48

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the detailed discussion of the

methods and design to be employed in conducting the

investigation. It discusses the research design, sampling

technique, research procedures in conducting the study, the

instrument to be used and the statistical treatment of the

data.

Research Design

The descriptive-evaluative-inferential method of

research was employed in this study. A semi-structured

questionnaire served as the instrument in gathering the

needed data in this study. The descriptive method is used to

describe the target respondents in the Libon Agro-Industrial

High School.

Sampling Technique

Purposive random sampling was used in the study in

choosing the Grade 11 learners who served as the key

informants in this study. The key informants of the study

are the following: Grade 11 TVL and Grade 11 Academic Track

learners.
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Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the 102 Grade 11

LAIHS learners composed of 52 Grade 11 Academic Track

learners and 50 TVL Track learners as shown in Table 1.

Table 1
The Respondents
Male Female Total
Respondents
fc % fc % fc %

Grade 11 Learners

Academic track 29 65.91 23 39.66 52 50.98

TVL track 15 34.09 35 60.34 50 49.02

Total 44 100 58 100 102 100

Instrument Used

This study used a semi-structured survey questionnaire

as the main instrument of the researcher in gathering the

data needed in the study. The questionnaire was composed of

two parts: Part I is for the level of communicative

competence of Grade 11 learners of Libon-Agro Industrial

High School in terms of grammatical, sociolinguistic,

discourse and strategic. Part II is for the activities

undertaken by the teachers to improve the communicative

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Table 2

Table of Specifications

Number of Items
Topics Percent
Items Placement

Part I- Level of
communicative competence of
Grade 11 learners of Libon-
Agro Industrial High School
in terms of grammatical,
sociolinguistic, discourse
and strategic:

1.1 Grammatical 12 1-12 16.65

1.2 Sociolinguistic 13 13-25 18.06

1.3 Discourse 21 26-46 29.17

1.4 Strategic 13 47-59 18.06

Sub-Total 59

Part II- Activities

undertaken by the teachers to
improve the communicative
13 60-72 18.06
competence of the learners
along the aforementioned
aspects.

Grand Total 72 1-72 100

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competence of the learners along the aforementioned aspects.

Table of Specification

The Table of Specification as shown in Table 2 was used

in distributing the items that was reflected in the survey

questionnaire that was utilized in this research study. The

instrument consisted of the different indicators from Part I

to Part II.

The researcher used the following scales in

interpreting the data.

For the level of communicative competence of Grade 11

learners of Libon-Agro Industrial High School in terms of

grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic.

Range Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 Very Much Evident (VME)

3.40 – 4.19 Much Evident (ME)

3.60 – 3.39 Evident (E)

1.80 – 2.59 Fairly Evident (FE)

1.00 – 1.79 Not at All (NA)

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For the activities provided by the teachers to improve

the communicative competence of the learners along the

aforementioned aspects.

Range Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 Very Much Necessary (VMN)

3.40 – 4.19 Much Necessary (MN)

3.60 – 3.39 Necessary (N)

1.80 – 2.59 Fairly Necessary (FN)

1.00 – 1.79 Not at All (NA)

Validation of Survey Questionnaire

To test the validity of the instruments, the survey

items and the items in the rating scale undergone validation

by some teachers, master teachers and school head. They were

categorized as the first set of informants. The second set

included the Editor of University of Northeastern

Philippines School of Graduate Studies and Research. They

were asked to make comments and recommendations to improve

the research instrument. Further, they were also be asked to

add, delete, modify, and revise some survey items.

Permission from the consultant was asked for the final

survey questionnaire copy to be printed and be distributed

to the respondents.
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Validity and Reliability of Survey Questionnaire

To test the reliability of the instruments where the

areas purports to measure, the survey items and the items in

the rating scale were subjected to validation by the

teachers who are not included in the roster of the

respondents in the study.

The reliability of the questionnaire used was

determined by means of utilizing the Kuder Richardson

Formula 21 (Deiderich, 1976). Employing this formula, the

reliability arrived at 0.92.

r=1-M(N-M)
Where: r=Unknown
1=constant
M=mean
N=no. of scale
S=standard deviation
Moreover, the reliability of the r was tested using the

t-test for correlation analysis at 0.05 level of

significance using the formula:

t=r√N-2

Where: t=Unknown
1=Constant
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N=no. of case
R=reliability

Research Procedures

The researcher was guided by the following procedures

in the conduct of this study as shown in Figure 4.

1. Prepared the research problems. The researcher

identified and formulated the research problems to be

studied.

2. Have the title proposal.

3. Prepared the survey questionnaire.

4. Sought permission to conduct a study on the various

authorities such as the University Librarian, Target

Respondents and other individuals. The researcher

sought permission of the concerned agencies to conduct

the survey at their respective offices.

5. Validated the survey questionnaire. The researcher

personally distributed the survey questionnaire to the

jurors.

6. Distributed the questionnaire respondents were through

answering the questions.

7. Retrieved the questionnaire from the respondents.

8. Collated the data.

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9. Plotted data on tables.

10. Illustrated data on tables and figures.

11. Presented and interpreted the data.

12. Defended in the pre-oral defense.

13. Reflected suggestions and comments during pre-

oral defense.

14. Have final defense.

15. Reflected suggestions and comments during final

oral defense.

16. Finalized the final manuscript.

17. Submitted the final manuscript to the authorities.

18. Disseminated the research.

19. Submitted the final manuscript to secure Special

Order.

20. Disseminated and published the research output.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The data will be presented using frequency count,

percentage techniques, weighted mean, and rank, Wilcoxon

matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

ACTIVITIES 2021 2022

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NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT
1. Prepared and
submitting the                    
proposal
2. Have Title Defense                    
3. Prepared the
questionnaires/
checklist/ rating
scale
4. Sought permission to
conduct the study                    
5. Validated the
instrument                    
6. Distributed the
questionnaire                    
7. Retrieved the
research instrument                    
8. Collated the data                    
9. Plotted data on
tables                    
10. Illustrated data on
tables and figures
11. Presented and
interpreted the data                    
12. Have Pre-Oral
Defense                    
13. Reflected
suggestions of the
panel during the Pre-                    
Oral Defense
14. Have Final Defense                    
15. Reflected the
suggestions of the
Panel During the                    
Final Defense
16. Encoded and
Finalized the final                    
draft
17. Submitted the
manuscript to
authorities for                    
Special Order
18. Disseminated the
research  
19. Submitted the
recommendations to                    
the concerned
authorities
20. Finished the
Research output                    

Figure 4
The Gantt Chart of the Study Procedures
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Percentage. Percentage is a fraction or ratio with 100

fixed and understood as the multiplier. It is formed by

multiplying a decimal equivalent of a fraction by 100. It is

a proportion or share in relation to the whole.

Percentage was used to determine the level of

communicative competence of Grade 11 learners of Libon-Agro

Industrial High School in terms of grammatical,

sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic and the activities

undertaken by the teachers to improve the communicative

competence of the learners along the aforementioned aspects.

It will determine the respondent’s numerical data which

consist of the raw counts of the frequencies of occurrence

of the characteristics under consideration. The data

treatment will be based on the frequency count through the

percentage formula.

Weighted Mean. Mean is the representative value of the

whole group of data. It is the most common measure of

central tendency. It reveals the principle characteristic of

the population.

The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test was

employed to test the significance of difference on the rank

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orders of the level of communicative competence of Grade 11

learners of Libon-Agro Industrial High School in terms of

grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic and

the activities undertaken by the teachers to improve the

communicative competence of the learners along the

aforementioned aspects. The following formula will be used

(Ferguson, 1981):

where:

W+ = sum of the positive ranks

N = number of pairs

The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of

significance.