Questions of “Structural Engineering I"

Questions :

1 .What is a design value of action / resistance in semi-probabilistic limit state method.

2. Which is the difference between γ factor and ψ factor, write an example of load combination for
ULS.

3. Why do we approach structural safety in a probabilistic way; make an example.

q b = 2,0 KN/m
4. Concerning the following structure:

q a = 1,2 KN/m
q b = 2,5 KN/m

g = 1 KN/m
q a = 1,4 KN/m

g = 0,8 KN/m

ULS coeff. max γg = 1.35; min γg = 1.0; max γq = 1.5; min γq = 0

write the load condition corresponding to ULS and SLS (characteristic combination/frequent
combination/quasi permanent combination), assuming: ψ0 = 0.7/ ψ1 = 0.5/ ψ2 = 0.2

5. a) find the load condition corresponding to the maximum bending moment in cross-section A-A
under ULS combination, by means of influence line

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 b. draw diagrams of solicitation parameters (M, T, N) for load condition of point (a) in the whole
structure;
c. referring to point (b) and assuming a steel beam S235 (fy=235 MPa) section IPE 270 (height
= 270mm, flange width b = 135mm, flange thickness tf = 10,2mm, web thickness tw =
6,6mm, web height d=219mm, A = 45,9cm2, r = 15 mm; Wely = 429 cm3; Wply =
484cm3) classify and check the cross-section A-A;
d. check the cross-section IPE 270 for shear value in B-B for the load condition at point (a).

6. draw diagrams of solicitation parameters (moment M and shear T) for load condition

7. find the maximum bending moment in cross-section D, by means of effects superposition with:
L= 4m; h = 3 m; P = 4 kN; p = 1,5 kN/m; Jl (HE300 A); Jh (HE 280A)

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 8 .Describe
e the way for
f evaluatinng wind preessure fromm basic wind
d velocity. M
Make an ex xample with
h
basic wind velocity 22
2 m/s and a building with rectangu
ular shape (roof with on
ne plan slop
pe only).

9. What arre second order effectss in a structu

ural analysis, make an example.

10. Describ
be the mate
erial modelss that we ca
an use for stteel.

11. Describ
be the posssible braced
d systems th
hat can be used
u in a stteel building
g.

12. Find th
he tension/ccompression
n forces in the
t cross brrace for the given force
e F = 10 kN, P=20KN.

Define the internal efffect of force

e for all the members
m off the brace. L = 5 m ; H = 3 m

F
H

ng to point (11) and assuming a diagonal crross section

13. referrin n L 100x1000x10 (A = 19,0 cm2),
check the cross section assuming a bolted d connectio
on with a siingle line o
of bolts M20
0 (diameterr
20mm).

14. referriing to pointt (11) and assuming

a a vertical co
olumn (leng gth H) crosss section HE
H 240 A (
height = 2330 mm, flan nge width = 240mm, web
w thicknes ss = 7,5mm, flange thicckness = 122,0mm, A =
76,8 cm2, ix = 10,1 cm m, iy = 6,00
0 cm), checkk the eleme
ent for resisttance and b
buckling, as
ssuming the
e
same consstraint condition in orthogonal planne.

a describe the princiipal types of

15. Draw and o steel brac
ced systemss and a typiical disposittion (on the
e
floor and along
a the he
eight) on a steel
s multi-sstorey pendular frame building.
b

16. Descriibe the diffference bettween a "first order linear-elasticc" analysis and a "second orderr
linear-elastic" analysiss. Make an example off structure that require a second o
order analys
sis.
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17. Draw the internal stress distribution of a I-section, for a positive external bending moment, in
the different situations: class 1 cross section/ class 2 section/ class 3 section/ class 4 section.

18. referring to point 6 and assuming a steel beam S355 (fy=355 MPa) section HE 280 (height =
270mm, flange width b = 280mm, flange thickness tf = 13 mm, web thickness tw = 8,0 mm, web
height d=196mm, A = 97,3 cm2, r = 24 mm; Wely = 1013 cm3; Wply = 1113 cm3) classify and
check the cross-section where the bending moment is maximum;

19. check the cross-section HE 280 for maximum shear value in structures of point 6

20. describe a simply way for checking flexural-torsional buckling in a beam with bending moment.

21. describe as in a web with shear stress buckling instability can appear.

22. define the shear resisting area in a I cross-section for both the shear forces directions along x-x
and y-y

23. Describe the classification of steel cross-sections.

24. Describe the different behaviour of a shear bolted connection with and without prestressed
bolts. Which class of bolts can be used for prestressed connection? What are the advantages of a
prestressed connection.

25. What are the failure modes for a plate connected with bolts. Describe the check that we must
to perform in different cases.

26. Check the following bolted joint for a tension NEd = 140 kN; with plates S235 t= 5 mm and 4
bolts M16 class 8.8; both for bolts resistance and plates resistance.

27. Referring to point 25 define the design slip resistance of a preloaded joint with bolts class 10.9,
assuming friction μ=0,2.

28. What different welded joints do you know?

29. What is the throat thickness a in a fillet weld joint.

30. Describe the different stresses considered on a throat section of a fillet weld and the way to
perform a check according to Eurocode 3.

31. Which is the resistance of a butt welding

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32. Check the following welded joint for an action FEd = 10 kN and eccentricity e= 200 mm; z = 100
mm; L= 80 mm; with two fillet weld a = 5 mm.

33. Check the following welded joint for an action FEd = 10 kN fillet welds a = 5 mm.

33. Find the maximum compression and tension in the two chords elements (top and bottom) of
the following lattice beam for P = 10 kN.

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34.

Concerning the following structure (dimensions in millimetres):

qk

gk gk gk
A F
B C
F
A

2500

3000
2000 5000 2000

D E

distributed dead load gk = 10 KN/m (ULS coeff. max γg = 1.35; min γg = 1.0)

distributed live load qk = 14 KN/m (ULS coeff. max γq = 1.5; min γq = 0)

b. find the load condition corresponding to the maximum bending moment in cross-section A-A
under ULS combination, by means of influence line;
c. draw diagrams of solicitation parameters (M, T, N) for load condition of point (a) in the whole
structure and calculate the axial loads on the columns;
d. referring to point (b) and assuming a steel beam S235 (fy=235 MPa) section IPE 270 (height
= 270mm, flange width b = 135mm, flange thickness tf = 10,2mm, web thickness tw =
6,6mm, web height d=219mm, A = 45,9cm2, r = 15 mm; Wely = 429 cm3; Wply = 484cm3)
classify and check the cross-section A-A;
e. check the cross-section IPE 270 for shear value in F-F for the load condition at point (a).
f. draw σ diagrams along the height of the cross-section A-A in elastic and plastic conditions;
g. referring to point (b) and assuming a steel column S235 (fy=235 MPa) section HE 180 A (imin
= 4,52 cm; A = 45,3 cm2) check the column BD for buckling, considering the same
constraints in both directions.

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 h. referring to point (b), design a (hinge) beam to column bolted joint for connection B, suppose
the dimension of the bolts (see the table below), the number of the bolts (maximum 4 bolts)
and verify the joint with the following formulation (Eurocode 3):

α=1,0; γMb = 1,25; fub = 800N/mm2; fu=430 N/mm2

d (mm) 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30

As
2 84.3 115 157 192 245 303 353 459 581
(mm )

The mark will be considered sufficient if it is equal or greater than 25/50. The final mark of the whole exam
will be a sum of part one (Steel Structures) and two (Concrete Structures) so that it will be sufficient if the
sum of the two marks is equal or greater than 50/100.