app or Facebook Video Conferencing.
According to Eysenbach (2019), these platforms provide opportunities in
5
conducting qualitative research. In analyzing the data, thematic network
analysis will be employed. It is explained as a web-like illustrations that
summarizes themes (Stirling, 2001). Particularly, this study seeks to identify
the salient themes through coding. This to facilitated structuring and
depiction of the themes into an emerging main theme.
Lesson 2: Writing Scope and Delimitation
Title
I. Introduction
After knowing the elements and content of scope and delimitation as part of
research, you are now ready to write your own scope and delimitation. Worry not because
writing this require you to enlist the things you will be doing and using throughout your
study. Even though there is no standardized way of writing, this lesson will share the
typical way of composing your scope and delimitation. Thus, this topic will allow you to be
equipped with necessary skill for you to finish this part of your research.
You need to remember that scope and delimitation is the blueprint of your
research. It needs to be synchronized with the research gap you have established in the
introduction and has to be paralleled with the research objectives and questions you have
formulated. Later in your methodology, it has to be harmonized with the processes you
will be declaring. In writing this, you just need to be precise and logical. Meaning to say,
you need to justify the information you will include on your scope and delimitation.
II. MELC with code
Indicate scope and delimitation of research
III. Strategy
A. Explore
Direction: Write “A” if the underlined word is population, “B” for research locale, “C” for
specific duration, “D” for research method, “E” for protocols followed, “F” for data
gathering procedure, “G” for instrument, “H” for research objective, “I” for sampling
method, and “J” for data analysis.
15 Grade 11 Thematic Focus Facebook Paranas
Students Network Video
Group
Analysis Conferencing
Discussion
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
B. Learn
Writing scope and delimitation does not require your extraordinary skills in writing.
You just need to have a clear picture on how you are going to do your research. Most
probably, if you happened to read other researches, you would notice they have different
ways of formulating it. Some begin with the methods of research and end with the
instrument, others start with research locale and end with the declaration of the protocols
followed. However, one thing is common among them, their content is the same.
Therefore, this implies that there is no prescribed way of making it. As long as the
necessary elements are declared and briefly discussed, that is already a good scope and
delimitation. It is because this part of research intends to inform the readers about the
parameter of your research.
Commonly, scope and delimitation is written in three (3) paragraphs. The first
paragraph contains methods, research design, research locale, time duration, population,
sampling and class size. The second paragraph includes the instrument used, validation
and protocols followed in the conduct of the study. The last paragraph is the declaration
of data gathering and analysis. It is important that you need to provide proper
justifications of the elements you will be using. It is done through the wisdom of the
experts – citation.
Before writing the first paragraph, it is advised that you must perform
brainstorming of what you are going to write. Brainstorming is just simply writing down
what comes to your mind. But this time, let us perform brainstorming by answering some
question. For example, you are conducting a research about the lived experience about
verbal bullying of the Persons with Disabilities (PWD) Grade 11 students in a province,
how are you going to make the scope and delimitation? Now, let us begin with the first
paragraph. Remember that the first paragraph contains methods, research design,
research locale, time duration, population, sampling and class size.
Consider the 1st figure.
The
2nd
figure answers the 1st figure.
These are the answers that you need to know before writing your scope and
delimitation. The information would give you a clear picture of what you are going to
write.
If you are going to write the information gathered, the first paragraph of the scope and
delimitation will be like this …
In this qualitative research, the researcher serves as the main instrument of the
study (Pezalla, Pettigrew and Miller-Day, 2012). Another tool is the interview guide.
This unstructured interview guide is a researcher-made instrument based from the
objectives of the study. It is composed of five (5) questions. Objectively, interview
questions are formulated to gather necessary information about the participants’
live experience as well as their coping mechanism. It is validated by group of
experts using validation matrix to identify its appropriateness of the questions and
suitability to the research participants. Prescribed standard and necessary
protocols are religiously complied to ethically follow the norms of conducting
research.
On the last paragraph, you need to remember that it contains the declaration of
data gathering and analysis.
Consider the 5th figure.
The
6th figure answers the 5th figure.
Now
let us write the information on the 6th figure.
In gathering data, individualized and focus group discussion is employed
depending on the preference of the participants. Because of the impossibility of
personalized interview, this will be carried through social media platforms either
through Zoom app or Facebook Video Conferencing. According to Eysenbach
(2019), these platforms provided opportunities in conducting qualitative research.
Let us put together what we have created. However, I’ll be using future tense for you to
have pattern for your thesis proposal.
Lived Experience PWD Grade 11 Students about Verbal Bullying in a Province.
This qualitative research aims to explores on the lived-experiences of the
PWD grade 11 students about bullying. According to Mcleod (2019) this kind of
research deals with the description and interpretation of a phenomena based from
how these became meaningful to a person or group of people. This research will
consider all senior high schools students of a province during the school year
2020-2021. They will be selected using snow ball method.
In this qualitative research, the researcher will serve as the main
instrument of the study (Pezalla, Pettigrew and Miller-Day, 2012). Another tool will
be the interview guide. This unstructured interview guide is a researcher-made
instrument based from the objectives of the study. It is composed of five (5)
questions. Objectively, interview questions are formulated to gather necessary
information about the participants’ live experience as well as their coping
mechanism. It is validated by group of experts using validation matrix to identify
its appropriateness of the questions and suitability to the research participants. In
gathering data, individualized or focus group discussion are employed depending
on the preference of the participants. Because of the impossibility of personalized
interview, this will be carried through social media platforms either through Zoom
app or Facebook Video Conferencing.
C. Engage
Direction: In two (2) to three (3) sentences, write the first paragraph of the scope and
delimitation using the information below.
qualitative research criterion sampling
ethnography 5 students
Kinaragan, Duale, Limay Aeta students
Scope and Delimitation
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
D. Apply
Direction: Write a three (3) paragraph scope and delimitation having 4 sentences each
using the information inside the boxes. Write your composition on your notebook.
1st Paragraph
qualitative research case study
Paranas S.Y. 2020-2021
working students study habits
COVID 19 pandemic criterion sampling
2nd Paragraph
interview guide researcher-made instrument
5 questions consent and assent
3rd Paragraph
focus group discussion Facebook Video Conferencing
thematic network analysis unanimity of the participants
Scope and Delimitation
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
IV. References
Cristobal, Amadeo P., and Cristobal, Maura D. Practical Research 1 for Senior High School.
Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc., 2017.
Ibrahim, Muhammad. “Types of Qualitative Research.” Last modified March 2016.
Accessed June 22, 2020.
[Link]
Sacred Heart University Library. “Organizing Academic Research Papers: The Research
Problem/Question.” Accessed June 23, 2020. [Link]
g=29803&p=185918
Sacred Heart University Library. “Organizing Academic Research Papers: Choosing a
Title.” Accessed June 23, 2020. [Link]
g=29803&p=185911#:~:text=Definition,purpose%20of%20your%20research%20paper.
Tabernero, Karl Angelo R. “Emojiology: A Study of Functions of Emojis in the Virtual
Community.” MA thesis, Bataan Peninsula State University, 2020.
