Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Prob 10-1

Vs := 120 f := 60 R := 10 α 1 := 90

Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056

α 1⋅ π
Vs = 120
α := α = 1.5708
180
Using Eq. (10.1) of 3rd edtion
1 + cos ( α )
Vdc := ⋅ Vm Vdc = 27.0095
2⋅ π
Vdc
Idc := Idc = 2.7009
R

⎛ π − α + sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎞
⎜ ⎟ Using Eq. (10.4) of 3rd edtion
⎝ 2 ⎠
π
Vrms := ⋅ Vm Vrms = 60
2
Vrms
Irms :=
R Irms = 6
2
Vdc
( a) η := 100⋅ η = 20.2642
2
Vrms

Pdc := Vdc⋅ Idc Pdc = 72.9513

Pac := Vrms⋅ Irms Pac = 360

Using Eq. (3.3) Pdc
η ⋅ 100 = 20.2642
η :=
Pac

Using Eq. (3.5) Vrms

( b) FF := 100⋅ FF = 222.1441
Vdc
Using Eq. (3.2)
2
( c) RF := FF − 1 100⋅ RF = 198.3634

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-1
 Vm
( d) Vs := Vs = 120
2
Vrms
Is := Is = 6
R

Using Eq. (3.8) VA := Vs⋅ Is VA = 720

2
2⋅ Vdc
TUF := 100TUF = 1719.4775
Vrms
Pdc
100⋅ TUF = 1719.4775
TUF :=
VA
Using Eq. (3.9) 1
= 9.8696
TUF
Pac
PF := PF = 0.5
Vs⋅ Irms
( e) PIV := Vm PIV = 169.7056
1
Vn ( z) := ⋅ ( 1 + cos ( z) )
2

1
Nomalized Output Voltage

Vn ( z) 0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
z
Delay Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-2
Prob 10-2
π
Vs := 120 f := 60 R := 5 α :=
3 α = 1.0472

Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056
Using Eq. (10.1) of 3rd edtion
1 + cos ( α )
Vdc := ⋅ Vm Vdc = 40.5142
2⋅ π
Vdc
Idc := Idc = 8.1028
R

⎛ π − α + sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎞
Using Eq. (10.4) of 3rd edtion

⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
π
Vrms := ⋅ Vm
2 Vrms = 76.1078
Vrms
Irms :=
R
Irms = 15.2216
2
Vdc
( a) η := 100⋅ η = 28.3372
2
Vrms

Pdc := Vdc⋅ Idc Pdc = 328.2806

Pac := Vrms⋅ Irms Pac = 1158.4784

Using Eq. (3.3) Pdc
η ⋅ 100 = 28.3372
η :=
Pac
Using Eq. (3.5).
Vrms
( b) FF := 100⋅ FF = 187.8544
Vdc
Using Eq. (3.2)
2
( c) RF := FF − 1 100⋅ RF = 159.026

Vm
( d) Vs := Vs = 120
2

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-3
 Vrms
Is := Is = 15.2216
R
VA := Vs⋅ Is VA = 1826.5864
Using Eq. (3.5) 2⋅ Vdc
2
TUF :=
Vrms 100TUF = 3050.0102

Pdc
TUF := 100⋅ TUF = 17.9724
VA
1
Using Eq. (3.9) = 5.5641
TUF
Pac
PF :=
Vs⋅ Irms PF = 0.6342

( e) PIV := Vm PIV = 169.7056

Prob 10-3

R=10 Ω, 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 0.50 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉

𝑉𝑉 Vm
(a) From Fig. P10.1, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 may be derived; 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 𝑉𝑉 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.5(1 + cos α) where Vdm = ;
𝑑𝑑𝑚𝑚 π
0.5 = 0.5(1+ cos α) or α=90°
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
(b) From Fig. P10.1, it may be derived ; 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = (1 + cos 𝛼𝛼); 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.159 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 26.98 𝑉𝑉,
2𝜋𝜋
26.98
𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 10
= 2.7 𝐴𝐴
1
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 1 sin 2𝛼𝛼 2
From Fig. P 10.1, it may be derived; 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = �𝜋𝜋 �𝜋𝜋 − 𝛼𝛼 + �� ; 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 0.3535;
2 2

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 59.99 𝑉𝑉; 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 6𝐴𝐴

(c) 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2.7 A, 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅 = 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 6 𝐴𝐴

(d) Assuming that the harmonics are negligible, the output power,

𝑃𝑃0 = (0.3535𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 )2 /𝑅𝑅

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-4
 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
The rms voltage of secondary transformer is 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
√2

The rms voltage of transformer secondary current is the same as that of the load, 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 =
0.3535 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 /𝑅𝑅
0.3535 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
Volt-Amp(VA) of transformer, V A = 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 ×
𝑅𝑅
0.3535 2
p.f. = 0.707×0.3535 = 0.5

Prob 10-4 See 3rd edition of the book

Vs := 120 f := 60 −3
L := 5⋅ 10 R := 10 E := 20
Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056

ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ f ω = 376.9911
π
α :=
6 Using Eq. (10.1) of 3rd edtion
Vm
Vdc := ⋅ ( 1 + cos ( α ) )
2⋅ π Vdc = 50.4004

Vm
⋅ sin ( α )
2
a1 :=
2⋅ π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-5
 Vm ⎛ sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎞
b1 := ⋅ ⎜π − α⋅ ⎟
2⋅ π ⎝ b1 = 78.7291
2 ⎠

R + ( ω ⋅ L)
2 2
Z1 := Z1 = 10.1761

2 2
a1 + b1
I1 := I1 = 5.4907
2⋅ Z1

Prob 10-5 See 3rd edition of the book

Ia := 1 Ia = 1

Vm := 170 Vm = 170

π
α := α = 1.5708
( b) 2
Using Eq. (10.52) of 3rd edtion
Vm
Vdc := ( cos ( α ) + 1) ⋅ Vdc = 54.1127
π

Vn := ( cos ( α ) + 1) ⋅
1
Vn = 0.5
2
sin ( 2⋅ α ) Using Eq. (10.54) of 3rd edtion
π−α+ Vm
2
Vrms := ⋅ Vrms = 85
π 2
Using Eq. (10.58) of 3rd edtio
2⋅ 2⋅ Ia
Is1 :=
⎛α⎞
cos ⎜ ⎟ Is1 = 0.6366
π ⎝2⎠
α
Is := Ia⋅ 1 − Is = 0.7071
π
Using Eq. (3.22)
2
( a) ⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 48.3426
⎝ Is1 ⎠

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-6
 DF := cos ⎜
⎛ −α ⎞ Using Eq. (3.21)
( b) ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ DF = 0.7071
Using Eq. (3.23)
( c) Is1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.6366 ( lagging)
Is

2⋅ ( 1 + cos ( z) )
PF ( z) :=
π ⋅ ( π − z)

0.9

0.8

0.7
Power Factor

0.6

PF ( z) 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Delay Angle, radians
Prob 10-6 See 3rd edition of the book
α 1⋅ π
α 1 := 60 α := α = 1.0472
180
−3
R := 2.5 L := 6.5⋅ 10
1
f := 60 ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ 60 ω = 376.9911 T := T = 0.0167
f

Vs := 120 E := 10 Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.7056

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-7
 1
2
Z := ⎡⎣ R + ( ω ⋅ L) ⎤⎦
2 2
Z = 3.5007

θ := atan ⎛⎜ ω ⋅ ⎟
L⎞ θ
180 = 44.4264
⎝ R⎠ π Using Eq. (10.67) of 3rd edtion

( a) ⎡ ⎛ R ⎞ ⋅ ⎛ α −π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
2⋅ Vs sin ( π − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω ⎠ ⎥ E
⎢
IL0 := ⋅⎢ ⎥−
Z ⎢ ⎛ R⎞ ⎛π ⎞
− ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎥ R
⎢ ⎥
1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
L ω
⎣ ⎦
IL0 = 29.7674
⎛ R ⎞⋅ ⎛ α ⎞
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ E ⎡⎢ − ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
−⎜
⎛R⎞ ⎛α⎞
ω ⎥
IL1 := IL0⋅ e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ − ⋅ ⎣ 1 − e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
L ω L
IL1 = 7.6013
R

⎛ R ⎞⋅ ⎛ t ⎞
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ E ⎡⎢ − ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
−⎜
⎛R⎞ ⎛ t ⎞
ω ⎥
iL1 ( t) := IL0⋅ e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ − ⋅ ⎣ 1 − e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
L ω L
R Using Eq. (10.66) of 3rd edtion

⎛ R ⎞ ⋅ ⎛ α −t⎞
Vs ⎛ Vs ⎞ ⎜ L ⎟ ⎜ ω ⎟⎠ E
⋅ sin ( ω ⋅ t − θ ) + ⎜ IL1 + ⋅ sin ( α − θ ) ⎟ ⋅ e⎝ ⎠ ⎝
E
iL2 ( t) := 2⋅ − 2⋅ −
Z ⎝ R Z ⎠ R

( b) The average thyristor current can also be found as:

π
⌠ω
⎮ 1
IA := ⎮ ⋅ i ( t) dt
T L2 IA = 11.4144
⎮
⌡α
ω
( c) The rms thyristors current can be found as
1
2
⎛⎜ π ⎞⎟
⌠ω
⎜⎮ 1 2 ⎟
IR := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T IR = 20.587
⎜⎮⌡α ⎟
⎜ ω ⎟
⎝ ⎠
( d) The rms o tp t c rrent can then be fo nd b
Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers
Page # 10-8
( d) The rms output current can then be found by
1
2
⎛⎜ α π
⎟⎞
⌠ω ⌠ω
⎜⎮ 2 2 ⎮ 2 2 ⎟
Irms := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL1 ( t) dt + ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T T
⎜ ⌡0 ⎮ ⎟ Irms = 33.7944
⌡ α
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ω ⎠
( e) The average output current can then be found by

⎛⎜ α π ⎞⎟
⌠ω ⌠ω
⎜⎮ 2 ⎮ 2 ⎟
Idc := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL1 ( t) dt + ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T
⎮
T Idc = 32.7354
⎜ ⌡0 ⌡ α ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ω ⎠
(f ) The crttical delay angle can then be found by

E
x := x = 0.0589
Vm

Guess

α c := 0.1
Using Eq. (10.68) of 3rd edtion
Given
⎡⎢ ⎛ α c−π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎥
⎢ sin ( π − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e⎝ tan (θ ) ⎠ ⎥
⎢ c
⎥ cos ( θ ) − x = 0
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞ ⎥
⎟
⎢ ( ) ⎥ Find ( α c) = 158.2145
180
1−e ⎝
tan θ ⎠
⎣ ⎦ π
⎡ ⎛ α −π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎝ tan ( z) ⎠ ⎥
sin ( π − z) − sin ( α − z) ⋅ e
x ( α , z) := ⎢ ⎥ cos ( z) ( 10 − 68)
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞ ⎥
⎢ ⎟ ⎥
1−e ⎝
tan ( z) ⎠
⎣ ⎦

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-9
 Boundary Discontinuous/Continuous Region
0.8

0.72

0.64

0.56
Load Voltage Ratio

0.48
x ( α , z)
0.4

0.32

0.24

0.16

0.08

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Load Impedance Angle, radians

Prob 10-7

2𝜋𝜋
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑓𝑓 = 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 0.50 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝛼𝛼 = , 𝑉𝑉 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉
3 𝑚𝑚
2√2 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎 𝛼𝛼 2√2 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎 𝜋𝜋
From Fig. P10.5, the rms value of fundamental current; 𝐼𝐼1 = 𝜋𝜋
𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 2 , 𝐼𝐼1 = 𝜋𝜋
𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 3 =
0.45 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎
𝛼𝛼 1/2
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎 �1 − �𝜋𝜋 �� = 0.577 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎

(a) 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 = [(𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 /𝐼𝐼1 )2 − 1]1/2 = 0.8025 𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟 80.25%

𝛼𝛼 π
(b) From Fig. P10.5, 𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻 = 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝜙𝜙1 = 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 �− 2 � = cos �− 3� = 0.5

(c) 𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻 = (𝐼𝐼1 /𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 )𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻 = (0.45/0.577)0.5 = 0.4 (𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙)

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-10
 1
Vn ( z) := ( 1 + cos ( z) ) ⋅ ( 10 − 53)
2
1

0.9

0.8
Nomalized Output Voltage

0.7

0.6

Vn ( z) 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Delay Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-11
Prob 10-8

R =10 Ω, 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 0.50 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉

𝑉𝑉 Vm
(a) From Fig. P10.5, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 may be derived, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 𝑉𝑉 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.5(1 + cos α) where Vdm = π
;
𝑑𝑑𝑚𝑚
0.5 = 0.5(1+ cos α) or α=90°
𝑉𝑉
(b) From Fig. P10.5, it may be derived ,𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋𝑚𝑚 (1 + cos 𝛼𝛼); 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.3184 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 54 𝑉𝑉,
26.98
𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 10
= 5.4 𝐴𝐴
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 1 sin 2𝛼𝛼 1/2
From Fig. P 10.5, it may be derived, 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = �𝜋𝜋 �𝜋𝜋 − 𝛼𝛼 + 2
�� ;
√2
𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 0.5 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 84.85 𝑉𝑉, 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 8.5 𝐴𝐴

(c) 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 /2 =2.7 A, 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅 = 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 /√2 = 6 𝐴𝐴

(d) Assuming that the harmonics are negligible, the output power,

𝑃𝑃0 = (0.5 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 )2 /𝑅𝑅

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
The rms voltage of secondary transformer is 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
√2

The rms voltage of transformer secondary current is the same as that of the load, 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 0.5 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 /𝑅𝑅
0.5𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
Volt-Amp(VA) of transformer, V A=𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 ×
𝑅𝑅
0.52
p.f. =0.707×0.5 = 0.7

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-12
 Prob 10-9 See 3rd edition of the book

Vs := 120 f := 60 −3
L := 5⋅ 10 R := 5 E := 20

Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056

ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ f ω = 376.9911
π
α :=
6 n := 2
Using Eq. (10.52)
Vm
Vdc := ⋅ ( 1 + cos ( α ) ) Vdc = 100.8008
π

Vm ⎡ cos ⎡( 1 − n) ⋅ π⎤ cos ⎡( 1 + n) ⋅ π⎤ cos ⎡( 1 − n) ⋅ α⎤ cos ⎡( 1 + n) ⋅ α⎤ ⎤

a2 := ⋅⎢ −
⎣ ⎦− ⎣ ⎦+ ⎣ ⎦+ ⎣ ⎦
⎥
π ⎣ 1−n 1+n 1−n 1+n ⎦
a2 = −82.7945
Vm ⎡ sin ⎡( 1 − n) ⋅ α⎤ sin ⎡( 1 + n) ⋅ α⎤ ⎤
⋅⎢ − ⎣
b2 := ⎦+ ⎣ ⎦
⎥ b2 = −9.0032
π ⎣ 1 − n 1 + n ⎦

R + ( n⋅ ω ⋅ L )
2 2
Z2 := Z2 = 6.262

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-13
 Boundary:Discontinuous/Continuous Region
1

0.8
Power Factor

0.6
PF ( z)

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
z
Delay Angle, radians

Prob 10-10
𝜋𝜋
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑓𝑓 = 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 0.50 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝛼𝛼 = , 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉
6
2√2 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎
From Eq. (10.5), 𝐼𝐼1 = = 0.9003 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎
𝜋𝜋
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎

(a) 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 = [(𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 /𝐼𝐼1 )2 − 1]1/2 = 0.4834 𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟 48.34%

π
(b) From Eq. (10.6), 𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻 = 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝜙𝜙1 = 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠(−𝛼𝛼) = cos �− 6� = 0.866

2√2
(c) 𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻 = (𝐼𝐼1 /𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 )𝐷𝐷𝐻𝐻 = � � × 0.866 = 0.78 (𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙)
𝜋𝜋

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-15
Prob 10-11

R=10 Ω, 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 0.50 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉

(a) From Eq. (10.2), 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = cos α; 0.5= cos α or α=60°

2𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 54
(b) From Eq. (10.1), 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = cos 𝛼𝛼; 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.318 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 54 𝑉𝑉, 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 10 = 5.4 𝐴𝐴
𝜋𝜋

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
From Eq. (10.3), 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 120𝑉𝑉 ; 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 12𝐴𝐴
√2

𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 12
(c) 𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = 1.35 A, 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅 = 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠
𝑟𝑟 = = 8.49𝐴𝐴
2 √2

(d) Assuming that the harmonics are negligible, the output power,
(0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 )2
𝑃𝑃0 = 𝑅𝑅
= 1440𝑊𝑊

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
The rms voltage of secondary transformer is 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = = 0.707𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = 120𝑉𝑉
√2

The rms voltage of transformer secondary current is the same as that of the load, 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 =
12𝐴𝐴
Volt-Amp(VA) of transformer, V A= 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 = 120 × 12 = 1440
1440
p.f. = 1440 = 1.0

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-15
Prob 10-12

𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑉𝑉, 𝑓𝑓 = 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑅𝑅 = 5 Ω, 𝐿𝐿 = 10 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝐻, 𝐸𝐸 = 20𝑉𝑉, 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉

The output voltage can be expressed in Fourier series as,

∞

𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � (𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 + 𝑏𝑏𝑛𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) − 𝐸𝐸 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑛 = 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡
𝑛𝑛=2,4,6,…

2 𝜋𝜋+𝛼𝛼 2𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
Where 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝜋𝜋 �∫𝛼𝛼 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 sin 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛� = cos 𝛼𝛼
𝜋𝜋

2 𝜋𝜋+𝛼𝛼 2𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 cos (𝑛𝑛+1)𝛼𝛼 cos (𝑛𝑛−1)𝛼𝛼

𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝜋𝜋 �∫𝛼𝛼 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 sin 𝑛𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛� = 𝜋𝜋
� (𝑛𝑛+1)
− (𝑛𝑛−1)
� for n=2, 4, 6....

2 𝜋𝜋+𝛼𝛼 2𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 sin (𝑛𝑛+1)𝛼𝛼 sin (𝑛𝑛 −1)𝛼𝛼

𝑏𝑏𝑛𝑛 = 𝜋𝜋 �∫𝛼𝛼 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 sin 𝑛𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛� = � − � for n=2, 4, 6....
𝜋𝜋 (𝑛𝑛+1) (𝑛𝑛−1)
The rms value of the fundamental component is
�𝑎𝑎22 + 𝑏𝑏22
𝐼𝐼2 =
√2 × �𝑅𝑅 2 + (2𝜔𝜔𝐿𝐿)2
𝜋𝜋
For 𝛼𝛼 = 6 , 𝑎𝑎2 = −93.56, 𝑏𝑏2 = −18, 𝑍𝑍2 = 6.26 Ω, 𝐼𝐼2 = 10.76 𝐴𝐴

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-16
Prob 10-13

rad
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 120 𝑉𝑉 , 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 = 5mH, Idc = 20 A, f = 60Hz, ω = 2π × 60 = 377 , α1 = 75°, 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
s
= √2 × 120 = 169.7 𝑉𝑉

For ωt = 2π and α1 = 5π/12, Eq. (10.14) gives the peak circulating current

2 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 2 × 169.7 𝜋𝜋
𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 = (1 − 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝛼𝛼1 ) = �1 − 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 � = 26.37 𝐴𝐴
𝜔𝜔𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 377 × 0.010 4

The peak load current is, 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 20 𝐼𝐼

The peak current of converter 1 is

(26.37 + 20) = 46.37 A.

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-17
 Prob 10-14
75
Vs := 120 f := 60 R := 10 Von :=
100
Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056

π
Guess α := Using Eq. (10.79) of 3rd edtion
( a) 6
Von = 0.25⋅ ( 3 + cos ( α ) )
Given

α := Find ( α )
180
α⋅ = 90
π
0.25⋅ ( 3 + cos ( α ) ) = 0.75
3Vm
( b) Vdc := Vdc = 162.0569
π
Vdc
Idc :=
R Idc = 16.2057

α π
1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
⋅ ⎮ sin ( θ ) dθ + ⋅ ⎮ 4 sin ( θ ) dθ
2 2
Vrms := Vm
π ⌡0 π ⌡α Vrms = 189.7366
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 18.9737
R
Idc
Iav :=
( c) 2 Iav = 8.1028
Irms
IR := IR = 13.4164
2
2
( d) Po := Irms ⋅ R
Po = 3600

VA := 2⋅ Vs⋅ Irms VA = 4553.6796

Po
PF := PF = 0.7906
VA

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-18
 Prob 10-15 See 3rd edition of the book
π
α 1 := 0 α 2 := Ia := 1
3
−Ia
a1 :=
π
⋅ sin α 2 ( ) a1 = −0.2757

Ia
b1 :=
π
( ( ))
⋅ 3 + cos α 2 b1 = 1.1141

Ia
C1 :=
π
⋅ 10 + 6⋅ cos α 2 ( ) C1 = 1.1477

2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 1.1477
C1
I1 := I1 = 0.8115
2

3
Is := ⋅I
2 a Is = 0.866

⎛ −sin ( α 2) ⎟⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜
180
φ 1⋅ = −13.8979
⎜ 3 + cos ( α 2) ⎟ π
⎝ ⎠
2
Using Eq. (3.22) ( a) ⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 37.2559
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) ( )
DF := cos −φ 1 DF = 0.9707
Using Eq. (10.6) I1
( c)
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.91 ( lagging)
Is
Prob 10-16

75
Vs := 120 f := 60 R := 5 Von :=
100
Vm := Vs⋅ 2 Vm = 169.7056

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-19
 π
Guess α 2 := Using Eq. (10.83) of 3rd edtion
( a) 6
Given
(
Von = 0.5⋅ 1 + cos α 2 ( ))
( )
α 2 := Find α 2 α 2⋅
180
= 60
π
(
0.5⋅ 1 + cos α 2 ( ) ) = 0.75
3Vm
( b) Vdc := Vdc = 162.0569
π
Vdc
Idc :=
R Idc = 32.4114

π
2 ⌠
⋅ ⎮ 4 sin ( θ ) dθ
2
Vrms := Vm
2π ⌡α Vrms = 215.2653
2

Vrms
Irms := Irms = 43.0531
R
Idc
Iav :=
( c) 2 Iav = 16.2057
Irms
IR := IR = 30.4431
2
2
( d) Po := Irms ⋅ R
Po = 9267.827

VA := 2⋅ Vs⋅ Irms VA = 10332.7327

Po
PF := PF = 0.8969
VA

Prob 10-17
π
α 1 := 0 α 1 := 0 α 2 := Ia := 1
6
2⋅ 2 Using Eq. (10.88) of 3rd edtion
I1 := Ia⋅
π
⋅ cos α 2 ( ) I1 = 0.7797

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-20
 2
Is := ⋅I
3 a Is = 0.8165

φ 1 := −α 2 180
φ 1⋅ = −30
π
Using Eq. (3.22)
2
( a) ⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 31.0842
Using Eq. (10.7) ⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) ( )
DF := cos −φ 1 DF = 0.866

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.827 ( lagging)
Is

Prob 10-18
VL
Vs = 120
VL := 208 Vs :=
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.8313
( a)
R := 10 R = 10
Vn := 0.5 Vn = 0.5

3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 140.4493
2⋅ π

α := acos ( 3⋅ Vn − 1 − ) π
6
α = 1.1816

α ⋅ 180
α 1 := α 1 = 67.6993
π
( b) Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 70.2247
Vdc
Idc := Idc = 7.0225
R
Using Eq. (10.24) of 3rd edtion

Vrms := 3⋅ Vm⋅
5
−
α
+
1 ⎛π ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ + 2⋅ α ⎟ Vrms = 94.7445
24 4⋅ π 8π ⎝3 ⎠

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-21
 Vrms
Irms := Irms = 9.4745
R
Idc
IA := IA = 2.3408
( c) 3
Irms
IR := IR = 5.4701
3
Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 54.9378
Vrms⋅ Irms

( e) VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ IR VA = 1970.6858
Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := TUF = 0.2502
VA
2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 897.6522
Po
PF :=
Vn ( z) := cos ( z) VA PF = 0.4555( lagging)

0.5
Nomalized Output Voltage

Vn ( z) 0

0.5

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
z
Delay Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-22
 Prob 10-19 See 3rd edition of the book

α 1 := 0 π
α 1 := 0 α 2 := Ia := 1
3
n := 1

⎛ α2 ⎞
⎟ 1 ⎛⎜ ⌠ ⎞
π
1 ⎜⌠
a11 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ + ⋅ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
2 ⎝ ⌡0 ⎠ 1 ⎜ ⌡α ⎝ 2
⎟
⎠
⎡ ⎛ ⌠ π +α 2 ⎞ ⎞⎤
⎟ 1 ⎛⎜ ⌠
2π
⎢ 1 ⎜
a12 := ⋅ ⎜⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ + ⋅ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⌡π ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ 1 ⎜⎝ ⌡π +α 2 ⎠⎦
Ia
(
a1 := a11 − a12
π
)
a1 = −0.2757
−Ia
a1 :=
π
⋅ sin α 2 ( ) a1 = −0.2757

⎡ ⎛⌠ α 2 ⎞ π ⎤
⎢ 1 ⎜ ⎟ 1⌠
b11 := ⋅ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ + ⋅ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎜ ⌡0 ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ 1 ⌡α 2 ⎦
⎡ ⎛ ⌠ π +α 2 ⎞ ⎞⎤
⎟ 1 ⎛⎜ ⌠
2π
⎢ 1 ⎜
B12 := ⋅ ⎜⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ + ⋅ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⌡π ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ 1 ⎜⎝ ⌡π +α 2 ⎠⎦
Ia
(
b1 := b11 − B12 ⋅
π
)
Ia b1 = 1.1141
b1 :=
π
(
⋅ 3 + cos α 2 ( )) b1 = 1.1141

Ia
C1 :=
π
⋅ 10 + 6⋅ cos α 2 ( )
C1 = 1.1477
2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 1.1477

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-23
 C1
I1 :=
2 I1 = 0.8115

3
Is := ⋅I
2 a Is = 0.866

⎛ −sin ( α 2) ⎟⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜
⎜ 3 + cos ( α 2) ⎟ φ 1⋅
180
= −13.8979
⎝ ⎠ π

2
( a) ⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 37.2559
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) ( )
DF := cos −φ 1 DF = 0.9707

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.91 ( lagging)
Is
Prob. 10-20 See 3rd edition of the book
VL
VL := 220 Vs := Vs = 127.0171
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 179.6292

R := 5 R=5
Vn := 0.25 Vn = 0.25

3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 148.5522
2⋅ π
π
Guess α :=
( a) 6 Using Eq. (10.23) of 3rd edtion
Given 1 ⎛ ⎛π ⎞⎞
Vn = ⋅ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎜ + α ⎟ ⎟
3 ⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠

α := Find ( α )
180
α⋅ = 94.5404
π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-24
 1 ⎛ ⎛π ⎞⎞
⋅ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎜ + α ⎟ ⎟ = 0.25
3 ⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠
( a) Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 37.138
Vdc
Idc := Idc = 7.4276
R
Using Eq. (10.24) of 3rd edtion

Vrms := 3⋅ Vm⋅
5
−
α
+
1 ⎛π ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ + 2⋅ α ⎟ Vrms = 62.1173
24 4⋅ π 8π ⎝3 ⎠
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 12.4235
R
Idc
IDT :=
( c) 3 IDT = 2.4759
Irms
IRT := IRT = 7.1727
3
Is := IRT Is = 7.1727
Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 35.7449
Vrms⋅ Irms

( e) VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ Is VA = 2733.1592
Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := TUF⋅ 100 = 10.0926
VA
2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 771.7107

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-25
 Po
PF :=
Vn ( z) := cos ( z) VA PF = 0.2824( lagging)

0.5
Nomalized Output Voltage

Vn ( z) 0

0.5

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
z
Delay Angle, radians

Prob 10-21
VL
VL := 220 Vs := Vs = 127.0171 f := 60 R := 10 E := 20
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 179.6292 ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ f ω = 376.9911
π
α := n := 3
6
Using Eq. (10.15) 2Vm Vdc = 37.138
Vdc := ⋅ cos ( α )
π
Vdc − E
Idc := Idc = 7.9035
R

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-26
 3Vm ⎛ ⌠ π ⎞
a3 := ⎜ ⎮ sin ( θ ) ⋅ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⎮π ⎟
⌡ a3 = 32.1625
⎜ + α ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠
3Vm ⎛ ⌠ π ⎞
b3 := ⎜ ⎮ sin ( θ ) ⋅ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ ⎟
π ⎜ ⎮π ⎟ b3 = −55.7071
⌡
⎜ + α ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠
R + ( n⋅ ω ⋅ L)
2 2
Z3 := Z3 = 11.4881

2 2
a3 + b3
I3 := I3 = 3.9593
2⋅ Z3

Prob 10-22

VL
VL := 208 Vs := Vs = 120.0889
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.8313

Vn := 0.5 Vn = 0.5 R := 10 R = 10

3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 280.8987
π
⎛ Vn ⎞
( a) α := acos ⎜ − 1⎟ α = 1.5708
⎝ 0.5 ⎠
α ⋅ 180
α 1 := α 1 = 90
π

Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 140.4493

Vdc
Idc := Idc = 14.0449
R

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-27
 Using Eq. (10.71) of 3rd edtion

3⋅ Vm⋅ ⎡⎢
3 ⎛ ⎞⎤
⋅ ⎜ π − α + ⋅ sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎟⎥
1
Vrms := Vrms = 180.1333
⎣ 4⋅ π ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 18.0133
R
Idc
IA := IA = 4.6816
( c) 3
Irms
IR := IR = 10.4
3
Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 60.7927
Vrms⋅ Irms

( e) 2
Is := Irms⋅ Is = 14.7078
3

VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ Is VA = 5298.7362

Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := TUF = 0.3723
VA
2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 3244.8
Po
PF :=
VA PF = 0.6124( lagging)

1
Vn ( z) := ( 1 + cos ( z) ) ⋅
2

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-28
 1

0.9

0.8
Nomalized Output Voltage

0.7

0.6

Vn ( z) 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Delay Angle, radians

Prob 10-23
2π
n := 1 α := Ia := 1
3
Idc := 7π
⎛ 0 +α 11π
+α ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 6 ⎟
Ia
a1 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⎮π ⎮ ⎟
⌡
⎜ +α ⌡5π
+α ⎟ a1 = −0.9549
⎝ 6 6 ⎠
Idc := 07π
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⌠ 6 +α ⎟
Ia
a11 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ π⎮ ⎟
⎜ ⌡ +α ⎟ a11 = −0.3183
⎝ 6 ⎠

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-29
 ⎛ 11π +α ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⎟
−Ia
a12 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ 5π ⎮ ⎟ a12 = −0.6366
⎜ ⌡ +α ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

⎛ 7π +α 11π
+α ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 6 ⎟
Ia
b1 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⎮
π
⎮ ⎟
⌡
⎜ +α ⌡ 5π
+α ⎟ b1 = −0.5513
⎝ 6 6 ⎠
4⋅ Ia
a1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎛ π + α ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎡ ⎡n⋅ ⎛ π − α ⎞⎤ ⎤
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ a1 = −0.4775
π ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎦

−4⋅ Ia
b1 := ⋅ sin ⎜
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ cos ⎛ π + α⎞ ⎡ ⎡ ⎛ π α ⎞⎤ ⎤
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ sin ⎢ ⎢n⋅ ⎜ − ⎟⎥ ⎥ b1 = 0.2757
nπ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎦

2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 0.5513

C1 :=
4Ia
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎡ ⎡n⋅ ⎛ π − α ⎞⎤ ⎤
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥
nπ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎦ C1 = 0.5513

C1
I1 :=
2 I1 = 0.3898

α
Is := Ia⋅ 1 −
π Is = 0.5774

⎛ a1 ⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜ ⎟ 180
⎝ b1 ⎠ φ 1⋅ = −60
π
2
( a) ⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 109.2358
⎝ I1 ⎠

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-30
 ( b) DF := cos −φ 1 ( ) DF = 0.5

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.338 ( lagging)
Is
Prob 10-24
VL
VL := 220 Vs := Vs = 127.0171 R := 10
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs 25
Vm = 179.6292 Vn :=
100
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 297.1044
π

Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 74.2761

Using Eq. (10.70) of 3rd edtion
( a) ⎛ Vn ⎞ 180
α := acos ⎜ − 1⎟ α⋅ = 120
⎝ 0.5 ⎠ π
Vdc
Idc := Idc = 7.4276
R
Using Eq. (10.71) of 3rd edtion

3 ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎜ π − α + ⋅ sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎟
1
Vrms := 3⋅ Vm⋅
4⋅ π ⎝ Vrms = 119.136
2 ⎠
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 11.9136
R
Idc
IDT :=
( c) 3 IDT = 2.4759
Irms
IRT := IRT = 6.8783
3
Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 38.8698
Vrms⋅ Irms

2
Is := Irms⋅
3 Is = 9.7274

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-31
 ( e) VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ Is VA = 3706.6417
Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := %
VA TUF⋅ 100 = 14.8839

2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 1419.3381
Po
PF :=
VA PF = 0.3829 ( lagging)
Prob 10-25

VL
VL := 220 Vs := Vs = 127.0171 R := 10
3
Vm = 179.6292
Vm := 2⋅ Vs 90
Vn :=
100
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 297.1044
π
Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 267.3939
Using Eq. (10.70) of 3rd edtion
( a) ⎛ Vn ⎞ 180
α := acos ⎜ − 1⎟ α⋅ = 36.8699
⎝ 0.5 ⎠ π

Vdc
Idc := Idc = 26.7394
R
Using Eq. (10.71) of 3rd edtion

3 ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎜ π − α + ⋅ sin ( 2⋅ α ) ⎟
1
Vrms := 3⋅ Vm⋅
4⋅ π ⎝ Vrms = 262.3387
2 ⎠
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 26.2339
R
Idc
IDT :=
( c) 3 IDT = 8.9131
Irms
IRT := IRT = 15.1461
3

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-32
 Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 103.8911
Vrms⋅ Irms

2
Is := Irms⋅
3 Is = 21.4199

( e) VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ Is VA = 8162.0655
Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := TUF⋅ 100 = 87.5998 %
VA
2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 6882.1604
Po
PF := PF = 0.8432 ( lagging)
VA
Prob 10-26

−3
VL := 220 L := 5⋅ 10 f := 60 R := 10
VL
ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ f ω = 376.9911
Vs := Vs = 127.0171
3
π
Vm := 2⋅ Vs α := n := 3
Vm = 179.6292 6

⎛
α 1 := ( 1 − n) ⋅ ⎜ α +
π⎞ π
⎟−
⎝ 6⎠ 6
α 1 = −2.618

α 2 := ( 1 − n) ⋅ ⎜
⎛ 7π ⎞ − π
⎟
⎝ 6⎠ 6 α 2 = −7.854
⎛
β 1 := ( 1 + n) ⋅ ⎜ α +
π⎞ π
⎟− β 1 = 3.6652
⎝ 6⎠ 6

β 2 := ( 1 + n) ⋅ ⎜
⎛ 7π ⎞ − π
⎟ β 2 = 14.1372
⎝ 6⎠ 6
Using Eq. (10.73)
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdc = 267.3939
Vdc := ⋅ ( 1 + cos ( α ) )
2⋅ π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-33
 Vdc − E
Idc :=
R Idc = 25.7202

⎛ 7π ⎞
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎮⎜ ⌠ 6 ⎟
a3 := ⋅ ⎜⎮
⎛ π⎞
sin ⎜ θ − ⎟ ⋅ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ a3 = 32.1625
π ⎜⎮ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⌡ +α
π ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

a3 := ⋅⎜
( )
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎛ cos α 1 − cos α 2
+
( )
cos β 1 − cos β 2 ⎞
⎟
( ) ( )
2⋅ π ⎝ 1−n 1+n ⎠
a3 = 32.1625
⎛ 7π ⎞
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎮⎜ ⌠ 6 ⎟
b3 := ⋅ ⎜⎮
⎛ π⎞
sin ⎜ θ − ⎟ ⋅ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟ b3 = −18.569
π ⎜⎮ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⌡ +α
π ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

b3 := ⋅⎜
( )
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎛ sin α 2 − sin α 1
+
( )
sin β 1 − sin β 2 ⎞
⎟
( ) ( )
2⋅ π ⎝ 1−n 1+n ⎠ b3 = −18.569

R + ( n⋅ ω ⋅ L)
2 2
Z3 :=
Z3 = 11.4881
2 2
a3 + b3
I3 := I3 = 2.2859
2⋅ Z3

Prob 10-27

π
α := Ia := 1
3

6
I1 := ⋅I I1 = 0.7797
π a
2
Is := Ia⋅ Is = 0.8165
3

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-34
 2
⎛ Is ⎞
( a) HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 31.0842
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) φ 1 := α

( )
DF := cos −φ 1 DF = 0.5

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.477 ( lagging)
Is

Prob 10-28
VL
VL := 220 Vs := Vs = 127.0171 R := 10
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 179.6292 25
Vn :=
100
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 297.1044
π

Vdc := Vn⋅ Vdm Vdc = 74.2761

( a) α := acos Vn ( ) α⋅
180
= 75.5225
π
Vdc
Idc :=
R Idc = 7.4276
Using Eq. (10.17)
1 3⋅ 3
Vrms := 3⋅ Vm⋅ + ⋅ cos ( 2⋅ α )
2 4⋅ π Vrms = 115.6583
Vrms
Irms := Irms = 11.5658
R
Idc
IDT :=
( c) 3 IDT = 2.4759

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-35
 Irms
IRT := IRT = 6.6775
3
Using Eq. (3.3)
Vdc⋅ Idc
( d) η := 100⋅ η = 41.2425
Vrms⋅ Irms

4
Is := Irms⋅
6 Is = 9.4435

( e) VA := 3⋅ Vs⋅ Is VA = 3598.4404
Using Eq. (3.8)
Vdc⋅ Idc
TUF := TUF⋅ 100 = 15.3315 %
VA
2
(f ) Po := R⋅ Irms Po = 1337.6832
Using Eq. (3.9)
Po
PF := PF = 0.3717 ( lagging)
VA
Prob 10-29

−3
VL := 220 L := 5⋅ 10 f := 60 R := 10
VL
ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ f ω = 376.9911
Vs := Vs = 127.0171
3
π
Vm := 2⋅ Vs α := n := 6
Vm = 179.6292 6

⎛
α 1 := ( 1 − n) ⋅ ⎜ α +
π⎞ π
⎟+
⎝ 6⎠ 6
α 1 = −4.7124
⎡⎛
α 2 := ( 1 − n) ⋅ ⎢⎜ α +
π ⎞ π⎤
⎟+ ⎥
⎣⎝ 2 ⎠ 6⎦ α 2 = −13.09
⎛
β 1 := ( 1 + n) ⋅ ⎜ α +
π⎞ π
⎟+ β 1 = 7.854
⎝ 6⎠ 6

⎡⎛
β 2 := ( 1 + n) ⋅ ⎢⎜ α +
π ⎞ π⎤
⎟+ ⎥ β 2 = 18.326
⎣⎝ 2 ⎠ 6⎦

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-36
 Using Eq. (10.15)
3⋅ 3⋅ Vm
Vdc = 74.2761
Vdc := ⋅ cos ( α )
2⋅ π

Vdc − E
Idc :=
R Idc = 10.865

⎛ π +α ⎞
6⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎜ ⌠ 2 ⎟
⎮ ⎛ π⎞
a6 := ⋅ ⎜⎮ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟ ⋅ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜⎮ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎟ a6 = −14.7029
⎜ ⌡π +α ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

a6 := ⋅⎜
( )
−6⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎛ cos α 1 − cos α 2
+
( )
cos β 1 − cos β 2 ⎞
⎟
( ) ( )
2⋅ π ⎝ 1−n 1+n ⎠
a6 = −14.7029
⎛ π +α ⎞
6⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎜ ⌠ 2 ⎟
⎮ ⎛ π⎞
b6 := ⎜
⋅ ⎮ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟ ⋅ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜⎮ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎟ b6 = 50.9322
⎜ +α
⌡ π ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

b6 := ⋅⎜
( )
−6⋅ 3⋅ Vm ⎛ sin α 1 − sin α 2
+
( )
sin β 1 − sin β 2 ⎞
⎟
( ) ( )
π ⎝ 1−n 1+n ⎠
b6 = 50.9322

R + ( n⋅ ω ⋅ L)
2 2
Z6 :=
Z6 = 15.0967

2 2
a6 + b6
I6 :=
2⋅ Z6 I6 = 2.483

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-37
Prob 10-30

rad 220
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 220𝐼𝐼, f = 60Hz, ω = 2π × 60 = 377 , R = 20Ω, Vs = = 127 V, 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = √2 × 127
s √3
= 179.6 𝐼𝐼
From Eq.(10.24),
3 × 179.6
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = = 142.44
377 × 0.01

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 (𝐼𝐼) = 142.44 [sin(𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝐼𝐼/6) − sin 45°]

The current will be maximum when (𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝐼𝐼/6) = 𝐼𝐼/2 and peak circulating current is

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 142.44 × (1 − 0.707) = 41.73𝐼𝐼

At (𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝐼𝐼/6) = 3𝐼𝐼/2,
𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛 = 142.44 × (−1 − 0.707) = −243.15 𝐴𝐴

220√2
The peak load current, 𝐼𝐼𝑝𝑝 = 20
= 15.56 𝐴𝐴

Prob 10-31

α 1⋅ π
α 1 := 30 α := α = 0.5236
180
−3
R := 2.5 L := 1.5⋅ 10

f := 60 ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ 60 ω = 376.9911 1
T :=
f
Vs := 120 E := 10 Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.7056
1
2
Z := ⎡⎣ R + ( ω ⋅ L) ⎤⎦
2 2
Z = 2.5632

θ := atan ⎛⎜ ω ⋅ ⎟⎞
L θ
= 12.7455
⎝ R⎠ 180
π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-38
 Using Eq. (10.67) of 3rd edtion

⎡ ⎛ R ⎞ ⋅ ⎛ α −π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
( a) 2⋅ Vs ⎢ sin ( π − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω ⎠ ⎥ E
IL0 := ⋅⎢ ⎥−
Z ⎢ R ⎛ ⎞ π
− ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎥ R
⎢ ⎥
1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
L ω
⎣ ⎦
IL0 = 10.6071
⎛R⎞ ⎛α⎞
− ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎡ − ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
⎛R⎞ ⎛α⎞
E ⎢ IL1 = 7.6013
IL1 := IL0⋅ e ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω⎠ − ⋅⎣ 1 − e ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω⎠ ⎥
⎦
R
⎛ R ⎞⋅ ⎛ t ⎞
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ E ⎡⎢ − ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
−⎜
⎛R⎞ ⎛ t ⎞
ω ⎥
iL1 ( t) := IL0⋅ e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ − ⋅ ⎣ 1 − e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
L ω L
R Using Eq. (10.66) of 3rd edtion

⎛ R ⎞ ⋅ ⎛ α −t⎞
Vs ⎛ Vs ⎞ ⎜ L ⎟ ⎜ ω ⎟⎠ E
⋅ sin ( ω ⋅ t − θ ) + ⎜ IL1 + ⋅ sin ( α − θ ) ⎟ ⋅ e⎝ ⎠ ⎝
E
iL2 ( t) := 2⋅ − 2⋅ −
Z ⎝ R Z ⎠ R

( b) The average thyristor current can also be found as:

π
⌠ω
⎮ 1
IA := ⎮ ⋅ i ( t) dt
T L2
⎮ IA = 18.0196
⌡α
ω
( c) The rms thyristors current can be found as
1
2
⎛⎜ π ⎞⎟
⌠ω
⎜⎮ 1 2 ⎟
IR := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T IR = 29.9998
⎜⎮⌡α ⎟
⎜ ω ⎟
⎝ ⎠
( d) The rms output current can then be found by

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-39
 1
2
⎛⎜ α π
⎟⎞
⌠ω ⌠ω
⎜⎮ 2 2 ⎮ 2 2 ⎟
Irms := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL1 ( t) dt + ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T
⎮
T Irms = 42.6447
⎜ ⌡0 ⌡ α ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ω ⎠
The average output current can then be found by
( e)
⎛⎜ α π ⎞⎟
⌠ω ⌠ω
⎜⎮ 2 ⎮ 2 ⎟
Idc := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL1 ( t) dt + ⎮ ⋅ iL2 ( t) dt⎟
T T
⎜ ⌡0 ⎮ ⎟
⌡ α Idc = 37.7996
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ω ⎠

(f ) The crttical delay angle can then be found by

E
x := x = 0.0589
Vm

Guess α c := 0.1

Using Eq. (10.83) of 3rd edtion

Given
⎡⎢ ⎛ α c−π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎥
⎢ sin ( π − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e⎝ tan (θ ) ⎠ ⎥
⎢ c
⎥ cos ( θ ) − x = 0
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞ ⎥
⎟
⎢ ⎝ tan ( θ ) ⎠ ⎥
Find ( α c) = 167.1382
180
⎣ 1−e ⎦
π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-40
 ⎡ ⎛ α −π ⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎝ tan ( z) ⎠ ⎥
( π − ) − ( α − ) ⋅
x ( α , z) := ⎢ ⎥ cos ( z)
sin z sin z e
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞ ⎥
⎢ ⎟ ⎥ Using Eq. (10.68) of 3rd edtion
1−e ⎝
tan ( z) ⎠
⎣ ⎦
Boundary Discontinuous/Continuous Region
0.8

0.72

0.64

0.56
Load Voltage Ratio

0.48
x ( α , z)
0.4

0.32

0.24

0.16

0.08

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Load Impedance Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-41
 1
Vn ( z) := ( 1 + cos ( z) ) ⋅
2

0.9

0.8
Nomalized Output Voltage

0.7

0.6

Vn ( z) 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.2 2.51 2.83 3.14
z
Delay Angle, radians

Prob 10-32
α 1⋅ π
α 1 := 30 α := α = 0.5236
180
−3
R := 2.5 R = 2.5 L := 4.5⋅ 10 L = 0.0045

f := 60 1
ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ 60 ω = 376.9911 T :=
f
Vs := 120 E := 10 Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.7056
1
2
Z := ⎡⎣ R + ( ω ⋅ L) ⎤⎦
2 2
Z = 3.0213

θ := atan ⎛⎜ ω ⋅ ⎟
L⎞ θ
180 = 34.1602
⎝ R⎠ π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-42
 Using Eq. (10.9)

( a) ⎡ − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
R ⎛π ⎞
2⋅ Vs −sin ( α − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω ⎠ ⎥ E
⎢
IL0 := ⋅⎢ ⎥−
Z ⎢ R ⎛ π
− ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎞ ⎥ R
⎢ ⎥ I = 0.1552
1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
L ω
⎣ ⎦ L0
⎡ − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎤
R ⎛π ⎞
2⋅ Vs ⎢ −sin ( α − θ ) − sin ( α − θ ) ⋅ e ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ ω ⎠ ⎥ V
X := ⋅⎢ ⎥ − 2⋅ s ⋅ sin ( α − θ )
Z ⎢ R ⎛π ⎞
− ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎥ Z
⎢ ⎥
1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
L ω
⎣ ⎦
⎛ R ⎞ ⋅ ⎛ α −t⎞
Vs ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
iL ( t) := 2⋅ ⋅ sin ( ω ⋅ t − θ ) + X⋅ e⎝ L⎠ ⎝ω ⎠ E
−
Z R

( b) The average thyristor current can also be found from

( α +π )
⌠ ω
⎮ 1
IA := ⎮ ⋅ i ( t) dt
T L IA = 16.7127
⎮
⌡α
ω
( c) The rms thyristors current can be found from
1
2
⎛⎜ α +π ⎞⎟
⌠ ω
⎜⎮ 1 2 ⎟
IR := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL ( t) dt⎟
T IR = 26.3146
⎜⎮⌡α ⎟
⎜ ω ⎟
⎝ ⎠
( d) The rms output current can then be found by

Irms := IR⋅ 2 Irms = 37.2144

( e) The average output current can then be found by

Idc := IA⋅ 2 Idc = 33.4254

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-43
 ( f ) The crttical delay angle can then be found by

E
x := x = 0.0589
Vm

Using Eq. (10.10)

⎡ ⎛ π ⎞
−⎜ ⎟ ⎤
⎢ ( ) ⎥
1−e ⎝
tan θ ⎠
α c := θ − asin ⎢ ⋅
x ⎥
⎢ ⎛ π ⎞ cos ( θ ) ⎥ 180α c
−⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎝ tan ( θ ) ⎠ ⎥ = 30.1557
⎣ 1 + e ⎦ π

⎡ ⎛ π ⎞
−⎜ ⎟ ⎤
⎢ ⎝ tan ( z) ⎠ ⎥
−
α c ( z) := z − asin ⎢ ⎥
1 e x
⋅ ( 10 − 14)
⎢ ⎛
−⎜
π ⎞ cos ( z) ⎥
⎢ ⎟ ⎥
⎝ tan ( z) ⎠
⎣1 + e ⎦

1.4

1.2
Crtitical Angle, radians

0.8
α c ( z)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
z
Load Impedance Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-44
 Vn ( z) := cos ( z) ( 10 − 6)

0.5
Nomalized Output Voltage

Vn ( z) 0

0.5

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
z
Delay Angle, radians

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-45
 Using Eq. (10.21)

⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ α −y ⎞
⎛
Vs Vs ⎞ ⎜⎝ L ⎟⎠ ⋅ ⎜⎝ ⎟
ω ⎠ E
iL ( y) := 2⋅ ⋅ sin ( y − θ ) + ⎜ IL0 + − 2⋅ ⋅ sin ( α − θ ) ⎟ ⋅ e
E
−
Z ⎝ R Z ⎠ R

100

90

80

70
Output current

60

i L ( y) 50

40

30

20

10

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
y
Delay Angle, radians

Prob 10-33

α 1⋅ π
α 1 := 30 α := α = 0.5236
180
−3
R := 1.5 R = 1.5 L := 1.5⋅ 10 L = 0.0015
1
f := 60 ω := 2⋅ π ⋅ 60 ω = 376.9911 T :=
f

VL := 208 E := 0 Vm := 2⋅ VL Vm = 294.1564
E
x := x=0
Vm

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-46
 1
2
Z := ⎡⎣ R + ( ω ⋅ L) ⎤⎦
2 2
Z = 1.6031

⎛ L⎞ θ
( a) θ := atan ⎜⎝ ω ⋅ R ⎟⎠ 180 = 20.656
π Using Eq. (10.21)

⎡ ⎛R⎞ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤
⎢ ⎛ 2⋅ π ⎞ ⎛π
− ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎞ ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ 3ω ⎠
2⋅ VL ⎢ sin ⎜ 3 + α − θ⎟ − sin ⎜ 3 + α − θ⎟ ⋅ e ⎥
IL1 := ⋅⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥−E
Z ⎢ R ⎛ π ⎞
− ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ R
⎢ 1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
L 3ω ⎥
IL1 = 139.9334
⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎛R⎞ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤
⎢ ⎛ 2⋅ π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ 3⋅ ω ⎠ ⎥
− ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟
2⋅ VL ⎢ sin ⎜ 3 + α − θ⎟ − sin ⎜ 3 + α − θ⎟ ⋅ e ⎥
X1 := ⋅⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
Z ⎢ ⎛ R⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
− ⎜ ⎟⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢ 1−e ⎝ ⎠ ⎝
L 3⋅ ω ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
X2 := − 2⋅
VL
⎛π ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ + α − θ⎟ X := X1 + X2
Z ⎝3 ⎠
⎛ π +α ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ ⎞ ⋅ ⎜ 3 −t⎟
R
VL ⎜ ⎟
iL ( t) := 2⋅ ⋅ sin ( ω ⋅ t − θ ) + X⋅ e⎝L⎠ ⎝ ω ⎠ −
E
Z R
( b) The average thyristor current can also be found from Equation 3-6 as:

⎛ 2⋅ π +α ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⌠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
⎮ ω
2
IA := ⎮ ⋅ i ( t) dt
⎮ T L IA = 54.059
⎮π
⌡ 3 +α
ω

( c) The rms thyristors current can be found using Equation 3-6

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-47
 1
2
⎛ 2π +α ⎞
⎜ 3 ⎟
⎜⌠ ω ⎟
⎜⎮ 2 2 ⎟
IR := ⎜ ⎮ ⋅ iL ( t) dt⎟
⎮ T
⎜⎮ π ⎟ IR = 93.809
⎜⌡ 3 + α ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ω ⎠
( d) The rms output current can then be found by

Irms := IR⋅ 3
Irms = 162.4819
( e) The average output current can then be found by

Idc := IA⋅ 3 Idc = 162.1769

( f ) The crttical delay angle can then be found by

Guess

α c := 0.1

Using Eq. (10.22)

Given
⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
⎢ ⎛ 2⋅ π ⎞ − sin ⎛ + α − θ⎞ ⋅ e ⎝ 3 tan ( θ ) ⎠ ⎥
π
−⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎜
sin + α c − θ ⎟ ⎜ c ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎥ cos ( θ ) − x = 0
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞
⎟ ⎥
⎢ ( ) ⎥
1−e ⎝ ⎠
3 tan θ
⎣ ⎦ 180
π
( )
Find α c = 77.4751

⎡⎢ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
⎞ − sin ⎛ + α − z⎞ ⋅ e ⎝ 3 tan ( z) ⎟⎠ ⎥
−⎜
⎛ 2 ⋅ π π
⎢ ⎜
sin + α − z⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
x ( α , z) := ⎢ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎥ cos ( z)
⎢ −⎜
⎛ π ⎞
⎟ ⎥ ( 10 − 32)
⎢ 1−e ⎝ 3 tan ( z) ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers
Page # 10-48
 Boundary Discontinuous/Continuous Region
0.5

0.4
Load Voltage Ratio

0.3
x ( α , z)

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.31 0.63 0.94 1.26 1.57
z
Load Impedance Angle, radians

Prob 10-34

Vm := 170 π
β :=
3
Using Eq. (10.37) of 3rd edtion
⎛ β ⎞ 2Vm
Vdc := sin ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ Vdc = 54.1127
⎝ 2⎠ π
Using Eq. (10.38) of 3rd edtion

β + sin ( β ) Vm
Vrms := ⋅
π Vrms = 93.8084
2

Is1 :=
2⋅ 2 ⎛β⎞
sin ⎜ ⎟ Is1 = 0.4502
π ⎝ 2⎠
β
Is := Is = 0.5774
π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-49
 2
⎛ Is ⎞
HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 80.3078
⎝ Is1 ⎠

DF := 1 DF = 1

Is1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.7797 ( lagging)
Is

PF ( z) :=
2⋅ 2 ⎛z⎞
sin ⎜ ⎟
z⋅ π ⎝ 2⎠

1
Power Factor

PF ( z) 0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
z
Conduction Angle, radians

Prob 10-35
π
Vs. := 120 f := 60 β := Ia := 1
3
n := 1
Vm := Vs 2 Vm = 169.7056

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-50
 Using Eq. (10.35) of 3rd edtion
Vm
⋅ ( 1 + cos ( β ) )
( a) Vdc :=
π Vdc = 81.0285
Using Eq. (10.36) of 3rd edtion

Vm ⎡ 1 ⎛ sin ( 2⋅ β ) ⎞ ⎤
Vrms := ⋅⎢ ⋅ ⎜π − β + ⎟⎥
π ⎝ Vrms = 107.6326
2 ⎣ 2 ⎠⎦
Idc := 0

Ia ⎛ ⌠ π −β ⌠
2π −β ⎞
⎜
a1 := ⋅ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⌡0 ⌡π ⎟
⎝ ⎠ a1 = 0.5513

−2⋅ Ia
a1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ cos ⎛ 3π − β ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ a1 = 0.5513
nπ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

Ia ⎛ ⌠ π −β ⌠
2π −β ⎞
⎜
b1 := ⋅ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⌡0 ⌡π ⎟
⎝ ⎠ b1 = 0.9549

b1 :=
Ia
⎡ ⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎡n⋅ ⎛ 3π − β ⎞⎤ ⎤
⋅ ⎢ 1 − cos ( n⋅ π ) − 2⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ b1 = 0.9549
π ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ ⎦

2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 1.1027
C1
I1 :=
2 I1 = 0.7797

β
Is := Ia⋅ 1 −
π Is = 0.8165
⎛ a1 ⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜ ⎟ 180
b1
⎝ ⎠ φ 1⋅ = 30
π
2
⎛ Is ⎞
( a) HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 31.0842
⎝ I1 ⎠
Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers
Page # 10-51
 ( b) DF := cos −φ 1 ( ) DF = 0.866

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.827 ( lagging)
Is

Prob 10-36
π
Vs. := 120 f := 60 β := Ia := 1
3
n := 1
Vm := Vs 2 Vm = 169.7056
Using Eq. (10.35) of 3rd edtion
Vm
⋅ ( 1 + cos ( β ) )
( a) Vdc :=
π Vdc = 81.0285
Using Eq. (10.36) of 3rd edtion
Vm ⎡ 1 ⎛ sin ( 2⋅ β ) ⎞ ⎤
Vrms := ⋅⎢ ⋅ ⎜π − β + ⎟⎥
2 ⎣ π ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ Vrms = 107.6326

Idc := 0

Ia ⎛ ⌠ π −β ⌠
2π −β ⎞
⎜
a1 := ⋅ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⌡0 ⌡π ⎟
⎝ ⎠ a1 = 0.5513
−2⋅ Ia
a1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ cos ⎛ 3π − β ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ a1 = 0.5513
nπ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

Ia ⎛ ⌠ π −β ⌠
2π −β ⎞
⎜
b1 := ⋅ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ − ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⌡0 ⌡π ⎟
⎝ ⎠ b1 = 0.9549
Ia ⎡
b1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎡n⋅ ⎛ 3π − β ⎞⎤ ⎤
⋅ ⎢ 1 − cos ( n⋅ π ) − 2⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ b1 = 0.9549
π ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ ⎦

2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 1.1027
C1
I1 := I1 = 0.7797
2

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-52
 β
Is := Ia⋅ 1 −
π Is = 0.8165

⎛ a1 ⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜ ⎟ 180
⎝ b1 ⎠ φ 1⋅ = 30
π
2
⎛ Is ⎞
( a) HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 31.0842
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) DF := cos −φ 1 ( ) DF = 0.866

( c) I1
PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.827 ( lagging)
Is
Prob 10-37

2⋅ π α
α := β := Ia := 1
3 2 β = 1.0472

Using Eq. (10.36)

Ia⋅ 2⋅ 2
I1 :=
⎛β⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ I1 = 0.4502
π ⎝ 2⎠
β
Is := Ia⋅
π Is = 0.5774
φ 1 := 0

2
⎛ Is ⎞
( a) HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 80.3078
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) DF := cos φ 1 ( ) DF = 1
I1
( c) PF := ⋅ DF PF = 0.78 ( lagging)
Is

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-53
 Prob 10-38

π
α := π β = 1.0472
6 β := −α Ia := 1 Idc := 0
3

⎛ π +β π
+β ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 2 ⎟
Ia
a11 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ + ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ π⎮ ⎮ ⎟
⎜⌡ ⌡π ⎟ a11 = 0.0739
⎝ 6 2 ⎠
⎛ 7π +β 3π
+β ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 2 ⎟
Ia
a1 := a11 − ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ + ⎮ cos ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ 7π
⎮ ⎮ ⎟ a1 = 0.1477
⎜ ⌡ ⌡3π ⎟
⎝ 6 2 ⎠
8⋅ Ia
a1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎛ n⋅ β ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎡n⋅ ⎛ 5⋅ π +
⋅ sin ⎜
β ⎞⎤ ⎛ n⋅ π ⎞
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⋅ cos ⎜ ⎟
nπ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 6 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 6 ⎠ a1 = 0.1477

⎛ π +β π
+β ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 2 ⎟
Ia
b11 := ⋅ ⎜ ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ + ⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ⎟
π ⎜ ⎮
π
⎮
π
⎟
⎜ ⌡ ⌡ ⎟ b11 = 0.2757
⎝ 6 2 ⎠
⎛ 7π +β 3π
+β ⎞
⎜⌠ 6 ⌠ 2 ⎟
Ia
b1 := b11 − ⋅
⎜⎮ sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ +
⎮
sin ( n⋅ θ ) dθ
⎟
π ⎜ ⎮ ⎮ ⎟ b1 = 0.5513
⎜ ⌡7π ⌡ 3π
⎟
⎝ 6 2 ⎠
8⋅ Ia
b1 :=
⎛ n⋅ π ⎞ ⋅ sin ⎛ n⋅ β ⎞ ⋅ cos ⎡n⋅ ⎛ 5⋅ π + β ⎞⎤ ⋅ cos ⎛ n⋅ π ⎞
⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎜ ⎟
nπ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 6 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 6 ⎠ b1 = −0.5513
⎛ a1 ⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜ ⎟ 180
⎝ b1 ⎠ φ 1⋅ = −15
π

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-54
 2 2
C1 := a1 + b1 C1 = 0.5708

C1
I1 := I1 = 0.4036
2

α
Is := Ia⋅ 4⋅
2⋅ π Is = 0.5774
⎛ a1 ⎞
φ 1 := atan ⎜ ⎟ 180
φ 1⋅ = −15
⎝ b1 ⎠ π
φ := π + φ 1 180
φ⋅ = 165
π
2
⎛ Is ⎞
( a) HF := ⎜ ⎟ − 1 100HF = 102.2901
⎝ I1 ⎠
( b) DF := cos ( φ ) DF = −0.9659 leading
I1
( c) PF := ⋅ DF PF = −0.675 ( leading)
Is

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-55
 Prob 10-39 Equations refer to the 3rd edition

(a) From Eq. (10-25), Vdc = 54.07 V

Using numerical integration, Vrms = 60.24 V
(b) From Eq. (10-28),
b1 = 1.2745, b2 = -0.3961, b3 = 0.4064, b4 = -0.2931,
b5 = 0.1486, b6 = -0.0345, b7 = 0, b8 = -0.0357, b9 = 0.0933, b10 =
-0.12375
I1 = Ia b1/√2 = 0.9012 Ia
Is = Ia [1.27452 + 0.39612 + 0.40642 + 0.29312 + 0.14862 + 0.03452 +
2 2 2 1/2
0.0357 + 0.0933 + 0.1237 ] = 1.021 Ia
HF = [(Is/I1)2 - 1]1/2 = 0.5325 or 53.25 %
(c) DF = 1.0
(d) PF = I1/Is = 0.8827 (lagging

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-56
 Prob 10-40 Equations refer to the 3rd edition

M = 0.8
(a) From Eq. (10-25), Vdc = 43.48 V
Using numerical integration, Vrms = 53.67 V
(b) From Eq. (10-28),
b1 = 1.0247, b2 = 0, b3 = 0.3591, b4 = 0, b5 = 0.2422, b6 = 0, b7 =
0.22085, b8 = 0, b9 = 0.3527, b10 = 0
I1 = Ia b1/√2 = 0.7246 Ia
Is = Ia [1.02472 + 0.35912 + 0.24222 + 0.22082 + 0.35272 ]1/2 = 0.8399 Ia
HF = [(Is/I1)2 - 1]1/2 = 0.5861 or 58.61 %
(c) DF = 1.0
(d) PF = I1/Is = 0.8627 (lagging)

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-57
Prob 10-41
−3
VL := 220 Idc := 150 Lc := 0.5⋅ 10 f := 60

VL
Vs := Vs = 127.0171 Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 179.6292
3
3⋅ Vm
Vdm := Vdm = 85.7666
2π

Vx := f ⋅ Idc⋅ Lc Vx = 4.5
π
( a) α := α = 0.5236
6
Guess
μ := 0.1
Using Eq. (10.49)
Given
⎛
6⋅ Vx − Vdm⋅ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎜
⎛ π + α ⎞ ⎞ + V ⋅ ⎛ 1 + cos ⎛ π + α + μ⎞ ⎞ = 0
⎟⎟ dm ⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠ ⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠

Find ( μ ) ⋅
180
= 19.3277
π
π
( b) α := α = 1.0472
3
Guess μ := 0.1
Using Eq. (10.49)
Given
⎛
6⋅ Vx − Vdm⋅ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎜
⎛ π + α ⎞ ⎞ + V ⋅ ⎛ 1 + cos ⎛ π + α + μ⎞ ⎞ = 0
⎟⎟ dm ⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠ ⎝ ⎝6 ⎠⎠

Find ( μ ) ⋅
180
= 18.3492
π
Prob 10-42
−3 π
IH := 200⋅ 10 td := 2.5⋅ 10
−6
α := −3
3 L := 8⋅ 10 R := 1.5

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-58
 VL
VL := 208 Vs := Vs = 120.0889 fs := 60
3

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.8313

V1 := 3 Vm⋅ sin ⎜ α +
⎛ π⎞
V1 = 294.1564
⎟
⎝ 6⎠

V1
di_dt := di_dt = 36769.5526
L
IH 6
t1 := t1⋅ 10 = 5.4393
di_dt
6
tG := t1 + td tG⋅ 10 = 7.9393 μs

Prob 10-43
−3 π
IH := 200⋅ 10 td := 2.5⋅ 10
−6
α := −3
3 L := 0⋅ 10 R := 1.5
VL
VL := 208 Vs :=
3 Vs = 120.0889 fs := 60

Vm := 2⋅ Vs Vm = 169.8313

V1 := 3 Vm⋅ sin ⎜ α +
⎛ π⎞
V1 = 294.1564
⎟
⎝ 6⎠

V1
di_dt := di_dt := infinity
L

IH
t1 := t1 := 0
di_dt

6
tG := t1 + td tG⋅ 10 = 2.5 μs

Chapter 10 - Controlled Rectifiers

Page # 10-59