DSE

New Senior Secondary

BIO MASTERING BIOLOGY
Mock Exam V
(Second Edition)
PAPER 1A

BIOLOGY PAPER 1
HKDSE MOCK EXAM V

Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes

This paper must be answered in English

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1 There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. You are advised to finish Section A in about 35 minutes.

2 Section A consists of multiple-choice questions in this question paper. Section B contains conventional
questions printed separately in Question-Answer Book B.

3 Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet while answers to Section B
should be written in the spaces provided in Question-Answer Book B. The Answer Sheet for Section A and
the Question-Answer Book B for Section B will be collected separately at the end of the examination.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)

1 Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet. After the announcement of the start of the examination,
you should first stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided. No extra time
will be given for sticking on the barcode label after the ‘Time is up’ announcement.

2 When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words ‘END OF
SECTION A’ after the last question.

3 All questions carry equal marks.

4 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You are advised to use an HB pencil to mark all the answers on the Answer
Sheet, so that wrong marks can be completely erased with a clean rubber. You must mark the answers clearly;
otherwise you will lose marks if the answers cannot be captured.

5 You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive
NO MARKS for that question.

6 No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

Not to be taken away before

the end of the examination
session
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -1-
 Oxford University Press 2014
There are 36 questions in this section.

The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the electron micrograph below, which shows some cells in a
blood smear.

1 What are cells X?

A red blood cells

B phagocytes
C lymphocytes
D blood platelets

2 What is the magnification of the electron micrograph?

A 500X
B 1000X
C 2000X
D 5000X

3 Which of the following statements about the properties of enzymes is incorrect?

A Enzymes provide activation energy to start a reaction. 

B The active sites of enzymes are substrate-specific.
C Being proteins, enzymes are denatured at high temperatures.
D Enzymes return to their original shapes after catalysing a reaction.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -2-
 Oxford University Press 2014
Directions: Questions 4 and 5 refer to an experiment carried out by Sally to find out which kinds of
fruits contain substances that prevent jelly from setting. She prepared four cups of jelly
as shown below and left them in the refrigerator for two days.

Did the jelly set

Cup Contents
after two days?
A Jelly solution only Yes
B Jelly solution + kiwi fruit pieces No
C Jelly solution + strawberry pieces Yes
D Jelly solution + pineapple pieces No

4 What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the experiment?

A Different fruits contain different substances that prevent jelly from setting.
B Fruits contain substances that prevent jelly from setting.
C Kiwi fruits contain a substance that prevents jelly from setting.
D Kiwi fruits and pineapples contain the same substance that prevents jelly from setting.

5 Which of the following correctly shows the independent variable and dependent variable in the
experiment?

Independent variable Dependent variable

A the type of fruit whether the jelly sets or not
B the type of fruit amount of jelly powder in the jelly solution
C whether the jelly sets or not the type of fruit
D whether the jelly sets or not amount of jelly powder in the jelly solution

6 Three cells, P, Q and R, were left in distilled water or 10% sucrose solution for 10 minutes. The
cells were then examined under the microscope. The appearance of the cells is shown below.

Which cell(s) had been placed in 10% sucrose solution?

A cell P only
B cell R only
C cell P and cell Q only
D cell Q and cell R only

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -3-
 Oxford University Press 2014
7 The diagrams below show a cell at different stages of cell division.
(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Crossing over is most likely to occur at

A stage (1).
B stage (2).
C stages (2) and (3).
D stages (3) and (4).

8 The table below shows the nutrition label of a carton of milk.

After a person drank the milk, digestion of the milk first took place in

A the mouth.
B the stomach.
C the duodenum.
D the ileum.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -4-
 Oxford University Press 2014
9 The diagram below shows part of the membrane of a red blood cell.

What is the most possible function of protein X?

A as a carrier to carry molecules across the membrane

B provides a channel for transporting molecules across the membrane
C as an antigen for cell recognition
D as a pigment for carrying oxygen

Directions: Questions 10 and 11 refer to the flow chart below, which shows the main processes
involved in human reproduction.

10 Which of the following types of cells have the highest percentage of cells carrying a
Y chromosome?

A sperm-producing cells
B sperms
C ovum-producing cells
D ova

11 What contraceptive methods can work by affecting processes (1) and (2) respectively?

(1) (2)
A tubal ligation diaphragm
B tubal ligation intrauterine device
C contraceptive pills diaphragm
D contraceptive pills intrauterine device

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -5-
 Oxford University Press 2014
12 The diagram below shows the structure of a typical animal cell.

Which labelled sub-cellular structure(s) is/are abundant in the epithelial cell on the inner wall of the
small intestine?

A Y only
B X and Y only
C Y and Z only
D X, Y and Z

13 The diagram below shows a set-up for comparing the carbon dioxide content in inhaled air and
exhaled air. The hydrogencarbonate indicator was red in colour at the beginning. A student breathed
deeply and slowly through the mouthpiece.

What is the colour of the indicator in tubes A and B after the student had breathed a few times
through the mouthpiece?

Tube A Tube B
A red red
B yellow purple
C purple yellow
D red yellow

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -6-
 Oxford University Press 2014
Directions: Questions 14 and 15 refer to the graph below, which shows the net amounts of
oxygen given out and absorbed by a field of grass during a 24-hour period.

14 During which time period(s) is the amount of oxygen produced by the grass more than that used by
the grass?

A PQ and VW

B QV
C RU
D ST

15 During which time period(s) is the grass respiring?

A PW
B PQ and VW
C PR and UW
D RU

16 Which of the following events does not involve the cerebrum?

A Feeling pain after pricking a finger on a sharp needle

B Reading a book
C Pupil constriction
D Smelling a flower

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -7-
 Oxford University Press 2014
17 The diagram below shows an experiment carried out to study the growth of coleoptiles.

Which of the following can be concluded from the results?

A The tips are necessary for the growth of the coleoptiles.

B Auxins are produced from the tips of the coleoptiles.
C Auxins cannot be transported laterally.
D The sides with a higher concentration of auxins grow more rapidly.

18 The diagrams below show a seed and a foetus in the uterus.

Seed Foetus in uterus

Which of the following pairs of structures serve similar functions?

A M and Y
B N and X
C N and Z
D O and Z

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -8-
 Oxford University Press 2014
19 The diagram below shows the chromosomes of an animal cell at the prophase of mitosis.

What are the diploid number and haploid number of this animal?

Diploid number Haploid number

A 4 2
B 8 4
C 8 16
D 16 8

20 Diagram I shows a man riding a bicycle. Diagram II shows the muscles in his left leg when he is
standing upright.

Diagram I Diagram II

Which muscles in the man’s left leg are contracting in Diagram I?

A muscles 1 and 2 only

B muscles 1 and 4 only
C muscles 2 and 3 only
D muscles 3 and 4 only

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A -9-
 Oxford University Press 2014
21 Tissue culture can be used for artificial propagation of plants. In this method, a sample of cells is
taken from a plant and grown in a nutrient medium to new plants. From which of the following
floral parts should cells be taken in tissue culture to produce new plants that are genetically
identical to the parent plant?

(1) pollen grains

(2) ovules
(3) ovary wall

A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 22 and 23 refer to the diagram below, which shows some processes in the
nitrogen cycle.

22 Which of the labelled processes involve actions of microorganisms?

A I, II and III only

B II, III and IV only
C II, IV and V only
D I, IV and V only

23 What kind of organisms is responsible for carrying out process IV?

A producer
B primary consumer
C secondary consumer
D decomposer

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 10 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
24 Certain eye defects can be corrected by laser surgery. The diagram below shows the front part of
an eye. The part of cornea to be removed by laser beam is indicated.

Which of the following eye defects can be corrected by the removal of part of the cornea shown?

A short sight
B long sight
C cataract
D colour blindness

25 The diagram below shows a food web.

What is/are the relationship(s) between organisms P and Q?

(1) predation
(2) mutualism
(3) competition

A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

26 The anticodon on a tRNA that carries the amino acid serine is AGU. What is the corresponding
triplet code on the coding strand of DNA?

A AGT
B AGU
C TCA
D UCA

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 11 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
27 Which of the following statements about DNA is/are correct?

(1) There are four types of nucleotides in DNA.

(2) The numbers of nitrogenous bases A and T in one strand of DNA are the same.
(3) All organisms have their DNA enclosed in the nucleus.

A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 28 and 29 refer to the diagram below, which shows the concentration of
substance X in a person’s blood. The person was infected by the same pathogen two
times within 80 days. The numbers of pathogens entering the body in the two
infections were the same.

28 Which of the following is most probably substance X?

A antigen
B pathogen
C antibiotic
D antibody

29 Which of the following statements about the immune response of the person is correct?

A The person had been exposed to this pathogen before.

B Memory B cells divided and differentiated rapidly in day 55.
C It took 55 days for the body to develop immune response to the pathogen.
D The concentration of substance X will remain high for the rest of the person’s life.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 12 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
30 The table below shows the blood glucose level of a healthy person in a morning. The person had
his breakfast at 7:00.

Time 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00

Blood glucose level

138 138 212 184 200
(mg per 100 mL blood)

Which of the following correctly shows the cause of the change in blood glucose level between
7:00–9:00 and 9:00–11:00?

Time period Cause

A 7:00 – 9:00 More insulin was secreted.
B 7:00 – 9:00 Glucose absorbed entered the blood.
C 9:00 – 11:00 More glucagon was secreted.
D 9:00 – 11:00 Glucose was excreted in urine.

31 The number of people infected with malaria in a country has increased in recent years. Which of
the following are possible causes of this?

(1) Immigrants from other countries increased.

(2) Mosquitoes became resistant to insecticides.
(3) Malaria parasites became resistant to antibiotics.

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

32 Which of the following statements about fossils is/are correct?

(1) Fossils can only be found in areas with sedimentary rocks.

(2) Fossil records provide information about the time of existence of organisms.
(3) Dinosaur footprints are not considered fossils as they do not contain any body part of the
dinosaurs.

A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 13 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
33 The graph below shows the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis of
a plant at two different light intensities.

What is the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X and point Y?

Point X Point Y
A light intensity carbon dioxide concentration
B carbon dioxide concentration light intensity
C temperature light intensity
D carbon dioxide concentration temperature

34 The following are some processes in respiration or photosynthesis. Which of them produce ATP?

(1) Krebs cycle

(2) Calvin cycle
(3) glycolysis
(4) oxidative phosphorylation

A (1) and (2) only

B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only

35 According to Darwin’s theory, under the action of natural selection,

A simple organisms are eliminated.

B organisms pass on acquired characters to their offspring.
C organisms change their structures to fit the environment.
D organisms best suited to the environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 14 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
36 The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a characteristic in a family. The characteristic is
controlled by a pair of alleles on an autosome.

Which individuals must be heterozygous for this characteristic?

A 5 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 3 and 4 only
D 1, 2 and 5 only

– END OF SECTION A –

Go on to Question-Answer Book B for questions on Section B

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 15 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section A - 16 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 DSE
BIO
Mock Exam V
B Please stick the barcode label here.
Candidate Number

PAPER 1B

New Senior Secondary

MASTERING BIOLOGY
(Second Edition)

BIOLOGY PAPER 1
HKDSE MOCK EXAM V

SECTION B: Question-Answer Book B

This paper must be answered in English

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B

1 After the announcement of the start of the examination, you

should first write your Candidate Number in the space
provided on Page 17 and stick barcode labels in the spaces
provided on Pages 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33.

2 Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the Question

Paper for Section A.

3 Answer ALL questions.

4 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question-

Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. Answers written in
the margins will not be marked.

5 Supplementary answer sheets will be supplied on request.

Write your Candidate Number, mark the question number box
and stick a barcode label on each sheet, and fasten them with
string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.

6 Present your answers in paragraphs wherever appropriate.

7 The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to

scale.

8 No extra time will be given to candidates for sticking on the

barcode labels or filling in the question number boxes after the

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 17 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

SECTION B
Answer ALL questions. Put your answers in the spaces provided.

1 For each cell structure listed in column 1, select from column 2 one phrase that correctly
describes its property or function. Put the appropriate letter in the space provided. (3 marks)

Column 1 Column 2

Vitamin C ________ A A component of the pigment in red blood cells

B Lipid-soluble

Vitamin D ________ C Easily destroyed when exposed to oxygen

D Needed to prevent night blindness

Iron ________ E A component of bone; important for keeping bones

strong

2 Influenza is a common respiratory disease caused by a virus.

a Describe how influenza is transmitted from one person to another. (2 marks)

b State one way in which we can reduce the chance of catching influenza. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 18 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

c After the virus enters our body, our body will produce antibodies to act against the virus.
Describe how the entering of the virus triggers the production of antibodies to act
against the virus. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 19 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

3 The diagram below shows the structures in the thoracic cavity of humans.

a i Using letters in the diagram, list the structures that are involved in bringing
about breathing actions. (1
mark)

ii Does the diagram show the condition of inhalation or exhalation? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)

b Describe two adaptive features of structure R for gas exchange. (4 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 20 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

4 The graph below shows the change in the mass of DNA in a cell which undergoes a certain
type of cell division. W is the stage before cell division begins. X and Y are intermediate
stages of cell division. Z is the last stage of cell division.

a Explain why the mass of DNA changes between

i stages W and X. (1
mark)

ii stages X and Y. (1
mark)

b i Which type of cell division does the cell undergo? Give an evidence provided
by the graph. (1
mark)

ii Suggest one type of cell in the human body that can undergo the type of cell
division in b i. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 21 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 22 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

5 A student studied the distribution of a species of Mimosa on a piece of grassland. The
diagram below shows the sampling method he used.

a Name the sampling method shown in the diagram above. (1 mark)

b What kind of data can be obtained from the sampling method in a but not from
using the transect alone?
(1 mark)

c State one limitation of the sampling method in a. (1

mark)

d Mimosa is a leguminous plant. What is the importance of Mimosa in the nitrogen

cycle? (3
marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 23 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 24 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

6 The photograph below shows the flower of a crop plant.

a State one observable feature from the photograph that indicates it is an insect-pollinated
flower. (1 mark)

b The crop plant can self-pollinate.

i Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of this characteristic to the
farmer.
(2 marks)

ii What can the farmer do to prevent self-pollination of this crop plant? (1

mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 25 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

7 An experiment was carried out to study osmosis in potato tissues. Potato cylinders of the
same size were weighed and then put into sucrose solutions of different concentrations for
two hours. The cylinders were then taken out, blotted dry and weighed again. The ratios of
initial mass to final mass of the cylinders were calculated.
The graph below shows the results of the experiment.

a Were the sucrose solution at the following concentrations hypotonic, isotonic or

hypertonic to the potato cells? Explain briefly.
i 0.1 M (2 marks)

ii 0.3 M (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 26 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

b Describe and explain the state of the potato cells when the potato cylinders were
put in 0.5 M sucrose solution. (2
marks)

c What is the advantage of presenting the experimental results as a ratio of the initial
mass to final mass of the potato cylinders?
(1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 27 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

8 Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting nerves in the central nervous system, causing
problems in muscular movement, body balance and vision. It occurs when the myelin sheath
is damaged by an attack from the immune system. The diagrams below show a normal
neurone and a neurone with multiple sclerosis.

a Name the part of the neurone that is surrounded by myelin sheath. (1 mark)

b State the functions of the myelin sheath. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 28 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

c How may nerve impulse transmission be affected when the myelin sheath is damaged?
(1 mark)

d Testing the knee jerk reflex is one of the diagnostic tests for multiple sclerosis. People
suffering from multiple sclerosis may show weak, absent or excessive responses.
i Describe how the test of knee jerk reflex is carried out. (2 marks)

ii Complete the diagram below to show the nervous pathway of the knee jerk reflex.
Label your drawings and use arrows to show the direction of nerve impulse
transmission. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 29 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

9 A student used the following set-up to find out the rates of transpiration of a leafy shoot under
different environmental conditions.

He measured the movement of the air bubble in an hour when the fan was off. He then turned
on the fan and repeated the experiment. The table below shows his results.

Initial position of air bubble Final position of air bubble

Fan off 1 cm 2.8 cm

Fan on 1.1 cm 5.3 cm

a What is the use of the syringe with dye solution? (1

mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 30 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

b Calculate the rates of transpiration (in mm/min) of the leafy shoot when the fan
was off and on. (2
marks)

c Explain the difference in the rates of transpiration in b. (3 marks)

d What assumption was made when this set-up was used for finding out the rate of
transpiration? (2 marks)

e After all the measurement was made, the student cut the leafy shoot at X. In the
following diagram, label and shade the part which was stained with dye solution.
(2
marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 31 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 32 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

10 In 1865, Mendel performed an experiment on garden pea plants. Two groups of purebred
garden pea plants, one has a height of 185–230 cm (tall plant) and the other has a height of
25–50 cm (short plant), were crossed. He then allowed the first generation plants produced
(F1 generation) to self-pollinate to produce the second generation (F 2 generation). The flow
chart below summarizes the results of his experiment.

a Explain, with Mendel’s law of inheritance, why all the plants in F1 generation are
tall. (4
marks)

b In the 19th century, many scientists believed the Blending Theory which stated that
parental traits were mixed in the offspring.
i Do the results of Mendel’s experiment support the Blending Theory? Explain
your answer. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 33 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

ii Mendel published the results of his experiment but it was ignored by other
scientists at his time. Suggest two reasons for this. (2 marks)

c A student performed an experiment, that is similar to Mendel’s experiments using a

different plant species. Two groups of plants, one has a height of 56–60 cm (tall plant)
and the other has a height of 21–25 cm (short plant), were crossed. The graph below
shows the height of the plants in the F1 generation.

Describe how the results of this experiment differ from that of Mendel’s experiment.
Suggest a reason for the difference. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 34 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Please stick the barcode label here.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

11 An experiment was carried out to study respiration in yeast. A suspension of yeast cells was
cultured in glucose solution. The graph below shows the changes in the density of the yeast
cell suspension and the concentrations of glucose and ethanol over time.

a i Is ethanol a product of aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration in yeast?

(1 mark)

ii Name another product of the process in a i. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 35 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

b Explain the changes in glucose concentration in the first 10 hours with reference to
changes in ethanol concentration and the density of yeast cell suspension. (4
marks)

c Suggest a reason for changes in the density of yeast cell suspension between 15 and
30 hours after the experiment had started. (2
marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 36 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

12 Phagocytes are a group of white blood cells that engulf and digest foreign particles found in
the blood. Describe how the sub-cellular structures of phagocytes are adapted for such
functions. (10 marks)

– END OF PAPER –

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 1 Section B - 37 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
DSE
BIO
Mock Exam V
New Senior Secondary
PAPER 2 MASTERING BIOLOGY
(Second Edition)

BIOLOGY PAPER 2
HKDSE MOCK EXAM V

Time allowed: 1 hour

This paper must be answered in English

INSTRUCTIONS

1 There are FOUR sections, A, B, C and D in this Paper. Attempt ALL questions in any TWO sections.

2 Write your answers in the Answer Book. Start each question (not part of a question) on a new page.

3 Present your answers in paragraphs wherever appropriate.

4 Illustrate your answers with diagrams wherever appropriate.

5 The diagrams in this Paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

Not to be taken away before

the end of the examination
session

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 38 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
SECTION A Human Physiology: Regulation and Control
Answer ALL parts of the question.

1 a The amount of water reabsorbed in the kidney tubules is controlled by the antidiuretic
hormone (ADH).

i State how ADH controls the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidney tubules.
(2 marks)

ii Mr Lee drank 0.5 L of water when he was at rest. The table below shows the changes
in the concentration of ADH in Mr Lee’s blood after drinking.

Time (h) Concentration of ADH in blood (arbitrary unit)

0
12.6
(water intake)
0.5 11.0

1 4.6

1.5 5.5

2 8.6

2.5 12.6

3 12.6

(1) Plot a graph to show the changes in the concentration of ADH in Mr Lee’s blood
as shown in the table above. (3 marks)

(2) Explain the changes in the concentration of ADH in the table above. (4 marks)

iii Miss Wong got a genetic disease. Her kidney tubules do not respond to ADH. What
health problems would result from the disease? (1 mark)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 39 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
1 b The diagrams below show the changes in concentrations of four hormones in the blood
during the menstrual cycle. Ovulation occurs on day 14.

Some of these hormones can be used to produce fertility drugs. A doctor is going to
prescribe fertility drugs to three infertile women (X, Y and Z). The causes of infertility of
the women are listed below.

Woman Cause of infertility

X Uterine environment does not allow implantation to occur

Y Fails to produce mature ova
Z Fails to ovulate

i State which of the hormones might be used to treat infertility in women X, Y and Z
respectively. Explain your answer. (6 marks)

ii Taking fertility drugs may increase the chance of multiple births. Why? (2 marks)

iii Among hormones A, B, C and D, two of them can also be used to produce
contraceptive pills. What are they? Describe how they can prevent pregnancy.
(2 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 40 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
SECTION B Applied Ecology
Answer ALL parts of the question.

2 a Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.

Air Quality Health Index

To reflect the health effect of air pollution more effectively, the Air Pollution Index
(API) was replaced by the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) from 30 December 2013.

AQHIs are reported on a scale of 1 to 10 and 10+ in ascending degree of health risk.
They are calculated based on the health risks of four air pollutants, namely ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, sulphur dioxide and RSPs, at different concentrations. The AQHI informs the
public of the short-term health risk of air pollution and helps the public, especially those
with heart or respiratory diseases, take precautionary actions when necessary.

i Which two air pollutants constituting the AQHI are acidic gases? Describe their effects
on human health. (4 marks)

ii On the days with serious AQHI, the sky may be covered in smog.

(1) How do the air pollutants constituting the AQHI contribute to the formation of
smog? (2 marks)

(2) Suggest two precautionary actions that people with heart or respiratory diseases
should take on the days with serious AQHI. (2 marks)

iii Suggest two ways to reduce the concentrations of the air pollutants constituting the
AQHI. (2 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 41 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
2 b The diagram below shows a food web in an ecosystem along the coastline in the United
States.

i Identify the quaternary consumer(s) in the food web. (1 mark)

ii A food chain rarely consists of more than five trophic levels. Why? (2 marks)

iii The aquatic environment of the ecosystem above was found to be contaminated with
DDT. DDT was a stable and persistant pesticide used by farmers on farmlands. Which
organism in the above food web may contain the highest concentration of DDT in its
body? Explain breifly. (4 marks)

iv Apart from pesticides, state another group of chemicals used in farming that can cause
chemical pollution of the aquatic environment. Describe its effect. (3 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 42 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
SECTION C Microorganisms and Humans
Answer ALL parts of the question.

3 a A researcher carried out an experiment to study the oxygen requirements for the growth of
three species of microorganisms (X, Y and Z). She prepared three identical test tubes half-
filled with sterile nutrient broth and added the following substances to each of them:
 a reducing agent which can reduce dissolved oxygen to water.
 a dye which changes from colourless to pink in the presence of oxygen.

The researcher then inoculated microorganisms X, Y and Z into the three test tubes
respectively. After plugging the mouths of the test tubes with cotton wool, she incubated the
test tubes at 30 °C for 24 hours. The diagram below shows the results.

i Why did the researcher add the reducing agent and the dye to the nutrient broth?
(2 marks)

ii Describe and explain one aseptic technique used in inoculating a sample of

microorganism X from a liquid culture to the test tube of nutrient broth. (2 marks)

iii From the results, deduce the oxygen requirement of each species of the
microorganisms. Give a reason for each answer. (6 marks)

iv Certain anaerobic bacteria can infect us through a wound and produce toxins harmful
to our health. Such infections may be treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This
involves a few daily sessions during which the whole body is exposed to oxygen at
high atmospheric pressure in a chamber for 150 minutes. Suggest how the therapy may
be useful in treating such infections. (2 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 43 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
3 b A bacterial culture is grown in a fermenter for the production of the amino acid lysine.
Glucose is used as the source of carbon.

i Urea is added to the culture medium for the production of lysine. Suggest a reason for
this. (1 mark)

ii During fermentation, it is necessary to cool the fermenter as the temperature increases.

(1) Why does the temperature increase? (1 mark)

(2) What is the reason for controlling the temperature? (1 mark)

iii The graph below shows the production of lysine by the bacteria in the fermenter.

Calculate the maximum hourly rate of lysine production. Show your working.
(2
marks)

iv The diagram below shows the metabolic pathways for the production of lysine and
another amino acid, threonine, in the bacteria.

A mutant strain of the bacteria does not produce the enzyme necessary for the
conversion of chemical Z to threonine. Give three reasons why this mutant strain is
more suitable for the industrial production of lysine. (3 marks)
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 44 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
SECTION D Biotechnology
Answer ALL parts of the question.

4 a The flow chart below shows a possible method to produce a calf with a high yield of milk.

i Explain why the calf produced using this method has a high yield of milk. (1 mark)

ii A body cell can be used instead of an ovum in step 2. Suggest an advantage of using an
ovum. (2 marks)

iii Suggest how several identical calves can be produced from the embryo formed in step
4. (2 marks)

iv Explain why it is difficult to produce a calf with a high yield of milk by allowing an
ovum of a cow with a high yield of milk to fuse with a sperm of a bull. (3 marks)

v Some people disagree with the production of calves using this method. State two
concerns these people have. (2 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 45 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
4 b A scientist extracted the following DNA samples from two ladybirds (P and Q):
Sample (1): extracted from the body cells of ladybird P
Sample (2): extracted from the body cells of ladybird Q
Sample (3): extracted from the gut contents of ladybird Q

Before analysing the DNA samples by DNA fingerprinting, the scientist performed
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the DNA samples.

i Explain why PCR is needed before performing DNA fingerprinting. (2 marks)

ii During PCR, DNA samples were mixed with nucleotides, DNA polymerase and
primers, and put into a thermal cycler. The reaction mixtures were exposed to cycles of
heating and cooling. The graph below shows the temperature change in one cycle.

(1) Describe what happened to the DNA samples at stages X, Y and Z. (3 marks)

(2) DNA of other organisms may be present in sample (3). Explain why only DNA of
ladybirds is amplified. (3 marks)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 46 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 iii The three DNA samples were then analysed by DNA fingerprinting. The diagram
below shows the DNA fingerprints obtained.

The scientist suggested that ladybird P is a prey of ladybird Q. Why? Explain with
reference to the DNA fingerprints above. (2 marks)

– END OF PAPER –

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Paper 2 - 47 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 Biology
HKDSE Mock Exam V
Answers
Paper 1 Section A

*Questions which are common items.

Question no. Answer Question no. Answer Question no. Answer
*1 B *13 D *25 C
*2 D *14 C 26 C
*3 A *15 A *27 A
*4 C *16 C 28 D
*5 A *17 D 29 B
*6 D 18 C *30 B
*7 A 19 B *31 A
*8 B 20 C *32 B
*9 C 21 B 33 D
*10 A 22 C 34 C
*11 D 23 D 35 D
*12 D *24 A *36 B

Paper 1 Section B
Question 1 is a common item.
1 C 1m
B 1m
A 1m

Question 2 (a and b) is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 2.

2 a Droplets containing viruses that cause influenza are expelled from an infected person when he talks,
coughs or sneezes. 1m
Transmission of influenza may occur when the droplets deposit on the mucous membrane of the eyes,
nose or mouth of another person. 1m
b Wash hands with liquid soap and water properly. /
Avoid going to crowded places. /
Maintain good ventilation. /
Receive influenza vaccines.
(or other reasonable answers) 1m
c The antigens on the virus activate the B cells in the blood. 1m
The activated B cells divide and differentiate into plasma cells. 1m
The plasma cells produce antibodies to act against the antigens on the virus. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 48 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Questions 3 and 4 are common items.
3 a i Structures S, T and U. 1m
ii Exhalation 1m
Because the diaphragm is dome-shaped. 1m
b The walls of structure R (air sacs) are made up of a layer of epithelium which is only one-cell thick. This
reduces the diffusion distance of gases. /
The walls of air sacs secrete a watery fluid which keeps the inner surface of the air sacs moist. This allows
gases in inhaled air to dissolve in the water film and diffuse across the walls of the air sacs. /
There are numerous capillaries surrounding the air sacs. This allows rapid transport of gases to and from
the air sacs. Therefore, a steep concentration gradient of gases between the air sacs and the blood can be
maintained for efficient diffusion of gases. /
The walls of air sacs are very close to the capillaries surrounding the air sacs. This reduces the diffusion
distance of gases.
(any 2) 2m  2

4 a i DNA replicates. / Chromosomes duplicate. 1m

ii The two members of each homologous pair of chromosomes separate and move into two different
cells. 1m
b i Meiotic cell division. The mass of DNA in the cell at the end of cell division is half of that in the cell
before cell division begins. 1m
ii Sperm-producing cell / ovum-producing cell / gamete-producing cell 1m

Question 5 (a, b and c) is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 5.

5 a Belt transect 1m
b The abundance of a certain species at different positions along a transect. 1m
c It cannot be used for sampling organisms that move rapidly. 1m
d Nitrogen fixing bacteria are present in the root nodules of Mimosa. 1m
The bacteria can convert nitrogen gas in soil air to ammonium compounds, which are then absorbed by
the plant for growth. 1m
This allows nitrogen to enter food chains. 1m

This is an item for Biology only.

6 a The petals are large / brightly-coloured. 1m
b i Advantage:
Pollination does not depend largely on external agents. 1m
Disadvantage:
The species is less adapted to changes in the environment as there are less genetic variations in the
offspring. 1m
ii Remove / cover the anthers. / Cover the stigmas. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 49 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Question 7 is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 6.
7 a i 0.1 M sucrose solution was hypotonic to the potato cells. 1m
The ratio of initial mass to final mass was less than 1.0. This shows that the final masses of the
cylinders were larger than the initial masses. The cylinders were put in a hypotonic solution and water
moved into the potato cells by osmosis. 1m
ii 0.3 M sucrose solution was isotonic to the potato cells. 1m
The ratio of initial mass to final mass was 1.0. This shows that the initial masses and final masses of
the cylinders were the same. The cylinders were put in an isotonic solution and there was no net
movement of water into or out of the potato cells. 1m
b As water left the cells by osmosis, the vacuole of the cells shrank and the cell membrane was pulled away
from the cell wall (plasmolysis). 1m
The cells became flaccid. 1m
c To eliminate errors due to the initial masses of the cylinders not always being the same. 1m

Question 8 is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 7.

8 a Axon 1m
b The myelin sheath protects and insulates the nerve fibres. 1m
This prevents the transmission of nerve impulses to the surroundings 1m
and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. 1m
c Nerve impulse transmission may slow down or even stop. 1m
d i Tap the tendon just below the knee cap with a hammer gently. 1m
Observe whether the leg automatically kicks or not. 1m
ii

Correct drawing and labels of sensory neurone and motor neurone (no interneurone) 1m
Correct directions of arrows 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 50 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
This is an item for Biology only.
9 a To reset the position of the air bubble. 1m
b Rate of transpiration when the fan was off:
(28 – 10) / 60 = 0.3 mm/min 1m
Rate of transpiration when the fan was on:
(53 – 11) / 60 = 0.7 mm/min 1m
c Wind blows away water vapour around the stomata of the leaves. 1m
This helps maintain a steep concentration gradient of water vapour between the air space in the leaves and
the surrounding air. 1m
The rate of diffusion and therefore the rate of transpiration increases when the fan is on. 1m
d The amount of water absorbed by the leafy shoot equals to the amount of water lost through transpiration.
2m
e

Correct label 1m
Correct shading of xylem 1m

Question 10 is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 8.

10 a The height of garden pea plants is controlled by a pair of alleles. The tall parent carries alleles for tallness,
and the short parent carries alleles for shortness. 1m
According to Mendel’s first law of inheritance, alleles of a pair separate and each gamete receives only
one allele from the pair during gamete formation. 1m
The plants in F1 generation carry one allele for tallness and one allele for shortness. 1m
As the alelle for tallness is dominant over the allele for shortness, all the plants in F 1 generation are tall.
1m
b i The results do not support the Blending Theory. 1m
According to the Blending Theory, the height of the plants in F1 and F2 generations should be in a
range intermediate to that of the parents instead of in the same range as the parents. 1m
ii Mendel’s view was different from the majority view of the scientific community. /
Mendel lived in a monastery, isolated and unkonwn to the outside world. He had a low social profile.
/
Mendel’s idea seemed too simple. Scientists of his time had very little knowledge of inheritance.
They were not ready to receive or discuss Mendel’s findings.
(any 2 or other reasonable answers) 1m  2
c The height of the plants falls in a range intermediate to that of the two parents instead of in the same range
as the parents. 1m
In Mendel’s experiment, the height of the pea plants is controlled by a single gene. The height of the
species used by the student may be controlled by multiple genes. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 51 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
This is an item for Biology only.
11 a i Anaerobic respiration 1m
ii Carbon dioxide 1m
b Glucose was consumed quickly as a source of energy for the growth of the yeast. 1m
Therefore, the concentration of glucose decreased quickly while the density of the yeast cell suspension
increased quickly. 1m
Ethanol was produced when glucose was being broken down during anaerobic respiration. 1m
Therefore the concentration of ethanol increased. 1m
c The density of the yeast cell suspension decreased as yeast cells died. 1m
This is because ethanol is toxic to yeast cells. 1m

Question 12 is is a common item which is equivalent to CS (Biology) question 9.

12 Phagocytes engulf foreign particles by phagocytosis, which is an active process. 1m
There are many mitochondria in the cytoplasm for releasing energy. 1m
The fluidity of the cell membrane allows the phagocyte to change shape to engulf foreign particles. 1m
There are many glycoproteins embedded in the cell membrane 1m
for cell recognition / recognition of foreign particles. 1m
There are many rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. 1m
They are the sites for producing enzymes for digesting foreign particles. 1m
Communication 3m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 52 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
Paper 2

1 a i ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water 1m

so that a greater proportion of water is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. 1m
ii (1)

Correct title 1m
Correct choice of axes with correct labels and units 1m
Correct plotting and joining of line 1m
(2) After drinking 0.5 L of water, the water potential of the blood becomes higher than normal.
1m
The hypothalamus detects the rise in water potential of the blood and causes the pituitary gland
to release less ADH in the first hour after water intake. 1m
A smaller proportion of water is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. The water potential of
the blood falls and returns to normal. 1m
Decreased water potential of the blood causes ADH concentration to increase and return to
normal level. 1m
iii She may suffer from dehydration / excessive loss of water in urine. 1m
b i Woman X: Hormone B 1m
Hormone B maintains the thickness of the uterine lining to prepare for implantation of the embryo.
1m
Woman Y: Hormone D 1m
Hormone D stimulates follicle development to produce mature ova. 1m
Woman Z: Hormone C 1m
Hormone C stimulates ovulation. 1m
ii Some fertility drugs stimulate a number of follicles to mature at the same time 1m
so that more than one ovum may be released from the ovaries at a time. 1m
iii Hormones A and B 1m
High levels of these hormones in blood inhibit secretion of hormones C and D such that follicle
development and ovulation do not occur. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 53 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
2 a i Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide 2m
When nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide are inhaled, they can irritate our breathing system and
lead to various respiratory problems (such as shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and damage to
lung tissues). 1m
This can worsen existing respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis and asthma. 1m
ii (1) Nitrogen dioxide reacts with volatile organic compounds in the air under sunlight to form
ozone. 1m
When RSPs and ozone accumulates in the air, smog is formed. 1m
(2) Stay indoors. 1m
Reduce physical activities. 1m
(or other reasonable answers)
iii Use cleaner fuels in vehicles, e.g. natural gas or LPG. 1m
Reduce the emission of air pollutants from vehicles by installing particulate traps and catalytic
converters. 1m
(or other reasonable answers)
b i Bald eagle and seal 1m
ii There is a great loss of energy along a food chain through uneaten body materials, egested materials,
egested products and respiration. 1m
Only a small amount of energy can reach the top consumer and support their survival. 1m
iii Bald eagle 1m
When aquatic organisms took up the DDT in water, DDT was accumulated in their body tissues.
1m
The concentration of DDT accumulated in organisms increases up the food chain. 1m
As the bald eagle was the top consumer, the concentration of DDT accumulated in its body became
the highest. 1m
iv Chemical fertilizers 1m
Most chemical fertilizers contain phosphates, nitrates and ammonium compounds. 1m
When the fertilizers dissolve in water and leach from the soil into aquatic environment, the chemicals
become nutrients for algae. This may lead to eutrophication of water and an algal bloom may occur.
1m
3 a i She added the reducing agent to create anaerobic conditions. 1m
She added the dye to indicate aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 1m
ii Flame the inoculating loop until red hot using a Bunsen flame 1m
to sterilize the loop. / 1m
Flame the mouths of the culture tubes and test tubes before and after use 1m
to sterilize them / reduce the flow of air into the containers from the surroundings. 1m
(or other correct answers)
iii Microorganism X can only grow in anaerobic conditions / is an obligate anaerobe 1m
as microbial growth only occurred at the bottom part of the nutrient broth (where oxygen is absent).
1m
Microorganism Y can only grow in aerobic conditions / is an obligate aerobe 1m
as microbial growth only occurred at the top part of the nutrient broth (where oxygen is present).
1m
Microorganism Z can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions / is a facultative anaerobe 1m
as microbial growth occurred throughout the nutrient broth. 1m
iv At high atmospheric pressure, oxygen is forced into the wound. 1m
Oxygen is toxic to the anaerobic bacteria and the bacteria stop dividing / stop producing toxins. 1m
b i Urea acts as the source of nitrogen. 1m
ii (1) Respiration of the bacteria produces heat. 1m
(2) To provide the optimum temperature for the growth of the bacteria / for the enzymes to work
efficiently. / Enzymes will be denatured at high temperatures. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 54 -
 Oxford University Press 2014
 iii (7.6–2.8) / (48–36) 1m
= 0.4 g dm h–3 –1
1m
iv A higher yield of lysine can be obtained. 1m
All chemical X is used in the production of lysine. / Chemical X is not wasted in the production of
threonine. 1m
There is no need to separate lysine from threonine. / Purification of lysine is easier. 1m

4 a i The calf carries the same genetic information as the cow with a high yield of milk. 1m
ii An ovum has a larger amount of stored nutrients 1m
for the development of the fused cell. 1m
iii Isolate individual cells from the embryo and grow each of them into an embryo. 1m
Transfer each embryo into a surrogate mother for development into an individual calf. 1m
iv Only half of the genetic information carried in the calf produced is the same as the cow with a high
yield of milk. 1m
If the sperm of the bull does not contain an allele for a high yield of milk, the calf may not have a
high yield of milk. 1m
Finding a bull containing an allele for a high yield of milk is difficult because bulls do not produce
milk. 1m
v The success rate is low. /
The calves produced may have birth defects or other health problems. /
Money should be better spent on other areas. /
Using this method to produce calves may decrease the genetic variations of the population.
(any 2 or other reasonable answers) 1m  2
b i Only a very small amount of DNA can be obtained from the ladybirds. 1m
PCR is needed to amplify DNA so that enough DNA can be obtained for DNA fingerprinting. 1m
ii (1) Stage X: The double helix of the DNA samples separated into two single DNA strands. / DNA
denaturation. 1m
Stage Y: Primers bound to the single-stranded DNA. 1m
Stage Z: Free nucleotides were added to the new DNA strands. 1m
(2) Primers used in PCR have a sequence complementary to the ends of the target region. 1m
DNA of other organisms does not have the sequence complementary to the primers. 1m
Primers cannot bind to the DNA of other organisms and thus the DNA of other organisms
cannot be amplified. 1m
iii The DNA fingerprint of sample (3) contains all the bands in the DNA fingerprint of sample (1). 1m
This indicates the gut content of ladybird Q contains ladybird P. 1m

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam V Biology Answers - 55 -
 Oxford University Press 2014