Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Shoulder
Trapezius skull cervical & thoracic spine of scapula & clavicle scapular elevation, Accessory
vertebrae depression, retraction &
rotation
Rhomboids and Levator
Scapulae
Levator scapulae C1-C4 superior vertebral border, Elevates scapula C3-5, dorsal scapular
scapula
Rhomboid minor C7-T1 vertebral border of scapula adduct/retract scapula dorsal scapular
Rhomboid major T2-T6 (varies) vertebral border of scapula adduct/retract, downward dorsal scapular
rotate
Serratus and pectoralis
minor
Pectoralis minor ribs 3-5 coracoid Depression, protraction & Medial pectoral
downward rotation
Serratus anterior ribs 1-8 or 9 vertebral border, scapula Protraction & upward Long thoracic
rotation
abductors
Deltoid clavicle & scapula humerus anterior, middle & posterior axillary
fibres
Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa, scapula greater tubercle, humerus abducts humerus suprascapular nerve
Extensors
Latissimus dorsi T9-12, L1-5, posterior iliac intertubercular groove, extension of humerus Thoracodorsal
crest humerus
Teres major inferior angle, scapula Medial lip intertubercular Medial rotation Lower subscapular
groove, humerus
Teres minor lateral border, scapula greater tubercle, humerus Lateral rotation Axillary
Triceps infraglenoid tubercle, olecranon, ulna Radial
scapula
Flexors
Pectoralis Major ribs 2-6, sternum, medial greater tubercle, humerus Pectoral nerves
clavicle
Coracobrachialis coracoid process (scapula) shaft, humerus Musculocutaneous
Biceps (long head) supraglenoid tubercle, radial tuberosity Musculocutaneous
scapula
Elbow
Triceps brachii Long head –lateral border of posterior ulna – olecranon elbow extensor Radial nerve
the scapula
lateral head lateral shaft,
humerus
short head posterior shaft,
humerus
Biceps Long head, supraglenoid radial Elbow Flexion Musculocutaneous
tubercle tuberosity
- Short head coracoid
brachialis anterior shaft, humerus coranoid, ulna Elbow Flexion Musculocutaneous
Brachioradialis lateral supracondylar ridge, radial tubercle elbow flexor Radial
humerus
rotators of the forearm
Supinator lateral, proximal radius medial, proximal, posterior radial
ulna
pronator teres medial epicondyle lateral, mid-shaft, radius median
pronator quadratus anterior, distal ulna anterior, distal, radius median
rotators of the forearm
(deep)
Supinator Lateral epicondyle Lateral, posterior & anterior Radial
(humerus), radial collateral & proximal radius
annular ligaments (radius)
Pronator Teres Medial epicondyle Middle of lateral radius median
(humerus) and coronoid
process (ulna)
Pronator Quadratus Distal, anterior ulna Distal, anterior radius median
Flexor compartment - wrist
flexors (superficial)
flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle, humerus pisiform, hamate base of 5th Ulnar
metacarpal
flexor carpi radialis medial epicondyle, humerus base of 2nd and 3rd Median
metacarpal
Palmaris longus… medial epicondyle, humerus Median nerve
finger flexors (middle &
deep)
Flexor digitorum medial epicondyle, humerus, middle phalanges, digits 2-5 Median
superficialis adj. ulna & radius
Flexor digitorum profundus anterior ulna, interosseus distal phalanges, digits 2-5 Median & Ulnar
membrane
Flexor pollicis longus anterior radius, interosseus distal phalanx, thumb Median run through carpal
membrane tunnel with median nerve &
radial artery
wrist extensors
Extensor Carpi Radialis lateral epicondyle base of 2nd metacarpal Radial Nerve
Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis lateral epicondyle base of 3rd metacarpal Radial Nerve
Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris lateral epicondyle base of 5th metacarpal Radial Nerve
Finger extensors
Extensor Digitorum lateral epicondyle Extensor expansions, four Radial Nerve
fingers
Thumb extensors
abductor pollicis longus dorsal ulna and radius lateral border, 1st metacarpal Radial Nerve
extensor pollicis brevis shaft of radius proximal phalanx thumb Radial Nerve
extensor pollicis longus dorsal and lateral ulna lateral border, distal phalanx Radial Nerve
thumb