Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter consists of six parts, namely: background of the study,

statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and limitation, significance of the

study, and operational definition of terms are discussed.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, a lot of young individuals especially adolescents suffer from

sleep deprivation or inadequate sleep. Around 70% of adolescent’s experience

sleep deprivation because of school, job, and social activity which results to an

unhealthy lifestyle and slow academic progress (Owen et al. 2019). Insufficient

sleep plays a key function in improving cognitive abilities, particularly memory

retention. Students' physical and cognitive health, as well as their academic

performance, are affected by poor nighttime sleep quality and the resulting

daytime lethargy (Goldstein & Shaukat, 2014).

Sleeping for seven to nine hours per night is recommended for both young

and old adults. Lack of sleep leads to impaired judgment, irritability, mood

swings, and failure to process information; in the long term, it can play a part to

cardio metabolic disorders and even higher mortality. (Yazdi et al., 2016).

Previous research has found links between adolescent sleep quality and

academic performance and mental health. Academic achievement has been

disturbances than those with longer sleep hours and fewer sleep disturbances.

Individuals with sleep disruption have also been found to have a higher risk of

developing anxiety symptoms than those who do not. (Zhang et al., 2021).

Sleep deprivation studies may reveal that sleep deprivation has negative

effects on a variety of cognitive tests. Motor skills, verbal learning, and abstract

thinking are all included. And the outcomes in children and young adolescents

are promising. Similar to those found in adults Sleep deprivation has been linked

to difficulties in maintaining focused attention, sleep intromissions, lack of

impulse control (e.g. suppressing an incorrect response), and impaired working

memory; this is due to the sensitivity of areas in the brain linked to executive

function and Top-Down control, such as the prefrontal cortex. (Fonesca &

Genzel, 2021).

According to the study of Mirgahani et al. (2015), seven to sixteen percent

of adolescents suffer from delayed sleep phase syndrome, a circadian sleep

rhythm disorder defined by the difficulty to fall asleep at the appropriate or

desired time. Another factor that causes adolescents to sleep late is the use of

central nervous stimulants including drinking coffee, caffeinated beverages, and

caffeinated cocktails with alcohol. Furthermore, researchers would like to fully

understand the effect of sleep deprivation to the academic performance of

Mindanao State University specifically among the Science Technology

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students in General Santos City

This study will try to determine the significant effects of sleep deprivation

to the academic performance and participation of Senior High School students in

Mindanao State University General Santos, when analyzed accordingly.

Specifically, the study is intended to answer the following;

1. In terms of percentages, what level of difficulty do students have sleeping

at night?

1.1 1-25%;

1.2 25-50%;

1.3 50-75%; and

1.4 75-100%?

2. What are the effects of sleep insufficiency to the students’ productivity and

efficiency in answering their schoolwork?

3. How does sleep influence the students’ participation in class?

HYPOTHESIS

H 1 : There is a significant relationship between the sleep insufficiency and the

academic performance of the Senior High School Students of Mindanao State

University General Santos City.

H 0 :There is no significant relationship between the sleep insufficiency and the

academic performance of the Senior High School Students of Mindanao State

University General Santos City.

The general intent of this study is to know the impact of sleep insufficiency

on the academic performance of the SHS students of MSU General Santos City

SY 2021-2022. Sleep deprivation might lead to more procedural mistakes,

affecting the student's performance. If sleep is not effectively managed, it can

have detrimental physiological, psychological, and cognitive consequences. It is

critical to comprehend why enough sleep is essential in light of the acknowledged

problem of sleep deprivation. (Guadiana et al., 2021). Insufficient sleep,

increased short-term sleep, and sleeping late and waking up early have all been

connected to decreased learning capacity, academic performance, and

neurobehavioral functions, according to studies. (Jalali et al., 2020). When

students do not get enough sleep, they are more likely to complete their

schoolwork later or even before the deadline. Students rarely get focused on the

question to answer when participating in class. Sleep deprivation will occur again

if a student over does their schoolwork and completes it before the deadline.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study Impact of Sleep Insufficiency on the Academic of the Senior

High School students of MSU General Santos City may be significant to the

following:

To the Grade11 and 12 students. This study may help the students to

determine the impact of sleep insufficiency on their academics and be able to

learn how to cope with it.

sensitive and attentive with their children, especially in times of pandemic. This

study will also help them to be aware of their children’s academic stance.

To the Teachers. This study may help the teachers to be aware and to

know the impact of sleep insufficiency to the students. This study may enable

them to help the students and may find new ways on how the students can cope

up with it.

To the Administrators. This study may help them observe the impact of

sleep insufficiency to the students. This study will enable them to help the

teachers reach out to the parents. This may enable them to implement activities

that could help the students to have a good academic stance without having

sleep insufficiency.

To the Researchers. This will help them acquire more knowledge and

understanding, especially through elaborate investigation of the impact of sleep

insufficiency to the Senior High School students of MSU General Santos City.

To the Future Researchers. This study may serve as a good source of

guide or reference for future studies that are relevant to this topic. The results in

this study can also serve as a basis for further study and prove better results.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

The terms specified below are provided to assist clarity and a better

understanding of the words used in the study.

through different academic subjects. The researchers will know if the sleep

deprivation affects the academic performance of the students.

Cognitive Effects influence the manner in which an individual think,

learns and recalls. The researchers will be asking the respondents about their

academic performance and participation in class.

Detrimental Psychological is a type of negative stress response that

results from being overwhelmed by demands, losses, or perceived threats. The

researchers will learn that this is one of the effects of sleep deprivation as a

result of this investigation.

Learning Capacity is the actual anatomy of your brain, which includes all

the neural networks that influence how effectively you can think, your memory,

attention, speed of processing, and ability to sequence ideas. The researchers

will ask the respondents about the impact of lack of sleep on their learning

capacity.

Neurobehavioral Functions focuses on the interactions between sleep

and the endogenous circadian pacemaker in controlling wakefulness and waking

neurobehavioral functions such as physiological alertness, attention, cognitive

health.

Psychological Effects the impact of naturally derived factors on a

person's social and mental traits. Through this study, the researchers will know

the effects of sleep deprivation.

Sleep Deprivation defined as not getting enough sleep which some

students possibly experience. This would be the cause as to why this study was

conducted.

Students learners who are attending school. In this study, the researchers

will be choosing respondents who are a Senior High School student at Mindanao

State University.