SOFTWARE TRAINING

REPORT
AT
RADOS AIR ENGINEERS
KHARAR

Submitted to the Department of

Civil Engineering of
Chandigarh Engineering College,
Jhanjeri, Mohali

As Part of Course Work of

[Link]. (Civil Engineering)

I.K GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KARPURTHALA,

JALANDHAR

Submitted to: - Submitted By:-

Civil Department Name: Rounak Afza

Univ. Roll No: 1915299
Branch: Civil Engg.
Semester: 8th
 STUDENT DECLARATION

This is to certify that I, ROUNAK AFZA student of [Link] (Civil)-8th Semester Roll No.
1915299 has undergone software training in “RADOS AIR ENGINEERS, City Heart, Kharar,
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar MOHALI.
(From 1st of Feb to 15th of June, 2022)

As required of eight weeks project semester for the award of degree of [Link] Civil Engineering,
college CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE JHANJERI MOHALI, which is an
authentic record of my work.

If any discrepancy is found regarding the originality of this report, I may be held responsible. I
have not copied from any report submitted earlier this or any other university. This is purely
original and authentic work.

Rounak Afza
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to [Link] Ahmad Lone (Structural
Engineer) for his generous guidance, help, useful suggestions and continuous encouragement.
I am extremely thanks to Prof. Rajneesh Talwar, Principal Chandigarh Engineering college
Jhanjeri, Mohali (Punjab) and management for support and encouragement.
I am tremendously thankful to Dr. Anshu Tomar, HOD, CEC Jhanjeri, Mohali for valuable
suggestions and motivation.
I am also thankful to my teacher Mr. SYED MOHD. ARIF for support and encouragement to
excel in my learning through this software training.
Apart from this, I would like to express special thanks to my parents, friends, who have
supported me and helped me out in my software training despite their busy schedules.

Rounak Afza
 ABSTRACT

As part of curriculum, and for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of
[Link] degree from Chandigarh Engineering College, technical campus, I Rounak Afza,
underwent an software training at the Rados Air Engineers for 6 weeks during the months
February 2022- June 2022. The report consists of brief study and description of softwares used
for construction.
The report contains my 6 weeks experience in the hosting company. All the contents are broadly
explained and it is constructed from the practical basis.
In the content I have explained my overall internship familiarity in the last successive months.
This content is the main content that I have recorded and it contains overall work I have been
executing.
 INTRODUCTION

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD)

and drafting available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and
cloud- based app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc.,
AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal
graphics controllers.
Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe
computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics
terminal. AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers,
engineers, designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide
as of 1994.
As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous
CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and
collectively with all its variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout
most of the world.
 WORK SPACES OF AUTO CAD

Drafting and Annotation

3D Basics
3D Modeling

POINT FIXING METHODS IN AUTO CAD

Absolute Co- ordinate system.

X , Y 5 , 5

Relative Co- ordinate system.

@X , Y

@5 , 5

Relative Polar Co- ordinate system.

@ Distance <Angle @ 5<45

Absolute Co- ordinate system.

X , Y

Command: line Specify first point: enter 80,235 right-click Specify next point or enter 275,235
right-click Specify next point or enter 295,210 right-clickSpecify next point or enter 295,100
right-click
Specify next point or enter 230,100 right-click Specify next point or enter 230,70 right-click
Specify next point or enter 120,70 right- click Specify next point or enter 120,100 right-click
Specify next point or]: enter 55,100 right-click Specify next point or enter 55,210 enter

Relative Co- ordinate system.

@X , Y

Command: line Specify first point: enter 60,210 right-click Specify next point or
enter @50,0 right-click Specify next point or enter
@0,20 right-click Specify next point or enter @130,0 right-click Specify next point or enter
@0,20 right-click Specify next point or enter @50,0 right-click Specify next point or enter
@0,105 right- click Specify next point or enter @50,0 right-click Specify next point or enter
@0,20 right-click Specify next point or enter @130,0 right-click Specify next point or enter
@0,20 right-click Specify next point or enter @50,0 right-click Specify next point
 AutoCAD 2D Tutorial

DRAWING LINES
A LINE can be one segment or a series of connected segments. Each segment is a
individual object.

Series of connected segments One segment

Start the Line command by using one of the following methods:

Type = L <enter>
PULLDOWN MENU = DRAW / LINE

TOOLBAR = DRAW
Lines are drawn by specifying the locations for the endpoints.
Move the cursor to the location of the “first” endpoint then press the left mouse button. Move
the cursor again to the “next” endpoint and press the left mouse button. Continue locating
“next” endpoints until you want to stop.
 Point to point method

Command
Line Specify first point: enter 65,220 right-click Specify next point: drag to right enter 240 right-
click Specify next point: drag down enter 145 right-click Specify next point or drag left enter 65
right-click
Specify next point or drag upwards enter 25 right-click Specify next point or drag left enter 120
right-click
Specify next point or drag upwards enter 25 right-click Specify next point or drag left enter 55
right-click Specify next point or c (Close) right-click
 Offset Command

Offset Distance

To offset a specified distance:

Choose Modify, Offset. or

Choose the Offset icon. or

Type OFFSET at the command prompt. Command: OFFSET or O
Type The distance to offset.
Offset distance or <Through point>: (number) 5. Pick The object to offset. Select object to
offset: (select object)
Pick A side to offset object to. Side to offset: (pick side)
Pick Another object to offset Select object to offset: (pick side)
or
Press Enter to end the command.
Offsetting objects by specifying a distance
2D DRAWING COMMANDS
2 D Drawing
 Projects: 2D view in Autocad planning

2D layout for G+1 house

2d wireframe isometric view:-
 INTRODUCTION TO [Link]

STAAD Pro is structural analysis design program [Link] includes a state-of-the-art user
interface, visualization tools and international design codes. It is used for 3D model generation,
analysis and multi-material design.
The commercial version of STAAD Pro supports several steel, concrete and timber design codes.
It is one of the software applications created to help structural engineers to automate their tasks
and to remove the tedious and long procedures of the manual methods.
1. Concurrent Engineering" based user environment for model development, analysis,design,
visualization and verification.
2. Object-oriented intuitive 2D/3D graphic model generation.
3. Pull down menus, floating toolbars, and tool tip help.
4. Flexible Zoom and multiple views.
5. Isometric and perspective views 3D shapes.
6. Built-in Command File Editor.
 HISTORY OF STAAD Pro

[Link] was originally developed by Research Engineers International in Yorba Linda, CA.
In late 2005, Research Engineer International was bought by Bentley Systems. Staad is powerful
design software licensed by Bentley .Staad stands for structural analysis and design Any object
which is stable under a given loading can be considered as structure. So first find the outline of
the structure, where as analysis is the estimation of what are the type of loads that acts on the
beam and calculation of shear force and bending moment comes under analysis stage. Design
phase is designing the type of materials and its dimensions to resist the load. this we do after the
[Link] calculate S.F.D and B.M.D of a complex loading beam it takes about an hour. So
when it comes into the building with several members it will take a week. Staad pro is a very
powerful tool which does this job in just an hour’s staad pro is a best alternative for high rise
buildings.
Now a days most of the high rise buildings are designed by staad which makes a compulsion for a
civil engineer to know about this [Link] software can be used to carry rcc, steel, bridge,
truss etc according to various country codes.
 STRUCTURE

A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable of analyzing

and designing structures consisting of both frame, and Finite elements. Almost any type of
structure can be analyzed by STAAD.
Frame elements – Beam elements – 2 nodes Finite elements – 1.) Plate – 3 or 4 nodes
2.) Solid – 4 to 8 nodes
In case of STAAD Node becomes Joint
It has a number and xyz coordinates
Beam becomes Member it has a number and nodes at its ends Plate becomes Element it has a
number and node at its corners

TYPES OF STRUCTURE

A TRUSS structure consists of truss members who can have only axial member forces and no
bending in the members
A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane
A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any
plane, is the most general.
A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X or Z)
movement of the structure [FX, FZ & FY are restrained at every joint]. The floor framing (in
global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal
 ASSIGNING LOADS

Any structure is subjected to basically these types of loads-

Dead load

Live Load

Wind Load

Seismic Load

Dead load includes the self weight of the structure while live load consists of superimposed load.
In addition to a structure is also subjected to wind and seismic or earthquake forces
While designing a structure subjected to wind and earthquake forces we also have to

•After creating various load cases we have to assign them to the structure. For this we have to
first select that part of the structure on which load has to be assigned and then assign it to that
part provide definitions along with various load cases
 DESIGN

After analysis a structure has to be designed to carry loads acting on it considering a certain factor
of safety.
In India structures are designed by using various Indian codes for both concrete and steel
structures.
The design in [Link] supports over 70 international codes and over 20 U.S. codes in 7
languages.
After designing the structure it is again analyzed and results of analysis for each beam and
column is shown in the output file
Assumptions and Notations used:

The notations adopted throughout the work are same IS-456-2000.

Assumptions in Design:

Using partial safety factor for loads in accordance with clause 36.4 of IS-456-2000 as ϒt=1.5

Partial safety factor for material inaccordance with clause 36.4.2 is IS-456-2000 is taken as 1.5
for concrete and 1.15 for steel.

Using partial safety factors in accordance with clause 36.4 ofIS-456-2000 combination of load.
D.L+L.L. 1.5
D.L+L.L+W.L 1.2
 Density of materials used:

MATERIAL: DENSITY

Plain concrete 24.0KN/m3

ii) Reinforced 25.0KN/m3

iii) Flooring material (c.m.) 20.0KN/m3

iv) Brick masonry 19.0KN/m3

v) Fly ash 5.0KN/m3

LIVE LOADS: In accordance with IS. 875-86

i) Live load on slabs = 20.0KN/m2

ii) Live load on passage = 4.0KN/m2

iii) Live load on stairs = 4.0KN/m
 DESIGN CONSTANTS:

Using M30 and Fe 415 grade of concrete and steel for beams, slabs, footings, columns.
Therefore:
Fck =Characteristic strength for M30-30N/mm2
Fy =Characteristic strength of steel-415N/mm2

Assumptions Regarding Design:

Slab is assumed to be continuous over interior support and partially fixed on edges, due to
monolithic construction and due to construction ofwalls over it.
Beams are assumed to be continuous over interior support and they frame in to the column at
ends.

Assumptions on design:-

1. M20 grade is used in designing unless specified.

2. For steel Fe 415 is used for the main reinforcement.

3. For steel Fe 415 and steel is used for the distribution reinforcement.

4. Mild steel Fe 230 is used for shear reinforcement.

Symbols:

The following symbols have been used in our project and its meaning is clearly mentioned
respective to it:
A- Area
Ast. - Area of steel
b- Breadth of beam or shorter dimension of rectangular column
D - Overall depth of beam or slab
DL -Dead load
d1 -effective depth of slab or beam D - overall depth of beam or slab
Mu, (max) -moment of resistance factor
Fck-characters tic compressive strength Fy-characteristic strength of of steel
Ld- development length
LL - live load
Lx- length of shorter side of slab
Ly- length of longer side of slab
B.M. - bending moment
Mu - factored bending moment
Md - design moment
Mf -modification factor
Mx - mid span bending moment along short span
My -mid span bending moment along longer span
M’x -support bending moment along short span
M’y - support bending moment along longer span
pt -percentage of steel
W -total design load
Wd-factored load
Tc max -maximum shear stress in concrete with shear
Tv- shear stress in concrete
Tv-nominal shear stress
ɸ-diameter of bar
Pu -factored axial load
Mu,lim -limiting moment of resistance of a section without compression reinforcement
Mux,Muy- moment about X and Y axis due to design loads
 ADVANTAGES OF STAAD Pro

Following are the advantages of [Link] :

1. Covers all aspects of structural engineering

2. Broad spectra of design codes

3. International codes

4. Quality assurance

5. Reports and documentation

CONCLUSION

 Staad pro is widely used by most of the organization for their construction needs.
 Unfortunately, well skilled staad pro engineers are very hard to search.
 If we believe in the prediction of the industry experts then those students who will be
getting trained on staad pro in the current and upcoming two years will have bright and
successful career ahead in the real estate and construction domain
 By attending this training in [Link] we were able to learn various features of
[Link] which will be very helpful in the near future
 Dead Loads:

Dead loads consist of the permanent construction material loads compressing the roof, floor, wall,
and foundation systems, including claddings, finishes and fixed equipment. Dead load is the total
load of all of the components of the components of the building that generally do not change
over time, such as the steel columns,concrete floors, bricks, roofing material etc.
In [Link] assignment of dead load is automatically done by giving the property of the
member. In load case we have option called self-weight which automatically calculates weights
using the properties of material i.e., density and after assignment of dead load the skeletal
structure looks
Red in color as shown in the figure.

Fig4.4.1a Example for calculation of dead load;

 Deadload calculation

Weight=Volume x Density

Self-weight floor finish=0.12*25+1=3kn/m^2

The above example shows a sample calculation of dead load. Dead load is
calculated as per IS 875 part 1.
Live Loads:
Live loads are produced by the use and occupancy of a building. Loads include those from
human occupants, furnishings, no fixed equipment, storage, and construction and maintenance
activities. As required to adequately define the loading condition, loads are presented in terms of
uniform area loads, concentrated loads, and uniform line loads. The uniform and concentrated
live loads should not be applied simultaneously n a structural evaluation. Concentrated loads
should be applied to a small area or surface consistent with the application and should b e located
or directed to give the maximum load effect possible in end- use conditions. For example. The
stair load of 300 pounds should be applied to the center of the stair tread between supports.
In staad we assign live load innermost U.D.L .we has to create a load case for live load and select
all the beams to carry such load. After the assignment of the live load the structure appears as
shown below.
For our structure live load is taken as 25 N/mm for design. Live loads are calculated as per IS
875 part 2.
Fig 4.4.2a diagram of live load
 Wind loads:

In the list of loads we can see wind load is present both in vertical and horizontal loads. This is
because wind load causes uplift of the roof by creating a negative (suction) pressure on the top of
the roof

Fig 4.4.3a diagram of wind load

Wind produces non static loads on a structure at highly variable magnitudes. the variation in
pressures at different locations on a building is complex to the point that pressures may become
too analytically intensive for precise consideration in design. Therefore, wind load specifications
attempt to amplify the design problem by considering basic static pressure zones on a building
representative of peak loads that are likely to be experienced. The peak pressures in one zone for
a given wind direction may not, However, occur simultaneously in other zones. For some
pressure zones, The peak pressure depends on an arrow range of wind direction. Therefore, the
wind directionality effect must also be factored into determining risk consistent wind loads on
buildings
In fact, most modern wind load specifications take account of wind load directionality and other
effects in determining nominal design loads in some simplified form(sbcci,1999;
ASCe,1999).this section further simplifies wind load design specifications to provide an easy yet
effective approach for designing designing typical residential buildings. Because they vary
substantially over the surface of a building. Wind loadstar considered attwo different scales. on
large scale, the load produced on the overall building are on major structural systems that sustain
wind loads from more than one surface of building, are considered the main wind force resisting
systems (MWFRS).the MWFRS of a home includes the shear walls, Diaphragms that create the
lateral force resisting systems (LFRS).As well as the structural systems such as trusses that
experience loads from two surfaces are regimes of the building.
The wind loads applied to the MWFRS account for the large effects of time varying wind
pressures on the surface are surfaces of the building. On a Smaller scale, pressures are somewhat
greater on localized surface area of the building, particularly near abrupt changes in building
geometry (i.e., eaves, ridges, and corners). These higher wind pressures occur on smaller areas,
particularly affecting the loads borne by components and cladding (e.g., sheathing, windows,
doors, purling, studs).
The components and cladding (C&C) transfer localized time-varying loads to the MWFRS, at
which point the loads average out bothspatially and temporally since, at a given time, some
components may beat near peak loads while others are at substantially less than peak.
The next section presents a simplified method for determining both MWFRS and C&C wind
loads. Since the loads in the section 3.6.2 are determined for specific applications, the calculation
of MWFRS and C&C wind loads is implication the values provided.
 Design example

3.2 in section 3.10 demonstrate the calculation of wind loads by applying the simplified method
of the following section3.6.2to several design conditions associated with wind loads and the load
combinations.
Century, modernism morphed into the international style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways
by the Twin Towers of New York’s world trade center.
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of ornamented
styles. Yet as the of the movement lost influence in the late 1970s, postmodernism developed as
a reaction against the austerity of Modernism. Robert ventures’ contention that a “decorated
shed” (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside)
was better than a “Duck” (a building in which the whole form and its function are tied together)
gives an idea of this approach.
Assignment of wind speed is quite different compared to remaining loads. We have to define a
load case prior to assignment.
After designing wind load can be assigned in two ways
Collecting the standard values of load intensities for a particular height and assigning of the loads
for respective height.
Calculation of wind load as per IS 875 part 3.
We designed our structure using second method which involves the calculation of wind load
using wind speed.
In Hyderabad we have a wind speed of 45 kmph for 10m height and this value is used in
calculation.
After the assignment of wind load the structure looks as shown in figure
 Basic wind speed:

Gives basic wind speed of India, as applicable to 1mheight above means ground level for
different zones of the country. Basic wind speed is based on peak just velocity averaged over a
short time interval of about 3 seconds and corresponds to mean heights above ground level in an
open terrain.
The wind speed for some important cities/towns is given table below.
Design wind speed:

The basic wind speed (Vb) for any site shall be obtained the following effects to get design wind
velocity at any height (Vz)for the chosen structure.

Risk level

Terrain roughness, height and size of the structure and c) L o c a l topography

It can be mathematically expressed as follows: Vs.=Vb* K1* K2* K3

Where,
Vz = design wind speed at any height Z in m/s
K1= probability factor (risk coefficient)
K2=terrain height and structure size factor and
K3=topography factor

Table4.4.3.3 Basicwindspeedat10mforhightforsomeimportantcities/town:

CITIES SPEED BASIC WIND CITIES SPEED BASIC WIND

(m/s) (m/s)
Cuttack 50 Pune 39

Agra 47 Jhansi 47

Durbhanga 55 Raipur 39

Ahmadabad 39 Jodhpur 47
Darjeeling 47 Rajkot 39

Ajmer 47 Kanpur 47

Dehra dun 47 Ranchi 39

Alomar 47 Kohima 44

Delhi 47 Roorkee 39

Amritsar 47 Kurnool 39

Alanson 47 Rourkela 39

Gangtok 47 Lakshadweep 39

Auragabad 39 Simla 39
Gauhati 50 Srinagar 39

Bahraich 47 Ludhina 47

Gaya 39 Surat 44

Bangalore 33 Madras 50

Gorakhpur Tiruchchirappalli 47

Varanasi Madurai 39

Hyderabad Trivandrum 39

Bareilly 47 Mandi 39

Impale 47 Udaipur 47

Bhatinda 47 Mangalore 39

Jabalpur 47 Vododara 44

Bhalali 39 Moradabad 47

Jaipur 47 Varanasi 33

Bhopal 39 Mysore 50
Jamshedpur 47 Vijayawada 50

Bhuvaneshwar 50 Nagpur 44

Bhuj 50 Vishakhapatnam 50

Bikaner 47 Naimital 47

Bikaro 47 Nasik 39

Bokaro 47 Nellore 50

Bombay 44 Panjim 39

Calcutta 50 Patiala 47

Calicut 47 Patna 47

Chandigarh 47 Pondicherry 50

Coimbatore 39 Porblair 44

Figure4.4.3.3b WindLoad
Floor load:

Floor load is calculated based on the load on the slabs. Assignment of floor load is done by
creating a load case for floor load. After the assignment of floor load our structure looks as
shown in the below figure.
The intensity of the floor load taken is:0.0035 N/mm2

-Ve sign indicates that floor load is acting downwards.

Fig4.4.4.a Diagram of loor load

 Load combinations:

All the load cases are tested by taking load factors and analyzing the building in different load
combination as per IS456and analyzed the building for all the load combinations and results are
taken and maximum load combination is selected for the design
Load factors as per IS456-2000

Live load dead load wind

load

1.2 1.2 1.2

0.9 0.9 0.9

When the building is designed for both wind and seismic loads maximum of both is taken.
Because wind and seismic do not come at same time as per code.
Structure is analyzed by taking all the above combinations.
 Project: 1.1

Q). Calculate the Bending moment, shear force and deflection of simply supported beam in staad
pro and compare it with manually?
Sol.) Let us take example a beam of 5m span having cross section of (0.5 x 0.3)m and having
flexural rigidity 2x 10^5 mm4.

a) By using STAAD Pro:-

S.F. at support = 10 KN
B.M. at mid span = 12.5 KNm
Deflection at mid span = 0.052 mm
Maximum Bending Moment using Staad Pro.

Result

b) By analytically:

S.F. at support = Wl/2 = (4x5)/2 = 10 KN

B.M. at mid span = wl2/8 = 4 x 25/8 = 12.5 KNm Deflection at mid

span = 5 wl3/384 EI= 0.052 mm

Conclusion: The result obtained from the software and analytically are hundred percent
same.
 REVIT
GETTING STARTED

Welcome to Revit Architecture 2018 We hope you enjoy learning and using this revolutionary
parametric building modeller.
Revit Architecture is designed to accommodate various ways of working, so that you can
concentrate on your building models rather than on adapting your methodology to the
demands of the software. In this short tutorial, you learn how to use the features of Revit
Architecture to design, change, and document a building. You learn how you can make
design changes in any view of the building, and the parametric change engine in Revit
Architecture coordinates those changes in all other views.

Introduction

Installation

Before beginning the exercises, install the software and register it as either demo or subscription.
Demo mode serves as a no-cost viewer, allowing you to export, print, or plot projects that have
not been edited.

Imperial and Metric Convention

The exercises in this guide contain both imperial and metric values. This means that when you
see an imperial value, a metric value is displayed in square brackets next to it.
For example: In the Type Selector, select Basic Wall: Generic - 6'' [200mm].
All audiences using the metric measurements should follow the metric values in brackets only;
all metric measurements are in millimeters. Note that the imperial and metric values are not
direct conversions, but appropriate values for completing either the imperial or metric project.
Exploring the User Interface
When the Revit Architecture window is displayed, take a minute to view the different sections.
 Menu Bar and Toolbars
At the top of the window is the standard Microsoft Windows -based menu bar, from which you
an access all
Revit Architecture commands. Icons on the toolbars are buttons for executing common
Revit Architecture commands.

Options Bar

Below the toolbars is the Options Bar, which displays command options for the current operation.
If you click Wall on the Design Bar on the left side of the Revit Architecture window, the
Options Bar displays options related to the Wall command.

Type Selector

On the left side of the Options Bar is the Type Selector, a drop-down menu that lists different
types of elements to add to a project. You can choose an element type by selecting it from the
drop-down menu of the Type Selector.
Properties Button

To the right of the Type Selector is the Properties button , which

accesses a dialog in which you can change various parameters of a selected
component.

Design Bar

On the left side of the Revit Architecture window is the Design Bar, which lists
the commands available for the currently selected tab. There are 10 tabs: Basics,
View, Modelling, Drafting, Rendering, Site, Massing, Room and Area,
Structural, and Construction. To see all the tabs, right-click on the Design Bar.
To display a single tab, click the tab name.
Project Browser

To the right of the Design Bar is the Project Browser. The Project Browser is a listing of all
views, families, and groups in the project. You can select any of the items listed in the Project
Browser. A convenient way to open a view is to double-click the view name in the Project
Browser list.
Status Bar\
At the lower left corner of the drawing area is the Status Bar, which displays the status of the
current command or the name of a highlighted element.
View Control Bar
At the lower left corner of the drawing area, above the Status Bar, is the View Control Bar. The
controls are graphical shortcuts to various View commands, namely scale, detail level, graphics
style, advanced model graphics, shadows, crop region, and temporary hide/isolate. Some views,
such as sheets, drafting, and rendered views, have limited controls.
Drawing Area
The drawing area of the Revit Architecture window displays views (and sheets and schedules) of
the current project. By default, each time you open a view in a project, the view displays in the
drawing area on top of other open views. You can use commands on the Window menu to
arrange the project views.
Communication Center
The Communication Center provides quick access to resources at Autodesk, such as Live Update
maintenance patches, subscription information, articles, tips, and product support information.
For more information, see the Revit Architecture Help.
Getting Started
Now that you have explored the interface, you can start your first project. In this project, you use
some of the basic commands found in Revit Architecture. The exercises show how easy it is to
design a simple building with no previous experience.
Creating a Project
In this first exercise, you create and name a project in which you will create the building model
shown.
 Creating a Project

Create a project:
In the drawing area, under Projects, click New.
In the New Project dialog, under Create New, verify that Project is selected.
Under Template file, verify the second option is selected, and click Browse.
In the left pane of the Choose Template dialog, click Training Files, and open
\Imperial\Templates [Metric\Templates].
Select [Link] [[Link]], and click Open.
In the New Project dialog, click OK.

Name and save the project file:

Click File menu ➤ Save.
In the left pane of the Save As dialog, click Training Files, and then, in the file window, double-
click Imperial [Metric].
For File name, enter Getting_Started, and click Save.
Zoom to a view:
In the Project Browser, double-click Elevations (Building Elevation) ➤ South.
Enter ZR, to zoom to a specific region.
Note that the cursor changes to a magnifying glass.
In the drawing area, move the cursor diagonally and click to draw a rectangle around the level
markers.
The area within the rectangle is magnified to fill the drawing area so that you can work with the
level marker text.

Rename levels:
Double-click the Level 1 text, enter 00 Foundation, and press ENTER. Use a number as a prefix
to the name so the plans are sorted by level.
In the alert dialog, click Yes to rename corresponding views.
The floor and ceiling plans for Level 1 are renamed 00 Foundation.

Using the same method, rename Level 2 and its corresponding views as 01 Lower Level.

Create levels in the building:

Enter ZO to zoom out.
On the Design Bar, click Level.
On the Options Bar, click (Pick Lines), and, for Offset, enter 10' [3000mm].
In the drawing area, highlight the 01 Lower Level line; when a dashed line is displayed above the
level line, click to create a level (Level 3).
Using the same method, create a level above Level 3.

On the Design Bar, click Modify to end the command.

Rename the new levels and all corresponding views:
Level 3: Rename as 02 Entry Level
Level 4: Rename as 03 Roof

Double-click the level dimensions, and enter new values:

0'0'' [0mm]: Change to -14'0'' [-5250mm]
10'0'' [4000mm]: Change to -10'0'' [-3050mm]
■ 20'0'' [7000 mm]: Change to 0'0'' [0 mm]

■ 30'0'' [10000 mm]: Change to 10'0'' [3050 mm]

5 On the Design Bar, click Modify.

6 Save the project file.

Creating Walls
In this exercise, you work on different levels to add foundation walls to the project.

In the Project Browser, under Floor Plans, double-click 00 Foundation to open that view in the
drawing area.
On the Design Bar, click Wall.
In the Type Selector, select Basic Wall : Retaining - 12'' Concrete [Basic Wall : Retaining -
300mm Concrete].
On the Options Bar:

Click (Draw).
For Height, select 02 Entry Level.
For Loc Line, verify that Wall Centerline is selected.
Verify that Chain is selected.
In the drawing area, draw walls on the foundation level:
Click in the lower right quadrant to select the wall start point.
Move the cursor to the left, enter 40' [12000 mm], and press ENTER.

NOTE You do not need to specify the unit; Revit Architecture uses the units specified in the
project template.
Beginning at the new endpoint, move the cursor up, enter 22' [6900 mm], and press ENTER.
Move the cursor to the right, enter 40' [12000 mm], and press ENTER.
On the Design Bar, click Modify to exit the command.
In the Project Browser, under Floor Plans, double-click 01 Lower Level.
On the Design Bar, click Wall.
In the Type Selector, select Basic Wall: Foundation - 12'' Concrete [Basic Wall: Foundation -
300mm Concrete].
On the Options Bar, for Depth, select 00 Foundation.
Draw walls on the lower level:
In the drawing area, click the right endpoint of the south wall as the wall start point.
Move the cursor to the right, enter 6' 6'' [1950 mm], and press ENTER.
Move the cursor up, enter 5' [1500 mm], and press ENTER.
Move the cursor to the right, enter 10' 6'' [3150 mm], and press ENTER.

Move the cursor up, and select the intersection with the extension of the north wall.
Select the right endpoint of the north wall to complete the chain and connect the walls.

On the Design Bar, click Modify.

Save the project file.
Conclusions:

Designing using Softwares like Staad reduces lot of time in design work.
Details of each and every member can be obtained using staad pro.
All the List of failed beams can be Obtained and also Better Section is given by the software.
Accuracy is Improved by using software.
The entire period of Software Training has given me good & important practical exposure of
construction work. At the end of the Software Training I feel myself better equipped and ready to
face the software problems related to Civil Engineering works. In these six weeks, I have learnt
how to deal with Authorities and workers under supervision and I have become familiar with the
fact that the actual designing work is much difficult from theoretical knowledge. But until you
don’t have the theoretical knowledge, the practical work is very difficult to carry- out and
understand.
At the construction site we deal with the construction and maintenance phase of project but by
the means of software training we learn the initial two phase of project which are Planning and
designing.
Working with experienced structure designers has enhanced my technical skills to a great extent
for which I am grateful to them. Their professional approach towards work is appreciable.
The training has provided me with much needed field exposure to shape up my thinking in a
better way as a professional making me a lot more capable to face the challenges of life
 References:

1. Theory of Structures by ramamrutham for literature review on kani’s method.

2. Theory of structures by [Link] for literature on moment distribution method.
3. Reinforced concrete Structures by a.k. jain and [Link] fo rdesign of beams, columns and
slab.
4. Fundamentals of Reinforced concrete structure by N. c. Sinha.

Code Books

[Link] 456-2000 code book for design of beams, columns and slabs.
[Link]-16 for design of columns.