Erick Sorensen Dr.

Boe Apologetics 08/26/09 The Resurrection Introduction (Science versus Faith) One doesnt have to look long in our culture to see the constant dichotomy that is played up between faith and science. Especially around Easter time where the conversation on nightly talk shows and news shows focuses on the person of Jesus, you will see debates rage between professing Christians and professing scientists. You will see modern scholars such as those from the Jesus Seminar conclude, as John Dominick Crossan did, that after Jesus died he was probably buried in a shallow grave and eaten by dogs.1 The typical argument from the non-believer goes something like this: I dont have a problem with your profession of faith in the resurrection of Jesus, but I am a person of science and therefore I cannot believe in a literal resurrection of Jesus from the dead. And thats when it happens: Those who have faith in the resurrection or some other miraculous aspect of the Christian faith are relegated to the side of serious thinking and scholarship. We are those supposedly that stand against science, logic, and sound modern thought, because we have faith. Therefore, in our culture often times faith in supernatural things is talked about in the same way we would talk about people believing in Santa Claus, the Tooth Fairy, or as is appropriate for this subject, the Easter Bunny. Now we must grant that there are some aspects of the Christian faith in which we are called to believe Gods word without a lot of scientific explanation or proof. However, the problem with this point of view about the resurrection is that when we read the Bible we dont see the disciples and the writers of the gospels talk about it this way at all. As a
1

Crossan, John Dominic. Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.

matter of fact, the whole New Testament goes out of its way to say that all of our faith hinges on the bodily, physical Resurrection of Jesus from the dead. Paul even goes so far to say, But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. If in Christ we have hope in this life only, we are of all people most to be pitied. 2 With this reality, we must be certain that what we are called to believe is actually true. So rather than just proclaim that Jesus rose from the dead, the Church must try and show the evidence for why we believe that Jesus actually rose from the dead. That is correct, the reason that we can be supremely confident that Jesus rose from the dead is because the evidence shows us that He did. The Evidence for the Resurrection The Gospel Record; Pauls creed; Eyewitness Accounts (1 Cor. 15)- The first piece of evidence for us to consider is the Gospel records. Modern scholarship gives us a great deal of confidence to declare that the gospels we have today at least started to be written within forty years of Jesus death; somewhere around the time of A.D. 65-70. All of the gospels agree that Jesus rose from the dead. To be certain, they emphasize different details, but essentially all of them agree on a few things: 1. They all agree that Jesus was crucified. 2. They all agree that he was laid in a tomb. 3. They all agree that when the disciples went to check on him on the third day the tomb was empty. 4. They all report eyewitness sightings of the resurrected Christ.

English Standard Version: 1 Corinthians 15:

The reason we can trust the gospels account of the gigantic claim of the cosmic death and resurrection of Jesus is because they are so accurate on everything else they talk about. Norman Geisler says this about the gospel of Luke: In citing thirty two countries, fifty-four cities, nine islands, and several rulers, Luke never made a mistake.3 If Luke is this meticulously accurate about recounting unimportant details like the names of cities, than why wouldnt we trust him to give us accurate information about important things such as, I dont know, a man raising from death? After all, Luke did say at the beginning of his gospel that his purpose in writing was to get eyewitness accounts of everything that people claimed that Jesus did for them.4 Along with this we must mention that far more than any writing from antiquity, we have somewhere around the number of 5,366 New Testament manuscripts to compare and contrast that were written within a few hundred years of the events recorded; we even have some copies that date to within seventy years of when the originals were written. To give you an idea of what this means: When we compare this to any other ancient writing from around the same time, we have about 10 times more manuscripts to go on.5 However, there is, in my view, even stronger eyewitness evidence than this in the New Testament: This being due to the fact that most of the letters in the New Testament were actually written before the gospels. For example, we know that Paul wrote his letter to the Corinthian church no later than twenty years after Jesus death on the cross. In 1 Corinthians 15 we have a record of a creed from the ancient Church that Paul writes down for us that gives even more evidence. He writes,

Geisler, Norman and Brooks, Ronald M. When Skeptics Ask: A Handbook on Christian Evidences. Baker, Grand Rapids, MI. 1990. pg. 103 4 English Standard Version. Luke 1. 5 Geisler, Norman and Brooks, Ronald, M. Pg. 159.

For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he

was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than five are still alive, though some

hundred brothers at one time, most of whom have fallen asleep.

Most scholars today, that Paul was quoting from a very early creedal expression within the Church. This is important because that shows us that even before all the details were codified within the New Testament, the early Church firmly believed in the resurrection tradition. The implications of this particular quote are staggering: Paul writes in a public document no later than twenty years after Jesus has died that he appeared to over 500 people in his resurrected body. And this was done at different locations and different times. Some have tried to suppose, (including many serious scholars6), that Jesus disciples hallucinated seeing him. However, the reality is we have no record of a mass hallucination all at one time in the history of the world, let alone multiple times where people hallucinated seeing Jesus risen from the dead. Paul is so certain about what he is saying that he can point to over 500 different people and say to the skeptic, Go ahead ask them, theyll tell you. If this is some elaborate hoax or some sort of mass deception, most assuredly we would hear of defectors, who once claimed to see the risen Jesus, now denying it for comforts sake. There is no record of this happening. So faith in the resurrection is not based on some kind of myth, but rather on multiple eyewitness accounts.

Borg, Marcus. Debate between William Lane Craig and Marcus Borg.

Woman eyewitnesses- Going along with this talk about eyewitnesses, the second piece of evidence that we can point to that validates the claim of resurrection is who the gospels say actually discovered the empty tomb of Jesus. The gospels tell us that it was women who discovered the tomb empty on the third day. Some people might try and say that the resurrection was just a conspiracy or a cover up hatched by his disciples. This detail about women discovering the tomb stamps that out. Philip Yancey writes, According to all four Gospels, women were the first witnesses of the resurrection, a fact that no conspirator in the first century would have invented. Jewish courts did not even accept the testimony of female witnesses. A deliberate cover-up would have put Peter or John, or better yet, Nicodemus in the spotlight, not built its case around reports from women. Since the Gospels were written several decades after the events, the authors had plenty of time to straighten out such an anomaly-unless, of course, they were not concocting a legend but recording the plain facts.7 N.T. Wright argues that there must have been enormous pressure on the early proclaimers of the Christian message to remove the women from the accounts. They felt they could not do so- the records were too well known.8 Today it would be no problem for us to believe the testimony of women, but back then it was unthinkable that if someone was trying to sell a story about a man being raised from the dead that they would use women to be the first eye-witnesses. The Secular Historians Witness- The third piece of evidence we have comes from secular historians of the time that actually record things about Jesus and his followers. Josephus a first century historian mentions Jesus by name; Tacitus a Roman historian
7 8

Yancey, Philip. The Jesus I Never Knew. Zondervan. Grand Rapids, MI. 1995. Pg. 212 Keller, Tim. The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism. Dutton. New York, New York. 2008. pg. 205.

mentions Jesus and the Christians; Pliny the Younger early in the second century, mentions Christians and their practices; The Jewish Talmud does mention that Jesus was crucified for what they considered blasphemy and sorcery. Over and over again, nonChristian writings from the time mention Jesus, his death and his resurrection. The Originality of the Resurrection idea- The fourth piece of evidence for the Resurrection is that the event itself was not something that anybody believed in at the time. Tim Keller points out in his book, The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism, that contrary to what we might think (that people believed that individuals raised from the dead all of the time), there was essentially no belief at the time of a single person being risen from the dead. He points out that in the Greek world the people believed that the body (or matter) was evil and that the spirit was good. There was no way that spirit would come back to inhabit body in a Greeks mind. While the Jewish belief was that there would be a resurrection of the body, but that the resurrection would take place at the end of time and it would be in mass. This surely wasnt the end of time, so it would have made no sense for a Jew to make up a story about the resurrection of a single person unless it were true.9 This is why when Jesus proclaims to Martha in John 11 that her brother Lazarus will rise from the dead, her first response is, I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day. She is thinking in the typical categories of a Jewish person at the time: At the end of days, there will be a mass resurrection of people. But of course we know Jesus said to her, I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die.

Ibid. pg. 210-212

The birth and rapid expansion of the church- The fifth piece of evidence that shows Jesus really rose from the dead is the birth of the Church. How in the world can one account for the birth of the church apart from the resurrection of Christ? From all accounts all we have is a group of scared people hanging out waiting for the authorities to come get them. They dont seem to get much that their Rabbi, Jesus has taught them while teaching during His earthly ministry. And then literally seemingly out of nowhere this group of people, his disciples begin this thing called the Church that they base on His resurrection. Within fifty years there are churches all over the Roman Empire that worship Jesus (a man) as Lord (something absolutely unthinkable to any Jewish mind previously), have changed the Sabbath day to Sunday and no longer are practicing the old Jewish ceremonial rites. Now they have new rites such as baptism and communion. How do we account for that, especially in light of the fifth piece of evidence which is the martyrdom of the Church. The martyrdom of the Church- If the original twelve disciples knew that their story about Jesus resurrection wasnt true, than why were they willing to die for it? Heres what I mean: Many people have died for various causes, but they all thought their cause was right and true. If the disciples knew that Jesus didnt raise from the dead, than ask yourself how it is possible that all of them except for John ended up going to their death in the most excruciating ways for their belief that He raised from the dead. If it wasnt true than how did each one of them hold up under intense pain and torture, unless of course it were really true that He did rise from the dead. People will die for a cause they think is true but may not be, but people dont die for a cause they know is false. The experience of billions and billions of people throughout the world that have experienced His resurrection- The final argument isnt an argument from history as much

as it is an argument from experience. I would never present this argument alone or without the other pieces of the argument, but nonetheless I believe it is still an evidence for the Resurrection (although not as persuasive). What are we to do with all of the billions and billions of people throughout history that have claimed to meet the resurrected Christ? How do we explain the change of life that can happen when someone believes in the risen Christ? People like Saul of Tarsus who was a murderer that hated the church; people like you and me? So this is the evidence for the resurrection. But what is the effect of the resurrection? The Effect of the Resurrection It shows us there is a God who cares- Jesus is victorious over death and therefore God shows us that He cares for mankind. In the story of Lazarus Jesus shows us his hatred of death as he resuscitates Lazarus back to life, but God shows us He cares by raising His Son eternally. Romans 5:6-11 says, 6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous personthough perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die 8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God. 10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by his life. 11 More than that, we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation. 10

10

English Standard Version. Romans 5:6-11.

Gives this life meaning: Morton Kelsey, a well known writer who struggled with depression wrote this about the resurrection in an essay entitled The Business of Life: As William James pointed out, if we are indeed part and parcel of a meaningless universe, the kind in which Jesus could be murdered on a cross with no resurrection, then being depressed only makes good sense. Under these conditions the sensitive and sensible person will be depressed. I have discovered only one event in history that redeemed all this evil for me and gave me hope: the resurrection of Jesus. Allowing the resurrected One to be constantly present, I can deal with all the evil suffered by Jesus, by my friends, and by me. I can face all the rape, pillage, war and hatred that I hear about daily, and still have hope. The resurrection reveals the ultimate nature of the universe, and the risen Christ continues to give victory over the power of evil. 11 Only if Christ has risen is there any semblance of meaning for mankind. We can make up meaning and pretend, but if God doesnt rule this world, then everything we do is in vain! The resurrection, the knowledge that there is an eternal perspective gives this life meaning, because in the final analysis this place aint home! The opportunity for us to have eternal life- The resurrection shows us that it is possible for us to have eternal life beyond the grave. As Vice President, George Bush represented the U.S. at the funeral of former Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. Bush was deeply moved by a silent protest carried out by Brezhnev's widow. She stood motionless by the coffin until seconds before it was closed. Then, just as the soldiers touched the lid, Brezhnev's wife performed an act of great courage and hope: She reached down and made the sign of the cross on her husband's chest. There in the citadel of secular, atheistic power, the wife of the man who had run it all hoped that her husband was wrong.12
11

Kelsey, Morton. Quoted in The Book of Jesus. Edited by Calvin Miller. Simon & Schuster. New York, New York. 1996. Pg. 458 12 Thomas, Gary. Christian Times, October 3, 1994, p. 26.

It shows the world theyre held accountable to God- Finally, the most relevant aspect of the resurrection of Jesus Christ for us and the world today is if He rose, than by all means each one of us is held accountable to Him. It means His word is validated; it means He deserves our obedience and submission; it means that we are called to bow down and acknowledge Him as Lord of all. There is no sitting on the fence if Jesus rose from the grave. There is no halfway Christian; one either believes that He rose from the dead or they dont. But if one refuses to accept the evidence presented to them for the truth of the resurrection, then they must either debunk the evidences, or live with cognitive dissonance. I doesnt matter what the perceived objections to Christianity are, if Jesus rose from the dead, than the message has to be true and everyone must turn from their sin and place their faith in Jesus Christ for their own eternal life! Conclusion What does the response to this news look like then? We know from the gospel accounts, that although Jesus alluded to His disciples about His resurrection, that they seemed to have no clue that it was going to happen. Were told that Peter and some of the other guys were hiding for fear that they might be killed. The two disciples that Jesus meets up with on the Emmaus road talk about Jesus in the past tense. They talk about Him with disappointment; that they thought He was just maybe the one, but then He died. They thought He was gone forever. My son Jude used to worry alot about whether his Daddy (me) was going to be gone forever. After spending a semester in Minnesota at Seminary flying back about once every five or six weeks to see my family, Jude became old enough to notice. It was always great coming down, but really hard to leave again. I would say goodbye to Jude in the middle of the night while he wasnt awake so that hopefully he wouldnt notice too

much when I would leave. When I finally moved back permanently, I noticed that Jude would ask me the same question whenever I had to go to work or run an errand: You come back? You come back? And I would promise Him that I was coming back. What is wonderful is his response when I walk in the door after being in the office all day. I open the door, and Jude runs up to me and says, You come back! I grab him and I hold him along with Johnathan, my younger one and we just sit together. Jesus promised His disciples that He would come back and when He did were told that Peter jumped out of his boat to go see him. You come back! Essentially the way were called to respond to the great news of Christs resurrection, is by sitting here with Him and celebrating that He came back!