Introduction to Organic Halides
Organic Halides Introduction
Preparation
Introduction Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Halogens ( F ,
G
,
Br
,
I)
Problem Solving
containing organic
compounds .
F ( special )
~
I -
× Cl
p
-
µ
Br
I
sp3
2
Sp
I. Alkyl Halides II. Aryl halides
* Mono -
Halides * Di -
Halides * Tri -
Halides
Alkyl Halides
I. :
✗ % >
C1
Mono -
Halides : C -
X
T \→Br
sp3 É
R -
✗
✗ HALO ALKANES
③ Halides
-
3° R3C -
X
go zo 3° ( IUPAC)
RICH -
✗
✗
zo ( 2° Halides)
RCHz-
1°
✗
( 1° Halides)
1° 10
1° Halides :
Cltzcl ; CHZCHZCI ; CHzCHzCaHzC1
Rcttz -
X 210
Cltzy 2°
steel ??
• "
*
Butyl chlorides
1°
:
C4HqC1 £0
3
@ Halide)
c-C -
c -
c -
Cl C - c -
c -
CI
a
£ a
Cltz 1° 20
* cltz
-
d -
< Hzcl ; c- c- C- c- Cl
ditz
a 1 a
neo
pentyl
-
C
isopenhl
2° Halides :
911-3
RZCH -
X cHz-%H a
-
Br (isopropyl bromide)
Cltz -
CHZ -4h -
Br
/
*
( chiral
( see -
Butyl ) ↳ Hz → Centre )
z°
3° Halides : CH}
Rzc -
X CH> ¥ -
I test .
butyl iodide
I 30
Gt3 Cltz
✗ I
•
Mezc -
I
Cttzctlz c I Test pentyl @ etzzc I
-
:
-
• -
>
1 3°
iodide
CHZ . I
IMP NOTE :
* cydoalkyl halides : ( 2° )
✗ ✗
cyclo hexyl
✗
Cl Cl Cl
zo zo
°
2.
Chloride
cydopwpyl cyclo pentyl
*
cyclo alkyl halides : ( 39
3° CH
}
3%11-3
✗
£
Cl Cl
IMP .
NOTE : Ally / ( ic) & Benzyl ( ie)
1° 20
Br Br
Cltz
[Link]
• Cltz = CH - -
•
-
1° allylic [ Ally / bromide
] cH3
R [ 2° allylic]
13°
• CHz= CH -
✗
C -
Br [ 3° allylic]
I
R
10
Benzyl ( ic) : cHz-C1 Benzyl chloride
( 1° benzylic)
is p .
• CH -
CI
•
c- CIT
)Ñ7
20
( 3°
13°
2° Benzylic
benzylic)
( R
ph #
PhzfH Phyfe CI
-
•
-
CI •
Ph Ph
ARYL HALIDES :
• . ✗ : F Cl Br I
, , ,
×
( Phenyl halides
'
hybrid
-
sp
-
Halo benzene obs :
lp over ✗ is in
4N) e' §
conjugation with T1 of
benzene
ring
tb
✗
Resonance
-
SFC
E-
art
Note : Hzc=cµ
vinyl halide
- -
i'
- -
← -
8- .
Resonance
• Disubstituted aryl halides :
✗ ( F, Cl Br )
I
LG
, ,
↳ Hit
M ,
-
(reverse
I
,
-
It
+ M, + I ,
+ H
( Deactivating hyperconjugation
( activating groups) groups)
[Link] , ;CFz
-9 -
Ct
•
↳ Hq :
↳ Hq I
104 \NHz ↳ Hq -9
(+1-9) (-11-9) KHz
" Ct
C- I,
-11T)
•
↳ Hgf I gotta
-
NO , \co0H "
(-1-9)
; GHAT
(-1^9) CHO
C- M)
Note : G → * ?
↳ Hit !! Dihalide ( aryl )
⑨ P.M)
( -
I > )
+ M
- Cl Br I
↳ 1+4 ↳ H¢ C6H4
-
-
c,
3 ' 5
Br Br
etc . - . -
Di -
Halides : -
Gem vicinal
[Link]/sALkylidenels
•
- di halides .
Alkytenecs )
(d) halide Eli halide
• Terminal
• Non -
Terminal /internal
Germinal ( Genn) Halides :
Atkylidene Halides
Terminal Type :
Cltzclz I [Link] Clz
1, I
methylidene chloride
Ethylidene
n -
propylidene
Craethylene) Chloride chloride
Note : "
yCHzCl i F£cñ \ Benzylidene
(Benzyl
, ,
chloride, chloride
↳
-
(Benzol chloride)
e-
it
ii. ,
, Psénzaldehyde
£
Benzol = CHI
Non - Terminal ( Internat) :
C. I
Cltz d cltz
CH3
¥-1
=
-
-
di ,
91 Cltz
c- c- c- c
( lsopropylidene chloride)
di
1sec butylidene
-
chloride)
Note : CqHg Bra draw all
→
possible
isomers !! !
( gem Internal)
Vicinal Halides :
Alkylene Halides :
I
'
? I
'
c -
c ✗ -
atoms on
/
£
'
atoms
adjacent
carbon
×
CHZCHZ chloride
°
di El
:
Ethylene
• CH } CH -412 :
Propylene chloride
di El
{
c- c- c- a
di di
& c- c- c-a
di E,
}
Tri -
Halides :
mainly in
gem
-
type :
Rcxz ⇐ =/ F)
CHCIZ : chloroform
CHBVZ :
Bromoform
CHIZ :
Iodoform
Note : Draw all possible structures with
M F
- :
Czltsclz (open chain only)
Note : Phcltzcl →
Phctlclz →
Phcctz
Benzo -
Trichloride
g ,
c- CI
di
Per - Halo alkanes :
when all H -
atoms in alkanes are
replaced by halogens . Cn ✗
an -12
Cclq etc
; Czclg ; Czclg -
.
.
GHG →
CGCIG ( Per -
halo benzene)
• Freons : Cfzcfz ; Cfzclz
F F
.
Teflon : 1- § -
Ein
F ¥
.
Polythene :
{ its
that -
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼
𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷
𝓘𝓷
2𝓓
Next class : Monday : 24
a- 6PM
ℙ𝕒𝕘𝕖 ℕ𝕠 .
Time
:{
g. zo -7.30 }
𝕷𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙 - 𝕽𝖊𝖋𝖑𝖊𝖈𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓 & 𝕽𝖊𝖋𝖗𝖆𝖈𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓