STO.

NIÑO COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY, INC

Doña Feliza Mejia Village, Ormoc City, Leyte

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

TOURISM POLICY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 2
INSTRUCTOR: APRIL BALISALISA-BERESO, MPA
 TOURISM POLICY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After studying this module, you will be able to:

1. Define planning
2. Understand the need for tourism planning
3. Explain the importance of tourism planning
3. Describe the tourism planning approaches and techniques

PLANNING

The process of setting goals & objectives, selecting alternative courses of action
to achieve those goals, implementing the chosen alternative, and evaluating the
choices to find out if it is successful– A key element in the life of any destination and
occurs at many levels ranging from the planning decisions made by individual firms to
collective planning involving all stakeholders in the destination (Gunn, 1988)
Hall and Page (2002, p. 307) comment that planning is rarely done exclusively
for tourism, but rather is done within an economic, social, and environmental context,
thus reflecting the diverse factors that influence tourism. Planning is often referred to
within the context of policy. A tourism policy can be defined as a broad set of
guidelines to determine which specific goals and programs of activities should be
pursued in a tourism destination
[Link] (1987) defines tourism planning as a process, based on research and
evaluation, which seeks to optimize the potential contribution of tourism to human
welfare and environmental quality.
Tourism Planning: Process of coordinating land use planning, economic
development, and community participation to develop or improve tourism in a nation,
region, and /or destination.
Tourism Development Plan: A plan that outlines how a location will serve
visitors, adapt to their growing numbers, and protect local cultures and environments in
a sustainable manner.
THE NEED FOR TOURISM PLANNING
 To avoid the eventual decline of a destination
 A tourism plan and development program can provide guidelines for areas, in
which the government and the private sectors, with little or no experience, on
how to develop these areas
 A tourism plan is necessary to coordinate the different sectors to bet service the
needs of tourism and the general public
 Through an integrated tourism plan, the various direct and indirect economic
benefits of tourism can be achieved.

THE BENEFITS OF TOURISM PLANNING

 A responsible tourism plan is a means to attain environmental conservation

objectives through the development of tourist attractions, facilities, and
infrastructure.
 A careful tourism plan is a means to achieve cultural conservation objectives
and produce sociocultural benefits.
 A good tourism plan is a means by which the natural and cultural resources for
tourism are maintained, not destroyed, in the development process
 The right type of tourism plan can be used to invigorate poorly developed
tourism destinations
 Careful planning is necessary to develop specialized training facilities for the
education & training of particular manpower skills & abilities
TOURISM PLANNING APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUES

1. SYSTEMS APPROACH
Computer technology is needed to collect and analyze data
2. COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
All aspects of tourism development are analyzed and planned on a broad scope
3. INTEGRATED APPROACH
Tourism is planned and developed as an integrated system within itself and
integrated into the overall plan and development pattern of the area.

ENVIRONMENTAL & SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

Tourism is planned, developed, and managed in a way that the natural and
cultural resources are not used up so that they are available for continuous and
permanent use in the future.
1. COMMUNITY APPROACH– The local residents should be given the opportunity to
participate in the planning of their community’s future development and express their
opinion on the type of community they want to live in.
2. IMPLEMENTABLE APPROACH– Tourism plans, policies & recommendations are
expressed in a practical & achievable manner•
3. SYSTEMATIC APPROACH- Tourism planning is based on an orderly arrangement
of activities

LEVELS OF TOURISM PLANNING

INTERNATIONAL PLANNING
 Involves international transportation services
 Movement and scheduling of the tours and tourists among different countries
 Development of major tourist attractions and facilities in neighboring countries
as well as the working strategies and promotional programs of many countries
 The main international organization is the WTO which has been appointed by
the United Nations as the agency which enforces tourism-related projects
sponsored by the United Nations.
NATIONAL PLANNING
• Tourism policy
• Infrastructure facilities
• A physical structure plan which includes important tourist attractions, selected
tourism development regions, international entry points, facilities, and services
• The amount, kinds, and quality of accommodation and another required tourist
facilities and services
• The important tour routes in the country and their regional connections
• Tourism organizational entities, laws, and investment policies
• Tourism marketing strategies and promotion
• Design standards and facility development
• Environmental, economic and socio-cultural analyses
• National level implementation methods including the short-term development plan
and project scheduling
• Education and training program

REGIONAL PLANNING
• Regional policy
• Regional entry points and transportation facilities and services
• The amount, kinds, and location of tourist accommodation and other tourist
facilities and services
• Location of the tourist development areas including resort areas
 Socio-cultural, environmental, economic, and impact analyses
• Education and training programs on the regional level
• Marketing techniques and promotion
• Organizational establishments, laws, regulations, and investment policies
• Implementation methods which include project plans and regional zoning
regulations
SUBREGIONAL PLANNING
- The elements of the sub-regional plan usually include tourist attractions,
location of accommodation, and other tourist facilities, entry points to the sub-
region, transportation facilities, and infrastructure

TYPES OF TOURISM PLANNING

 LAND USE PLANNING

• Includes pre-feasibility and
feasibility studies,
evaluation of
environmental and socio-
cultural influences, and
zoning planning.
• Zoning regulations,
architectural landscaping, and engineering design standards are often
prepared for this type of planning
 FACILITY SITE PLANNING– Actual location of buildings, recreation areas,
streets, walkways, parking, landscaping areas, and other land uses are shown on
maps

 SPECIAL STUDIES– These studies pertain to environmental, socio-cultural,

economic impact analyses, marketing analyses, and promotion programs

PROCESS FOR TOURISM PLANNING

 ACQUIRE UNDERSTANDING– Education, field trips, attendance in

lectures and seminars,
 PRELIMINARY POSITION STATEMENT- Formal statement of interest,
formal statements regarding restrictions to development
 COMMITMENT FOR TOURISM STUDY- There should be an intensive
study that establishes feasibility and serves as a basis for factual
development
 MARKET AND RESOURCES ANALYSIS- Gathers and correlates data on
the overall size of the destination and the share that the market is expected
to gain
 CONCEPTUAL PLANNING- Involves a general description of what the
area should look like and how it will function after development has taken
place
  PLAN APPROVAL– The responsible decision-makers should make a
decision on whether the tourism planning process should proceed to the
master plan
 MASTER PLANNING- Considered a very expensive process because it is
more detailed and frequent changes take place because of the nature of
cooperation required between the private and public sectors
 FINAL COMMITMENT- The government must pledge legislation policies,
funds, and programs to encourage tourism. Private and public sector
agencies must pledge the building of hotels and other facilities
 STAGED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM- Fills the gap between accepted
development plans and the creation of an operational, integrated tourism
industry
 EVALUATION AND DIRECTION- Mechanisms must be established to
provide continuous feedback on tourism volumes and levels of satisfaction
provided to prevent the decline of resorts, attractions or destinations

MAJOR ELEMENTS IN PLANNING A TOURISM DESTINATION

MARKET ANALYSIS
– Requires a thorough study of past and present trends, traveler profiles, traveler
performances and habits, market position, and destination images

ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES

a. Visitor attractions
b. Culture
c. Manpower
d. Infrastructure and Superstructure– Infrastructure refers to all underground and
surface construction of a region– Superstructure are the facilities and services that are
above the ground such as hotels, resorts, restaurants, etc.
e. Transportation
f. Support Services
g. Visitor Accommodation

MARKETING– The process of selecting a target, choosing strategies to reach a

market, establishing objectives, coordinating the efforts of those involved in promoting
the destination, and evaluating the successes and failures.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS– Careful analysis of economic conditions
and financial requirements such as feasibility studies, cash flow, available capital, and
interest rates
ENVIRONMENT– The aim of tourism planning is to develop the natural resources of
the area without destroying them and to improve the natural beauty of the area
SOCIAL IMPACT– The reason why many countries plan and develop resort areas
away from population centers is to avoid congestion and to be able to distribute tourism
resources over a wider area

ASSESSMENT

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Your answers will be graded based on
the rubric below.
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION SCORE
The content was well- 10
thought. The question was
CONTENT
thoroughly answered
Communicates ideas in a 5
way that is clear and
ORGANIZATION
concise
Points are thoroughly 5
developed
DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL 20

1. Define planning.
2. What is the essence of tourism planning and development?
2. Why tourism planning is important?
3. Explain the need for a community approach in tourism planning.
4. Give an overview of tourism planning and policy perspectives of Philippine tourism
5. Describe the tourism planning approaches and techniques.
 REFERENCES
[Link]
-II/2.3.2/Semester3_Fundamentalsoftourism_Tourismplanning.pdf

[Link]
planning-and-development/module-3-tourism-policy-and-organizations-tourism-policy-
is-a-set-of-discourses-decisions-and-practices-driven-by-governments-sometimes-in-
collaboration-with-private-or-social-actors-with-the-i/25015164

[Link]