Web Based Counselling

Project ID: 22327

[Link]. Major Project Report
submitted for fulfillment of
the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology
Under Biju Pattnaik University of Technology

Submitted By
Ashish Sahoo ROLL NO. 201810530
Rajendra Rohith Challa ROLL NO. 201810230

2021 – 2022

Under the guidance of

K Lakshmi Narayana

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)
Palur Hills, Berhampur, Odisha – 761008, India
Web Based Counselling [Link]. 2020-2021

ABSTRACT
Online counseling System is fully work as online using the internet, which is provides
facility online such as- Student Counseling , Managing the student record,
Managing the Institute record and Searching the any other information about
Counseling procedure/Institutes, this types of information easy to search through the
website .
In the increasing number of populations, the need for digitization and reducing human
effort has become a need. Digitization helps to use time more efficiently. The basic
attraction of any automated system is reducing human labor, efforts, time and errors
due to human negligence. Previously we used to have a manual hard copy of records
but now we prefer having everything in our laptop, we prefer to search specific data
by touching few keys, we want to have everything at our screen. This project is about
developing an online system where the counselling of user can take place and can
update regularly. This project is chosen to save time and resources of employees as
well as user and to overcome the existing drawbacks in maintaining records. This
project can be used by the main system admin, employee and user who can update
specific assigned usability data regularly.

Types of information Online, and Efficient and systematic maintenance of the huge
Database, speeding up queries and faster processing are also be factor for going for
this project. This system is applicable for any other university /Institute, which is
work as an online. The package will require data to be entered in user-friendly forms.
This system provide the scope of online working using the internet such as -
Student reporting, counseling, Institute registration for counseling, searching the
information of counseling procedure and total Seats of college etc. There are
fallowing modules and forms are used-
(1) Institute Record.
(2) Student Record.
(3) Counseling.
(4) Category’s selection form.
(5) Reporting, Withdraw.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all those individuals whose invaluable
contribution in a direct or indirect manner has gone into the making of this project a
tremendous learning experience for us.

It is our proud privilege to epitomize our deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness
to guide, K Lakshmi Narayana for his valuable guidance, keen and sustained
interest, intuitive ideas and persistent endeavour. His guidance and inspirations
enabled us to complete our report work successfully.

We give our sincere thanks to , K Lakshmi Narayana Project Coordinator, for giving
me the opportunity and motivating us to complete the project within stipulated period
of time and providing a helping environment.

We acknowledge with immense pleasure the sustained interest, encouraging attitude

and constant inspiration rendered by Prof. (Dr.) Sukant K. Mohapatra (Chairman),
Prof. (Dr.) Priyadarshi Tripathy (Principal), Prof. (Dr.) M. Suresh (HOD)
N.I.S.T. Their continued drive for better quality in everything that happens at N.I.S.T.
and selfless inspiration has always helped us to move ahead.

Ashish Sahoo
ROLL NO. 201810530

CH Rajendra Rohith
ROLL NO. 201810230

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................iii
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1

2. EVALUATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM...........................................................2

2.1 Existing System....................................................................................................2

2.2. Limitations of the Existing System.....................................................................2

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM...........................................................................................3

3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................3
3.2 Features of the Proposed System.........................................................................4

4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS..............................................................................................5

4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................5
4.2 Requirement Analysis..........................................................................................6
4.3 S/W and H/W Requirement Specification...........................................................7
4.4 Modules…………………………………………………………………………7
4.5 Existing Method………………………………………………………………..8
4.6 Proposed Method………………………………………………………………..9

5. SYSTEM DESIGN.................................................................................................10

5.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................10
5.2 Module Description............................................................................................10
5.3 Database Design.................................................................................................11
5.4 Input-Output Design...........................................................................................16
5.5 Block Diagram…………………………………………………………………16
5.6 Architecture……………………………………………………………………17
5.7 Data Set………………………………………………………………………..17
6. UML Diagrams………………..…………………………………………………20
6.1 Use Case Diagram……………………………………………………………..20
6.2 Class Diagram…………………………………………………………………21
6.3 ER Diagram……………………………………………………………………22

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6.4 DFD Diagram…………………………………………………………………22

6.5 Context Level Diagram……………………………………………………….23

7. CODE DESIGN.....................................................................................................25

8. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………..26

REFERENCES...........................................................................................................29

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1. INTRODUCTION

The Online Counseling System is developed to enhance counseling. The software will
be great relief to the students. The Online Counseling System is developing to
enhance the counseling, which fully works as an online. This software will be great
relief to the student for Reporting, Registration and searching the information about
college and university.

This software gives an overview of the entire institute in a sort interval time and will
be also great help to University to manage in the whole counseling procedure by there
paper work and reducing their time.

This project consist fallowing modules.

(1) Institute record - Covering Details regarding Institute
(2) Student record - Covering Details regarding Students
(3) Counseling - Helps in Category wise counseling.

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2. EVALUATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM

2.1 Existing System

Present system or Existing system of “Counseling Management System” working

manually or computerized in a building. Therefore all types works are maintain in
building. So maintain all the counseling procedure very difficult.

If we are reporting, then we need go to the University and get a form for reporting and
fill the form and submit in the queue conditions. Then verify there form by the
university and maintain the record in computer or register.

The system is mainly related to online counseling management system. Which is

developing an online web based application system, it is necessary to make a
thorough study of the existing system. There is no online Counseling Management
System .The all the information not maintains globally. Therefore to maintain all the
information of university is very difficult

2.2. Limitations of the Existing System

The maintenance of various records and procedure of reporting are being done
manually by the counseling department. This leads to many drawbacks some of which
are:
 It is a time consuming process.
 Proper arrangements should be made before and after the examination -which
is both money spending and time consuming.
 As the number of student’s increases counseling process becomes more and
more difficult.
 Not globally maintain the information
 Evaluating of answer sheets also consumes heavy amount of time.
 Difficult to management the all types of information of college or university
 Further more, manual evaluation is prone to errors.

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3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 Introduction

Student’s Counselling is the process that includes different types of activities such as
guiding user of colleges and universities, supporting them in academics, providing
full guidance in getting the information related to their future career. Almost all
existing counselling is done manually based where there is a huge involvement of
traditional methods like humans and paperwork which consumes more time,
complicated process, counselling more user is a complex task, difficulties in test
evaluations, risks in data management and many more. This online student
counselling system even gives great support to universities and colleges through
which they can totally reduce the paper usage for counselling and guiding the user
towards their future. In this system there is three modules namely Admin, Employee
and User. Admin can login using his id and password. Admin can add, update, delete
and view employee. Admin can view and delete student. Employee can login using
credentials. Employee can view and delete student. Employee can give feedback to
admin regarding any changes or edit in user' list or any system problem. Student can
give basic details like Email & Contact number verification by OTP to get registered
and can login be using credentials. Student can Update Basic details, Address Details,
Physical details, Govt ids, Parent details, Academic Details & Fees Details. Student
can change their password in case of an emergency. Student can add Feedback to
Employee or Admin.
In proposed system at first reduce the problem, which is faced in Existing System. So
In the proposed system, “Online Counseling System” will provide the on line facility
for reporting/registration or access any type of information ab out the college /
university and globally maintain all the information by the university and this project
consist fallowing modules are-

(1) Institute Record: - Provide following types of facilities using different options:
Insert:- This part allow any new institute, if we want to participate in counseling then
enter its details regarding the institute - Institute Code, Name of the institute, Name of
the city, Category wise total number of seats i.e. General Seats, OBC Seats, SC/ST
seats.
Search: - It provides Searching for any institute details.

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- On the basis of its code.

- On the basis of its name.
Delete: - If any institute Withdraw from counseling then this part will help in deleting
that institute record.
Display: - It will help in displaying complete information about institute code name,
city, and total seats according to category.

(2) Student record: This module has two parts: -

Search: - This will provide help in searching record of any student who is allotted
seats in an institute during counseling procedure.
Delete: - This will allow to deleting record of any student after counseling. The
deletion can be on the basis of Roll no, Name.

(3) Counseling: -
This is the third and important module. It is divided into category wise counseling. So
there are three modes of counseling.
(a) General counseling:-
Candidates in General Category enter in this counseling then he is allotted to see
the status of vacant and occupied general eats in every institute the process
“STATUS” if the satisfied he is allotted seats .In this procedure candidate fill the
complete form which includes details–Name, Roll No, Rank, Sex, Category, etc.
But any Student want to withdraw after allotted the seats then can be withdraw with
the help in deleting the student record.

b) OBC counseling:-
Candidates in OBC Category enter in this counseling then he is allotted to see the
status of vacant and occupied general eats in every institute the process “STATUS” if
the satisfied he is allotted seats . In this procedure candidate fill the complete form
which includes details- Name, Roll No, Rank, Sex, Category, etc. But any Student
want to withdraw after allotted the seats then can be withdraw with the help in
deleting the student record.

(c) C/ST Counseling:-

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Candidates in SC/ST Category enter in this counseling then he is allotted to see the
status of vacant and occupied general seats in every institute the process “STATUS”
if the satisfied he is allotted seats .In this procedure candidate fill the complete form
which includes details –Name, Roll no, Rank, Sex, Category, etc. But any Student
want to withdraw after allotted the seats then can be withdraw with the help in
deleting the student record.

3.2 Features of the Proposed System

The proposed system will aim to automate all the activities and eliminate all the
drawbacks that the existing system of manual operation faces. The important features
of functionality of the proposed system are listed below-
 The proposed system will save significant amount of time and effort invested
by the university every year.
 The System fully works as an online.
 Centralized maintain all information.
 It helps the university to dynamically add records to the database.
 Easy to Searching the information about college or university.
 Easy to managing whole counseling procedure

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4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

System Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system

and their relationship within and outside the system. It is a systematic technique that
defines goals and objectives the goal of the development is to deliver the system in
the line with the user’s requirements, and analysis is this process.

System study has been conducted with the following objectives in mind: -
 Identify the client’s need.
 Evaluate the system concept for feasibility.
 Perform economical and technical analysis.
 Allocate functional to hardware, software, people, database and other system
elements
 Establish cost and schedule constraints.

Both hardware and software expertise is required to successfully attain the objectives.

4.2 Requirement Analysis

Information gathering is usually the first phase of the software development project.
The purpose of this phase is to identify and document the exact requirements for the
system. The user’s request identifies the need for a new information system and on
investigation re-defined the new problem to be based on MIS, which supports
management. The objective is to determine whether the request is valid and feasible
before a recommendation is made to build a new or existing manual system continues.

The major steps are –

 Defining the user requirements.
 Studying the present system to verify the problem.
 Defining the performance expected by the candidate to use requirements.

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4.3 S/W and H/W Requirement Specification

Hardware Requirements: -

• Processor - I3/Intel Processor

• RAM - 4GB (min)

• Hard Disk-128 GB
• Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
• Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
• Monitor - Any

Software Requirements: -

• Operating System : Windows 7+

• Server side Script : Python 3.6+

• IDE : PyCharm

• Libraries Used : Pandas, Numpy, playsound, collections, time,

os, imutils, OpenCV.

• Dataset : MS COCO Image Dataset.

4.4 MODULES

Admin

Login: Admin can login into application with valid credentials.

Add Counselling persons: Admin can add the counselling persons into account.

Remove Persons: Admin can remove (delete) the persons from online counselling
system.

Add Counselling details: Admin can add the Counselling details such as
Eamcet, PGcet, Polycet and Adhaar card, ration card, Voter ID, Photo, SSC,

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Intermediate marks cards. Admin also can add the counselling timings like starting
and ending times.

User

Register: User can register with required details, after added by admin.

Login: user can login with valid credentials.

View Counselling Information: Here the user can view the counselling information.

Upload files:User can upload the required documents as per counselling information.

Employee

Login: Employee can Login with valid Credentials to the application.

View users Documents: Employee can view the all documents which is up-loaded by
the users as per counselling instructions.

Download files: Employee can download the user files (documents).

Send reply: Employee can send the reply to users about the college selection
acceptance.

4.5 Existing Method

In an existing system, counselling will be done as manually, so it takes more time and
it is complex to conduct. There will be lot of confusion and it’s very hard to process.
Need to maintain paper files and students need to visit the counselling centers.

DISADVANTAGES:

 Manual visiting
 More time consumption
 Complex to process

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4.6 Proposed Method

To overcome the problem with an existing system, we have developed a web

application for student counselling through online.

Advantages:

 Online Counselling
 Less time requires
 Easy to process

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5. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1. Introduction

The objective of the system design is to deliver the requirements as specified in the
feasibility report. System design involves first logical design (logical design) and then
physical construction (detailed design) of the system. The logical design describes the
structure and characteristics of features, such as the outputs, inputs, files, databases,
and procedures. The physical construction produces actual program software, files,
and a working system.

System design goes through two phases of development: -

1. Logical Design
2. Physical Design

Logical Design:-
We know that a data flow diagram shows the logical flow of a system and defines the
boundaries of the system. Logical design specifies the user need at a level of details
that virtually determine the information flow into and out of the system and the
required data resources. Logical design describes the inputs, outputs, database and
procedures .All in a format that meets the user’s requirements.

Physical Design:-
It provides the working system by defining the design specification that tells
programmers exactly what that candidate system must do. In short it can state that
physical design is the implementation of the logical design.

Physical system design consists of the following-

1) Design the physical system
i. Specify input, output media
ii. Design the database and specify backup procedures.
iii. Design physical information flow through the system and a physical design
walkthrough.

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2) Plan system implementation

5.2 Module Description

Online Counseling System with the fallowing modules: -

(1) Counseling – Helps in Category wise counseling
(2) Institute record –covering Details regarding Institute
(3) Student record - covering Details regarding Students

5.3Database Design

Usually, a collection of interrelated data is referring to as database. The database

contains information about one particular enterprise. Database system is designed to
shear and manage large volume of information .The management of data involves
both the manipulation of information .In addition ,the database system must provide
for safety information storage in the database ,despite system crashes or
unauthorized access.

1. Table Name: STUDENT RECORD: -

Field Name Data Type Size Constraints Description
ROLL_NO VARCHAR2 15 Primary STUDENT
Key ROLL NO.
NAME VARCHAR2 30 STUDENT
NAME
CATEGORY VARCHAR2 5 STUDENT
CATEGORY
RANK VARCHAR2 5 STUDENT
RANK
INSTITUTE_CODE VARCHAR2 25 STUDENT
GIVEN
INSTITUTE
SEX VARCHAR2 1 STUDENT SEX
DETAIL
CCODE VARCHAR2(10)

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2. Table Name: INSTITUTE RECORD: -

Field Name Data Type Size Constraints DESCRIPTION

INSITUTE_CODE VARCHAR2 25 Primary Key CODE OF THE
INSTITUTE
INSTITUTE_NAME VARCHAR2 50 NAME OF THE
INSTITUTE
CITY_NAME VARCHAR2 25 INSTITUTE
CITY NAME
GENERAL_SEATS NUMBER 2 GENERAL
SEATS
OBC_SEATS NUMBER 2 OBC SEATS
SC_SEATS NUMBER 2 SC SEATS
ST_SEATS NUMBER 2 ST SEATS
TOTAL SEATS NUMVER 3 TOTAL SEATS
IN INSTITUTE

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3. Table Name: TOTAL SEATS: -

FLIEDNAME DATATYP SIZ CONSTRAINTS DESCRIPTIO

E E N
INST_CODE VARCHAR 25 REFERENCES INSTITUTE
2 INSTITUTE CODE
GENERAL_VACSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK GENERAL
(GENERAL_VACSEATS)<46 VACANT
SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
GENERAL_OCCSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK GENERAL
(GENERAL_OCCSEATS<46) OCCUPIED
SEATS
OF THE
INSTITUTE
GENERAL_TOTALSEAT NUMBER 2 CHECK GENERAL
S (GENERAL_TOTALSEATS<46 TOTAL
) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
SC_VACSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK SC VACANT
(SC_VACSEATS<19) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
SC_OCCSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK SC
(SC_OCCSEATS<19) OCCUPIED
SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
SC_TOTALSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK SC TOTAL
(SC_TOTALSEATS<19) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
ST_VACSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK ST VACANT
(ST_VACSEATS<2) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
ST_OCCSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK ST
(ST_OCCSEATS<2) OCCUPIED
SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
ST_TOTALSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK ST TOTAL

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SEATS OF
(SC_TOTALSEATS<2) THE
INSTITUTE
OBC_VACSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK OBC
(OBC_VACSEATS<25) VACANT
SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
OBC_OCCSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK OBC
(OBC_OCCSEATS<25) OCCUPIED
SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
OBC_TOTALSEATS NUMBER 2 CHECK OBC TOTAL
(OBC_TOTALSEATS<25) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE
COMBINED_TOTALSEA NUMBER 2 CHECK COMBINED
TS (COMBINED_TOTALSEATS<1 TOTAL
00) SEATS OF
THE
INSTITUTE

4. Table Name: Student report: -

Field Name Data Type Size Constraints Description

ROLL_NO VARCHAR2 15 REFERENCES STUDENT ROLL
STUDENT NO.
RECORD
C_DATE DATE 10 COUNSELING
DATE
F_NAME VARCHAR2 20 FATHER NAME
P_ADDS VARCHAR2 30 PERMANENT
ADDS
P_CITY VARCHAR2 10 PERMANENT
CITY
P_STATE VARCHAR2 10 PERMANENT
STATE
P_PIN VARCHAR2 10 PERMANENT PIN
C_ADDS VARCHAR2 25 ALTERNATE

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ADDS
C_CITY VARCHAR2 20 ALTERNATE CITY
C_PIN NUMBER 8 ALTERNATE PIN
PH_NO NUMBER 11 PHON NO.
M_NO NUMBER 11 MOBILE NO.
EMAIL VARCHAR2 20 E-MAIL ADDS
I_CODE1 VARCHAR2 10 INSTITUTE CODE
1
I_CODE2 VARCHAR2 10 INSTITUTE CODE
2
I_CODE3 VARCHAR2 10 INSTITUTE CODE
3
INAME1 VARCHAR2 20 INSTITUTE NAME
1
INAME2 VARCHAR2 20 INSTITUTE NAME
2
INAME3 VARCHAR2 20 INSTITUTE NAME
3
ILOCATION1 VARCHAR2 15 INST. LOCATION 1
ILOCATION2 VARCHAR2 15 INST. LOCATION 2
ILOCATION3 VARCHAR2 15 INST. LOCATION 3
QUALIFICATION1 VARCHAR2 10 QUALIFICATION 1
QUALIFICATION2 VARCHAR2 10 QUALIFICATION 2
QUALIFICATION3 VARCHAR2 10 QUALIFICATION 3
UNIVERSITY1 VARCHAR2 15 UNIVERSITY 1
UNIVERSITY2 VARCHAR2 15 UNIVERSITY 2
UNIVERSITY3 VARCHAR2 15 UNIVERSITY 3
PYEAR1 NUMBER 4 PASSING YEAR 1
PYEAR2 NUMBER 4 PASSING PYEAR
2
PYEAR3 NUMBER 4 PASSING PYEAR
3
PMARKS1 VARCHAR2 4.2 PASSING MARKS
1
PMARKS2 VARCHAR2 4.2 PASSING MARKS
2

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PMARKS3 VARCHAR2 4.2 PASSING MARKS

3

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5.4 Input-Output Design

 Input Design: -
The input design is a crucial part of any system errors. Inaccurate input data are the
most common cause of the errors in the processing. Data entry errors can be
controlled by input design. Input design is the process of converting user-oriented
inputs to computer –based formats .the goal of designing input data is to make data
entry as easy, logical and free from errors as possible.

 Output Design: -
Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the users.
Efficient intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationship with the
user and help in decision making. A major form of output is a hard copy from the
printer. In the system under consideration, the output is in two forms, hard copy from
the printer and output to the CRT screen in predefined format.

5.5 Block diagram

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5.6 Architecture
The flow for the project is given below:

5.7 Data Sets

A data set is an ordered collection of data. As we know, a collection of information

obtained through observations, measurements, study, or analysis is referred to as data.
It could include information such as facts, numbers, figures,  names, or even basic
descriptions of objects. For our study, data can be organized in the form of graphs,
charts, or tables. Through data mining, data scientists assist in the analysis of gathered
data.

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A dataset is a set of numbers or values that pertain to a specific topic. A dataset is, for
example, each student’s test scores in a certain class. Datasets can be written as a list
of integers in a random order, a table, or with curly brackets around them. The data
sets are normally labelled so you understand what the data represents, however, while
dealing with data sets, you don’t always know what the data stands for, and you don’t
necessarily need to realize what the data represents to accomplish the problem.

User Registration Table

Student/ User Data Table

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Employees Table

Counselling Table

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6. UML DIAGRAMS

• UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-

purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software
engineering. The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object
Management Group.
• The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of
object oriented computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of
two major components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form
of method or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.
• The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying,
Visualization, Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system,
as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems.

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• The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have

proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.
• The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and
the software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations
to express the design of software projects.

GOALS:
The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:
1. Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language so that
they can develop and exchange meaningful models.
2. Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core
concepts.
3. Be independent of particular programming languages and development
process.
4. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language.
5. Encourage the growth of OO tools market.
6. Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations,
frameworks, patterns and components.
7. Integrate best practices.

6.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of behavioral
diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a
graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their
goals (represented as use cases), and any dependencies between those use cases. The
main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system functions are performed
for which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted.

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6.2 CLASS DIAGRAM:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is

a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing
the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships
among the classes. It explains which class contains information.

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6.3 ER DIAGRAM:

An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a database with

the help of a diagram, which is known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram).
An ER model is a design or blueprint of a database that can later be implemented as a
database. The main components of E-R model are: entity set and relationship set.

An ER diagram shows the relationship among entity sets. An entity set is a group of
similar entities and these entities can have attributes. In terms of DBMS, an entity is a
table or attribute of a table in database, so by showing relationship among tables and
their attributes, ER diagram shows the complete logical structure of a database. Let’s
have a look at a simple ER diagram to understand this concept.

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6.4 DFD DIAGRAM:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a traditional way to visualize the information flows
within a system. A neat and clear DFD can depict a good amount of the system
requirements graphically. It can be manual, automated, or a combination of both. It
shows how information enters and leaves the system, what changes the information
and where information is stored. The purpose of a DFD is to show the scope and
boundaries of a system as a whole. It may be used as a communications tool between
a systems analyst and any person who plays a part in the system that acts as the
starting point for redesigning a system.
6.5 Context level Diagram:

Level 1 Diagram:

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Level 2 Diagram:

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8. CODE DESIGN
Code design for the system follows the following pattern. The java programs for the
accessing the database server consists of functions that retrieve data and return that
data in the required format. These java functions are put into classes. These classes
are identified by the module which they service. The classes are all part of a package.
This package is used in the JSP scripting to declare objects of a particular class. Once
the objects have been declared, the functions of that object can be easily accessed by a
normal “[Link]” kind of call to it. The function performs the
necessary tasks and then returns the data to the JSP script. The web server then
processes these data and prepares an HTML file to be displayed to the user. This
process is depicted in the figure.

Figure: - Code Design

The JSP script creates the

Class Object objects of the java class files
JSP file. as required

This object Java class file

embedded in the
HTML using JSP Function A ( )
scripting can now Function B ( )
access all the Function C ( )
functions of that JSP file calls the …
functions of that object …
particular java class.
…
Function n ( )

DATABASE SERVER

Java functions do the

database handling

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9 LITERATURE REVIEW
C. Snae, & M. Brückner, (2008). Web-based evaluation system for online courses
and Learning Management Systems. 2nd IEEE/IES Conference on Digital
Ecosystems and Technologies, Phitsanulok, Thailand.

In this paper the authors use a design and create research approach to implement a
system for student online counseling with adaptive feedback, the Student Online
Counseling Kernel System (SOCKS). This system is based on obser-vation of the
learning behavior, i.e. the time spent for studying learning units and related test
performance, and has a com-ponent to predict the learning outcomes of individual
user during an online course and prior to final exams. The main objective of SOCKS
is to give user an automatic and immediate response to monitored attendance and
quiz/test results after having finished a learning unit com-posed of standardized
learning objects. The prediction process is based on a statis-tical model of learning
performance and test performance. The resulting response is an overview of student
activities in vari-ous sections of the online course. The sys-tem not only monitors the
learning behav-ior but also give comments and feedbacks to an individual student. It
can deal with comprehensive as well as selective or topic driven tests based on
random questions from a test repository. Results are given and discussed.

1. C. Mackay, "SQL Injection attacks and some tips on how to prevent them"
[Online] [Link] Attacks-
and-Some-Tips-on-How-to-Prev. Jan 2005, doi:10.1145/1013367.1013397.
S2CID 578337.
This paper proposes techniques to detect the vulnerabilities by performing
scanning process for all website and web applications. The revealing process for
vulnerabilities in [Link] websites/ applications is a complex process, where
most of the code is anonymous and there are no citations to determine the purpose
of the code. Due to the fact that [Link] which is part of .NET framework that

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separate the HTML code from the programming code in two files, one for (aspx)
file and another for the programming code depending on the compiled language
Visual Basic , C#, Java Script. Since the VB and C# are the most common
languages in use around the world with [Link] files, we have adopted these
two compiled languages in the construction of our proposed algorithm in addition
to aspx files. Therefore, the scanning process inspects at least those three types of
files aspx, VB and C#.
2. N. F. Col, (2007). Using Internet technology to improve and simplify
counseling about menopause: The WISDOM website. Maturitas , 57, 95-99.
Although much attention has been given to measuring the risks associated with
menopausal hormone therapy (HT), decisions about HT should be guided largely
by individual patient preferences and values. Because the magnitude of the risks
associated with HT for healthy 50-year-old women are exceedingly small
(typically <1 in 1000) and its impact on survival are negligible, patient
preferences and values become the most critical considerations. To make a
rational and informed decision about HT, a woman needs to weigh any short-term
gains in quality of life from HT against its longer term risks. To do this, clinicians
need to gauge the patient's risks for the conditions affected by HT, the effects of
HT on these risks, understand the woman's menopausal symptoms and identify the
best treatment. This can be time consuming and challenging for clinicians to
perform, and appears to be rarely done in clinical practice. Decision support tools
can more rationally use available resources by shifting responsibilities away from
those least able to perform them towards those most appropriate to perform them.
The Internet presents new opportunities for delivering and disseminating
individualized decision support tools that can help with menopausal counseling. A
web-based decision support tool, Women's Interactive System about Decision On
Menopause (WISDOM), was designed to improve the quality of treatment
decisions around menopause and HT by providing individualized information
about the impact of menopausal treatments on symptoms and risks. Preliminary
trial results suggest a positive impact on clinicians and patients. The unique
challenges and opportunities in developing and testing web-based decision
support tools are discussed.

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3. M. E. Lambert, (1989). Using Computer Simulations in Behavior Therapy

Training. Computers in Human Services, 5 (3/4), 1-12.
Describes 4 computerized case simulations designed for use as an adjunct to
behavior therapy training. The cases simulate the assessment, diagnostic, and
treatment decision-making processes involved in treating various clinical
problems: agoraphobia, chronic headache pain, bulimia, and cocaine abuse, from a
behavioral perspective. Initial information for 3 simulations tested with 25 user
within a Clinical Psychology doctoral program and a Master of Social Work
program, and structured evaluations of the simulations by the Ss in each program
are also discussed. The Ss perceived the simulations as useful in developing skills
necessary for the appropriate application of behavioral techniques. Suggestions
are offered concerning how simulations of this type may be integrated into both
lecture and practicum courses.

4. G. Poppe ,& M. H. Breitner, (2003). Business Models for E-Learning.

Abgerufen am 21. Jan. 2008 von Discussion Paper No. 287:
[Link]/Forschung/Diskussionspapiere//dp- [Link]
E(Electronic)-learning becomes more and more important. Reasons are the
paramount importance of knowledge, life-time learning, globalization and
mobility. Not all providers of e-learning products succeed in closing the gap
between production costs and revenues. Especially in the academic sector e-
learning projects suffer more and more from decreasing funding. For many
currently active research groups it is essential to market their research results, e. g.
e-learning applications, in order to fund actual and future e-learning projects.
Basis of a successful commercialization of e-learning products is a coherent and
consistent overall e-learning strategy. E-learning strategies have to address
economical, pedagogical and technological goals. For ensuring pedagogical and
technological quality, different theories and models for e-learning already exist, e.
g. the Essen Learning Model (ELM). But there is a lack of theories and models
ensuring economical quality in terms of marketable and sustainable products. This
paper presents a framework for e-learning business models. Its advantage is its
suitability for products designed for computer based training (CBT) as well as for
web based (WBT) or mobile based training (MBT). The framework is suitable to

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complete existing e-learning theories and models focusing the pedagogical and
technological dimension of e-learning. According to this new approach
sustainable business models for e-learning integrate and consolidate strategic
propositions concerning market model, activity model and asset model. By
analyzing these issues, crucial success factors for the commercialization of e-
learning products are identified. Additionally, successful relations between core
activities and revenue models are presented.

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REFERENCES
[1] Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy (1998) “HTML: The Definitive Guide”
O’Reilly & Associates Ltd
[2] George Koch and Kevin Loney. (1997) “Oracle 8, The Complete Reference”
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[3] Herbert Schildt (2001) “The Complete Java Reference” Tata McGraw-Hill
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[4] Marty Hall (2000) “Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages” Sun MicroSystem
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[5] Matthew Siple. (1998) “The Complete Guide to Java Database Programming”
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[6] Roger S. Pressman (1997) “Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach”
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[7] Professional JSP, Wrox Publications.
[8] N. F. Col, (2007). Using Internet technology to improve and simplify
counseling about menopause: The WISDOM website. Maturitas , 57, 95-99.
[9] A. Berlanga, P. Sloep, F. Brouns, P. Van Rosmalen, M. Bitter-Rijpkema, & R.
Koper, (2007, Oct. 22). Functionality for Learning Networks: Lessons
Learned from Social Web Applications. Retrieved Feb. 9, 2008, from DSpace
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[10] S. T. Gladding, (2003). Counseling. A comprehensive profession (5th ed.
Ausg.). Prentice Hall.
[11] Joint Information Systems Committee. (2006). E-Assessment Glossary
(Extended). V. 1.1.
[12] M. E. Lambert, (1989). Using Computer Simulations in Behavior Therapy
Training. Computers in Human Services , 5 (3/4), 1-12.
[13] Learning Technology Standards Observatory. (2007). Abgerufen am 24.
January 2008 von
[14] [Link]
[15] J. Moon, (n.d.). The Higher Education Academy. Guide for Busy Academics
No. 4: Learning through

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