KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Activity 04: Gear Module
Submitted by:
Aakash Karki
ME-Energy
[017132]
Submitted to:
Dr. Ranjit Shrestha
DoME, KU
Date of Submission: 8Th MAY 2022
Introduction to Helical Gear
Helical gears are cylindrical gears that have a slanted tooth trace. They have a higher contact ratio than spur gears,
are quieter, have less vibration, and can transmit a large force. The helix angle of a pair of helical gears is the
same, but the helix hand is the opposite. Helical gears are similar to spur gears except that their teeth are cut at an
angle to the hole. (Axis) rather than straight and parallel to the hole like the teeth of a spur gear. The line of contact
between two teeth is inclined. It is suitable for high-speed rotations. The Wear and tear are reduced due to load
distribution between numerous teeth. They have higher strength than a spur gear. It the more effective than a spur
gear at reducing noise and vibration due to the gradual engagement of teeth. It produces axial thrust force. They
are used increasingly often as transmission components with higher efficiency.[1]
Terms used in Helical Gears
Figure 1: Helical Gear Nomenclature[1]
1. Helix angle: It is a constant angle made by the helices with the axis of rotation.
2. Axial pitch: It is the distance, parallel to the axis, between similar faces of adjacent teeth. It is the same as
circular pitch and is therefore denoted by pc.
3. Normal pitch. It is the distance between similar faces of adjacent teeth along a helix on the pitch cylinders
normal to the teeth. It is denoted by 𝑝𝑁 = 𝑝𝑐 cos ∝
4. Module: Module is a defining parameter of gear tooth size. Module values exist in both the normal and
transverse planes.
5. Pressure angle: Pressure angle is the angle of tooth drive action or the angle between the line of force
between meshing teeth and the tangent to the pitch circle at the point of the mesh. Typical pressure angles
are 14.5° or 20°.
6. Tooth Thickness: Tooth thickness is defined as the arc length of tooth material at the theoretical pitch
diameter.
7. Tooth Flank: The helical gear tooth flank is a 3-dimensional surface that can be defined numerically by
computing an involute curve for each transverse section along the gear face width.
8. Transverse Pitch: The transverse pitch of a helical gear corresponds to the pitch of spur gear with the
same number of teeth and the same pitch diameter. It is measured in the plane rotation of the gear.
9. Transverse pressure angle: The pressure angle measured in the transverse plane (plane perpendicular
to the axis of rotation) is called the transverse pressure angle.
10. Normal Pressure angle: The pressure angle measured in the normal plane (plane perpendicular to the
tooth) is called the Normal-pressure angle.
11. Centre distance: It is the distance between the two meshing helical gear axes.[2]
Forces on Helical Gear
Figure 2: Pictorial Views of Helical Gear Forces [3]
1. The tangential component of force (WT): The direction of the tangential component for a driving gear is
opposite to the direction of rotation, and that for a driven gear is the same as the direction of rotation,
2. The radial component of force (WN): The radial component on the pinion acts towards the center of the
pinion and on the gear acts towards the center of the gear.
3. The axial component of force (WA): The direction of the thrust component for the driven gear will be
opposite to that for the driving gear.
REFERENCES
[1] Kurmi, “Ch. 29 Helical Gears,” pp. 1066–1079, 2005.
[2] C. Meerut, “SCRIET ( MECHANICAL DEPATMENT ), CCSU MEERUT MACHINE DESIGN ( Helical Gears
LECTURE 5 ) Introduction Terms used in Helical Gears Forces on Helical Gear Equivalent Number of Teeth
for Helical Gears Strength of Helical Gears,” pp. 2–3.
[3] “Gear Force Analysis - Gear forces in spur and helical gears.”
[Link] 1 - Force [Link] (accessed May 08,
2022).
![REFERENCES
[1]
Kurmi, “Ch. 29 Helical Gears,” pp. 1066–1079, 2005.
[2]
C. Meerut, “SCRIET ( MECHANICAL DEPATMENT ),](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F326%2F573650013%2F4.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F573650013%2FGear-Module&__type=image)