VJ
A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development
Module 3
In
CRIM 105
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE
JUSTICE SYSTEM
College of Criminal Justice Education
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Module No. 3
CHAPTER 3
The Family
2nd Semester 2021-2022
GLORIA P. GONZALES
Instructor I
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
INSTRUCTION TO THE USER
This module would provide you an educational experience while independently
accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as well to ensure that learning is
unhampered by health and other challenges. It covers the topic about Marriage and
Dissolution of Marriage.
Reminders in using this module:
1. Keep this material neat and intact.
2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be learned
about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for better
understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social media
platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly answering
and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were spent in the
preparation in order that learning will still continue amidst this Covid-19
pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.
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WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
INTRODUCTION
This module will serve as an alternative learning material to usual way of
classroom teaching and learning delivery. The instructor will facilitate and explain the
module to the students to achieve its expected learning outcomes, activities and to ensure
that they will learn amidst of pandemic.
This material discusses one of the most essential learning competencies of
Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System. It is concerned with bringing about
changes in the people knowledge, attitude and practices towards Families in dealing with
the problems on Juvenile Delinquency. It utilizes a variety of educational approaches and
methods whereby people go through teaching- learning process and which maybe planned,
implemented and evaluated through the students, organized groups and other
organizations and agencies in the community. It includes various topics such as Family as
an Institution, Rights and Duties of Parents, Different kinds of Children under Family
Code, Parental Authority, Emancipation of Age of Majority and Regulation of Child and
Youth Welfare Services
Learning modules are becoming popular education tools in school as of today in
our pandemic situations.
It is very important that the learner cooperate in by using this module page by
page and completing all the activities asked. At the end learning outcome is evaluated
based the different task given to you.
Through your cooperation in this kind of flexible learning delivery,
understanding Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System as your subject is very
much possible. It is expected that after using this module you will become more interested
in your subject as to become a member of law enforcement someday. As a law enforcement
agents and investigators should have at least basic knowledge Juvenile Delinquency and
Juvenile Justice System.
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CHAPTER 3: FAMILY
This chapter consists of legal impressions about family, the rights of parents and
children, the kinds of children under the family code, the parental authority, emancipation
and age of majority and the regulation of Child and Youth Welfare Services.
Families play a vital role in the development of children and youth. Studies of juvenile
delinquency have shown that the family environment can present as either a risk or protective
factor. Family as the basic unit of society, whose main responsibility is to provide the basic
necessities of the child as well as to give emotional, spiritual, moral, intellectual and social
basic to its members particularly the children and the primary social agency tasked with the
significant task of rearing the youth.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this chapter, the students can:
1. Produce a sample of brochure about family as an institution.
2. Identify the duties and responsibilities of parents
3. Differentiate kinds of children under family code
4. Recall the parental authority upon the children
5. Discuss when Emancipation takes place
6. Enumerate and define the different child and youth welfare services.
Specific Topics:
a. The Family
b. Time allotment (3 hours per session)
Target date to submit
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PRE-TEST: Answer the following questions. Provide space for your answer below. No
Screenshots of answer. 20 points
1. Identify at least two factors how could family prevent juvenile
delinquency. Discuss each (20 pts.; 10 pts each)
2. Identify at least two factors how could family induce or contribute to
juvenile delinquency or criminality. Discuss each (20pts.; 10 pts each)
D. DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 3: Family
Lesson 1. The Family as an Institution
“The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen
the family as a basic autonomous social constitution. It shall equally protect the
life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and
primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency
and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the
Government ([Link], Sec.12, Phil. Constitution).”
The family, being the foundation of the nation, is a basic social institution
which public policy cherishes and protects. Consequently, family relations are
governed by law and no custom, practice or agreement destructive of the family
shall be recognized or given effect (Art. 149, FC)
F- Father A- And M- Mother I- I L- Love Y- You
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The one reciting the FAMILY is the child. Thus, a family must consist of a
father and a mother as well as child/children. Family quotes below are added
which emphasize the substances of family (see figure 4)
“Family: A social unit where the father is concerned with parking space, the
children with outer space, and the mother with closest space”.
By: Evan Esar
“There is no doubt that it is around the family and the home that all the greatest
virtues, the most dominating virtues of human society, are created, strengthened and
maintained”.
By: Winston Churchill
Family is the basic is the basic social group that is united by blood
(consanguinity) or marriage (affinity); one that generally lives together and
participates in economic cooperation; provides security, socialization and
companionship; and aids in the reproduction and preservation of the human race. I
t is the most universal social institution.
Functions of Family
1. Reproduction- the family is a prerequisite for the survival of a society to replace
one generation to the next. However, sexual activities are allowed but are
regulated.
2. Security – The family serves as a protector for all its members especially the young
and helpless against all kinds of danger.
3. Socialization- It is primarily the social institution that is responsible for the early
development of an individual’s personality. In the family, it is instilled in the child
the attitudes, norms, and values.
4. Assignment of Status – It is in the family that the initial ascribed status, religious
status and also their class status.
5. Emotional Support – “Home sweet home, for there the heart can rest”. This is
perhaps the best way to describe the kind of emotional support a family can give.
6. Other Functions of the family are that it provides the mechanisms in terms of
transmittal of inheritance or private property and serves as the economic base for
producing goods and services (Saquilayan, [Link],2011).
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Family Structures
1. Nuclear Family – This refers to a family consisting of a husband and wife
plus their children.
2. Extended Family – This refers to a family consisting of several generations
of blood relatives. This consists of two nuclear families; the family of orientation and
the family of orientation, that is, the family in which one is born and grows up or
where the individuals receive.
3. Joint family – This refers to married children with their spouses and children
living in one residence. The joint family is horizontal in relationship unlike the
extended family has three male generations- the father, the son, and the grandson.
4. Household – The household may consist of one individual or a hundred
individuals. The individuals may or may not related to one another. Household is a
census term.
5. Truncated Family – This is not a common form of family. This refers to the
grandparent- grandchildren relationship. This form of family happens when
grandparents assume the parental responsibility when the parents die, and they act
as surrogate parents. Financial problems of parents could be another reason why
grandparents take on the responsibility as surrogate parents.
6. Stem Family – This refers to the family formed by two families- the family of
orientation and the family of procreation. It is similar to the extended family. The
families do not share a common residence, but their houses may be located in the
same area. This form of family is typically agricultural. For example, one male may
do farming while the other children work outside the farm. Those left in the farm
also take care of the other children and receives share from the farm products
(Saquilayan, et. Al, 2011).
Models of Family
1. The Corporation Model — The father is the chief executive officer in this family
model. The mother is the operating officer, implements the father’s policy and manages
the staff (children) that in turn have privileges and responsibilities based on their
seniority.
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2. The Team Model — The father is the head, and the mother is the chief of the training
table and cheer leader in this family model. The children, suffering frequent
performance anxiety, play the rules and stay the rules and stay in shape with conformity
calisthenics. In this family, competition is the name of the game, winning is everything.
3. The Military Model — The father is the general in this model. The mother is the
guard on duty with a special assignment to the nurse corps when needed. The kids are
the grunts.
4. The Boarding School Model—This family model views the father as the rector or
headmaster, is in charge of the training school, mind and bodies. The mother is the
dorm counselor who oversees the real emotion, illness, good works and bedwetting. The
children are dutiful students.
5. The Theatrical Model- The father is the producer, plays the role of the father in
this model. The mother is the stage manager, doubles in the part of the mother and
children, the stagehands, also acts the roles of girls and boys. No writer is necessary
because the lines are scripted, the roles are sex stereotypes, the plot of predictable.
Kinship System
Kinship refers to human relations based on biological descent and marriage. It is
founded on social differences and cultural creations.
Types of Kinship
1. Consanguinity- It refers to the links between blood relatives.
2. Affinity- It refers to the links between relatives by marriage.
Agents of Socialization
1. Family - The family is the most important agent in socialization. It plays an
important role and has a special responsibility. It is usually the most influential
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group in the life of the child. From the family the child is given care, emotional
support, medical attention, shelter. Education and other basic support needs.
2. School – The school is the formal agent of socialization. It is the school where
emotional and intellectual growths are formally forged. Here they learn the basic
formal instruction in the 5Rs of education which are Reading, wRiting,
aRithmetic, Rational thinking and Right conduct.
The schools are responsible in implanting various fields of knowledge to prepare
the children for adulthood and become productive, effective and responsible citizens.
3. Peers – The peer group are another very potential agent of socialization. The peer
group is an informal grouping of two or more individuals, about the same age
levels, neighborhood, school or friends.
4. Mass Media- Mass media may be in the form of print, broadcast, or electronic.
Mass media is a socializing agent primarily to inform, entertain and educate. It
covers a wide field of interest and the whole society is its audience, that is, from
children to adults.
5. Religion- Religion is an agent of socialization that can assist in giving a society a
sense of direction. Morals and values which are inherent in religion can give
guidance about what is appropriate in terms of roles and behaviors of a society or
individual. It is taught I religion, for instances, “honor your father and your
mother”, and likewise concretely expressed in the family by way of “mano po”, and
similar ways of showing respect in school to our teachers who are acting as parents
in school (Saquilayan, et. At, 2011)
Rights and Obligation between Husband and Wife
The husband and Wife are obliged:
1. To live together.
2. Observe mutual love, respect and fidelity; and
3. Render mutual help and support (Art. 68, FC, Desiderio, 2006).
Family relations include those:
1. Between husband and wife.
2. Between parents and children.
3. Among other ascendants and descendants; and
4. Among brothers and sisters, whether of the full of half-blood
(Art. 50, FC, Desiderio, 2006).
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Fig. 4: A Quote for Family
The Family Home
The family home, constituted jointly by the husband and the wife or by an unmarried
head of a family, is the dwelling house where they and their family reside, and the land on
which it is situated (Art. 152, FC).
The family home is deemed constituted on a house and lot from the time it is occupied
as a family residence. From the time of its constitution and so long as any of its beneficiaries
actually resides therein, the family home continues to be such and is except from execution,
forced sale or attachment except as hereinafter provided and to the extent of the value by law
(Art. 153, FC, desiderio, 2006).
The beneficiaries of a family home are:
1. The husband and wife, or a single person who is the head of a family; and
2. Their parents, ascendants, descendants, brothers and sisters, whether the
relationship be legitimate of illegitimate, who are living in the family home and
who depend upon the head of the family for legal support law (Art. 153, FC,
desiderio, 2006).
Lesson 2. Rights and Duties of Parents
Primary Right of Parents
The parent shall have the right to the company of their children and, in relation to all
other persons or institutions dealing with the child’s development, the primary right and
obligation to provide for their upbringing (Art. 43, PD 603).
Right to discipline Child
Parents have the right to discipline the child as may be necessary for the formation of
his good character, and may therefore required from him obedience to just and reasonable
rules, suggestions and admonitions (Art. 45, PD 6030).
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Duties of Parent are:
1. Give him affection, companionship and understanding.
2. Extend to him the benefits of moral guidance, self-discipline and religious
instruction.
3. Supervise his activities, including his recreation.
4. Inculcate in him the value of industry, thrift and self-reliance.
5. Stimulate his interest in civic affairs, teach him the duties of citizenship, and
develop his commitment to his country.
6. Advise him properly on any matter affecting his development and well-being.
7. Always set a good example.
8. Provide him with adequate support.
9. Administer his property, if any, according to his best interests, subject to the
provision of Article 320 0f Civil Code (Desiderio, 2006).
“Art. 320. The father, or in his absence the mother, is the legal administrator of
the property pertaining to the child under parental authority. If the property is
worth more than two thousand pesos, the father or mother shall give a bond
subject to the approval of the Court of First Instance”.
Note: Parents shall endeavor to discover the child’s talents or aptitudes, if any, and to
encourage and develop them. If the child is especially gifted, his parents shall report this
fact to the National Center for Gifted Children or to other agencies concerned so that
officially assistance or recognition may be extended to him.
Liabilities of Parents
Parents and guardians are liable for the damage caused by the child under their
parental authority (Art. 58, PD603).
Criminal Liability shall be attached to any parent who:
[Link] or abandons the child with intent to make such child lose his civil status.
2. Abandons the child under such circumstances as to deprive him of love, care and
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protection he needs.
3. Sells or abandons the child to another person for valuable consideration.
[Link] the child by not giving him the education which the family’s station in life
and financial conditions permit.
5. Fails or refuses, without justifiable grounds, to enroll the child.
6. Causes, abates, or permits the truancy of the child from the school where he is
enrolled. Truancy, as here used means absence without cause, for more than twenty school
days, not necessarily consecutive. It shall be the duty of the teacher in charge to report to the
parents the absences of the child the moment these exceed five school days.
7. Improperly exploits the child by using him, directly or indirectly, such as for the
purposes of begging and other acts which are inimical to his interest and welfare.
8. Inflicts cruel and unusual punishment upon the child or deliberately subjects him
to indignations and other excessive chastisement that humiliates him.
[Link] or encourages the child to lead an immoral or dissolute life.
[Link] the child to posses, handle or carry a deadly weapon, regardless of its
ownership.
[Link] or requires the child to drive without a license or with a license
which the parent knows to have been illegally procured. If the motor vehicle driven by the
child belongs to the parent, it shall be presumed that the he permitted or ordered the child to
drive (Desiderio, 2006)
NOTE: Parents, as here used shall include the guardian and the head of the institution or
foster home which has custody of the child.
Paternity and Affiliation
The filiations of children may be the nature or by adoption. Natural filiations may be
legitimate or illegitimate (Art. 163).
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Lesson 3. Different Kinds of Children under the Family
Code
1. Legitimate Children 3. Legitimated Children
2. Illegitimate Children 4. Adopted Children
1. Legitimate Children
Children conceived or born during the marriage of the parents are legitimate.
Children conceive as a result of artificial insemination of the wife with the sperm of the
husband or that of a donor or both are likewise legitimate of the husband and his wife,
provided, that both of them authorized or ratified such insemination in a written
instrument executed and signed by them before the birth of the child.
Further, the instrument shall be recorded in the civil registry together with the
birth certificate of the child (ART.164, FC).
Rights of Legitimate Children
1. To bear the surnames of the father and the mother, in conformity with the provisions
of the civil code on Surnames.
2. To receive support from parents, their ascendants, and in proper cases, their brothers
and sisters, in conformity with the provisions of this Code on Support; and
3. To be entitled to the legitimate and other successional rights (legitime) granted to
them by the Civil Code (Art.174 FC).
Legitimacy of a child may be impugned only on the following grounds:
1. That it was physically impossible for the husband to have sexual intercourse with his wife
within the first 120 days of the 300 days which immediately preceded the birth of the child
because of:
a. the physical incapacity of the husband to have sexual intercourse with his wife;
b. the fact that the husband and wife were living separately in such a way that sexual
intercourse was not possible or
c. serious illness of the husband, which absolutely prevented sexual intercourse.
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2. That it is proved that for biological or other scientific reasons, the child could not have
been that of the husband, except in the instance provided in the second paragraph of Art.
164 FC; or
3. That in case children conceived through artificial insemination, the written consent or
ratification of either parent was obtained through mistake, fraud, violence, intimidation,
or undue influence (Art. 166 FC).
If the marriage is terminated and the mother contracted another marriage within
(300) three hundred days after such termination of the former marriage, these
rules shall govern in the absence of proof to the contrary:
1. A child born before (180) one hundred eighty days after the solemnation of the
subsequent marriage is considered to have been conceived during the former
marriage, provided it be born within three hundred days after the termination of the
former marriage;
2. A child born after (180)mone hundred eighty days following the celebration of the
subsequent marriage is considered to have been conceived during such marriage, even
though it be born within the three hundred days after the termination of the former
marriage (Art.168, FC).
2. Illegitimate Children
Children conceived and born outside a valid marriage are illegitimate, unless
otherwise provided by Family Code (Art. 165, FC).
[Link] Children
Only children conceived and born outside of wedlock of parents who, at the
time of the conception of the former, were not disqualified by any impediment to marry each
other may be legitimated. Legitimation shall take place by a subsequent valid marriage
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between parents. The annulment of a voidable marriage shall not affect the legitimation.
Legitimated children shall enjoy the same rights as legitimate children (ARTs 177-178, FC)
[Link] Children
Adoption may be defined as the juridical act which creates between 2 (two) persons a
relationship similar to that which results from legitimate paternity and filiation (Arts. 183-
193, FC).
Who may adopt?
1. A person of age and possession of full civil capacity and legal right may adopt, provided
he is in position to support and care for his children, legitimate or illegitimate, in
keeping with the means of the family.
2. The guardian with respect to the ward prior to the approval of the final accounts
rendered upon the termination of their guardianship relation.
3. Any person who has not been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude.
4. An alien, provided:
a. A former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative by consanguinity.
b. One who seeks to adopt the legitimate child of his or her Filipino spouse; or
c. One who is married to Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly with his or her
spouse a relative by consanguinity of the latter.
Aliens not included in the foregoing exceptions may adopt Filipino children in
accordance with the rules on inter-country adoptions as may be provided by law (28a
E.O91 and PD 603).
The following may not be adopted:
1. A person of legal age, unless he or she is a child by nature of the adopter
or his or her spouse or, prior to the adoption, said person has been consistently considered
and treated by the adopter as his or her own child during minority.
2. An alien with whose government government the Republic of the Philippines has no
diplomatic relations; and
3. A person who has already been adopted unless such adoption has been previously
revoked or rescinded (Art. 187, FC,30a, E.O 91 and PD603).
Note: Only minors may be adopted, except in cases when the adoption of a person of
majority age is allowed in this Title. In addition, the adopter must be at least (16) sixteen
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years older than the person to be adopted, unless the adopter is the parent by nature of the
person to be adopted, or is the spouse of the legitimate parent of the person to be adopted
(27a E.O.91 and PD 603, Desiderio,2006).
Segment 4: Parental Authority
Pursuant to the natural right and duty of parents over the person and property of their
unemancipated children, parental authority and responsibility shall include the caring for
and rearing them for civic consciousness and efficiency and the development of their moral,
mental and physical character and well-being. (Art.209,FC).
The father and the mother shall jointly use parental authority over the persons of their
common children. In case of disagreement, the father’s decision shall prevail, unless there is
a judicial order to the contrary (Art.211, FC).
Children shall always observe respect and reverence towards their parents and are
obliged to obey them as long as the children are under parental authority. In case of absence
or death of either parent, the parent present shall continue exercising parental authority. The
remarriage of the surviving shall not affect the parental authority over the children, unless
the court appoints another person to be the guardian of the person or property of the children
(Art.212, FC).
In case of separation of the parents, parental authority shall be exercised by the parent
by the parent designated by the Court. The Court shall take into account all relevant
considerations, especially the choice of the child over seven years of age, unless the parent
chosen is unfit (Art.213, FC).
In case of death, absence or unsuitability of the parents, substitute parental authority
shall be exercised by the surviving grandparent. In case of several survive, the one designated
by the court, taking into account the same consideration mentioned in the preceding article,
shall exercise the authority (Art. 214, FC).
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Substitute and Special Authority
In default of parents or judicially appointed guardian, the following shall exercise
substitute parental authority over the child in the order indicated:
1. The surviving grandparent, as provided in Art. 214, FC.
2. The oldest brother or sister, over twenty- one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified;
and
3. The child’s actual custodian, over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified
(Art. 216, FC):
Effect of Parental Authority upon the Children
The parents are those exercising parental authority shall, with respect to their
unemancipated children onwards, have the following rights and duties:
1. To keep them in their company, to support, educate and instruct them by right precept
and good example, and to provide for their upbringing in keeping with their means.
2. To give them love and affection, advice and counsel, companionship and
understanding.
3. To provide them with moral and spiritual guidance, inculcate in them honesty,
integrity, self- discipline, self-reliance, industry and thrift, stimulate their interest in
civic affairs, and inspire in them compliance with the duties of citizenship.
4. To furnish them with good and wholesome educational materials, supervise their
activities, recreation and association with others, protect them from bad company,
and prevent them from acquiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and
morals.
5. To represent them in all matters affecting their interests.
6. To demand from them respect and obedience.
7. To impose discipline on as may be required under the circumstances; and
8. To perform such other duties as are imposed by law upon parents and guardians.
Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority
Parental authority terminates permanently:
1. Upon the death of the parents.
2. Upon the death of the child; or
3. Upon emancipation of the child (Art.228, FC).
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Unless subsequently revived by a final judgement, parental authority also terminates:
1. Upon adoption of the child.
2. Upon appointment of a general guardian.
3. Upon judicial declaration of abandonment of the child in a case filed for the purpose.
4. Upon final judgement of a competent court divesting the party concerned of parental
authority; or
5. Upon judicial declaration of absence or incapacity of the person exercising parental
authority (Art.229, FC)
However, parental authority is suspended upon conviction of the parent or a person
exercising the same of a crime which carries with it the penalty of civil interdiction.
The authority is automatically reinstated upon service of the penalty or upon pardon or
amnesty of the offender (Art. 230, FC).
The court in an action filed for the purpose in a related case may also suspend parental
authority if the parent or the person exercising the same:
1. Treats the child with excessive harshness or cruelty.
2. Give the child corrupting orders, counsel for example.
3. Compels the child to beg; or
4. Subject the child or allows him to be subjected to acts of lasciviousness (Art.231,
FC).
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Segment 5: Emancipation and Age of Majority
Emancipation- Emancipation is the release of a person from parental authority
whereby he becomes capacitated for civil life.
When does emancipation takes place?
Ans: Emancipation takes place:
1. By the attainment of majority.
2. By the marriage of the minor.
3. By the recording in the Civil Register of an agreement in a public instrument executed
by the parent exercising parental authority and the minor at least eighteen (18) years
of age
4. By the recording in the Civil Register of an agreement in a public instrument executed
by the parent exercising parental authority and the minor at least eighteen (18) years
of age but the agreement must be approved by the court before it is recorded
(Arts.234,235, FC)
When does majority commence and what is the effect thereof?
Ans: Unless otherwise provided, majority commences at the age of 18 years (Art.234, FC) as
amended by R.A 6809
Emancipation for any cause shall terminate parental authority over the person and
property of the child who shall then be qualified and responsible for all acts of civil life, save the
exeptions established by existing laws in special cases. Further, contracting marriage, however,
shall require parental consent until the age of 21.
Care and Education of Children
Every Child:
1. Is entitled to parental care.
2. Shall receive at least elementary education.
3. Shall be given moral and civic training by the parents or guardian.
4. Has the right to live in an atmosphere conducive to his physical, moral and intellectual
development.
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Every child shall:
1. Obey and honor his parents or guardian.
2. Respect his grandparents, old relatives, and persons holding substitute parental
authority.
3. Exert his utmost for his education and training; Cooperate with the family in all
matters that make for the good of the same.
4. Cooperate with the family in all matters that make for the good of the same.
Every parent and every person holding substitute parental authority shall see to it that
the rights of the child are respected, and his duties complied with, and shall particularly,
by precept and example, imbue the child with high mindedness, love of country,
veneration for the national heroes, fidelity to democracy as a way of life, and attachment
to the ideal of permanent world peace.
The Council for the Protection of Children shall look after the welfare of children in
the municipality. It shall, among other functions:
1. Foster the education of every child in the municipality.
2. Encourage the cultivation of the duties of parents.
3. Protect and assist abandoned or mistreated children, and orphans.
4. Take steps to prevent juvenile delinquency.
5. Adopt measures for the health of children.
6. Promote the opening and maintenance of playgrounds.
7. Coordinate the activities of organizations devoted to the welfare of children and
secure their cooperation.
Juvenile courts will be established, as far as practicable, in every chartered city
or large municipality. Whenever a child is found delinquent by any court, the
father, mother, mother, or guardian may in a proper case be judicially admonished.
In all questions on the care, custody, education and property of children the
latter’s welfare shall be paramount. No mother shall be separated from her child
under seven years of age, unless the court finds compelling reasons for such
measure (Desiderio, 2006).
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Segment 6: Regulation of Child and Youth Welfare Services
Public and private child and youth welfare agencies providing encouragement, care,
and protection to any category of children and youth whether mentally gifted, dependent,
abandoned, neglected, abused, handicapped, disturbed, or youthful offenders, classified and
defined as follows, shall be coordinated by the Department of Social Welfare (Art. 117, PD 603):
1. A Child-caring Institution – provides 24-hour resident group care services for the
physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being of nine or more mentally gifted, depend
dependent, neglected, abused, handicapped disturbed children or youthful offenders.
Its main purpose is education.
2. A Detention Home - a 24-hour child-caring institution providing short term
resident care for youthful offenders who are awaiting court disposition.
3. A Shelter-care Institution – provides temporary protection and care to children
requiring emergency reception as a result of fortuitous events, abandonment by
parents, dangerous conditions of neglect or cruelty in the home.
4. Receiving Home – a family-type home, which provides temporary shelter from ten to
twenty days for children who shall, during this period, be under observation and study
for eventual placement by the department of Social Welfare.
5. A Nursery – a child-caring institution that provides care for six or or more children
below six year of age for all or part of a 24 hour day.
6. A Maternity Home – an institution of residence whose primary function is to give
shelter and care to pregnant women and their infants before, during and after the
delivery.
7. A Rehabilitation Center – an institution that receives and rehabilitates youthful
offenders or other disturbed children.
8. A Reception and Study Center – institution that receives for study, diagnosis and
temporary treatment, children who have behavioral problems for the purpose of
determining the appropriate care for them or recommending their permanent
treatment or rehabilitation in other child welfare agencies.
9. A Child-placing Agency – an institution or person assuming the care, custody,
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
protection and maintenance of children for placement in any child-caring institution or
home or under the care and custody; and is dependent upon the public for support.
CATEGORIES OF CHILDREN
1. A Dependent Child
➢ one who is without a parent, guardian or custodian, or whose parents, guardian or other
custodian for good cause desire to be relieved of his care and custody and isdependent
upon the public for support.
2. An Abandoned Child
➢ one who had no proper parental care orguardianship or whose parents orguardians
have deserted him for a periodof at least six consecutive months (PD 603)
➢ refers to a child who has no proper parental care or guardianship, or whose parents
have deserted him or her for aperiod of at least three (3) continuous months (RA 9523)
3. A Neglected Child
➢ one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended
➢ a child is unattended when left by himselfwithout provision for his needs and without
proper supervision
➢ neglect may occur in two ways:
a) Physical Neglect
Malnourishment, untidy and damaged clothing, no shelter
b) Emotional Neglect
maltreated, raped, seduced, abused, exploited, made to work under conditions not
conducive to good health or placed in moral and physical danger
4. Mentally Retarded
➢ socially incompetent, socially inadequate, occupationally incompetent and unable
to manage their own affairs
➢ mentally sub-normal
➢ retarded intellectually from birth or early age
➢ retarded at maturity
➢ mentally deficient because of constitutional origin through heredity or disease
➢ essentially incurable (Art.168, PD 603)
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Classification of Mental Retardation
a. Custodial Group
Members of this classification are severely or profoundly retarded, the least capable
group. This includes those with I.Q.s to 25
b. Trainable Group
The members of this group consist of those with I.Q.s from about 25 to 50; one
who belongs to this group shows a mental level and rate of development which is
¼ to ½ that of the average child, is unable to acquire higher academic skills but
can usually acquire the basic skills for living to a reasonable degree.
c. Educable group
This group’s I.Q. ranges from about 50 to about 75, and the intellectual
development is approximately ½ to ¾ of that expected of a normal child of the
same Chronological age. The degree of success or accomplishment that they will
reach in life depends very much on the quality and type of education they receive,
as well as the treatment at home and in the community. Many of the educable
retardates may reach 5th or 6th grade educational level and can develop occupational
skills which may result in partial or complete economic independence in adulthood.
c. Borderline or Low Normal Group
This is the highest group of mentally retarded, with I.Q.s The members of this
classification Are only slightly retarded, and they can usually get by in regular classes if
they receive some extra help, guidance and consideration. They have to spend much more
time with their studies than do most children in order to pass. Those who cannot make it
are usually handicapped by one or more other conditions aside from that of intelligence
(Art. 169, PD 603).
5. Physically Handicapped
crippled, deaf-mute, blind and other conditions which restrict their means ofaction
➢
or communication with others
6. Emotionally Disturbed
➢ those who, although not afflicted with insanity or mental defect, are unable to
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
maintain normal social relations with others and the community in general due to
emotional problems or complexes
➢ may be caused by traumatic experiences
7. Mentally ill
➢ those with any behavioral disorder, whether functional or organic, which is of such
a degree of severity as to requireprofessional help or hospitalization
8. Disabled Children
➢ Includes mentally retarded, physically-handicapped, emotionally disturbed and
mentally ill children
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Admission of Disabled Children
Mentally ill children are those with any behavioral disorder, whether functional or
organic, which is of such a degree of severity as to require professional help or hospitalization
(Art. 172, PD 603).
Disabled children as used in this chapter shall include mentally retarded, physically
handicapped, emotionally disturbed, and severe mentally ill children.
Training and opportunities for Disabled Children
1. Specialized educational services shall be expanded and improved to provide appropriate
opportunities for disabled children.
2. Vocational rehabilitation and manpower conservation agencies shall train disabled
children for specialized types of jobs, services and business which could learned only by
them and, shall help provide opportunities for their future occupational placement.
3. That the agencies and organizations engaged in programs and services for the disabled
need not be limited to minors. Persons of legal age may be admitted whenever facilities
are available for them (Art. 174, PD 603).
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
ACTIVITIES/POST TEST:
ACTIVITY 1.
I. Make a sample of brochure about family (your family) or institution indicate the
following contents:40 points
a. Family Structures
b. Models of family
c. Information about your family
d. Name, contact number and email address
II. On the table below, give one important “quotation” related to your family and
discuss it. Provide space for your answer.20 points
ACTIVITY 2.
List down different duties and responsibilities of your parents. Provide a space for your
answer.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
ACTIVITY 3.
Write in a table below the different kinds of children indicating the following: 10 points
a. Kinds of children
b. Description
Kinds of children under the family code Description
1.
2.
3.
4.
ACTIVITY 4:
List down some effects of parental authority upon the children.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
ACTIVITY 5:
On the table below, discuss when emancipation takes place.
ACTIVITY 6:
On the table below, enumerate the different child and youth welfare services.
Child and youth welfare services Definition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Post-test:
I. Multiple choices: Write the letter of the correct answer before each number.
[Link] refers to a basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects.
a. Society b. Family c. Community d. Government
2. He/She is the one reciting the FAMILY.
a. Father b. Mother c. Child d. Baby
3. He is the chief executive officer in the corporate family model.
a. Father b. Mother c. Child d. Baby
4. This refers to family formed by two families – the family of orientation and the family of
procreation.
a. Stem Family b. Truncated Family c. Household d. Joint Family
5. This refers to a family in which married children with their spouses and children are living
in one residence.
a. Stem Family b. Truncated Family c. Household d. Joint Family
[Link] is not a common form of family. This refers to grandparents-grandchild relationship.
a. Stem Family b. Truncated Family c. Household d. Joint Family
7. This structure of family may consist of one individual or a hundred individuals. The
individuals may or may not be related to one another but living at the same residence and share
in the domestic functions.
a. Household b. Extended Family c. Household d. Joint Family
8. It is the most important in socialization; it where the child is given care, emotional
support, medical attention, shelter, education and other basic support needs.
a. School b. Peer c. Family d. Religion
9. It is an agent of socialization that can assist in giving a society a sense of direction. Morals
and values are taught that can give guidance about what is appropriate in terms of roles and
behaviors of a society or individual.
a. School b. Peer c. Family d. Religion
10. This agent of socialization could be in the form of print, broadcast, or electronic.
a. School b. Peer c. Religion d. Mass Media
11. This is another very potential agent of socialization. It is an informal grouping of two or
more individuals, about the same age levels, neighborhood, school or friends.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
a. School b. Peer c. Religion d. Mass Media
12. It is a formal agent of socialization where in emotional descent and intellectual growths
are formally forged.
a. School b. Peer c. Religion d. Mass Media
13. It refers to human relations based on biological descent and marriage.
a. Kinship b. Consanguinity c. Affinity d. Empathy
14. This type of kinship refers to the links between relatives by marriage.
a. Kinship b. Consanguinity c. Affinity d. Empathy
15. It comprises everything indispensable for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical
attendance, education and transportation, in keeping with the financial capacity of the family.
a. Family b. Adoption c. Support d. Family Home
II. Essay: Discuss the following comprehensively.
1. When does the age of majority commence and what is the effect hereof? 10 pts.
2. What is Emancipation? When does emancipation takes place?10 pts.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
REFERENCES:
BOOKS
ALVIOLA, ARMANDO [Link]. (2012)” Juvenile Delinquency”. Wiseman’s Book Trading Inc.
ASALAN, JARANILLA GAY L. [Link]. (2012). “Understanding Juvenile Delinquency and
Juvenile Justice”. Hunt Publishing Center.
CHAVEZ, CARMELITA B. [Link]. (2020)” Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice
System”. Mind shaper Publishing House.
EDUARDO, JESTER P. [Link]. (2016).” Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Prevention”.
Wiseman’s Book Trading Inc.
RUBRIC SCORING FOR LABORATORY ACTIVITY
(PANDEMIC)
CRITERIA 5 3 1
1. Ability to Clear, concise With missing Confusing, some
explain and answers the ideas, but answers are
answer questions answered the incorrect.
question correctly. questions
correctly.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
All materials and Most of the Many materials
set-up used in materials and set- are described
experiments are up used in the inaccurately are
clearly and experiment are not described at
2. Materials accurately accurately all.
described. described.
Drawings and Drawings and
pictures included pictures included
as appropriate. are not
appropriate at all.
Data were Data were Some points are
gathered and gathered and lacking.
presented presented Incomplete
3. Presentation properly. Content properly. Content
of output is comprehensive is informative but
and informative. not
comprehensively
given.
Conclusion Conclusion No conclusion was
includes whether includes what was included in the
the findings learned from the activity or shows
4. Conclusion supported the experiment. little effort and
hypothesis, reflection.
possible sources of
error, and what
was learned from
the experiment.
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
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35 WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
Vision 2020
development of West Philippines and beyond.
Mission
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
WPU commits to develop quality human resource and green
development
technologies for a of West Philippines
dynamic economy andandsustainable
beyond.
development through relevant instruction,
research and extension services.
Core Values (3CT)
Culture of Excellence
Commitment
Creativity
Teamwork
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
