EXERCISE # 1

So, it show resultant above is san of three

Questions
based on
Displacement of particle waves
Q.4 A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion
Q.1 A particle is oscillating according to the
having time-period T. The time taken 3/8th
equation X=7 cos 0.5 t, where ' t ' is in
oscillation is-
second. The point moves from the position of
(A) (3/8)T (B) (5/8) T
equilibrium to maximum displacement in
(C) (5/12)T (D) (7/12)T
time-
Sol.[C] Time to complete 1/4 vibration = T / 4 sec.
(A) 4.0 second (B) 2 second
(C) 1.0 second (D) 0.5 second Time to complete 3/8th vibration from
Sol.[C] x = 7 cos 0.5 t general form of a
extreme position is obitained from y = =a
equation. 2
x = A cos t 2
Given equation compare with standard form cos wt = a cos .t
T
2 So time to complete 3/8th asaillation
= = 0.5 ; T = 4 sec.
T
T T 5T
T' = T / 4 = 4 / 4 = 1 sec. Ans. (C)  =
4 6 12
Q.2 The motion of a particle executing S.H.M. is
Questions Velocity
given by x = 0.01 sin 100 (t + .05), where x based on
is in meters and time is in seconds. The time
period is - Q.5 The velocities of a particle in SHM at
(A) 0.01 sec (B) 0.02 sec positions x1 and x2 are v1 and v2 respectively,
(C) 0.1 sec (D) 0.2 sec
its time period will be -
Sol.[B] x = 0.01 sin 100  (t + 0.52)
standard equation (A) 2 (v12  v 22 ) / (x 22  x12 )
x = A sin (t + )
(B) 2 (x12  x 22 ) / (v 22  v12 )
compare with this
0.01 sin (100 t + 100  0.5) (C) 2 (x12  x 22 ) / (v 22  v12 )
2
 = 100  = ; T = 0.02 sec
T (D) 2 (x12  x 22 ) / (v 22  v12 ) 

Sol.[C] v12 = 2 (A2 – x12) ......(i)

Q.3 The displacement y of a particle executing
periodic motion is given : v22 = 2 (A2 – x22) ......(ii)
y = 4 cos2 (t/2) sin (1000 t). This expression v12
may be considered to be a result of the 2 = put this in (ii)
A 2  x12
superposition of ........ independent harmonic
motions. v22 = v12 + 2 (x12 – x22)
(A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five v22 – v12 = 2(x12 – x22)
2
Sol.[B] y = 4 cos (t/2) sin 1000 t'
2
2(cos + 1) sin 1000 t v 22  v12  2  v 2  v12
w2 = ;   = 22
= 2 cos t = sin 1000 t 2 sin 1000 t x12  x 22  T  x1  x 22
1000 t 999
y = sin + sin + 2 sin 1000 t
2 2
y = y1 + y2 + y3
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 11
 Questions Acceleration
T2 x12  x 22 x12 x 22 based on
= ; T = 2 Ans.
4 2
v 22  v12 v 22  v12
Q.8 A particle executes SHM on a straight line.
(C)
At two positions its velocity u and v while
acceleration,  and  respectively [ >  > 0],
Q.6 The velocities of a particle in SHM at the distance between the these two positions
displacements x1 and x2 from mean position will be-
are v1 and v2 respectively. Its amplitude will
u 2  v2 u 2  v2
be - (A) (B) –
 
1/2
 x 2v2  x 2 v2 
(A)  2 12 12 2  u 2  v2 u 2  v2
(C) (D)
 v1  v 2    
1/2
 x 2 v2  x 2 v2  Sol.[B] u =  A 2  x 12 ......(i)
(B)  2 22 12 1 
 v1  v 2 
1/2
v =  A2  x 22 .....(ii)
 x 22 v12  x12 v 22 
(C)  

 =  2x 1 .....(iii)
 v 22  v12   =  x2 2
.....(iv)
1/2
 x 22 v 22  x12 v12  v – u =  (x2 – x1 ) =  (x2 – x1) (x2 + x1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
(D)  

 v 22  v12  u 2  v2
x2 – x1 = .....(v)
Sol.[A] v12 = 2 (A2 – x12) ....... (i) 2 ( x 2  x1 )
v22 = 2 (A2 – x22) ........(ii) from (iii) & (iv) ( + ) = – 2 (x1 – x2)
v12  u 2  v2
2 = put this value n (ii) from (v) & (vi) (x2 – x1) =
A 2  x12 
v12
v22 = 2
(A2 – x22) Questions
A  x12 based on
Energy
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
v1 A – v1 x1 = V2 x1 – v1 x2
A(v12 – v22) = v12x22 – v22x12 Q.9 A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant
v12 x 22  v 22 x12 2 × 106 N/m and amplitude 0.01m has a total
A= Ans. (A)
v12  v 22 mechanical energy of 160 joules. Its -
(A) Maximum potential energy is 100J
Q.7 The pendulum of the grandfather’s clock (B) Maximum K.E. is 160J
takes 1 sec to oscillate from one end to (C) Maximum P.E. is 160J
another a distance of 10 cms. Considering it a
(D) Minimum P.E. is zero
simple pendulum, find its maximum velocity-
(A) 4 cms/sec (B) 8 cms/sec 1 2
Sol.[C] Elastic potential energy = kx
(C) 12 cms/sec (D) 16 cms/sec 2
2 10 = (2 × 106) (0.01)2 = 100 J
Sol.[D] T = 2 sec;  = = ; A= =5
2 2 The energy is converted into kinetic energy
c.m maximum K.E. = 100 J
vmax = A = 5 = 5 × 3.14
Given that total mechanical energy is 160 J
= 15.70 cm = 16 cm / sec
Hence maximum potential energy is 160 J
(C)
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 22
Q.10 A particle is vibrating in a simple harmonic suspended from it. The frequency of
motion with an amplitude of 4 cm. At what oscillation will now become-
displacement from the equilibrium position, is (A) n (B) 2n
its energy half potential and half kinetic ?
(C) n/ 2 (D) n(2)1/2
(A) 1 cm (B) 2 cm
Sol.[A] n = 1 k
(C) 3 cm (D) 2 2 cm 2 m
Sol.[D] It displacement from mean ponition y
n1 = 1 2k
PE = K.E.(a  amplitude) 2 2m
1 1 1 k
n2 (a2 – y2) = m2y2 = = n Ans.
2 2 2 m
a
a2 – y2 = y2; 2y2 = a2 y =
2
Q.13 Two bodies M and N of equal masses are
4 suspended from two separate massless
y= = 2 2 cm Ans. (D)
2 springs of spring constants k1 and k2
respectively. If the two bodies oscillate
Q.11 A point mass of 0.1 kg is executing S.H.M. vertically such that their maximum velocities
with an amplitude of 0.1 m. When it passes are equal, the ratio of the amplitude of M to
through its mean position, its K.E. is 8 × 10–3J. that of N is-
If the initial angle of phase is 90º, the
k1 k1
displacement equation of the particle will be- (A) (B)
k2 k2
(A) 0.1 sin 4t (B) 0.1 sin 4t
(C) 0.1 cos 4t (D) 0.1 cos 4t k2 k2
(C) (D)
k1 k1
Sol.[C] (Given : K.E. 8 × 10–3 J, A = 0.01 J, M = 0.1
Kg] Sol.[D] Given = v1(max) = v2(max)
1 1A1 = 2A2
K.E. = m2A2
2
k
= spring constant are k1 & k2
2(kE ) 2  8  10 3 m
w2 = = =4
mA 2 (0.1)  (0.1) 2
A1  k2
= 2 =
 = 2; ( given : 90º) A2 1 k1
y = A sin (t + 90º); y = 0.1 (a) 4t
A1 k2
Correct option (C) =
A2 k1

There m is same for both Ans. (D)

Questions
based on
Spring mass system
Q.14 In the arrangement shown in fig., the spring
Q.12 A weightless spring which has a force has a spring constant of 2 Nm–1. The mass
constant 'k' oscillates with frequency 'n' when M = 3kg and m = 1kg. Mass M is in contact
a mass m is suspended from it. The spring is with a smooth surface. The coefficient of
cut into two equal halves and a mass 2m is
friction between the two blocks is 0.1. The

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 33

 time-period of S.H.M. executed by the system Q.16 Two pendulums of lengths 1.44 and 1 metre
is- length start swinging together. After how
many vibrations they will again start swing
together ?
k m (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
M 1144 1
Sol.[C] Ti = 2 ; T2 = 2
g g
(A)  (6) sec (B)  (2) sec
Let shorter pendulum make n vibrations.
(C) 2 2 sec (D) 2s Then longer will make one less than n to
come in phase again
d2x d2x k
Sol.[C] (M + m) = – kc; = i.e. nt2 = 2(n – 1)t1
dt 2
dt 2 (m  M )
12
k n × 1 = (n – 1)
2 = 10
(M  m)
n' = 6
( M  m) 4 n = n' – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5
So Time period. T = 2 = 2
k 2 Ans. (C)
Questions
= 2. 2 Ans. (C) based on
Compound pendulum

Q.17 If the distance between the centre of gravity

Questions
based on
Simple pendulum and point of suspension of a compound

Q.15 A simple pendulum whose length is slightly pendulum is  and the radius of gyration
less than that of a seconds pendulum start about the axis passing through its centre of
vibrating with another seconds pendulum in gravity is k, its time period will be infinite if-
the same phase. After 18 seconds, they again
(A)  = 0 (B)  = 
vibrate in the same phase . The periodic time
of simple pendulum is- (C)  = k (D) = 2k
(A) 0.9 sec (B) 1.8 sec
  K2 /  K2  2
(C) 1.4 sec (D) 1.6 sec Sol.[A] T = 2 = 2
g g
Sol.[B] 1t – 2t = 2n 1 = w1t
t (2 – 1) = 2.n 2 = w2t K2  0
= 
g0
 2 2 
t    = 2n for Ist phase n = 1
 T1 T2 
Q.18 A compound pendulum of mass 1kg is made
 1 1 to oscillate at distances 20 cms and 40cms on
18    = 1 (given t = 18 sec.)
T 8
both sides of the centre of gravity. The time
1 1 1 20 period is 1.5 sec in both cases. Its M.I. about
  =
T 18 2 36 the axis through the centre of gravity in
T = 1.8 sec Ans . (B) kg × m2 units is-
(A) 2 × 10–2 (B) 4 × 10–2
(C) 8 × 10–2 (D) 800
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 44
Sol.[C] K =  1 2 (here 1, 2 are length of  for due to its  decreases and T  , Then T

same time period) decreases and finally c.m set previous

position S. Time period also attain starting
given 1 = 20 cm, 2 = 40 cm]
value.
40 20 2 1 2
K2 = × =  
100 100 5 5 25
 Fill in the blanks type questions
2 2
I = MK = × 1 = 8 × 10–2 Ans. Q.21 The figure shows a simple pendulum of
25
length  suspended from the ceiling of trolley

Q.19 The time period of a ring of radius R which is sliding down an inclined plane of
suspended from a peg and the time period of angle  with the horizontal. Its time period is
a thin rod of length L suspended from one given by ..........
end are the same. The relation between L and
R is-
(A) L = R (B) L = 2R
(C) L = 3R (D) L = 4R


Sol.[C] Given Time period ring = Time period thin Sol.
rod
2R 2
2 = 2
g 3g

R =  / 3 ;  = 3R

geffective = g cos
Q.20 A hollow metal sphere is filled with water

and hung by a long thread. A small hole is Hence T = 2
g cos 
drilled at the bottom through which water
slowly flows out. Now the sphere is made to 
T = 2
g cos 
oscillate, the period of oscillation of the
pendulum -
(A) Remains constant Q.22 The figure shows the displacement-time
graph of a particle executing SHM. If the
(B) Continuously decreases
time period of oscillation is 2s, then the
(C) Continuously increases
equation of motion is given by x = .................
(D) First increases and then decreases x
Sol.[D] First water leak outs from metal sphere due to (mm)
this c.m of the system shift downward 10
therefore effective length of simple pendulum 5
O
increases. So T  ; So T also increases. t(s)
After that slowly C.m again rises upward & –10

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 55

Sol. xm
x
10

Displacement
(mm)
2
10
O t sec
5 1 2
O
t(s) 10

–10 2
T = 2s.
T
2 = 1 sec.
   = =  rad/s. 2
T
T = 2s
at t = 0, y = 5mm.
  =  rad/s

  = a = – 2A
6
Amplitude = 10 mm 10
 A= m.  a = 10 ms–2
5 = 10 sin (0 + ) 2
1
 sin  =
2 Q.24 Use above graphs to solve this. The
 displacement amplitude is .....................
= 30º or
6
10
  Sol. Displacement amplitude = m.
y = 10 sin  t   2
 6

Q.25 Use above graphs to solve this. The kinetic

Q.23 The acceleration versus time graph of a
energy of particle is maximum at t =
particle executing SHM is shown in fig.(A).
................. and t = ...................
Plot the displacement versus time graph in
Sol. KE of Particle is maximum when it is passing
fig.(B) through mean position
a i.e. at t = 0.5 and t = 1.5 s.

10
(ms–2)
O t(s)
1 2

–10
(A)
x
(m)
O t(s)

(B)
Sol. Since phase difference between acceleration
and displacement = .

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 66

 EXERCISE # 2
(Only single correct answer type R
Sol.(A) Since T = 2 for SHM
Part-A g
questions)
1
Q.1 Two pendulums have time-periods T and 2 2 g  g 2
= = = ; =  
5T/4. They start S.H.M. at the same time T R R R
from the mean position. What will be the 2
g
phase difference between them after the 
bigger pendulum has completed one Q.4 Two simple pendulums of lengths 1 meter
oscillation ? and 16 meter respectively are both given
(A) 45º (B) 90º (C) 60º (D) 30º small displacements in the same direction at
Sol.(B) When bigger pendulum completes one the same instant. They will again be in phase
after the shorter pendulum has completed n
5
oscillation, smaller Pendulum completes oscillations where n is -
4
1 1
1 (A) (B) 1 (D) 5 (D) 4
oscillation, i.e. difference of oscillation. 4 3
4
Sol.(B) Given 1 = 1m and 2 = 16 m
Hence  = 90º.
1 16
Q.2 A simple pendulum (whose length is less than T1 = 2 , T2 = 2
g g
that of a second's pendulum) and a second's
pendulum starts swinging in phase. They T2 n
 = 4 or 1 = 4
again swing in phase after an interval of 18 T1 n2
second from the start. The period of the n1 n n
–1=3 1 2 =3
simple pendulum is - n2 n2
(A) 0.9 sec (B) 1.8 sec Two pendulums will swing together if
(C) 2.7 sec (D) 3.6 sec n1 – n2 = 1.
Sol.(B) A simple pendulum having length less than 1 1
second's pendulum. Its time Period is less  =3 or n2 =
n2 3
than
1 4
2s. Therefore (n + 1) oscillations made by n 1 = 1 + n2 = 1 + =
3 3
simple pendulum and cases in phase with
seconds Pendulum which has completed 9 Q.5 A mass M is suspended from a spring of
oscillations in 18s. negligible mass. The spring is pulled is a little
Hence (9 + 1) = 10 oscillations are completed and then released so that the mass executes
by simple pendulum in 18 s. simple harmonic oscillations with a time-
18 period T. If the mass is increased by m, then
 T= = 1.8 s.
10 5 
the time period becomes  T  . The ratio of
Q.3 A tunnel is drilled along the diameter of the 4 
earth. A particle executes S.H.M. in this (m/M) is -
(A) 9/16 (B) 25/16 (C) 4/5 (D) 5/4
tunnel and another particle performs uniform
circular motion along the surface of the earth. M
Sol.(A) T = 2
The two particles start their journey k
simultaneously from one end of the tunnel 5T Mm
and = 2
and reach another end at the same time. The 4 k
angular velocity of the particle performing 5 Mm
circular motion is -  = 25 M = 16 M + 16 m
4 M
(A)  = (g/R)1/2 (B)  = (R/g)1/2
m 9
(C)  = (gR) 1/2
(D)  =  9M = 16 m  = .
M 16
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 77
Q.6 A clock is based on oscillations of a spring Q.8 A spring mass system is hanging from the
and a clock P is based on pendulum motion. ceiling of an elevator in equilibrium. The
Both clocks run at the same rate on earth. On elevator suddenly starts accelerating upwards
a planet having the same density as earth, but with acceleration a, the amplitude of the
twice the radius- resulting S.H.M. is -
(A) S will run faster than P
k
(B) P will run faster than S
(C) they will both run at the same rate as on m
earth
mg ma
(D) they will both run at equal rates, but not (A) (B)
k k
the same as on the earth
m(g  a ) m(g  a )
Sol.(B) Clock P based on Pendulum motion. (C) (D)
k k
4 Sol.[C] If g exist
g on earth =  GR
3 T – mg = ma ; T = mg + ma
4 3  kx = mg + ma
 ( 2 R )   G
3
g on Planet =  
x=
mg  ma
=
m(g  a )
( 2R ) 2 k k
4 
In given problem g = 0
= 2   GR = 2g ma
3  x=
k
So its time period decreases and it runs faster.
Where as clock based on spring, does not
Q.9 A plank of negligible mass oscillates with a
depend on g, therefore P runs faster than S.
body of mass m as governed by

Q.7 A person normally weighing 60kg stands on a y = sint + 3 cost The time at which the
platform which oscillates up and down mass just loses contact is–
vertically at a frequency 2.0sec–1 and an 2  2
amplitude 5.0cm. If a machine on the (A) (B)
3g 3 g
platform gives the person's weight then the
2  2 
maximum reading will be(take g = 10 m/sec2) (C) (D)
3 g g 6
(A) 701. 3 kg (B) 3.701 kg
(C) 731.0 kg (D) 107.3 kg Sol.(A) y = sint + 3 cos t

Sol.(D)  amax = 2A = (2n)2A given n = v=

dy
=  cos t – 3  sin t
–1
dt
2s
amax = 42n2A A = 0.05m d2y
a= = – 2 sin t – 3 2 cos t
g = 10 m/s2 dt 2
= 4 × 9.86 × 4 × 0.05 = – 2 (sint + 3 cos t)
amax = 7.888 m/s2 a = –  2y
m(g  a max )
Therefore Mmax = maximum acceleration for the mass to stay on
g
plank is g
60(10  7.888)
=
10 2
Hence it will lose contact at time .
= 6 × 17.888 = 107.3 kg 3g

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 88

Q.10 Two S.H.M’s of unequal amplitude with (A)  N/m
same frequency (act) on a particle at right (B) 2 N/m
angles, with a phase difference of /2. The (C) 2 N/m
resultant motion is – (D) can't be the determined using the given
(A) a straight line at 45º to x-axis data
(B) an ellipse Sol.(B)
(C) a circle
(D) dependent on ratio
k k
 
Sol.(B) x = A1 sin t and y = A2 sin  t  
 2

x
sin t = and M = 1kg 4M
A1
1 4 1
T1 = 2 and T2 = 2 = 2 × 2
   k k k
y = A2 sin t cos  cos t sin 
 2 2  T2 = 2T1, since these are in phase every 4
second.
y = A2 cos t
 T2 = 4 sec.
y = A2 1  sin 2 t 4 = 2 × 2
1

1
=
1
k k 
y x2  k =  N/m 2
= 1
A2 A12

y2 x2
 =1– Q.12 A particle of mass m is located in a potential
A 22 A12
field given by U(x) = U0 (1 – cos ax) where
x2 y2 U0 and a are constants. The period of small
or + = 1. This is the equation of
A12 A 22 oscillations is -

ellipse, so path is ellipse. U0 mU 0

(A) 2 (B) 2 
ma 2 a2

Q.11 Two identical springs are fixed at one end a0 m

  (C) 2 (D) 2
and masses M and 4M are suspended at their mU 0 U 0a 2
other ends as shown in figure. They are both Sol.(D) U(x) = U0 (1 – cos a x), U0 and a are constant.
stretched down from their mean position and dU
 F=– = – U0 a sin ax.
let go simultaneously. If they are in the same dx
phase every 4 seconds, the spring constant k d2x
m = – U0a (ax) (for small angles sin ax =
is- dt 2
ax)
d2x 
U a 2 
k k  = –  0  x = – 2 x .
dt 2  m 
 
m
 T = 2
U 0a 2
M = 1kg 4M

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 99

Q.13 A uniform spring whose unstressed length is  K 
a=–  x
, has a force constant K. The spring is cut  m
M
mKx
into two pieces of unstressed lengths 1 and Force on upper block = –
(M  m)
2, where 2 = n1, n being an integer. Now a for max. Amplitude
mKA
mass m is made to oscillate with first spring. =  mg
Mm
The time period of its oscillation would be -
KA 20  0.4
 min. = =
mn g(M  m) 10(5  1)
(A) T = 2
K (n  1) min- = 0.133.
m
(B) T = 2
K (n  1) Q.15 A uniform rod of length  is suspended by an
m
(C) T = 2 end and is made to undergo small
nK
oscillations. What is the length of a simple
m(n  1) pendulum which has the same time period as
(D) T = 2
nK
that of the rod ?
Sol.(B) Given 1 +  2 =  and 2 = n1
(A)  (B) /2
1 + n1 = 
(C) 2/3 (D) /3

1 =  k1 = (n + 1) k Sol.(C)
(n  1)
A
m m
T = 2 = 2
k1 (n  1)k /2

 B C.G.
Q.14 A block of mass m =1 kg placed on top of
another block of mass M = 5 kg is attached to
a horizontal spring of force constant K = 20
N/m as shown in figure. The coefficient of Let A = suspension point, B = C . G.
friction between the blocks is µ where as the m 2 2 m 2
M.I. about A = + m = .
lower block slides on a frictionless surface. 12 4 3
The amplitude of oscillation is 0.4 m. What is I 2m 2
T = 2 = 2
the minimum value of µ such that the upper mg 3mg
block does not slip over the lower block ? 2
K m 2
M T = 2
3g
(A) 0.133 (B) 0.5
(C) 0.362 (D) 0.21 x
For simple pendulum T = 2 .
Sol.(A) g
K = 20 N/m m =1 kg 2
M = 5 kg
 x= .
3
A = 0.4 m Blocks will oscillate together.
(M + m) a = – K x. Q.16 A diatomic molecule having masses m1 and
m2 has its P.E. function about the equilibrium
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 10
10
 position r0 as given by U(r) = –A + B(r – r0)2
where A and B are constants. When the
atoms vibrate at high temperature conditions,
the square of the angular frequency will be –
2B 2B 3M 3M
(A) (B) (A) 2 (B) 2
m1 m2 2K 5K
2B(m1  m 2 ) 2Bm1m 2 7M M
(C) (D) (C) 2 (D) 2
m1 m 2 ( m1  m 2 ) 5K K
dU Sol.(C)
Sol.(C) F = – = – 2B (r – r0)
dr
k
d2x 2B M
=– (r – r0)
dt 2  R
m1m 2
 = reduced mass,  = The sphere is rolling without slipping.
m1  m 2
1 1 1
2B 2B(m1  m 2 ) Hence E = 12 + Mv2 + kx2
2 = = 2 2 2
 m1m 2 2
1 2 2 v 1 1
E=  MR  2
+ Mv2 + kx2
2 5  R 2 2
Q.17 Three S.H.M. of equal amplitude A and equal 7 1 2 1
time period in the same direction combine.
E=  Mv  + kx2
5 2  2
The difference in phase between each pair is E = constant in SHM
60º ahead of the other. The amplitude of the dE
 =0
resultant oscillation is – dt
(A) a (B) 2a (C) 0 (D) 4a dE 7  dv  dx
=  Mv  + kx =0
Sol.(B) Resultant of first two SHM dt 5  dt  dt
R2 = A2 + A2 + 2AA cos 60 = 3A2
7 dv 
A sin  A sin 60 v  M  kx   0
and tan 1 = = 5 dt 
A  A cos  A  A cos 60
3 7M d 2 x
A or = – kx.
1 5 dt 2
tan1 = 2 =
A 3 d2x  5k 
A =–  x
2 2
dt  7M 
1 = 30º
Phase Difference between resultant & 3rd 5k
2 =
7M
SHM
= 30º + 60º = 90º 7M
 T = 2
5k
 R2 = 3A2 + A2 + 3 A . A cos 90 = 4A2
R = 2A Q.19 Four springs of constant as shown are
attached to a pair of masses m each as shown.
Q.18 A solid sphere (M) attached to a massless The time period will be 2 times-
spring (K) can roll without slipping along a k
horizontal surface. If the system is released 2k 2k
m m
after an initial stretch, the time period will be– k

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 11

11
 m 2m 1  ML2 
(A) (B) =   2 + 5 Ky2
k k 2  3  8
 
4m 3m ML2 2 5
(C) (D) = + KL22
k 4k 6 8
Sol.(D) dE
=0
k dt
2k 2k
m m ML2 d 5 d
  =– KL2 
k 3 dt 4 dt
1 1 1 1 3
= + + = M d 2 5
k eff 2k 2k 2k 2k 2
=  K
3 dt 4
2k mm m
keff = & = = . d 2  15K 
3 mm 2  2
=–  
dt  4M 
 m
T = 2 = 2 1 15K
k eff k  n=
2 2 2 4M
3
3m 3m
T = 2 ; T = 2
4k 4k One or more than one correct
Part-B
answer type questions
Q.20 A long uniform rod of length L, mass M is
Q.21 A body of mass m is suspended from two
free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a
light springs of force constants k1 and k2
vertical axis through its end. Two springs of
separately. The periods of vertical oscillations
constant K each are connected as shown. On
are T1 and T2 respectively. Now the same
equilibrium, the rod was horizontal. The
body is suspended from the same two springs
frequency will be –
which are first connected in series and then in
y parallel. The period of vertical oscillations are
 Ts and Tp respectively –
L L
(A) Tp < T1 < T2 < Ts for k1 > k2
K 2 2
K 1 1 1
(B)  
1 15 K 1 15 Tp2 T12 T22
(A) (B)
2 M 2 4M (C) Ts2 = T12 + T22
1 3K 1 15 K (D) Ts  T1  T2
(C) (D)
2 4M 2 4M Sol.(A,B,C)
Sol.(D)
m m
T1 = 2 , T2 = 2
y k1 k2

L L m m ( k1  k 2 )
TP = 2 , Ts = 2
K 2 2 k1  k 2 k1k 2
K
In SHM energy is constant.  TP < T1 < T2 < Ts for (k1 > k2)
 y = L 1 1 1
 = +
2 TP2 T12 T22
1 2 1 1 y
E= I + Ky2 + K   k1  k 2 k1 k2
2 2 2 2 = +
2 2
4 m 4 m 4 2 m
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 12
12
  T s 2 = T 12 + T 22 (C) Its total mechanical energy (potential
4 2 m( k1  k 2 ) 4 2 m 4 2 m
energy + kinetic energy) varies
= + periodically with period 4f
k1k 2 k1 k2
(D) Its total mechanical energy is constant
with infinite period
Q.22 A particle of mass 2 kg moving along x-axis
Sol.(A,B,D)
has potential energy given by
U = 16x2 – 32x (in joule), where x is in metre. Particle oscillating with frequency f.
Its speed when passing through x = 1m is 1
PE = m2A2 sin2t
2ms–1. Then- 2
(A) The motion of particle is uniformly 1
and K.E. = m2A2 cos2t.
accelerated motion 2
(B) The motion of particle is oscillatory from 1
E= m2 A2.
x = 0.5 m to x = 1.5 m 2
(C) The motion of particle is simple harmonic T 3T
 PE is max at and in one cycle.
 4 4
(D) The period of oscillatory motion is s.
2 Hence frequency = 2f.
Sol.(B,C,D) T
m = 2kg. at x = 1m, v = 2 m/s.    is max at T = 0 and in one cycle.
2
U = 16 x2 – 32 x
Hence frequency = 2f.
dU
F=– = – 32 x + 32  Sum of PE + KE always remains
dx
constant.
at mean position F = 0.
 x = 1 m is mean position and at mean
position vmax = A = 2 m/s. Q.24 A particle of mass m is executing a motion in
 F = – 32 x. which the velocity when plotted against
ma = – 32 x.
x2 v2
displacement follows the curve  1,
  32  a2 b2
a=   x
 m 
where a and b are positive constants and a <
32
 2 = = 16.  = 4 rad/s. b. If U, K and T denote the average potential
2
2 energy, average kinetic energy and total
 Amplitude A = = 0.5 m
4 energy of the particle respectively, then –
Therefore particle oscillates between x = 0.5
T 1
m to x = 1.5 m. (A) U = K = = mb 2
3 6
2 2 
 T= = = sec. (B) U  K  T
 4 2
(C) U = K  T
Q.23 A particle is oscillating with frequency f. T 1
Then-(Assume no damping effects) (D) U = K = = mb 2
2 4
(A) Its potential energy varies periodically
x2 v2
with frequency 2f Sol.[C,D] 2
+ =1
a b2
(B) Its kinetic energy varies periodically with
frequency 2f at x = ± a , |v|max = b

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 13

13
 1 1 C
[Link] = mv2 = T = mb2 B
2 2 90º
1 1
[Link] = [Link] = Mb2 O m
2 4
Tavg 1
Uavg = [Link] = = Mb2 A
2 4
(A) Extension in springs are same
Q.25 A horizontal spring-mass system of mass M m
(B) 2
executes oscillatory motion of amplitude a0 2k
and time period T0. When the mass M is (C) Extension in A is different from B and C
passing through its equilibrium position
m
another mass m is placed on it such that both (D) 2
3k
move together. If a and T be the new
Sol.(B,C)
amplitude and time period respectively then –
M Mm k k
(A) a  a0 (B) a  a0 B C
Mm M 45º 45º
O m
M Mm
(C) T  T0 (D) T  T0
Mm M k
Sol.(A,D) A

M Let us push the point-mass O, by a

T0 = 2
k small distance y towards A. The B and C are
Mm stretched by y, (y = y cos 45º)
and T = 2
k Net restoring force
when mass m put at equilibrium. F = FA + FB cos 45 + FC cos 45
Mm = ky + ky cos 45 + ky cos 45
T= T0 = ky + 2 k (y cos 45) cos 45
M
as mass increases amplitude decreases to  2k 
F = 2 ky a = –   y.
  m
M
a=   a 0.
 Mm  m
   T = 2
2k

Q.26 A particle of mass m is attached to three    Compression in A is different

identical springs A, B and C each of force from extension in B and C.
constant k as shown in figure. If the particle
Q.27 Two identical balls A and B each of mass 0.1
of mass m is pushed slightly against the
kg are attached to two identical massless
spring A and released, then the time period of
springs. The spring mass system is constrained
oscillation is –
to move inside a rigid smooth pipe bent in the
form of a circle as shown in the figure. The pipe
is fixed in a horizontal plane. The centres of the
balls can move in a circle of radius 0.06 m.
Each spring has a natural length of 0.06  m and
force constant 0.1 N/m. Initially, both the balls
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 14
14
 are displaced by angle  = /6 radian with T2 T3 2
(C) T1 = (D) T1 = T22  T32
respect to the diameter PQ of the circle and T22  T32
released from rest. The frequency of oscillation
Sol.(A, C)
of the ball B is-
When elevator at rest, times period of
pendulum
A B 
T1 = 2
y1 /6 /6 y2 g
P Q
 When elevator moving up with
acceleration

1 a, Then T2 = 2
(A)  Hz (B) Hz ga

 When elevator moves down with
K acceleration a, Then
(C) Keq = (D) Keq = 2K
2 
T3 = 2
Sol.(B,D) ga
 T3 > T2 and T1 both.
A B
T2 T3 2
y1 /6 /6 y2  T1 =
P Q T22  T32

Part-C Assertion-Reason type questions

m1 = m2 = 0.1 kg
k1 = k2 = 0.1 N/m. The following questions consists of two
R = 0.06 m.
statements each, printed as Assertion and
This is a case of reduced mass.
Reason. While answering these questions you
m1m 2 0.1 0.1
= = are to choose any one of the following four
m1  m 2 0 .1  0 .1
 = 0.05 kg responses.
and k(effective) = k1 + k2 = 0.1 + 0.1 (A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and
keff = 0.2 N/m. the Reason is correct explanation of the
1 k eff 1 0.20 Assertion.
Therefore n = =
2  2 0.05
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but
1
 n  Hz Reason is not correct explanation of the

Assertion.
and keff = k + k = 2k
(C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
Q.28 A pendulum suspended from the roof of an (D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
elevator at rest has a time period T1; when the
elevator moves up with an acceleration a its Q.29 Assertion : A particle of mass 0.1 kg executes
time period becomes T2; when the elevator SHM under a force F = (–10 x) newton. Speed
moves down with an acceleration a; its time of particle at mean position is 6 m/s. Then
period becomes T3 then – amplitude of oscillations is 0.6 m.
(A) T3 > T2 and T1 (B) T2 > T3 > T1 Reason : There is a conservation of
mechanical energy.
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 15
15
 k 10
Sol.(A) 2 = = = 100  = 10 rad/s
m 0 .1 Q.33 A block of mass m = 2 kg is connected with
6m / s spring (k = 3200 N/m) and placed on a
Vmax = A, A = = 0.6
10rad / s frictionless horizontal surface as shown in
Both Assertion and Reason are true and figure. Initially it is compressed by a distance
reason is correct explanation. 10 cm. It is then released at t = 0.

Q.30 Assertion : The maximum velocity is SHM is

vm. The average velocity during motion from
one extreme position to other extreme
position will be 2vm/. Column I Column II
Reason : Average velocity is the mean of the 
(A) Time for the mass to move (P) sec
maximum and minimum velocity of particle 160
is SHM. by distance first 5 cm
Sol.(C) Assertion is true but reason is false. 
(B) Time for the mass to move (Q) sec
240
Q.31 Assertion : Two SHM’s along x and y axes by next 5 cm distance
with angular frequency ratio 1 : 2 = 1 : 2, 
(C) Time at which kinetic (R) sec
with same amplitude results in a parabolic 120
path on super-position. energy and potential
Reason : The x and y displacements are energy becomes
related as y  x . 2
equal for the first time
Sol.(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and

(D) Time at which kinetic energy (S) sec
Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. 40
become one-fourth of its
Q.32 Assertion : The length of a simple pendulum maximum value
is increased by 4%. The corresponding
Sol. (A) Time for mass to move by distance first 5 cm.
decrease in time period will be 2%. Amplitude = 10 cm x = A / 2 = 5 cm
Reason : t . So from distance eq. A/2 = A sin t
1/2 = sin t ; /6 = sin t
Sol.(D) Assertion false.
[Given : K = 3200 N/m, m = 2 Kg]
T 1  K 3200
100 × = × 100 2 = = = 1600;  = 40 rad / sec
T 2  n 2
Time period to increase.   
t = /6; t = = = (Q)
w.6 40 6 240

as T = 2 (B) Time for mass to by next 5 cm distance
g
t' = t2 – t1
and Reason is true. 
A = A sin t, t2 = sec.
80

Part-D Column matching type questions

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 16
16
    as v freq. which is as follous.
t' = t2 – t1 = – = sec (R)
80 240 120 2n 12 n
= = = 6 × 2 = 12 (R)
1 2 2
(C) Tiem at which KE = PE; m2y
2 (B) Speed maximum at v = A = 12 × 1.0 = 12
1 (R)
= m2 (A2 – g2)
2 1 1
(C) Maximum P.E. = KA2 = m2A2
A 2 2
y=±A/ 2; = A sin t
2 1 1
× × (12)2.(1.0)2 = 18 2 (Q)
 2 4
= sin 45º =
4 (D) Force constant = K = m2
  1
t= = (P) = × (12)2 = 36 2 (S)
4  40 160 4
(D) Time at which kinetic energy becomes one –
fourth of its maximum value. Q.35 In SHM match the following :
2 2 2 2
K' E 1 1 1 / 2K ( A  y ) A y Table-1 Table-2
 =  =
KE 4 4 1 / 2KA 2 A2
(A) Acceleration-displacement (P) Parabola
1 y2 3
=1– 2 ; y= = A = sin t graph
4 A 2
  (B) Velocity-acceleration (Q)Straight line
sin t = = t ; t= sec. (R)
3 120 graph
(C) Acceleration-time graph (R) Circle
(D) Velocity-time graph (S) None
Q.34 x-t equation of a particle in SHM is given as :
Sol. A  Q; B  S; C  S; D  S
x = 1.0 sin (12t) in SI units. Potential energy
(A) a = 2y; a  y  Straight Line (Q)
at mean position is zero. Mass of particle is
1 (B) v =  A cos t =  A 2  y 2
kg. Match the following table :
4 ac 2 (A sin t) = 2y (S) None
Table-1 Table-2 (C) a – t, a = 2y = 2(A sin t) (S) None
(D) v – t, v = (cos t) (S) None
1
(A) Frequency with which (P)
2
kinetic energy oscillates
(B) Speed of particle is (Q) 182 
maximum at time t =
(C) Maximum potential energy(R) 12
(D) Force constant K (S) 362
Sol. (A) Frequency of K.E. oscillation
KE  v2 So KE Oscillation freq since

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 17

17
 EXERCISE # 3
1 1 4  2 1 3
Part-A Subjective Type Questions cos  = =
2 2 4
1
Q.1 Write down the equation of a simple + 1 and –
2
harmonic motion of frequency n = 50 Hz and + 1 is not possible as they move in
amplitude A = 0.02 m when the mean opposite
position is situated at a distance x0 = 0.2 m directions.
and time starts when it is at the extreme left 1 2
position.  cos  = –   = .
2 3
Sol. Given n = 50 Hz
2
A = 0.02 m Ans. :  = .
3
mean position x0 = 0.2 m
When particle at extreme left. Q.3 A particle moves in a straight line. If v be its
 = 2n = 2 × 50 = 100  rad/s velocity at a distance x from a fixed point in
 Particle at extreme left the line and v2 =  – x2, where  and  are
eqn x = 0.2 – 0.02 cos 100t constants, show that the motion is simple
Ans. : x = 0.20 – 0.02 cos 100 t harmonic and determine its period and
amplitude.
Q.2 Two particles execute SHM of the same Sol. Given v2 =  – x2
amplitude and frequency along the same  and  are constants
straight line. They pass one another when dv dx
going in opposite direction, each time their 2v = – 2 x
dt dt
displacement is half their amplitude. What is
the phase difference between them. dv  dx 
or = – x  v  
Sol. Y1 = A sin t, Y2 = A sin (t + ) dt  dt 

Y1 =
A
 sin t =
1
, d2x
2 2 2
= – x . 2 = 
dt
A 1
Y2 =  sin (t + ) =   = 
2 2
1 1
sin (t + ) = sint cos  + cos t sin  = T = 2
2 
1
1  1 2 1 v is max when x = 0
 cos  + 1    sin  =
2  4 2  v2max = 
cos  3 sin  1  vmax = 
+ =
2 2 2
But vmax = A
cos  + 3 sin  = 1
v max 
cos  – 1 = – 3 sin   A= =
 
 (cos  – 1)2 = 3 sin2 
cos2  + 1 – 2 cos  = 3 sin2  
Amplitude = .
= 3 (1 – cos2 ) 
cos2 +1 – 2 cos  = 3 – 3 cos2 .
4 cos2  – 2 cos  – 2 = 0 2 
Ans. : T = and A =
2cos2  – cos  – 1 = 0  

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 18

18
Q.4 A particle executes simple harmonic motion 
  sin =1
with an amplitude of 10 cm and time period 2
6s. At t = 0 it is at position x = 5 cm going
 
towards negative x-direction. Write the  20 t + =
3 2
equation for the displacement x at time t. Find
the magnitude of the acceleration of the  
20 t + =
particle at t = 4s. 3 2
Sol. Given A = 10 cm, T = 6 sec.   
20 t = – =
10 2 3 6

x t= s
t 120
5
10
Q.6 A block of mass 0.5 kg hanging from a
t = 0, x = 5 cm going towards, (– x direction) vertical spring executes simple harmonic
2 2  motion of amplitude 0.1 m and time period
  = = = rad/s.
T 6 3 0.314 s. Find the maximum force exerted by
 x = A sin (t + ) the spring on the block.

1 Sol.
5 = 10 sin (0 + )  sin =
2
5
  =
6
 5 
equation x = 10 sin  t  
3 6 

at t = 4s, x = A = 10 cm
 acceleration = 2 A
mg
2

=   × 10 = 11 cm/s2 Given Fmax = – k ( + x)
3
x = 0.10 m
T = 0.314 s
Q.5 The equation of motion of a particle started at
t = 0 is given by x = 5 sin (20 t + /3) where x mg
mg = – k,  =
is in centimeter and t in second. When does k
the particle 2 2  3.14
= =
(a) first come to rest T 0.314
(b) first have zero acceleration  = 20 rad/s, 2 = 400 rad/s,
(c) first have maximum speed But k = m2 = 0.5 × 400 = 200 N/m.
  mg 0.5  10
Sol. x = 5 sin  20t    = =
 3 k 200
= 0.025 m
Particle will first come to rest when
 Max. Force
x = A = 5 cm
Fmax = – k ( + x)
 
5 = 5 sin  20t   = – 200 (0.025 + 0.100)
 3
= 25 N

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 19

19
Q.7 A particle suspended from a vertical spring 1
mv2 – 0 = mg (1 – cos )
oscillates 10 times per second. At the highest 2
point of oscillation the spring becomes v2 = 2g (1 – cos )
unstretched. (a) Find the maximum speed of mv 2
Tmax = mg + = mg + 2mg (1 – cos )
the block (b) Find the speed when the spring 
is stretched by 0.20 cm. Take g = 2 m/s2. and Tmin = mg cos 
Given Tmax = 2 Tmin
Sol.
mg + 2mg (1 – cos ) = 2 mg cos 
 3mg = 4 mg cos 
3 3
 cos = ;  = cos–1  
k(0) kx0 4 4
v=0 vMax 3
Mg Mg Ans. : cos–1  
4

f = 10 per sec. Q.9 A closed circular wire hung on a nail in a wall

 = 20  rad/s undergoes small oscillations of amplitude 20
M and time period 2s. Find (a) the radius of the
T = 0.1 sec = 2 ......(1)
K circular wire, (b) the speed of the particle
farthest away from the point of suspension as
mg
At mean position x0 = it goes through its mean position, (c) the
K
acceleration of this particle as it goes through
(a) From energy conservation
its mean position and (d) the acceleration of
1 1
0= kx02 – mg x0 + m vmax2 .......(2) this particle when it is at extreme position.
2 2
Take g = 2m/s2.
kx 0 2 Sol.
 vmax = 2gx 0 
m
 R
 mg  m 2 m O
= 2g  g = g h = R(1–cos)
 k  k k O 
gT
= = 5  cm/s Mg P
2
R
1 1 
Mgx = kx2 + mv2 h = 2R sin2
2 2 2
taking x = 0.2 cm and from (1) R 2
h =
2
angular acceleration
Q.8 The maximum tension in the string of an
mgR sin  mgR (1)
oscillating pendulum is double of the =–  [  0]
I (2mR 2 )
minimum tension. Find the angular
g
amplitude. =–  .....(1)
2R
Sol. Tension in a pendulum is max at mean
position and minimum at extreme.
KE at mean position = PE at extreme

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 20

20
 2 2 2a dz dx
(a)  Time period T = = = Let z = x – ; =
  b dt dt
2
d 2z d2x
g =
dt 2 dt 2
2R
d 2z bz bz b4
2R m =– =– = – z
= 2 = 2s dt 2 2a 8a 3 8a 3
g (z  ) 3
b b3
g
or R =  0.5 m  50 cm b2
2 2 =
8a 3 m
(b) From energy conservation
1 2 2 8a 3 m
mgh = I = mR22 T= = 2 Ans.
2  b2
or (R)2 = gh .....(2)
Velocity of point p = (2R) Q.11 A body of mass m fell from a height h onto
gR 2 the pan of a spring balance (figure). The
= 2 gh = 2 masses of the pan and the spring are
2
negligible, the stiffness of the latter is k.
2
( 2 )(0.5)  2    Having stuck to the pan, the body starts
=   = 11 cm
2  180  performing harmonic oscillations in the
/s vertical direction. Find the amplitude and the
energy of these oscillations.
v2 (11) 2
(c) a= = = 1.21 cm/s2 m
2R 2(50)
2 2  2  2 3 h
(d) a = 2R = +   =
2  180  180
= 34 cm/s
k
Q.10 A particle of mass m is located in a field
where the potential energy of the particle
depends on the coordinate x as U(x) = Sol.
a b m
2
 where a and b are positive constants.
x x
h
Find the period of small oscillations that the
particle performs about the equilibrium
position.
Pan and spring massless
a
b
Sol. U(x) = 2 
x x

dU 2a b 2a  bx mbv When mass m falls an pan, Pan is depressed

F=– = 3 – 2 = =
dx x x x 3 dt say by (y) (compression in spring).
Loss in PE of body = Gain in PE of spring.
2a
Mean position (xm = ) 1
b mg (h + y) = ky2
2
b 2a d2x ky2 – 2 mg y – 2mgh = 0
F = – 3 (x – )=m 2
x b dt 2mg  4m 2 g 2  8mghk
 y=
2k
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 21
21
 mg mg 2hk  
y= + 1 x = =
k k mg 2 cos 45 2
Due to restoring force, accelerates upward, at Torque acting
equilibrium let the compression be  = – mg x 
y  mg = ky   mgx  
2
=–   , I = Icm + m  
mg  I  2
y =
k
mgx I
Therefore amplitude A = y – y 2 = , T = 2
I mgx
mg mg 2hk mg
A= + 1 –  m 2
k k mg k m 2  m 2
 L=2    =2
mg 2hk  12 4  3
A= 1
k mg 2m 2
 T = 2
1 
Energy of oscillations = kA2 3mg 
2 2
1  m 2 g 2  2hk  
E= k  2 1    2 2
 k  Ans. : T = 2
2  mg   3g
m 2g 2 Q.13 The spring shown in figure is unstretched when
E  mgh
2k a man starts pulling on the cord. The mass of
mg 2hk the block is M. If the man exerts a constant
Ans. : A = 1 and E = mgh + force F, find (a) the amplitude and the time
k mg
period of the motion of the block, (b) the energy
m 2g 2 stored in the spring when the block passes
2k through the equilibrium position and (c) the
kinetic energy of the block at this position.
Q.12 A uniform right-angle iron is hung over a thin
nail so that the iron pivots freely at the bend. M
k
Each arm of the iron has a mass m and length F
l. Find the period of small oscillations.
Sol.
O Sol. (a) F = – k A max. restoring force.
F
45º   Amplitude A = .
k
x /2 M
 Time Period T = 2
k
(b)  When block passing through equilibrium
 position.
1 k F2 F2
E= kA2 = × 2 =
2 2 k 2k
(c)  KE at equilibrium –
O is point of suspension. 1 F2
KE = kA2 = .
Each arm 2 2k
mass = m. Ans. :
Length = . (a)
F
and 2
M
k k
x = distance of point of suspension from
centre of mass. F2 F2
(b) (c)
2k 2k

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 22

22
Q.14 Find the elastic potential energy stored in Ans. :
each spring shown in figure, when the block m 2g 2 m 2g 2 m 2g 2
is in equilibrium. Also the time period of , ,
2 k1 2k 2 2k 3
vertical oscillation of the block.
 1 1 1 
T = 2 m   .

k1  k1 k 2 k 3 

Q.15 Fig shows a system consisting of a massless

k2
pulley, a spring of force constant k = 400 N/m
and a block of mass m = 1 kg. If the block is
k3 slightly displaced vertically down from its
equilibrium position and released find the
m
angular frequency of its vertical oscillation in
Sol.
case (A), (B) and (C).

k1 F k
T' F k
P
k2 T

F k T T
m
k3 m T
y
m y
m

mg y
Let x1 = extension in spring of k1 (A) (B) (C)
x2 = extension in spring of k2 Sol.
x3 = extension in spring of k3 (1) (2) (3)
mg = – k1x1 F k
mg 1 F k
x1 = and Elastic PE = k 1x 12 T
k1 2
k = 400 N/m
1 m 2g 2 m = 1kg
E1 = k1 × F T T
2 k12 m
m T
m g 2 2 y
E1 = y m
2 k1
m 2g 2 y
Similarly elastic PE in second E2 =
2k 2 Let y be the displacement of block
(1) As mass pulled by y, stretch in spring =
m 2g 2
Elastic PE in third E3 = y.
2k 3
F = T = ky.
Spring are in series Keff is k
1 1 1 1 ma = – ky  a =   y.
= + + m
k eff k1 k2 k3
k k 400
m 2 =  = = = 20 rad/s
 T = 2 m m 1
k eff (2) In this case if mass pulled by y. Pulley
 1 1 1  y y
T = 2 m    will move by , therefore stretch = .
 2 2
 k1 k 2 k 3 

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 23

23
 ky mkx
 F=– . Hence, frictional force =
2 Mm
 k  (c) for maximum Amplitude,
a=–  y
 2m  frictional force = mg
k 400 mkA
and  = = = 10 2 Therefore mg = , Put x = A
2m 2 Mm
rad/second
(3) If block pulled by dirt y, spring stretched ( M  m)g
  A =
by 2y. k
F = – 2ky Ans. :
 2k  Mm mkx
a=–  y (a) T= 2 (b) f =
m k Mm
2k 2  400
= = = 20 2 rad/sec.  ( M  m )g
m 1 (c) A =
k
Ans. : (1) 20 rad/s (2) 10 2 rad/s
Q.17 The block of mass m1 shown in figure is
(3) 20 2 sec fastened to the spring and the block of mass m2
is placed against it (a) Find the compression of
Q.16 The friction coefficient between the two
the spring in the equilibrium position. (b) The
blocks shown in figure is µ and the horizontal
blocks are pushed a further distance
plane is smooth. (a) If the system is slightly
(2/k) (m1 + m2) g sin  against the spring and
displaced and released, find the time period. released. Find the position where the two blocks
(b) Find the magnitude of the frictional force separate. (c) What is the common speed of
between the blocks when the displacement blocks at the time of separation ?
from the mean position is x. (c) What can be m
m1 2
the maximum amplitude if the upper block
does not slip relative to the lower block ? k
m 
k 
M
Sol. (a) Sol.
m2
m  m1
k smooth
M
k
For small amplitudes both the blocks will
(oscillate together) 
Therefore (M + m) a = – kx At Equilibrium
 k  (m1 + m2) g sin = kx
a=–   x
 m
M
(m1  m 2 )g sin 
(a)  x =
k Mm k
 2 = ,  T = 2
Mm k  k 
 =  
 kx   m1  m 2 
(b)  since a =  
Mm  Blocks are pushed by x1 and released
 mkx  2
 Force on upper block =   x1 = (m1 + m2) g sin
M  m k

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 24

24
block will lose contact when
 k  Q.18 A spherical ball of mass m and radius r rolls
m2g sin = m2x2  
 m1  m 2  without slipping on a rough concave surface
(m1  m 2 )g sin  of large radius R. It makes small oscillation
 x2 =
k about the lowest point. Find the time period.
(b) Blocks will lose contact when spring Sol.
attains its natural length.
 Total compression = x + x1
R N
(m1  m 2 )g sin  2 fs 
= + (m1 + m2) g sin 
k k a

3 r Mg
= (m1 + m2) g sin
k ma = mg sin  – fs .........(1)
(c) Let the common speed attained by both
2 
blocks be v, then I = fs(r) =  mr 2  ()
5 
1 1
(m1 + m2) v2 = k (x + x1)2 2
2 2 fs = mr  .........(2)
5
– (m1 + m2) g (x + x1)
sin for pure rolling a = r
2 .........(3)
1 k 3 
(m1 + m2) v2 = (m1  m 2 )g sin  from (1) & (2) & (3)
2 2  k 
7 7
– (m1 + m2) g sin a= g sin   g
5 5
3 
 (m1  m 2 )g sin   d 2 a 7 g ( )
k   =– =–
dt 2 R r 5 (R  r )
1 9
(m1 + m2) v2 = [(m1 + m2)2 g2 sin2 ]
2 2k 2 5(R  r )
T= = 2
3  7g
– [(m1 + m2)2 g2 sin2 ]
k
1  9 3
(m1 + m2) v2 =    (m1 + m2)2 g2 sin2 Part-B Passage based objective questions
2  2k k 
 Passage (Q. 19 to 21)
1 2 3 A particle is said to posses S.H.M. if
v = (m1 + m2) g2 sin2 
2 2k (a) acceleration is directly proportional to
3 displacement (b) acceleration is directed towards
 v= (m1  m 2 ) g sin  a fixed point The average of such a function in a
k
complete cycle is zero. The P.E. and K.E. of such
Ans. :
S.H.M. functions will be half the total energy
(m1  m 2 )g sin 
(a) 1 2 2
k  m A  where A is the amplitude and  is
(b) blocks will lose contact when spring 2 
attains natural length. the angular frequency of the mass m.
The average of a function of time in a complete
3
(c) v = (m1  m 2 ) g sin  cycle is given by
k
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 25
25
 T T/2

 Ydt
 A sin tdt A
T/2
Yav 
 sin t dt
0 0
T <Y1>T/2 = =
T/2 T
 dt0
 dt 2
0

0
Q.19 The maximum acceleration of a platform T/2
2A  cos t 
oscillation vertically to keep a mass on it will = 
T    0
be-
2A  2 T 
(A) g (B) 2g =– cos   cos 0
T  T 2 
(C) 3g (D) 2g 2 2A 2A
=– [–2] =
Sol.(A) Plate form oscillating vertically with a mass on  2  
T 
it T
 
Restoring force = m2A T/2

and weight of block = mg  A sin 2t dt

0
m2 A = mg To keep the block and <Y2>T/2 = T/2
 2 A = g (Max. acceleration)
 dt
0

Q.20 If the average P.E. of an oscillating system is T/2

2A
E, the average K.E. of a system with double =
T  sin 2t dt
0
amplitude and frequency will be-
T/2
E 2A  cos 2t 
(A) E (B) =
T  2 
4  0
(C) 4E (D) 16E A  2 T 
=–  cos 2    cos 0 = 0
Sol.(D) For an oscillating system T  T 2 
1 2A
Average PE = Average KE = m2A2 = E  Y1  T / 2
4  =  =
 Average KE with double (amplitude and  Y2  T / 2 0
frequency)
1 
Average KE =  m(2) 2 (2A ) 2 
4 
1 
= 16  m2 A 2  = 16 E
4 

Q.21 The ratio of average of displacement’s A sin

t and A sin 2t over half of cycle is -
(A) 0 (B) 
(C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 2
Sol.(B) Y1 = A sin t and Y2 = A sin 2t

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 26

26
 EXERCISE # 4
 Old IIT-JEE questions
Q.1 The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum of 
 t1 =
length L suspended from the roof of a vehicle 6
which moves without friction down an inclined  T T
t1 = × =
6 2 12
plane of inclination , is given by - [IIT-2000]
Let t is time taken in going from 0 to A
L L A = A sin t
(A) 2 (B) 2
g cos  g sin   T
t = t =
2 4
L L
(C) 2 (D) 2 T T T
g g tan   t2 = t – t1 = – =
4 12 6
Sol.(A) geffective = gcos  T2 > T 1
L
T = 2 Q.4 For a particle executing SHM the
g cos 
displacement x is given by x = Acost.
Q.2 A simple pendulum has a time period T1 Identify the graph which represents the
when on the earth’s surface, and T2 when variation of potential energy (PE) as a
taken to a height R above the earth’s surface, function of time t and displacement x - [IIT-2003]
where R is the radius of the earth. The value I II
of T2/ T1 is - [IIT-2001] PE
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 2
GM
Sol.(D) g = on surface of earth t
R2 T/2
GM GM g
g = = =
(R  R ) 2
4R 2 4 PE

  III IV
T1 = 2 and T2 = 2 = 2T1
g g/4
T2
 = 2.
T1 x

Q.3 A particle executes simple harmonic motion

(A) I and III (B) II and IV
between x = – A and x = + A. The time taken (C) II and III (D) I and IV
for it to go from 0 to A/2 is T1 and to go from 1 1
Sol.(C) KE = mv2 = m2A2cos2t
A/2 to A is [Link] - [IIT-2001] 2 2
(A) T1 < T2 (B) T1 > T2 1
PE = m2A2sin2t
(C) T1 = T2 (D) T1 = 2T2 2
at t=0 PE = 0
Sol.(A) t1 is time is going from 0 to A/2.
T 
A and at t = , t = . Hence graph II.
= A sin t1 4 2
2
PE is max.
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 27
27
 1
PE = m2 x2
2
at x = 0 , PE = 0
at x = ± A, PE = max.
Graph III.

Q.5 Time period of a simple pendulum is T1. 2m

When point of suspension of the pendulum is
moving upward following the equation m
y = kt2 (where k = 1m/s2, y is the string
displacement of point of suspension) its time g g g
(A) , (B) g,
period becomes T2, then - [IIT-2005] 2 2 2
T12 5 T12 6 g
(A) = (B) = (C) ,g (D) g, g
T22
6 T22
5 2
Sol.(B)
T12 T2 4
(C) =1 (D) 12 =
T22 T2 5

Sol.(B) Given y = kt2

dy
= 2kt
dt

d2y
 = 2k
dt 2 2m
i.e. ay = 2k = 2 m/s2 cut
T
 
T1 = 2 and T2 = 2 m
g g ay

T1 g ay mg
 =
T2 g Initially masses are in equilibrium

T12 10  2 6 T = mg
 = =
T22 10 5 when string is cut mg force decreases on mass
m in upward
Q.6 In the system shown if the inextensible string mg
am = =g
connecting 2m and m is cut, the accelerations m
of mass m and 2m are - [IIT-2006]
and mg force decreases on mass 2m
downward

mg g
a2m = =
2m 2

Q.7 f(t) = Asin2t + Bcos2t + Csint cost

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 28
28
 The above function represents SHM. Then- L 
k  
2 
(A) for all values of A and B, with C  0 
(B) A = –B, C = 2B; with amplitude 2 B
O
(C) A = B, C = 2B; amplitude |B|
(D) A = B, C = 0 [IIT-2006]
L 
k  
Sol.(B,C) f(t) = A sin2 t + Bcos2 t + Csin t cos t 2 

Take  torque about 'O'

 For A = – B and C = 2B.
L L ML2
f(t) = –Bsin t + B cos t + 2B sin t cos
2 2 2. k . =  .
2 2 12
t 6k 1 6k
=  .  f =
M 2 M
= B cos 2t + B sin 2t

= 2 B sin (2t + /4) Q.9 The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in
simple harmonic motion with amplitude A.
SHM with amplitude 2 B.
The amplitude of the point P is – [IIT-2009]
If A = B, C = 2B k1 k2
P
M
f(t) = B + B sin 2 t

This SHM about point f (t) = B with amplitude

k 1A k 2A
B. (A) (B)
k2 k1
k 1A k 2A
(C) (D)
Q.8 A uniform rod of length L and mass M is k1  k 2 k1  k 2
pivoted at the centre. Its two ends are Sol.[D] x1 + x2 = A and k1x1 = k2x2
attached to two springs of equal spring k1 x1 k 2A
constants k. The springs are fixed to rigid  x1 + =A  x1 =
k2 (k1  k 2 )
supports as shown in the figure, and the rod
is free to oscillate in the horizontal plane. The
Q.10 The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple
rod is gently pushed through a small angle
harmonic is shown below. The acceleration
in one direction and released. The
of the particle at t = 4/3 s is- [IIT-2009]
frequency of oscillation is – [IIT-2009]
1

0
x(cm)

4 8 12 t(s)

1 2k 1 k
(A) (B) –1
2 M 2 M
1 6k 1 24k 3 2  2
(C) (D) (A)  cm/s2 (B) cm/s2
2 M 2 M 32 32
Sol.[C] 2 3 2
(C) cm/s2 (D)   cm/s2
32 32
Sol.[D] A = 1 cm
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 29
29
 2  Q.12 For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the
x = Asin t = Asin t ( T = 8 s)
T 4 time period T of this particle is proportional
2 2
d x   to-
2
= – A sin t
dt 16 4
m 1 m
2  4
(A) A (B)
= – × 1 × sin ×  A 
16 4 3
 1 
2 3  3 2 (C) A (D)
=   = m A m
16 2 32
Sol.[B] V(x) =  x4
Paragraph for Questions 11 to 13
[V( x )] [ML2 T 2 ]
[] = = = [ML–2T–2]
[ x ]4 [L4 ]
When a particle of mass m moves on the x-
axis in a potential of the form V(x) = kx2, it
Time period  (Amplitude)x ()y (Mass)z
performs simple harmonic motion. The
corresponding time period is proportional to [T] = [L]x [ML–2T–2]y [M]2
m
, as can be seen easily using dimensional 1 1
k Solving x = –1, y=  , z=
2 2
analysis. However, the motion of a particle
can be periodic even when its potential 1 M
T = A–1 –1/2 M1/2 =
energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a A 
way different from kx2 and its total energy is
such that the particle does not escape to
infinity. Consider a particle of mass m Q.13 The acceleration of this particle for | x | > X0
moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is is -
V(x) = x4 ( > 0) for | x | near the origin and (A) proportional to V0
becomes a constant equal to V0 for | x |  X0 V0
(see figure) [IIT-2010] (B) proportional to
mX 0

V(x) V0
(C) proportional to
mX 0
(D) zero
V0
Sol.[D] for |x| > x0
x
X0
U = constant

Q.11 If the total energy of the particle is E, it will dU

F=– 0
perform periodic motion only if- dx
(A) E < 0 (B) E > 0
(C) V0 > E > 0 (D) E > V0 acceleration = zero.
Sol.[C] Energy Total should be less than maximum
potential energy so E < V0 and E > 0.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 30

30
Q.14 A small body attached to one and “position satisfy
end of a vertically hanging
v = c1 c 2  x 2 , where c1
spring is performing SHM and c2 are positive constants.
about it's mean position with (B) The object moves on the (Q) The object does
angular frequency  and x–axis in such away that not change its
amplitude a. If at a height ‘y’ m its velocity and its direction.
from the mean position the body gets displacement from the
detached from the spring. Calculate the value origin satisfy v = –kx,
of ‘y’ so that the height ‘h’ attained by the where k is a positive constant.
mass is maximum. The body does not interact (C) The object is attached to (R) The kinetic
with the spring during it's subsequenty motion one end of a mass–less energy of the
after detachment. spring of a given spring object keeps
2
(a > g) [IIT- 2005] constant. The other end of on decreasing.
Sol. At distance y from mean position the spring is attached to
v =  A2  y2 the ceiling of an elevator.
After detaching from the spring net Initially everything is at rest.
downward acceleration of the block is g.
Therefore total height attained by the block The elevator starts going
above mean position upward with a constant
2 2 2 2
v  (A  y ) acceleration a. The motion
h=y+ =y+
2g 2g of the object is observed from
dh
for h to be max = 0. the elevator during the period
dy
it maintains this acceleration.
dh 22 y
=1+ = 0. (D) The object is projected (S) The object can
dy 2g
from the earth’s surface change its
2
 1+ y=0 vertically upwards with direction only
g
g a speed 2 GM e / R e , once.
y= 2
< A (amplitude) Ans.
 where Me is the mass
of the earth and Re is
Q.15 Column I describes some situations in which the radius of the earth.
a small object moves. Column II describes Neglect forces from objects
some characteristics of these motions. Match other than the earth.
the situations in Column I with the Sol. A:P
characteristics in Column II. [IIT-2007] Reason : For a simple harmonic motion

v = a  2  x 2 on comparing it with
Column – I Column – II
(A) The object moves on (P) The object v = c1 c 2  x 2 we find the two comparable.
the x–axis under a executes a B : Q, R
conservative force in simple harmonic Reason :  = kx
such away that its “speed” motion.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 31

31
 when x is positive;  is – ve, indicating that When the elevator starts going upwards with
the velocity is negative. As x decreases,  a constant acceleration, as seen by the
decreases. Therefore kinetic energy will observer in the elevator, the object is at rest.
decreases. When x = 0,  = 0. Therefore the  ma + mg = kx'
object does not change its direction.  ma = k (x' – x)
When x is negative,  is positive. But as x (Since a is constant.)
decreases in magnitude,  also decreases. D : q, r
Therefore kinetic energy decreases. When x = The speed is 2 times the escape speed.
0,  = 0. Therefore the object does not change Therefore the object will leave the earth. It
its direction. will therefore not change the direction and its
C:P kinetic energy will keep on decreasing.
Reason : When a = 0, let the spring have an
extension x. Then kx = mg.

Q.16 Column I gives a list of possible set of parameters measured in some experiments. The variations of the
parameters in the form of graphs are shown in Column II. Match the set of parameters given in Column I
with the graphs given in Column II. [IIT-2008]
Column I Column II
y
(A) Potential energy of a simple pendulum (P)
(y-axis) as a function of displacement (x axis)

O x

y
(B) Displacement (y axis) as a function of time (Q)
(x axis) for a one dimensional motion at zero or
constant acceleration when the body is moving O x
along the positive x –direction
y
(R)
(C) Range of a projectile (y axis) as a function of
its velocity (x axis) when projected at a fixed angle
O x

y
(S)
(D) The square of the time period (y axis) of a simple
pendulum as a function of its length (x axis)
O x
Sol. [A: (p); B:(q,s); C:(s); D(q)]

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 32

32
 

x
h

(A) U = mgh + U0
U = mgl (1– cos) + U0

U = mg 2sin2/2 + U0

2
 U = 2mg + U0; for small 
4

1 2
  S = S0 + ut + at
2
(C) R  v2
(D) T2  l
example, the phase space diagram for a
Paragraph for Questions 17 to 19 particle moving with constant velocity is a
Phase space diagrams are useful tools in straight line as shown in the figure. We use
analyzing all kinds of dynamical problems. the sign convention in which position or
They are especially useful in studying the momentum upwards (or to right) is positive
changes in motion as initial position and and downwards (or to left) is negative.
momentum are changed. Here we consider [IIT-2011]
some simple dynamical systems in one-
dimension. For such systems, phase space is a
Momentum

plane in which position is plotted along

horizontal axis and momentum is plotted
along vertical axis. The phase space diagram
is x(t) vs p(t) curve in this plane. The arrow Position
on the curve indicates the time flow. For
Momentum
Q.17 The phase space diagram for a ball thrown
vertically up from ground is-
Momentum (B) Position

(A)
Position

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 33

33
 Momentum K' EMax 1

K' Emax 2
(C)
Position
maximal position
K.E1= 0
Momentum
maximal position
K.E2 = 0

(D) 1
k ( 2a ) 2
Position E1 2
 4
E2 1
k (a ) 2
2
Sol. [D] From conservation of mechanical energy E1 = 4E2
1 1
mv 2  mgx  mu 2
2 2
Q.19 Consider the spring-mass system, with the
2 2 2 2
m v  m u  2m gx 2 mass submerged in water, as shown in figure.
p2 – p02 = 2m2gx The phase space diagram for one cycle of this
p2 = p02 + 2m2gx system is-

Q.18 The phase space diagram for simple harmonic

motion is a circle centered at the origin. In
the figure, the two circles represent the same
oscillator but for different initial conditions,
and E1 and E2 are the total mechanical
energies respectively. Then- Momentum
Momentum

E2 E1 (A)
2a Position

a Position

Momentum

(A) E1 = 2 E2 (B) E1 = 2E2

(C) E1 = 4E2 (D) E1 = 16 E2 (B)
Sol. [C] Position

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 34

34
 Momentum

Q.21 A point mass is subjected to two

(C) simultaneous sinusoidal displacements in x-
Position direction,
 2 
x1(t) = Asint and x2(t) = Asin  t  .
 3 
Adding a third sinusoidal displacement
Momentum x3(t) = Bsin(t + ) brings the mass to a
complete rest. The values of B and  are-
[IIT-2011]
(D) 3 4
(A) 2 A, (B) A,
Position 4 3
5 
(C) 3 A, (D) A,
6 3
Sol.[B]
Sol.[B] By Theory A

Q.20 A metal rod of length 'L' and mass 'm' is

30º
pivoted at one end. A thin disk of mass 'M' 120º
and radius 'R' (<L) is attached at its centre to A

the free end of the rod. Consider two ways
the disc is attached :(case A) The disc is not
free to rotate about its center and (case B) the
disc is free to rotate about its center. The rod-
B
disc system performs SHM in vertical plane Here  =  + 
after being released from the same displaced
3A
position. Which of the following statement(s)  A cos 30º = B sin   B sin  = and A
2
is (are) true? [IIT-2011] A
sin 30º + B cos = A  B cos  =
2

Solving above, B = A and  = 60º = .
3
4
Hence  = 240º =
3

(A) Restoring torque in case A = Restoring Q.22 A small block is connected to one end of a
torque in case B massless spring of un-stretched length 4.9 m.
The other end of the spring (See the figure) is
(B) Restoring torque in case A < Restoring
fixed. The system lies on a horizontal
torque in case B
frictionless surface. The block is by 0.2 m and
(C) Angular frequency for case A > Angular released from rest at t = 0. It then executes
frequency for case B simple harmonic motion with angular
(D) Angular frequency for case A < Angular 
frequency for case B frequency  = rad/s. Simultaneously at t = 0,
3
Sol.[A,D] a small pebble is projected with speed v from
By Theory point P at an angle of 45º as shown in the
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 35
35
 figure. Point P is at a horizontal distance of
10 m from O. If the pebble hits the block at
t = 1s, the value of v is (take g = 10 m/s2) 
[IIT-2012]
45º
B A
4.9 m y = 0 0.2 m
10 m
45º x
O 10 m P The block is released from A.

(A) 50 m/s (B) 51 m/s x = 4.9 m + (0.2 m) sin (t + )
2
(C) 52 m/s (D) 53 m/s at t = 15 ; x = 5 m
Ans. [A] So range of projectile will be 5 m
Sol.[A] v 2 sin 90
Now 5
g
 v2 = 50  v= 50

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 36

36
 EXERCISE # 5
 Old IIT-JEE questions m1  m 2 m
reduced mass  = =
m1  m 2 2
Q.1 Two identical balls A and B each of mass 0.1
 = 0.05 kg.
kg are attached to two identical massless
1 k eff . 1 0.2 2
springs. The spring-mass system is n= = 
2  2 0.05 2
constrained to move inside a rigid smooth
1
pipe bent in the form of a circle as shown in n= Hz.

fig. The pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane.
1 1
The centres of the balls can move in a circle (b) E = k1y2 + k2y2 = ky2
2 2
of radius 0.06 m. Each springs has a natural

length of 0.06  m and force constant 0.1 But y1 = R1 = 0.06 × = 0.01 
6
N/m. Initially, both the balls are displaced by 
and y2 = R2 = 0.06 × = 0.01 
an angle  = /6 radian with respect to 6
diameter PQ of the circle and released from  y = y1 + y2 = 0.02 
rest. (a). Calculate the frequency of  E = ky2 = 0.1 × (0.02 )2 = 42 × 10–5 J
oscillation of the ball B. (b) What is the total (c) At P and Q. springs are in their natural
energy of the system ? (c) Find the speed of length.
the ball A when A and B are at the two ends Therefore total energy is in the form of
K.E. of balls.
of the diameter PQ. [IIT-1993]
1 1
mv2 + mv2 = 42 × 10–5 J
2 2
A B mv2 = 42 × 10–5 J, 0.1 v2 = 42 × 10–5 J
y1 /6 /6 y2 v = 2 × 10–2 m/s
P O Q
1
Ans. : (a) Hz (b) 42 × 10–5 J

(c) 2 × 10–2 m/s
Sol.
Q.2 An object of mass 0.2kg executes simple
A B harmonic oscillation along the x-axis with a
y1 /6 /6 y2
Q
frequency of (25/) Hz. At the position
P O
x = 0.04, the object has kinetic energy of 0.5 J
and potential energy 0.4 J. The amplitude of
Given m = m1 = m2 = 0.1 kg oscillations is ...........m. [IIT-1994]
k1 = k2 = 0.1 N/m Sol. Given
Radius = R = 0.06 m. x = 0.04 m m = 0.2 kg
 If one spring is compressed by (y) KE = 0.5 J PE = 0.4 J
25
other is stretched by same amount (y) PE = 0.4 J v= Hz

(a) keffective = k1 + k2 = 0.2 N/m.
E = KE + PE
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 37
37
 1 Q.5 A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant
Total Energy = m2a2
2 2 × 106 N/m and amplitude 0.01 m has a total
1 mechanical energy of 160 J. Its – [IIT-1989]
0.9 = m42v2a2
2
(A) Maximum potential energy is 100 J
1 25 25
0.9 = × 0.2 × 42 × × × a2 (B) Maximum kinetic energy is 100 J
2  
(C) Maximum potential energy is 160 J
9 3
a2 =  a= = 0.06 m (D) Minimum potential energy is zero
2500 50
Ans. : 0.06 m Sol.(C,D)
In SHM total mechanical energy
Q.3 A particle executes simple harmonic motion = KEmax = PEmax
with a frequency f. The frequency with which Therefore options C and D.
its kinetic energy oscillates is – [IIT-1987]
(A) f/2 (B) f (C) 2f (D) 4f
Q.6 Two blocks A and B, each of mass m are
Sol.(C) During one complete oscillation kinetic
connected by a massless spring of natural
energy will become twice maximum, Hence
frequency of KE is 2f. length L and spring constant K. The blocks
are initially resting on a smooth horizontal
Q.4 Two equal masses M and N are suspended in floor with the spring at its natural length, as
two springs of constant K1 and K2. If shown in the figure. A third identical block C,
their oscillations satisfy the condition that also of mass m, moves on the floor with a
their maximum velocities are equal, the ratio speed v along the line joining A and B and
of the amplitude of the oscillations of M and collides with A. Then - [IIT -1993]
N is – [IIT-1988] v
L
K K K1 K2 C A B
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D)
K2 K1 K2 K1
(A) The kinetic energy of the A - B system,
Sol.(D) Both bodies oscillate in SHM and max.
at maximum compression of the spring, is
velocities
2 zero
v1 = 1a1 = a1
T1 (B) The kinetic energy of the A - B system, at
2 maximum compression of the spring, is
v2 = 2a2 = a2
T2 mv2/4
Given v1 = v2 (C) The maximum compression of the spring
2 2
a1 × = a2 × m
T1 T2 is v
K
a1 a a T (D) The maximum compression of the spring
= 2  1= 1
T1 T2 a 2 T2 m
is v
m 2K
2
a1 k1 k2 Sol.(B,D)
= =
a2 m k1
2
k2

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 38

38
 v  v = 1 .5 v
k
C A B v = 1.22 v
L
After collision C stops and vA = v Q.8 A particle of mass m is executing oscillations
collision elastic. about the origin on the x-axis. Its potential
Now A will move and compress spring and energy is V(x) = k|x|3 where k is a positive
finally both A and B will move same constant. If the amplitude of oscillation is a,
velocity. then its time period T is- [IIT-1998]
mv = (m + m) v (A) proportional to 1/a
v (B) independent of a
v =
2 (C) proportional to a
from conservation of energy (D) proportional to a3/2
1 1 Sol. V(x) = k x3
(m + m) (v)2 + kx2 = const.
2 2 from energy conservation
mv 2 1 1
+ kx2 = const. mv2 + kx3 = ka3
4 2 2
At max. compression K.E. of A – B system is (ka3 = total energy in SHM, at extreme (x =
a))
mv 2
. 2k 3
4 v= (a  x 3 )
m
Since initial K. Energy = 0.
dx 2k 3
mv 2 1 = (a  x 3 )
= kx2 dt m
4 2
0 t
m dx
 x=v
m
2k
. 2k  (a 3  x 3 )1/ 2 =  dt .
a 0
Let Particle come from x = a to x = 0 and
Q.7 The extension in a string, obeying Hooke’s x = a sin2.
law, is x. The speed of sound in the stretched  dx = 2 a sin cos d
0
string is v. If the extension in the string is m 2a sin  cos  d
increased to 1.5x, the speed of sound will be– 2k (a 3  a 3 sin 6 )1 / 2
t
/ 2
[IIT-1996] 0
m a (2 sin  cos )d
(A) 1.22 v (B) 0.61 v
2k  a 3 / 2 (1  sin 6 )1 / 2
=t
(C) 1.50 v (D) 0.75 v /2
0
Sol. Speed of sound in stretched string is given
T
  f ()d factor does not depend on a.
/2
as v =
m 1
 T=4t
T = Tension a
m = mass per unit length.
from Hooke's law
Q.9 Three simple harmonic motion in the same
Tx direction having the same amplitude ‘a’ and
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 39
39
 same period are superposed. If each differs in Q.10 A particle free to move along the x-axis has
phase from the next by 45º, then- [IIT-1999] potential energy given by
(A) the resultant amplitude is (1 + 2)a U(x) = k[1 – exp(–x2)] for –  x  + , where
(B) the phase of the resultant motion relative k is a positive constant of appropriate
to the first is 90º dimensions. Then - [IIT-1999]
(C) the energy associated with the resulting (A) at points away from the origin, the
motion is (3 + 22) times the energy particle is in unstable equilibrium
associated with any single motion (B) for any finite non-zero value of x, there is
(D) the resulting motion is not simple a force directed away from the origin
harmonic (C) if its total mechanical energy is k/2, it has
Sol.(A,C) its minimum kinetic energy at the origin
Resultant of first two (D) for small displacement for x = 0, the
A2 = a2 + a2 + 2a2 cos motion is simple harmonic
 Sol.(D) U(x) = k [ 1 – exp (–x2)
A2 = 2a2 (1 + cos) = 4a2 cos2
2 dU
F= = + K [2x exp (– x2)]
 dx
A = 2a cos .
2 U
a sin 
and tan = Parllel is unstable
a  a cos  A
but not in equilibrium
 
2 sin cos O Stable eq. x
tan = 2 2
2 
2 cos Q.11 A spring of force constant k is cut into two
2
 pieces such that one piece is double the length
tan = tan
2 of the other. Then the long piece will have a
 force constant of - [IIT-1999]
=
2 2 3
Now phase diff in (A) k (B) k (C) 3k (D) 6k
3 2
 3
A and a (third) = +=  1
2 2 Sol.(B) k  .

and resultant
2  k11 = k22 = k.
   3
(A) =  2a cos  + a2 + 4a2 cos
2
cos 2
 2 2 2 k2 = k
3
Putting  = 45º
3
A = (2.414) a = (1 + 2 ) a resultant k2 = k.
2
amplitude.
1
k (2.414) 2 a 2
E 2
and = = 5.82 = (3 +
E 1 2
ka
2
2 2)

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 40

40