Exponents and Real

2
MODULE

Numbers
CALIFORNIA COMMON CORE

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION LESSON 2.1

Radicals and Rational
What sets of numbers are included in Exponents
the real numbers? [Link].1, [Link].2

LESSON 2.2
Real Numbers
[Link].3
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Real-World Video
Zoo managers must determine the amount of food
needed for a healthy diet for the animals.

[Link]

[Link] [Link] Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.
25
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need for Personal
this module. Math Trainer

Exponents [Link]
Online Practice
and Help

EXAMPLE Write (-5)3 as a multiplication of factors.

(-5)(-5)(-5) Write the base -5 times itself 3 times.

EXAMPLE Write 21 · 21 · 21 · 21 · 21 · 21 using a base and an exponent.

216 The base is 21 and the exponent is the number of factors 6.

Write each expression as a multiplication of factors.

1. 42 2. (-6)4 3. 121

Write each expression using a base and an exponent.

4. 7 · 7 · 7 · 7 · 7 5. 33 · 33 · 33 · 33 6. (-2) · (-2)

Evaluate Powers
EXAMPLE Evaluate (-3)4 - 62.
(-3)(-3)(-3)(-3) - 6 · 6 Write as a multiplication of factors.
81 - 36 Simplify.
45

Evaluate each expression.

7. 51 + (-9)2 8. 32 · 23 9. (25)0 - 53

Squares and Square Roots

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EXAMPLE Find √49 .
7 Because 7 · 7 = 49, 7 is the square root of 49.

Find each square root.

_ _ _
10. √ 16 11. √ 81 12. √10,000

26 Unit 1A
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
exponent (exponente)
Visualize Vocabulary rational numbers
Fill in the missing information in the chart below. (números racionales)
irrational numbers
(números irracionales)
Word Definition Example
exponent 34 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 81 Preview Words
4 is the exponent. radical expression
radicand
index
real numbers
closed

rational A number that can be

numbers written in the form b/a,
where a and b are
integers and b ≠ 0
_
A real number that π, √ 2 , e
cannot be expressed as
the ratio of two integers

Understand Vocabulary
To become familiar with some of the vocabulary terms in the module,
complete the following sentences using appropriate preview words.
You may refer to the module, the glossary, or a dictionary.

1. The consist of the rational numbers and the irrational numbers.

2. The of a radical expression indicates which root to take of the

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Active Reading
Key-Term Fold Before beginning the module, create a Key-Term
Fold Note to help you organize what you learn. Write a vocabulary
term on each tab of the key-term fold. Under each tab, write the
definition of the term and an example of the term.

Module 2 27
 GETTING READY FOR
Exponents and Real Numbers
Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the standards
will help you know exactly what you are expected to learn in this module.

[Link].1

Explain how the definition of the What It Means to You

meaning of rational exponents
You can rewrite expressions containing radicals
follows from extending the
as expressions with rational exponents and vice versa.
properties of integer exponents
to those values, allowing for a EXAMPLE [Link].1
notation for radicals in terms of _1
Rewrite 325 as a radical and simplify.
rational exponents.
Raising to the _15 power is the same as taking the 5th root.
Key Vocabulary _1 _
radical (radical) 325 =  √
5
32
An indicated root of a quantity. _
  =  √25
5

  = 2

[Link].2

Rewrite expressions involving

radicals and rational exponents
What It Means to You
using the properties of You can use the properties of exponents to rewrite and simplify
exponents. radical expressions and expressions containing rational exponents.

EXAMPLE [Link].2
Key Vocabulary _5
exponent (exponente) Simplify 83.

83 = 83 · 5
The number that indicates how _5 _1

many times the base in a power

is used as a factor.
=  ( 83 )5
_1

_
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= (√
3
8 )5
_ 5
= (√ 23 )
3

= 25 = 32

Visit [Link]
to see all CA
Common Core
Standards
explained.

[Link]

28 Unit 1A
 [Link].1
LESSON
Radicals and Rational
2.1
Explain how the definition
of the meaning of rational

Exponents exponents follows from

extending the properties of
integer exponents to those
values, allowing for a notation
for radicals in terms of rational
exponents. Also [Link].2

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How are radicals and rational exponents related?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY [Link].1

Defining Rational
_
Exponents _
Index 3
√ 125 Radicand
The radical symbol √1 is used to indicate square roots. Roots other
than square roots are indicated by using an index with the radical symbol.
An expression that contains radicals is a radical expression.
Complete the steps below to explore the relationship between radical
expressions and rational exponents. Recall that (am)n = amn.
_
A √ 4 = 4k

( ) ( )
2 2

   STEP 1   = Square both sides of the equation.

STEP 2 41 = 42k Power of a Power Property

STEP 3   = If bm = bn, then m = n.

STEP 4   =k Solve for k.

_
STEP 5 Substitute your value for k in the original equation: √4 = 4
_
B 3
√ 8 = 8k

( ) ( )
3 3

   STEP 1   = Cube both sides of the equation.

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STEP 2 81 = 83k Power of a Power Property

STEP 3 = If bm = bn, then m = n.

STEP 4 =k Solve for k.

_
STEP 5 Substitute your value for k in the original equation: √
3
8=8

REFLECT
1. Make a Conjecture How can you write the square root or the cube root of a
number n using an exponent?

Lesson 2.1 29
 Simplifying Expressions with Rational Exponents
1
__
Definition of b n
General Rule Examples
Math On the Spot
A number raised to the power of _1 is equal to n
_1 _ _1 _
[Link] b2 = √ b 252 = √ 25   =   5
the nth root of that number:
_1
n
_ _1 _ _1 _
bn = √ b, b3    =   √
  b 83  =   √ 8   =  2
3 3

_1 _ _1 _
where b ≥ 0 and n is an integer > 1. b4   =  √
   4 b 814    =  √
4
81   =   3
_1
You can use the definition of bn to simplify expressions with rational exponents.

EXAMPLE 1 [Link].1, [Link].2

Simplify each expression.

_1
A 643
_1 _ 1
__
643 =  √
3
64 Use the definition of b n.
_
=  √43
3
Rewrite the radicand as a cube.

=4
_1 _1
B 325 - 812
_1 _1 _ _ 1
__
325 - 812 =  √
5
32 - √ 81 Use the definition of b n.
_ _
= √25 - √92
5
Rewrite both radicands as powers.
= 2-9
= -7

REFLECT
_1
2. Justify Reasoning Is bn where b > 0 and n is a positive integer always a
positive integer? Justify your answer with reasoning or a counterexample.

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YOUR TURN
Simplify each expression.
_1 _1
3. 164 4. 1253

Personal _1 _1 _1 _1
Math Trainer 5. 492 + 273 6. 10003 - 646
Online Practice
and Help
[Link]

30 Unit 1A
 Using Properties with Rational Exponents
You can use properties of exponents to simplify expressions containing rational
exponents. Recall the following properties of exponents.

Properties of Exponents Math On the Spot

[Link]
Property Numerical example

Product of Powers Property am · an = am + n 22 · 23 = 25 = 32

am
__ 25
Quotient of Powers Property = am - n, a ≠ 0 __ = 22 = 4
an 23
Power of a Product Property (a · b)n = an · bn (2 · 3)2 = 22 · 32 = 36

( _12 ) = __12 = _14

n
( __ba ) = __ba , b ≠ 0
n 2 2
Power of a Quotient Property n 2

n
Power of a Power Property ( am ) = amn (22) = 22 · 2 = 24 = 16
2

1
Negative Exponent Property a-n = __
n,a≠0 2-2 = __
1 1
_
2 = 4
a 2

To simplify expressions with rational exponents use the properties of exponents

1
__
and the definition of bn.

EXAMPLE 2 [Link].1, [Link].2

Simplify each expression.

_2
A 1253
_2 _1
1253 = 1253 · 2 Write the exponent as a product

( )
_1 2
= 1253 Power of a Power Property
_ 2
=( ) 1
__
3
√
Math Talk
125 Definition of b n
_ 2
= (√53 ) Mathematical Practices
3
125 = 53
Why is it better to
= (5)2 evaluate the radical
expression first before
= 25 raising to a power?
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_3
B 814
_3 _1
814 = 814 · 3 Write the exponent as a product

( ) _1 3
= 814 Power of a Power Property
_ 3
=( )
1
__
4
√ 81 Definition of b n
_ 3
= ( √34 ) 4
81 = 34

= (3)3
= 27

Lesson 2.1 31
 _3 _1
C 642 = 642 · 3 Write the exponent as a product
My Notes
( )
= 642
_1 3
Power of a Power Property
_ 3
= ( √ 64 )
1
__
Definition of b n
_ 3
= ( √ 82 ) 64 = 82

= 83
= 512

REFLECT
7. Communicate Mathematicalm
Ideas Explain how you simplify any
__
expression of the form a n.

_2 _3
8. Example 2A showed how to simplify 1253. Is it possible to simplify 1252
using similar steps? Explain.

YOUR TURN
Simplify each expression.
Personal _4 _3
Math Trainer 9. 83 10. 252
Online Practice
and Help

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[Link] _3 _4
11. 15 12. 10003

Rational Exponents in Real-World Contexts

You can use rational exponents to describe relationships in real-world contexts,
such as the relationship between an animal’s required caloric intake and its mass.

Math On the Spot

[Link]

32 Unit 1A
 EXAMPLE 3 [Link].1, [Link].2

The approximate number of Calories C that an animal needs each day is given
_3
by C = 72m , where m is the animal’s mass in kilograms. Find the number of
4

Calories that each animal needs daily.

A a Siberian tiger with a mass of 256 kilograms
_3
C = 72m4
_3
   = 72(256)4 Substitute 256 for m.
_1
   = 72(256)4 · 3 3 __
__
4 4
=1·3

(
   = 72 2564
_1 3
) Power of a Power Property
_ 3
   = 72 · ( )
1
__
4
√ 256 Definition of b n
_ 3
   = 72 · (√44 )
4
256 = 44

   = 72 · (4)3
   = 72 · 64
   = 4608

The tiger needs 4608 Calories per day.

B an Asian elephant with a mass of 4096 kilograms

_3
C = 72m4
_3
   = 72(4096)4 Substitute 4096 for m.
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_1
   = 72(4096)4 · 3 3 __
__
4 4
=1·3

( )
_1 3
   = 72 40964 Power of a Power Property
_ 3
   = 72( )
1
__
4
√ 4096 Definition of b n
_ 3
   = 72(√84 )
4
4096 = 84

   = 72(8)3
   = 72 · 512
   = 36,864

The elephant needs 36,864 Calories per day.

YOUR TURN
_3
13. Use C = 72m4 to find the number of Calories that an Australian
shepherd dog with a mass of 16 kilograms needs each day. Personal
Math Trainer
Online Practice
and Help
[Link]

Lesson 2.1 33
Guided Practice

Simplify each expression. (Example 1)

_1 _1 _1
1. 1002 2. 10003 3. 325

_1 _1 _1 _1 _1 _1
4. 252 + 814 5. 2163 - 273 6. 812 - 646

Simplify each expression. (Example 2)

_2 _4 _5
7. 10003 8. 273 9. 646

_2 _3 _4
10. 643 11. 325 12. 1287

13. Near Earth’s surface, the time t required for an object to fall a distance d is given
_1
by t = _14d 2 , where t is measured in seconds and d is measured in feet. Find the
time it will take an object to fall 100 feet. (Example 3)

14. The relationship between the radius, r, of a sphere and its volume, V, is
( )
_1
3V 3
r = 4π . What is the radius of a sphere that has a volume of 36π
__
cubic units? (Example 3)

15. The relationship between the radius, r, of a sphere and its surface area, A, is
( )
_1
A 2
r = __4π . What is the radius of a sphere that has a surface area of 64π square

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units? (Example 3)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

16. What does the denominator of a rational exponent represent?

34 Unit 1A
 Name Class Date

2.1 Independent Practice

Personal
Math Trainer

Online Practice
[Link].1, [Link].2 [Link] and Help

Simplify each expression. Write the name of the property that is

_1 _1 demonstrated by each equation.
17. 252 · 814 _1
_1 _1 30. ( 252 )2 = 25
18. 3433 · 273
_2 _1
19. 1253 ÷ 252
31. 37 = 33 · 34
_1 _2
20. 10,0002 ÷ 10003
_2 _3 _3
21. 643 - 814 + 92
32. 3-2 = _19
_1
Use the equation t = _14 d 2 , where t is the time in
seconds and d is the distance in feet, to find the
( _23 )
3 8
time it takes for an object to fall each distance. 33. = __
27

22. 144 feet

23. 36 feet 34. 22 · 32 = (2 · 3)2

24. 16 feet
37
5 = 3
35. __ 2
25. 1 foot 3
_1
26. Use the equation t = _14 d 2 to determine the
height from which an object fell if it took 4
seconds to reach the ground. For each property, give an example that
demonstrates the property. Do not use an
example that has been shown in this lesson.

36. Power of a Power

If a right triangle has legs of length a and b_1 and
hypotenuse of length c, then c = (a2 + b2)2.
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Determine the length of the hypotenuse for a

right triangle with the given leg lengths. 37. Power of a Product

27. a = 5 in., b = 12 in.

38. Negative Exponent

28. a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm

39. Quotient of Powers

29. a = 12 mi, b = 9 mi

40. Power of a Quotient

Lesson 2.1 35
 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

41. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Use the Commutative Property

m
__
of Multiplication and the properties of rational exponents to rewrite 2.5 n as
two equivalent radical expressions. Explain what these two expressions mean
m
__
about different ways to evaluate 2.5 n.

42. Multiple Representations Show that a6 can be written as a perfect square

and as a perfect cube.

43. Critical Thinking Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication and the
Associative Property of Multiplication to show the Power of a Product Property
(a · b)n = an · bn is true.

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44. Critique Reasoning Jay said that by the Quotient of Powers property,
05 5− 2
__
2 = 0 = 03 = 0. Is this correct? Explain.
0

36 Unit 1A
 LESSON [Link].3

2.2
Explain why the sum or product
of two rational numbers
Real Numbers is rational; that the sum of
a rational number and an
irrational number is irrational;
and that the product of a
nonzero rational number and an
irrational number is irrational.

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What are the subsets and properties of real numbers?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 Prep for [Link].3

Understanding Real Numbers

p
Recall that a rational number can be expressed in the form __q , where p and q are
integers and q ≠ 0. The decimal form of a rational number either terminates or
repeats. For instance, _34 = 0.75 and – _56 = –0.8333….
An irrational number cannot be written as the quotient of two integers, and its decimal
form is nonrepeating and nonterminating. Examples of irrational numbers include
square roots of non-perfect
_ squares and cube roots of non-perfect cubes. For instance,
the decimal form of √3 is 1.7320508…, which neither repeats nor terminates.
Real numbers consist of all rational and irrational numbers.
The Venn diagram shows subsets of the set of real numbers. Each of the subsets
includes one example of a real number belonging to that subset.
Classify each number by writing it in the most specific area of the diagram.

A -5 Real Numbers

B 0 Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

C -√ 10
_ Integers π

8 -3
D - __
17 Animated
2
Whole Numbers Math
E 8 3
[Link]
F -12 154
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

_
G 3
√ 2

REFLECT
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How does the diagram show that all
whole numbers are integers and that all integers are rational numbers?

Lesson 2.2 37
 Properties of Real Numbers
All real numbers have the following properties with respect to addition and
multiplication.

Math On the Spot Properties of Real Numbers

[Link] Commutative Property of Addition a+b=b+a
Associative Property of Addition (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
The additive identity is 0, because
Additive Identity
a + 0 = a.
The additive inverse of a is –a,
Additive Inverse
because a + (–a) = 0.
Commutative Property of
a·b=b·a
Multiplication
Associative Property of Multiplication (a · b) · c = a · (b · c)
The multiplicative identity is 1,
Multiplicative Identity
because 1(a) = a.
The multiplicative inverse of a for
Multiplicative Inverse
()
a ≠ 0 is _a1, because a _a1 = 1.
Distributive Property a(b + c) = ab + ac

A set of numbers is closed under an operation if the result of the operation on any
two numbers in the set is also a number in that set.

EXAMPLE 1 [Link].3

A Determine whether the set {–1, 0, 1} is closed under addition.

Add each pair of elements in the set. Check whether each sum is in the set.
My Notes
–1 + (–1) = –2 [✘] –1 + 0 = –1 ✔ –1 + 1 = 0 ✔

0+0=0✔ 0+1=1✔ 1 + 1 = 2 [✘]

The sums –2 and 2 are not in the original set, so the set {–1, 0, 1} is not
closed under addition.
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B Show that the set of irrational numbers is not closed under addition.

Find two irrational numbers whose sum is not an irrational number.

_ _
√3 + (-√3 ) = 0 0 is not irrational.

The set of irrational numbers is not closed under addition.

REFLECT
2. Give an example that shows the set of integers is not closed under division.

38 Unit 1A
 3. Give an example that shows the set of irrational numbers is not closed

under multiplication.

4. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Under which operations is the set of

whole numbers closed? Not closed? Explain.

YOUR TURN
5. Is the set {–2, 0, 2} closed under addition? Explain.
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Practice
and Help
[Link]
6. Give an example that shows the set of irrational numbers is not closed under

division.

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 [Link].3

Proving that Sets are Closed

The set of integers is closed under addition and multiplication. Complete Steps
1–5 to prove that the set of rational numbers is closed under addition. Begin with
the definition of rational numbers a and b.

STEP 1 Let a and b be numbers.

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p
Then a = _q and b = _rs, where p, q, r, and s
p
are integers and q and s are not 0. a + b = _q + _rs

STEP 2 Find a common denominator. p

() () q
= _q _ss + _rs _q

STEP 3 Multiply. = __________ + __________

STEP 4 Add the numerators. = __________

Lesson 2.2 39
 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 (cont’d)

STEP 5 Conclusion: Because the numerator pq + qr and the denominator qs

ps + qr
are both , _____
qs is a rational number.

Summary: For each set of numbers in rows A – D , enter “Yes” if the set of
numbers is closed under the operation. Enter “No” if the set of numbers is not
closed under the operation.

Closure of Number Sets

Set Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
A Real numbers

B Irrational numbers

C Rational numbers

D Integers

REFLECT
7. Critique Reasoning In Step 5, how do you know that ps + qr and qs are
integers?

ps + qr
8. Critique Reasoning How does a + b = _____
qs prove that the set of rational
numbers is closed under addition?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. Draw Conclusions Given that the set of rational numbers is closed under
addition, how can you prove that the set of rational numbers is closed under
subtraction?

40 Unit 1A
 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 3 [Link].3

Complete Steps 1–8 to prove that the sum of an irrational number and a rational
number is irrational.

STEP 1 Let a be an irrational number and let b be a rational number.

Then b = _rs , where r and s are and s ≠ 0. This proof is called a “proof by
contradiction.” This is when an
STEP 2 The sum a + b must be either rational or irrational. assumption is made at the
beginning, and if the logical
Assume that the sum a + b is rational.
outcome is false, then the
Then a + b = , where p and q are assumption must be false.
and q ≠ 0.
p
a + b = _q
p
STEP 3 Subtract b from each side. a+b- = _q -

STEP 4 Substitute _rs for b. a=

STEP 5 Find a common denominator.

p
() ()
q
a = _q _ss - _rs _q

STEP 6 Multiply. a = _____________ - _____________

STEP 7 Subtract. a = _____________

ps - qr
STEP 8 Because ps – qr and qs are integers with qs ≠ 0, _____
qs is a rational
number. But in Step 1, a is given as an irrational number. This means

that the assumption that Math Talk

Mathematical Practices
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

was incorrect. So the sum of an irrational number and a rational

How do you know that
number must be . ps - qr and qs are
integers?

REFLECT
10. Justify Reasoning Use the results of Explore Activity 3 to justify that the
difference of an irrational number and a rational number is irrational.

Lesson 2.2 41
Guided Practice

Tell whether each set is closed under the given operation. (Example 1)

1. {0, 1}; multiplication 2. {0, 1}; addition 3. even integers; addition

4. Prove that the set of rational numbers is

closed under multiplication. (Explore
Activity 2) a × b = _______
Let a and b be rational numbers.
p
Then a = _q and b = _rs , where p, q, r, and s
are integers and q and s are not 0.
a × b · _b1 = _______ · _b1 (b ≠ 0)

a × b = _______ × _______ = _______

   a = _______ ÷ (b ≠ 0)

Because pr and qs are integers, _______ is a

rational number. So the set of rational    a = _______ ÷ _______ (s ≠ 0)

numbers is closed under multiplication.

5. Prove that the product of an irrational

number and a nonzero rational number is
irrational. (Explore Activity 3)
 a = _______ × _______ (r ≠ 0)
Let a be an irrational number and let b be a
nonzero rational number.
Then b = _rs , where r and s are integers and

r and s are not . The product a × b  a = _______

must be either rational or irrational. Assume

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that The final statement shows that a is a
number. But a is given as an irrational number.
Then a × b = _______ , where p and q are Therefore the assumption

is incorrect. So the
integers and q is not 0. product of an irrational number and a nonzero

rational number is .

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

6. How do you show that a set of numbers is not closed under a given operation?

42 Unit 1A
 Name Class Date

2.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

Online Practice
[Link].3 [Link] and Help

Write two numbers that fit each description. If Tell whether the set is closed under the operation.
there is no such number, write none. If it is not closed, justify your answer using an
example.
7. negative integer
16. negative integers; subtraction

8. negative rational number that is not an

integer 17. negative integers; addition

9. irrational integer 18. rational numbers; division

10. negative irrational number 19. {–2, 0, 2}; multiplication

20. negative integers; multiplication

Using whole, integer, rational, and irrational,
name all the subsets of the real numbers to which
each number belongs.
21. negative rational numbers; multiplication
11. 15

22. positive irrational numbers; addition

π
12. __
2

_
23. positive irrational numbers; multiplication
 3 8
√
13. -  2 ___
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24. {0, 1, 10}; multiplication

_
√ 36
14. ____
√
_
9
25. even integers; subtraction
0_
15. ___
√7

Lesson 2.2 43
 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

26. Make a Conjecture Consider any subset of the real numbers that consists only
of negative numbers. What can you conclude about whether the set is closed
under multiplication? Explain.

27. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain why any real number must be
either a rational number or an irrational number.

28. Explain the Error Drew wanted to determine whether the set of rational
numbers is closed under division. He concluded that the set is not closed
because _34 ÷ _14 = 3, and 3 is an integer. Explain Drew’s error.

29. Draw Conclusions Consider a set of numbers that is closed under addition
and subtraction. What number must be in such a set? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

30. Draw Conclusions Consider a set of numbers that is closed under

multiplication and division. What number must be in such a set? Explain.

44 Unit 1A
 Rea
Re
Ready
ady to
to Go
Go On?
On? Personal
Math Trainer

Online Practice
2.1 Radicals and Rational Exponents [Link] and Help

Simplify each expression.

1
_ 1
_ 2
_ 2
_
1. 362 – 814 2. 643 ÷ 325
5
_ 3
_ 2
_ 1
_ 2
_
3. 13 ÷ 162 4. 1253 – 642 – 83

Write the name of the property that is demonstrated by each equation.

5. 43 · 53 = 203 6. 43 · 45 = 48

_3
7. Use the equation t = _12 a2 to find the value of t when a = 16.

2.2 Real Numbers

Using whole, integer, rational, and irrational, name all the subsets of the
real numbers to which each number belongs.
_ _
8. √5 9. √9

_
10. -6 11. √_18
3

Tell whether the set is closed under the operation. If it is not closed,
justify your answer using an example.
12. irrational numbers; addition 13. rational numbers; multiplication
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION

14. What sets of numbers are included in the real numbers?

Module 2 Quiz 45
 Personal
MODULE 2 Math Trainer
MIXED REVIEW
Online Practice

Assessment Readiness [Link] and Help

1. Evaluate each expression. Is the expression equal to 4?

Select Yes or No for expressions A–C.
_2
A. 83 Yes No
_1
B. 162 Yes No
_1
C. 23 ‧ 26 Yes No

2. Consider the set of real numbers.

Choose True or False for each statement.
A. The product of a nonzero rational
number and an irrational number is
always irrational. True False
B. The product of two rational numbers
is always rational. True False
C. The product of two irrational
numbers is always irrational. True False
_1
3
3. Simplify the expression ___
3
_1. Explain how the expression and its simplified form
-33
show that the set of irrational numbers is not closed under division.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. A recipe calls for 150 grams of cheddar cheese. Dylan has 4.0 ounces of cheddar
cheese. How many more ounces will he need for the recipe? Explain how you
solved this problem. Use 1 kilogram ≈ 2.2 pounds.

46 Unit 1A