Scribd
Upload
163 views2 pages

Class 10 Trigonometry Cheat Sheet

This document provides a trigonometry "cheat sheet" with definitions and formulas. It defines the six trigonometric functions using right triangles and the unit circle. It also lists important trigonometric identities like Pythagorean, reciprocal, double angle, half angle, sum and difference, and product-to-sum identities. The cheat sheet is a one-page reference for trigonometric functions, definitions, and formulas.

Uploaded by

Rohit C Deshpande
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
163 views2 pages

Class 10 Trigonometry Cheat Sheet

This document provides a trigonometry "cheat sheet" with definitions and formulas. It defines the six trigonometric functions using right triangles and the unit circle. It also lists important trigonometric identities like Pythagorean, reciprocal, double angle, half angle, sum and difference, and product-to-sum identities. The cheat sheet is a one-page reference for trigonometric functions, definitions, and formulas.

Uploaded by

Rohit C Deshpande
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Math 150 T17-Trig “Cheat Sheet” Page 1

MATH 150 – TOPIC 17 Pythagorean Identities


TRIG “CHEAT SHEET”
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1, 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x,
1 + cot2 x = csc2 x
Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions
Right triangle definitions, where 0 < θ < π/2. Reduction Formulas

Hypotenuse sin(−x) = − sin x cos(−x) = cos x


Opposite csc(−x) = − csc x tan(−x) = − tan x
θ sec(−x) = sec x cot(−x) = − cot x
Adjacent
opposite hypotenuse
sin θ = csc θ = Sum and Difference Formulas
hypotenuse opposite
adjacent hypotenuse sin(u ± v) = sin u cos v ± cos u sin v
cos θ = sec θ =
hypotenuse adjacent cos(u ± v) = cos u cos v ∓ sin u sin v
opposite adjacent tan u ± tan v
tan θ = cot θ = tan(u ± v) =
adjacent opposite 1 ∓ tan u tan v

Unit circle definitions, where θ is any angle. Cofunction Identities


p π  π 
y 1= x2 + y2 sin − x = cos x cos − x = sin x
1 y 1 2
π 
2
π 
(x, y) sin θ = = y csc θ =
•
1
1 y csc − x = sec x tan − x = cot x
y 2 2
θ x 1 π  π 
• cos θ = = 1 sec θ =
x 1
x
1 x sec − x = csc x cot − x = tan x
2 2
y x
tan θ = cot θ =
x y
Double Angle Formulas

Thus, x = cos θ, y = sin θ sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u


cos 2u = cos2 u − sin2 u = 2 cos2 u − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 u
2 tan u
tan 2u =
Reciprocal Identities 1 − tan2 u
1 1 1
sin x = sec x = tan x =
csc x cos x cot x Half Angle Formulas
1 1 1
csc x = cos x = cot x = 1 − cos 2u
sin x sec x tan x sin2 u =
2
1 + cos 2u
cos2 u =
2
Tangent and Cotangent Identities
1 − cos 2u
tan2 u =
sin x cos x 1 + cos 2u
tan x = cot x =
cos x sin x

Continued on next page


Math 150 T17-Trig “Cheat Sheet” Page 2

Product-to-Sum Formulas
1
sin u sin v = [cos(u − v) − cos(u + v)]
2
1
cos u cos v = [cos(u − v) + cos(u + v)]
2
1
sin u cos v = [sin(u + v) + sin(u − v)]
2
1
cos u sin v = [sin(u + v) − sin(u − v)]
2

Sum-to-Product Formulas
   
u+v u−v
sin u + sin v = 2 sin cos
2 2
   
u+v u−v
sin u − sin v = 2 cos sin
2 2
   
u+v u−v
cos u + cos v = 2 cos cos
2 2
   
u+v u−v
cos u − cos v = −2 sin sin
2 2

y
√ (0, 1) √
(− 12 , 2
3
) •
π ( 12 , 2
3
)
• •
√
2
√
2 2π
2
π
√
2
√
2 For any pair (x, y),
(− 2
, 2
) 3 3
( 2
, 2
)
• •
√
3π 90◦ π
√ x = cos θ
4 ◦ ◦ 4
(− 3 1
, ) 120 60 ( 3 1
, )
2 2 • 5π
135◦ 45◦ π • 2 2 y = sin θ
6 6
150◦ 30◦ where θ is the indicated
angle.
(−1, 0) • π 180◦ 0◦ 0
◦ 2π
• x
360 (1, 0)

210◦ 330◦
7π 11π
√
3 1
• 6 225◦ 315◦ 6 • √
3
(− 2 , − 2 ) 5π 240◦ 300 ◦
7π
( 2
, − 12 )
√ √ • 4 270◦ 4 •
√ √
2 4π 5π
(− 2
, − 22 ) 3 3 ( 2
2
, − 2
2
)
• 3π • Previous Page
√ √
2
1 3
(− 2 , − 2 ) • ( 12 , − 23 )
(0, −1) Skills Assessment

Common questions

Powered by AI

Half angle formulas, such as \(\sin^2 u = \frac{1 - \cos 2u}{2}\), aid in calculating trigonometric functions of smaller angles by expressing the identity of a half angle in terms of a full angle. This is especially beneficial in integration and solving trigonometric equations where direct calculation is impractical. They effectively manage angle manipulations in calculus by converting into more computationally feasible expressions .

The sum and difference formulas, such as \(\sin(u \pm v) = \sin u \cos v \pm \cos u \sin v\), extend trigonometric functions to angles expressed as sums or differences of simpler angles. By allowing expressions like \(\sin 75^\circ\) to be calculated via simpler angles like \(\sin(45^\circ + 30^\circ)\), they facilitate handling complex angle calculations, essential in fields such as physics and engineering where angles often compound. They unify trigonometric function calculations across varied input conditions .

The unit circle definitions simplify trigonometric functions by using the coordinates of a point \((x, y)\) on the circle where the radius is 1. Here, \(x = \cos \theta\) and \(y = \sin \theta\), enabling direct calculation of sine and cosine. The ratios \(\tan \theta = \frac{y}{x}\), \(\csc \theta = \frac{1}{y}\), \(\sec \theta = \frac{1}{x}\), and \(\cot \theta = \frac{x}{y}\) derive from these coordinates, providing a consistent and unified method for defining these functions .

Reduction formulas determine the trigonometric function's value for a negative angle by expressing it as a function of a positive angle. For example, \(\sin(-x) = -\sin x\) and \(\cos(-x) = \cos x\) describe how sine and cosine behave under negation. These properties are significant in ensuring trigonometric identities function symmetrically around zero and allow for standardized manipulation across different quadrants .

The Pythagorean identities are fundamental in trigonometry as they represent intrinsic relationships between the trigonometric functions that always hold true. \(\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1\) relates sine and cosine, \(1 + \tan^2 x = \sec^2 x\) establishes a link between tangent and secant, and \(1 + \cot^2 x = \csc^2 x\) connects cotangent and cosecant. These identities not only enable simplification of trigonometric expressions but also pave the way for solving trigonometric equations by transforming complex expressions into simpler forms .

Cofunction identities, such as \(\sin(\frac{\pi}{2} - x) = \cos x\), \(\cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - x) = \sin x\), simplify trigonometric functions by linking each function with its cofunction and complementing angles. They help in understanding the interchangeable nature of trigonometric values under specific transformations, providing clarity and simplification during calculations, especially in right triangle problems and calculus .

Double angle formulas, such as \(\sin 2u = 2 \sin u \cos u\) and \(\cos 2u = \cos^2 u - \sin^2 u\), impact solving trigonometric equations by simplifying the representation of an angle that is a multiple of another angle, thereby reducing the complexity of expressions. They are crucial in calculus problems involving differentiation and integration, where transforming expressions leads to solutions of trigonometric equations that would otherwise be convoluted .

Product-to-sum formulas, which re-express products of sines and cosines as sums, such as \(\sin u \sin v = \frac{1}{2}[\cos(u - v) - \cos(u + v)]\), are significant because they simplify complex wave interactions into manageable sums, proving essential in harmonic analysis and signal processing. This transformation is particularly crucial in applications like Fourier analysis, where deconstructing waveform products into sums is fundamental .

The reciprocal identities express the trigonometric functions in terms of their reciprocals, such as \(\sin x = \frac{1}{\csc x}\), while tangent-cotangent identities define \(\tan x\) and \(\cot x\) in terms of sine and cosine: \(\tan x = \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\) and \(\cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\). Thus, the reciprocal identities indirectly assist in deriving tangent-cotangent identities by providing relationships between sine, cosine, and their inverses .

Sum-to-product formulas, which convert sums of sine and cosine into product form, such as \(\sin u + \sin v = 2 \sin \frac{u + v}{2} \cos \frac{u - v}{2}\), serve a key role in simplifying expressions, as they eliminate the complexities involved in accounting for multiple trigonometric terms. This is especially helpful in calculus to reduce integrals involving trigonometric sums, enabling more tractable solutions to otherwise difficult problems .

You might also like