Created by T.
Madas
IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
BASIC
DIFFERENTIATION
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1
dy
For each of the following implicit relationships, find an expression for , in terms of
dx
x and y .
a) x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 = 12
b) y 3 + xy − x 2 = 0
c) 2 x3 + 5 xy 2 − 2 y 4 = 10
d) x 2 y + 4 xy 2 = 2 y
dy x+ y dy 2 x − y dy 6 x 2 + 5 y 2 dy 2 y ( x + 2 y )
=− , = 2 , = 3 , =
dx x + 3 y dx 3 y + x dx 8 y − 10 xy dx 2 − x 2 − 8 xy
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 2
dy
For each of the following implicit relationships, find an expression for , in terms of
dx
x and y .
a) y 3 − x 2 y 2 = x 2 + 3x + 1
b) 8 y 2 + x 2 y 3 = 10 − x5
c) ( 3x − y )( 2 x + 3 y ) = 8
( )
d) y x3 + y 3 = ( x + 1)( x + 4 )
dy 2 xy 2 + 2 x + 3 dy 2 xy 3 + 5 x 4 dy 12 x + 7 y dy 2 x + 5 − 3 yx 2
= , = − , = , =
dx 3 y 2 − 2 yx 2 dx 16 y + 3 x 2 y 2 dx 6 y − 7 x dx 4 y 3 + x3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3
dy
For each of the following implicit relationships, find an expression for , in terms of
dx
x and y .
a) y 3 + 3 y = x3
2 2
b) 9 ( y + 2 ) = 5 + 4 ( x − 2 )
c) e2 x + e 2 y = xy
d) y 2 ( x + 2 ) = x 2
dy x2 dy 4 ( x − 2 ) dy y − 2e2 x dy 2 x − y 2
= 2 , = , = , =
dx y + 1 dx 9 ( y + 2 ) dx 2e 2 y − x dx 2 xy + 4 y
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4
dy
For each of the following implicit relationships, find an expression for , in terms of
dx
x and y .
a) x 2 + y 2 = y
b) x 2 + 2 x 2 y − y 4 = 4
c) y e x = x e y
x2
d) = 3 y2
x + 2y
dy 2x dy x + 2 xy dy e y − y e x dy 2x − 3 y2
= , = 3 2 , = x , =
dx 1 − 2 y dx 2 y − x dx e − x e y dx 6 y ( x + 3 y )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5
dy
For each of the following implicit relationships, find an expression for , in terms of
dx
x and y .
a)
( x + 2 y )2 + y = x
4x − y
b) xy − x + y 2 = 0
dy 2 x − 3 y dy 2 x − 2 y 2 − y
= , =
dx 2 y + 3 x dx x + 4 xy − 4 y 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
TANGENTS
AND
NORMALS
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1
A curve C has equation
x3 − 2 xy + y 2 − 13 = 0 .
Find an equation for the normal to C at the point P ( −2,3) .
5 x − 3 y + 19 = 0
Question 2
A curve is given implicitly by the equation
3 y 2 + 6 xy + 4 x 2 − 2 y = 5 .
Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P ( −2,1) .
4 y + 5x + 6 = 0
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3
A curve has implicit equation
4 y 2 − 2 xy − x 2 + 11 = 0 .
Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point P ( −3, −1) .
4y + x + 7 = 0
Question 4
A curve is given implicitly by the equation
3 y 2 − 2 x 2 − 3x + 2 y + 5 = 0 .
Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P (1,0 ) .
2 y = 7x − 7
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5
A curve has implicit equation
x3 + y 3 + 3 y 2 + 3 y − 6 x = 50 + 2 xy .
Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point P ( 4, 2 ) .
x = 2y
Question 6
A curve is described by the implicit relationship
4 x 2 + 3xy − y 2 = 21 .
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point ( 2,1) .
4 y + 19 x = 42
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 7
A curve is described by the implicit relationship
y 3 + xy = 2 y + 4 x − 10 .
Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where y = 1 .
3 y + 4 x = 15
Question 8
A curve has equation
4 cos y = 3 − 2sin x , x ∈ » , y ∈ » .
Show clearly that
4 y − 2x = π
π π
is the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point with coordinates , .
6 3
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 9
A curve has implicit equation
y 2 + 3xy − 2 x 2 + 17 = 0 .
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point ( −2,3) .
x = −2
Question 10
A curve is described by the implicit relationship
y 2 − 2 y + 6 x + x 2 = 15 .
Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P ( 2,1) .
x=2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
TURNING POINTS
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1
A curve has implicit equation
9 x2 + 2 y 2 + y = 1 .
a) Show clearly that
dy 18 x
=− .
dx 4 y +1
dy
b) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the curve where = 0.
dx
( 0, −1) , ( 0, 12 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 2
A curve has equation
3x 2 − xy + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y = 1 .
a) Show that
dy 2 + 6 x − y
= .
dx 4 − 2 y + x
5
b) Hence show that at the turning points of the curve, x 2 = .
33
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3
A curve has equation
2 x 2 + xy + y 2 = 14 .
a) Show clearly that
dy 4x + y
=− .
dx x + 2y
b) Hence, find the coordinates of the turning points of the curve.
(1, −4 ) , ( −1, 4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4
A curve C is defined implicitly by
y 2 − 3xy + 4 x 2 = 28 , x, y ∈ » .
dy
a) Find an expression for , in terms of x and y .
dx
b) Determine the coordinates of the turning points of C .
dy 3 y − 8 x
= , ( −3, −8) , ( 3,8)
dx 2 y − 3 x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5
The equation of a curve is given by
x2 + 3
ey = , x >1.
x −1
a) Show clearly that
dy ( x − 3)( x + 1)
= .
dx ( )
x 2 + 3 ( x − 1)
b) Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of the curve.
( 3,ln 6 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 6
The equation of a curve is given by
x 2 − 2 y 2 − xy − x + 5 y + 34 = 0 .
a) Show clearly that
dy 2 x − y − 1
= .
dx x + 4 y − 5
b) Find the exact value of gradient at the point on the curve with coordinates
(1 + 4 2, −5 − 2 . )
c) Determine the coordinates of the turning point of the curve.
( )
− 1 2 + 3 2 , ( 3,5 ) , ( −1, −3)
8
Created by T. Madas