CIEG206: Engineering Hydrology and Sedimentology
[3 Credit]
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
To understand the basic fundamental of engineering hydrology and its impacts to the design of civil
engineering structure. It covers the flow measurement of the natural streams by different technique.
1. Introduction
Definition, scope
Importance and history of hydrology
Hydrologic cycle
Hydrologic system model
Hydrologic model classification
Earth’s water, Water budget
Global warming and Climate changes
Opportunities in the discipline
2. Transport process
Reynold’s Transport Theorem
Continuity and Momentum Equations
Meteorological Parameters
Hydrologic processes
Transport Process: conduction, convection and radiation
3. Evaporation
Evaporation process,
Factors affecting evaporation
Methods of estimation of evaporation: Energy Balance Method, Aerodynamic
Method and Combined Aerodynamic and Energy Balance Method
Pan evaporimeters
Empirical evaporation equations
4. Evapotranspiration
Transpiration and evapotranspiration processes
Measurement of evapotranspiration
by Lysimeters and field plots
Evapotranspiration equations
Penman and Thornthwaites’s equations
Potential evapotranspiration
Reference crop evapotranspiration
5. Precipitation
Atmospheric water vapor
Thunderstorm cell model
Weather System and rainfall data of Nepal Causes, types and forms of
precipitation
Site selection, network density of rain gauge
Methods of average depth calculation
Hyetograph
Methods for rainfall estimation (depth &, intensities)
Estimation of missing data
Double mass curve analysis
6. Infiltration
Infiltration process, depression storage and soil moisture
Infiltration capacity, Infiltration indices
Infiltration Models: Horton’s Equation, Philip’s Equation and Green-Ampt’s
Method
Ponding time
Measurement of infiltration: Single ring and double ring infiltrometers
Flooding type infiltrometer
Rainfall simulator
7. Runoff and Hydrograph analysis
Concept and components of runoff
Catchment characteristics and climatic factors affecting runoff
Horton’s overland flow
The contribution of base flow to stream discharge
Separation of base flow and runoff
Unit Hydrograph
Volume and duration of runoff (flow duration and flow mass curve techniques)
Basic concept of hydrological models
Rainfall runoff correlation
Prediction on Ungauged Basins in Nepal
Runoff cycle
8. Stream flow
Classification of streams
Gauging site selection
Measurement of stages
Techniques of stream flow measurements
Direct measurement by surface float, current meter and salt dilution method
Indirect method by slope area method
Rating curve: its determination, adjustment and extension
9. Statistical Hydrology
Frequency and probability concepts
Frequency analysis and recurrence intervals
Normal distribution
Log Pearson Type III distribution
Log Normal Distribution
Gamma distribution, and their application in hydrology
Gumbel Distribution
Gumbel’s method in estimation of extreme flood value
10. Groundwater
Definition, occurrence, types and properties of aquifers
Steady and unsteady flow in aquifers
Darcy’s law
Basic equations of ground water
Recharge of ground water
Well hydraulics
Water wells and their types
11. Hydrology of floods
Definition, causes and effects of floods
Hydro-geomorphological characteristics of rivers
Seasonal, annual and extremes floods and methods of estimations.
Regional flood frequencies and Flood formulae
Recurring flood estimation/ prediction techniques,
Choice of design return period, design value and probability of encountering
design floods during design life
Risk, reliability
Methods of mitigating floods
Flood routing: Concept, Basic equations, Reservoir routing by Modified Pul’s
Method
12. Sediment Transportation
Source of sediment
Geo-morphology of rivers
Seasonal variation of sediment load
Types of sediment; physical and chemical characteristics of water (turbidity,
color, conductivity etc.)
Measurement of sediment; bed load; suspended load
Sediment yields; sediment yield modeling;
Musgrave equation; Universal Soil-Loss Equation (USLE); runoff-sediment
relation;
sediment concentration graph; unit sediment graph; reservoir and lake
sedimentation
Estimation of bed load and suspended load; estimation of sediment load in the
absence of local data
13. Reservoir sedimentation
Introduction
Silt load estimate for reservoir
Problems posed by reservoir sedimentation
Distribution of sediment in reservoirs
Life of reservoirs
Sediment management in hydropower projects
14. Snow and Glacier Hydrology
Definition, classification
Snow density, Snow water equivalent
Snow survey & measurement, snow melt
Mass balance, Glacial lake outburst flood
Effect of climate change
Total
Assignments and tests: Assignments, 2 Internal tests
Field works:
1) Field visit to a hydrological station at KU
2) Visit to Hydro-Lab, Pulchowk (Sediments, sediment samples and sediment sampling)
Field Trip (Hydrology and Geology combined) 10 (Malekhu, Dhading/Panauti ,Kavre)
3) Discharge measurement by float method
4) Discharge measurement by area-velocity method
5) Discharge measurement by salt dilution method
Reference Books
1) Subramanya, K. Engineering Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd. New Delhi
2) Ven Te Chow Applied Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co. New York
EVALUATION:
Internal: 50
External: 50