Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University (SDSSU)

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur

Module 2: The Life Journey of Dr. Jose Rizal

Introduction

Heroes, according to a popular saying, are not born; they are made.
Rizal and his contemporaries are product of their time. They are molded
by their environment and situations which constitute the call of history.
They simple responded to this call at the cost of ignoring their personal
welfare and proceeded to put the nation toward its historical path.

This module has been written to provide useful tool toward a better
understanding of the life, times, ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal. It
contains a brief story of Rizal’s life and outline of his journey in the
Philippines and abroad. It answer issues regarding his life and his place
in the pantheon of heroes.

It is hope that this module can help the Filipino students develop
values that instill the mind of patriotism, discipline, courage and
perseverance whom Rizal called “the fair hope of the motherland”.
They will understand the different elements that came together to
create their history and culture as a group of people.

Through this module, the young readers will also acquire the ability to
understand and analyze the present issues, decisions and events in the
country. It will enable them to see the wider picture beyond the personal
life of Jose Rizal and understand why he chose the path of martyrdom.

This module were outlined in the units which are accompanied by

different lessons designed for a three-day activity. For each unit, there is
a set of questions intended to give students an overview of the events. It
also contains exercises intended to develop positive values based on
Rizal’s experiences.

Utmost care and other methods were used in order to preserve the
materials for the young students to understand. In this kind of learning
module that deals with a very broad topic, it is inevitable that there will
be some weaknesses and /or deficiencies. Even so, this work is a
product of collective responsibility for important contributions especially
in helping our students gain positive knowledge, which are invaluable
for the youth of the country today.

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Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the course, students should be able to

1. Point out important landmarks in the life of Jose Rizal.

2. Describe the characteristics of Jose Rizal.
3. Develop critical and analytical skills on the complex life events of
Rizal.
4. Analyze the context and perspective of a hero.
5. Effectively communicate, using historical analysis of a particular
event that could help others understand various issues in the past.
6. Propose recommendations/solutions to present-day problems based
on their understanding of root causes and their anticipation of future
scenarios.
7. Display the ability to work in a team and contribute to a group
project.
8. Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and
preserving our country's national patrimony and cultural heritage.

Instructional Materials

This module will utilize various instructional materials such as

textbooks, articles, documentaries, powerpoint presentations, films,
pictures and other learning resources which can be used in both face
to face and online classroom.

Procedure / Lesson Development

 Motivation

1. How do you describe a typical Filipino Family?

2. Do you think Dr. Jose Rizal has an ordinary or a typical Filipino
Family?
3. Can you compare your own family to Rizal’s family?
4. Do you think a family background can affect an individuals’ life?

Unit 1. Rizal’s Family Background

A. Birth
1. Date: June 19, 1861
2. Place: Calamba, Laguna

B. Parents
1. Father: Francisco Mercado
2. Mother: Teodoro Alonso y Realonda

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 C. Siblings
1. Saturnina
2. Narcisa
3. Olympia
4. Lucia
5. Maria
6. Concepcion
7. Josefa
8. Trinidad
9. Soledad
10. Paciano

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1. Modified True or False: Write the surname of your instructor

when the statement is true and change the underlined word with the
correct answer if the statement is false.

______________ 1. Francisco is the only brother of Rizal.

______________ 2. Saturnina was the closest to Rizal among his siblings.
______________ 3. Trinidad died when Rizal was a boy.
______________ 4. Rizal was the 7th of the eleven (11) children in his
family.
______________5. Paciano was the youngest siblings in his family.

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Exercise 2. Investigate on the Family Background of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.

 Educational Status
 Economic Status
 Social Status

Exercise 3. Illustrate your own Family Tree. Compare your family

structure to Rizal’s Family?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Summary

Family is considered to be the foundation of social life for

most Filipinos. The family of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal has an
important factor that influence his values and characteristic as a person.
Rizal depict a good example of a son to his parents and a brother to his
siblings. His family was one of his inspiration in showing courage and
fidelity to fight for freedom and equality in the country.

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 Motivation

1. How important is education to you?

2. What do you think does education may contribute to your life?

Unit II. Rizals’ Education

A. Early Childhood
1. First teachers hired by his father:
a. Lucas Padua
b. Leon Monroy

2. His mother, Dona Teodora

a. Reader used: El Amigo de los Ninos (The Children’s Friend)
b. Prominent lesson learned as a young boy was from :The
story of the moth”

B. Influences From Other Members of His Family

1. Uncle Gregorio, who taught him the value of hard work, to
think for himself, and to observe his surroundings keenly.
2. Uncle Jose, who encouraged him to sketch, paint, and make
sculptures.
3. Uncle Manuel, who encourage him to pursue his physical
development. He taught the young boy swimming, fencing,
wrestling, and other sports.
4. His yaya (nanny) who told stories that awakened the
imagination and creativity of the young boy. She told stories of
duwendes (dwarves), ghosts, and aswangs (evil spirits), of the
beautiful Mariang Makiling and other tales on the beautiful
surroundings of his hometown, Calamba.

C. Artistic Endeavors

1. Poems written:
a. “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”
b. “Un Recuerdo de Mi Pueblo” (“A Memory of my Town”, a
poem about Calamba)

2. He made sculptures out of mud.

3. He drew things surrounding their house like trees, flowers, birds,
butterflies, and anything he saw around him. He used charcoal and
juices of leaves and flowers for colors.

D. Formal Education

1. Place: Binan, Laguna

a. Teacher: Justiniano Aquino Cruz

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 b. Process used in teaching: He was quick to discipline his
students for any infraction using a short, thin stick.

2. Injustice to the Rizal Family

a. Dona Teodora was accused as an accomplice of Jose
Alberto of trying to poison his wife.
b. Dona Teodora tried to mediate between the spouses but
she was accused of trying to poison the wife.
c. Dona Teodora was thrown to jail.

3. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877)

a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an
eleven-year-old.
b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J.
inspired the young student.
b.1 Some poems written under the guidance of Fr.
Sanchez:
- “The Tragedy of St. Eustace”
- In the Memory of My Town”
- “Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
Education”
- “Through Education Motherland Receives
Enlightenment”
b.2 He had excellent achievements and graduated
highest in his class.
b.3 Other activities while in Ateneo:
b.3.1 He studied painting under Agustin Saez.
b.3.2 He studied sculpture under Teodoro Romualdo
de Jesus.
b.3.3 He carved the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary
on a batikuling wood.
b.3.4 He carved the image of the Sacred Heart.
b.3.5 He joined the organization Marian
Congregation. His mentor was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
b.3.6 He was a member of the Academy of Spanish
Literature.
b.3.7 He was a member of the Academy of natural
Sciences.
B.3.8 Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J. encouraged him to pay
attention also to the sciences and philosophy.

4. As a student of the University of Santo Tomas:

a. He enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters;
majored in Philosophy, 1877-1878
b. In S.Y 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo and took up a
course on land surveying which was offered then as a
vocational course.

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 b.1 He completed the surveyor’s course and was
awarded the title perito agrimensor.
b.2 He passed the final examination for the course.
b.3 He could not practice the surveyor’s profession since
he was still underaged when he passed the course.
b.4 He was issued his certificate on November 25, 1881,
at the age of 20.

c. He pursued medicine at the University of Santo Tomas.

c.1 Some of his grades were still excellent but he also
had lower grades.

d. He submitted an entry in the Liceo Artistico Literario de

Manila in 1879, entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino
Youth).
d.1 He won first prize in the contest.
d.2 He was awarded a silver quill.
d.3 For the first time, he used the phrase “the youth, the
fair hope of my country” (kabataan, pag-asa ng aking
bayan”)

e. In 1880, literary contest was held by Liceo Artistico Literario

de Manila. Jose Rizal submitted an entry entitled El Consejo de
los Dioses (Council of the Gods).

e.1 This was held in commemoration of the 400th death

anniversary of Miguel de Cervantes, Spain;s national poet.
e.2 This poem was in praise of Cervantes and made him
coequal with Homer and Virgil.
e.3 He was awarded the grand prize.
e.4 The award was a gold ring with an engraved bust of
Cervantes.

f. Other literary works:

f.1 “Junto al Pasig” - This one-act play was requested by
the Jesuits on the feast day of the Immaculate Conception.
This was a satire showing the good elements and bad
elements. In the end, it was a victory for the good elements.
f.2 “A Filipinas”

g. He decided to discontinue his studies in the Philippines

and continue in Spain:
g.1 To widen his knowledge;
g.2 To avail of more conducive conditions in Europe; and
g.3 He wanted to learn a cure on the worsening eye
condition of his mother.

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Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1: Identification: Indicate the correct answers to the following

questions below:

________________ 1. Rizal’s uncle who taught him the value of hardwork.

________________ 2. She told stories of ghosts, aswangs or other evil spirits
that awakened the imagination and creativity of the young boy Rizal.
________________3. It was Rizal’s first poem when he was seven.
________________4. He was Rizals’ teacher in Laguna, who used a thin
stick when students cannot answer in the class.
________________5. He was the priest in Ateneo who guide and inspire
Rizal to write more poems.
________________6. Rizal’s uncle who encourage him to sketch, paint
and make sculptures.
________________7. It was an award winning piece of Rizal in the Liceo
Artistico Literario de Manila in 1879.
________________8. It was Rizal’s literary piece which won grand prize in
1880.
________________9. Rizal’s first course in the University of Santo Tomas.
_______________10. She told Rizal a prominent lesson about “The story of
the Moth”.

Exercise 2: Explanation. Discuss the following questions below.

1. How do you describe Rizal as a student?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
2. Who do you think is the most important person that influence Rizal to
be excellent and determined to his studies? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
3. Can you enumerate the talents and skills of Dr. Jose Rizal during his
studies in the Philippines? How do you think Rizal acquires these abilities
in his young age?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

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Exercise 3: Write an Essay on this “Editorial Cartoon”

Summary:

For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the

highest seat of glory and to develop the people’s mentality. Since
education is the foundation of society and a prerequisite for social
progress, Rizal claimed that only through education could the country
be saved from domination. The life of Rizal as a student, from his
childhood to his college days has been an example of excellence and
determination. Rizal portray impressive talents, abilities and skills and has
proved himself in different literary competitions however these brought
him into more profound realization about the true condition of his
country and fellow Filipinos.

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Motivation:

1. What is the most exciting experience do you have in traveling from

far places?
2. Is there any place in the world you want to visit? What place is that
and why?

Unit III: Rizal Journey’s Abroad

I. First Trip to Europe

A. Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882.

1. He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother Paciano and his
uncle, Antonio Rivera.
2. He decided not to seek his parents’ blessing knowing they would
never approve of his plan.
3. He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno.
4. He first stopped in Singapore; Colombo in Sri Lanka; Aden in
Yemen; and crossed the entire length of the Suez Canal. They
landed at Port Said, Egypt; Naples in Italy; and disembarked in
Marseilles, France.

B. Activities in Marseilles

1. Jose Rizal went to Chateau d’If, the venue of Alexandre Dumas’s

novel, The Count of Monte Cristo.
2. He boarded in Portbou. He noticed the indifference of the
Spanish immigration officers compared to the courteous French
counterparts.

C. He arrived in Spain

1. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of the Spanish province,

Cataluna. According to him, the people were indifferent and he arrived
during the summer vacation of the students.
a. In this city, he found out that the people of the city enjoyed
freedom and liberalism.
b. He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog.
b.1 “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country)
b.2 “Los Viajes” (Travels)
b.3 “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid)
c. He met his classmates from Ateneo at the Plaza de Cataluna.

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 2. Madrid

a. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3,

1882. He enrolled in the following courses:

a.1 Medicine
a.2 Philosophy and Letters

b. He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos

b.1 Painting and Sculpture

b.2 Languages: French, German, and English

c. He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell

c.1 Shooting
c.2 Fencing

d. Important people he met:

d.1 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and

self-determination. Students from South America hailed him as their
champion. He joined his students and other supporters to this end.
d.2 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal who used to live
in the Philippines.

e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino

e.1 It was a social organization where the members talked on

the reforms needed in the Philippines.
e.2 This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos who were
the exiles of 1872.
e.3 It held informal programs which included poetry reading and
debates.

f. He joined freemasonry

f.1 He became a member and his masonic name was

“Dimasalang”
f.2 Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by the Catholic
Church because its beliefs are contrary to the doctrines of the
Church.
f.3 A mason’s outlook in life and adapted their view that
knowledge should be achieved by the light of reason and universal
brotherhood of men.

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 f.4 Masonry attacked the Church for what they believed its
because they believed it promoted of religious superstition and
obscurantism, hiding truth behind the veil of religion.

g. He was an avid book collector. He scrimped on food and clothes

and lived in modest accommodations but he bought books. Important
books collected:

1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

2. Works of Alexander Dumas
3. The Wandering Jew written by Eugene Sue
4. Lives of the Presidents of the United States
5. The Complete Works of Horace

h. Events on June 25, 1884

1. Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting Spoliarium
while Felipe Resurreccion Hidalgo took the second place for his
painting Virgines Christianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Population)
2. The Filipino painters joined the National Exposition of Fine Arts
3. Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public audience saying that Luna
an Hidalgo were the pride of the Filipino people; that genuis is not a
monopoly of any race and their prizes were products of both the
Philippines and Spain. He voiced the hope that, someday, Spain will
grant the reforms needed by Filipinos.
4. This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal. This
reached the Philippines and there were elements in the Philippines who
were not pleased with this development.

i. Completion of His Studies

1. He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 21, 1884. He

did not have his Doctorate in Medicine because he did not present the
thesis required for graduation. He can practice medicine with the
acquisition of this degree but he cannot teach medicine.
2. He finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters and obtained the
degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the rating of sobresaliente.

j. He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he was still a

student at the Central University of Madrid.
1. He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is about the trial and hardship of
the black slaves and awakened in him his inherent love and
concern for the afflicted.

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 2. On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriates had a meeting at the
house of the Paterno brothers. It was during this meeting that the
Filipinos who attended agreed to write a novel about the Philippines.
These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo Paterno, Antonio Paterno,
Gracia Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio
Llorente. Valentin Diaz, and Jose Rizal.

3. The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left to write the
novel. He started writing in Madrid and he continued to write while
he was in France and Germany. Final revisions were made in Berlin.

4. He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend,
Maximo Viola. He lent Jose 300 Php, the needed amount for the first
2,000 copies of the novel.

5. On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin. The first
recipients of the novel were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio
Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marino Ponce, and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo.

6. As a way of showing his appreciation, he gave the original

manuscript of the Noli Me Tangere and a complimentary copy to
Maximo Viola.

7. Jose Rizal explained the title “Noli Me Tangere” means “Touch Me

Not.” This was from the bible, from the Gospel of St. John.

8. The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his fatherland.

D. Paris, France

1. He arrived in Paris on November 1885.

2. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
3. He found time to be with his friends, Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna,
and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
4. He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
5. Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion”

E. Germany

1. On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg. An old university

town.
a. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker at the University
Eye Hospital.
b. He listened to the lectures of Becker and Prof. Wilhelm
Kuehne.
c. He wrote the poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg.”

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 d. He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld where
he lived with protestant Pastor Karl Ulmer to perfect his ability to
speak German.
e. He started his cerrespondence with Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt, the Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. He sent a
book to Prof. Blumentritt, Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar.

2. On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig.

a. He met Prof. Friedrich ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer who wrote a
book on the Philippines.
b. He translated Schiller’s William Tell to Tagalog. The book
narrates how the Swiss attained their independence in a peaceful
manner.
c. He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Tagalog
for his nephews and nieces.

3. On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden.

a. He saw the painting of Raphael, the Sistine Madonna.

b. At the Zoological, Anthropological and Ethnographic
Museum, he saw the collection on the Philippines.

4. Berlin

a. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote Travels in the Philippines.

b. He met Dr. Rudolf and his son, Hans Virchow, two known
German anthropologists; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a
known opthalmologist.
c. He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the
Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic Society.

c.1 His paper entitled Tagalische Verkunst was delivered

before the members.
c.2 He was accepted and became a very respected
member.

d. He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On

March 29, 1887, the novel was finally printed.

5. He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus.

6. In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose Rizal parted ways.
Viola returned to Spain while Rizal continued to Rome, Italy, then
Marseilles, France where he boarded Djemnah to Saigon and finally,
Manila.

F. Jose Rizal Returned to Calamba.

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1. He established a clinic and his first patient was his mother.
2. He successfully removed the double cataract on his mother’s eyes.
3. He worked as a town physician.
4. He was called to Malacanang by Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero due to the
controversy raised by Noli Me Tangere. The first copies had arrived in
Manila.
5. Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch over Jose Rizal.
6. After a review of the Noli Me Tangere, it was found out that the book
was heretic, impious, unpatriotic, subversive, and injurious to the
government of Spain in the Philippines. It was recommended that the
importation, reproduction, and distribution of the book should be
prohibited.
7. Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave the country.
8. Investigation on the Calamba problem.
9. Before leaving the Philippines, he wrote the poem “Hymn to Labor”,
to commemorate the elevation of Lipa, Batangas into a villa.

II. Second Leg of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe

A. He travelled through Asia.

1. In Hong Kong

a. He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who

were exiled due to the secularization issue of 1872.
b. He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and
theater, Chinese cultures and Chinese values.
c. He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.

2. He visited Japan

a. He stayed in Yokohama.
b. He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture,
theaters, martial arts, and he visited shrines.
c. On the way to the United States, on board a ship, he met
Tetcho Suehiro.
c.1 Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In this book, he
described his travel from Japan to the U.S and his association
with Jose Rizal.
c.2 He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea.
This is said to be similar to Rizal;s Noli Me Tangere.

B. In the United States of America

1. The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San

Francisco on April 28, 1888. The reason given was because the boat

15
 came from a land where cholera was rampant. In reality, it was
because the boat carried several Chinese coolies and laborers who
accepted cheap labor, displacing the American laborers. This
situation was resolved and the passengers were allowed to
disembark safely.
2. He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado,
Nebraska, Chicago, Albany, and New York City.
3. His comments on America:
a. The United States was a progressive and prosperous
country.
b. There was lack of racial equality because there was racial
prejudice against the blacks.
c. America was a land of fairness and justice but only for the
whites.

C. He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. Immediately

after his arrival, he left for London.

1. He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. He

practiced law in London.
2. Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England. He was also an authority on Malay
languages and customs.
3. His objectives for choosing to live in London:
a. To do research on Philippine history; and
b. To analyze Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a
rare Philippine history book available at the British Museum.

4. Works of Jose Rizal

a. Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February 1889) in

Tagalog as requested by M.H. del Pilar. This letter was to honor the
young ladies of Malolos who, inspite of the opposition of the parish
priest, requested Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler to give his permission
to this endeavor. He finaly consented to the opening of a night
school for women.
b. Specimen of Tagal Folklore (published in the Asian Studies
journal Trubner’s Record on May 1889). This article consisted of
Filipino proverbs and puzzles.
c. An article on two eastern fables which compared the Filipino
fable “Monkey and Turtle” with the Japanese fable “Monkey and
the Crab.”
d. He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the
La Solidaridad, a fortnightly periodical of the Propaganda.
d.1 When Marcelo H. del Pilar arrived in Barcelona, Spain, he
took over as the editor.
d.2 He wrote articles for the periodical from 1889 to 1890.

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 d.3 He used the pen name “Laong Laan.”

5. Sculptural works:

a. Prometheus Bound
b. Triumph of Death over Life
c. Triumph of Science over Death

D. He transferred to Paris.

1. He continued his research on Philippine history at the

Bibliotheque Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
2. He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio Morga’s
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He published his annotated version.
3. He studied the French language.
4. He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students of the
French language may use as a textbook or workbook.
5. He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos. These social
clubs which aimed to prove that the Filipinos could excel
intellectually and physically.
6. He published Por Telefono. This answered Fr. Salvation Font, a
Spanish friar who attacked the Noli Me Tangere.

E. His Activities in Brussels

1. He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second novel.

2. He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad.
a. “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth for All People”
b. “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
c. “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
d. “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos” or “The Philippines A Century
Hence”
e. “Sin Nombre” or “Without Name”
f. “Sobre La Nueva”
g. “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos”
3. Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money
was very scarce and it was financed by Valentin Ventura.
4. He received the news that the members of his family were
deported to different places. They also lost the agrarian case in
Calamba.
5. Publication of El Filibusterismo

F. The Decision to Transfer to Madrid

1. The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme Court in Madrid.

Rizal wanted to pay attention to the case. The Calamba residents were

17
forced to leave the town, their houses were burned and more people
were exiled, including the entire Rizal family.
2. He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” (“To My Muse”)
3. Rivalry between Jose Rizal and M.H. del Pilar

a. Another group of Filipinos was being formed in Madrid. This

was composed of disgruntled students who viewed that the
members of Circulo Hispano Filipino were more inclined to
accomodation, moderation, and politeness toward the
Spaniards than actually fighting for reforms in the Philippines.

b. Another organization was formed. This was the Asosacion

Hispano Filipino. It was headed by Dr. Miguel Morayta, a Spanish
professor and a Mason Grandmaster. In a meeting to decide
where the direction of the Propaganda was going, the group
started with an election of the leader. There were 90 Filipino
members. An election was held and it was a contest between
Jose Rizal and M.H del Pilar. For two canvassings, del Pilar lead
the votes but there was no majority. Finally, on the third attempt,
Jose Rizal won but Jose chose to leave than divide the Filipinos
in Madrid.

4. Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to the

Philippines but he compromised that Jose can return to the East, near
enough for his parents and relatives to visit him but he cannot be
disturbed by the Spaniards. He left for Hong Kong.

G. His Prodcutive Life in Hong Kong

1. Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
2. With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided to leave
the political life in Europe and concentrate on his endeavors.
3. He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and
this was granted.
4. He had a reunion with his siblings and his parents. He supported
them in Hong Kong.
5. His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his
practice in Hong Kong.
6. He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for
displaced Calamba farmers.
7. Writings
a. He translated The Rights of Man written in French to
Tagalog, Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao.

8. Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of a organized group of

Filipinos toward the attainment of the liberty of the people of the
Philippines.

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 a. Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization called La Liga
Filipina.

9. Return to the Philippines

a. He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the fate

of his North Borneo project since the governor general remained
silent on Jose Rizal’s petition.
b. Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and
returned to Manila.

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise I. Enumerate all the places where Dr. Jose Rizal visited. Indicate
his significant journey and achievement in this respective places where
he stays and develop his character as a person. Use the table below.

Places Significant Journey and Achievements

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Exercise II. Who among the Great Leaders / Scholars in the world you
wanted to meet? And Why? Give at least 5 of them. Use the table
below.

World Leaders / Scholars Relevant Questions / Concerns

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Exercise 3. How will you differentiate the beauty and characteristics of

Asian Nations from the European Nations.

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Motivation:

1. If you can have the opportunity to chose, where do you want to stay
during the last days of your life? Who were the people you want to be
with you? And, how will you spend this precious time with them?

2. What battle or fight in your life, where you will not hesitate to sacrifice
your life? For your dreams, family or country?

Unit IV: Rizal’s Last Days

H. The End Part of His Life

1. On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio,

Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano, and
other patriots. They met in Ilaya Street and formed the La Liga Filipina
(The Filipino League).
2. He took a train in Tutuban and visited Malolos, Bulacan; San
fernando, Pampanga; Tarlac; and Bacoor, Pampanga.
3. Handbills were found in Lucia’s pillows entitled Pobres Frailes. Jose
Rizal was ordered arrested by Despujol.
4. He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.

a. The prisoner was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carcinero,

the political military governor of Dapitan, an isolated Spanish
outpost in northern Mindanao.
b. One of the passenger was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
c. He won in a lottery with Captain Carnicero and Francisco
Equilor. He bought land in Talisay. He constructed his house, a clinic,
and a school.
d. He continued to correspond and sent various species of
plants, animals, and insects to other European scientists.
e. Animals species named after Jose Rizal:
- “Rhacophurus rizali, a frog”
- “Apogonia rizali, a beetle”
f. He constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao at the town
plaza with the help of Fr. Sanchez.
g. He helped in the livelihood of the people.
- He modeled an invention on a Belgian example of making
bricks.
- He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure they
have an income from buying and selling abaca and its
products.

h. Poems written while he was in Dapitan:

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 - “El Canto del Viajero”
- “A Ricardo Carnicero”

i. He did an operation on his mother’s eyes.

j. He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan so he could
prescribe these to his patients.
k. Mr. George Tauffer was brought to him in Dapitan with
Josephine Bracken.
l. Revolution broke out in Manila in 1896. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
arrived in Dapitan with a blind man, Raymundo Mata. Dr.
Valenzuela imparted to Jose Rizal the intents of the revolution.
m. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world events.
He suggested that Riza volunteer his services to the Spanish
government and join forces as a doctor in Cuba as a means to end
his exile.
n.
o. Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanc granted Jose Rizal’s request. On July
30, 1896, he was granted a safe conduct pass. Rizal returned to
Manila on board the steamer Espana.

I. His Last Trip to Europe

1. While on board the steamer Espana, awaiting another ship that

will transport him to Spain and eventually to Cuba, Philippine Revolution
broke out.
2. He was transferred to another ship and left for Spain.
3. He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea. He was
imprisoned in Barcelona, Spain and was immediately deported back to
Manila.
4. In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was tried on the
charges of sedition, rebellion, and illegal association.
5. He was found guilty and was sentenced to death through a firing
squad on December 30, 1896.

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1: Describe the Life of Dr. Jose Rizal in Dapitan.

____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
___

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Exercise 2. Compose your own reaction on this particular event.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3. As a Filipino, how will you also protect and defend your
country? Illustrate and discuss your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

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References:

Bayly (2019), The Evolution of Colonial Cultures: Nineteenth-Century Asia

- Oxford University Press

De Viana et al., (2018). Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot (A Study
of His Life and Times) Rex Printing Company, Quezon City

Zaide (2003). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings. Revised Millennium
Edition. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

Gregorio et al., (2012), Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writing of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. 2nd Edition: Published by All Nations
Publishing Inc.

Russell & Rodriguez (2018). The Hero of the Filipinos. The story of Jose
Rizal Poet, Patriot and Martyr. Routledge Revivals

Slawson (2018), Imperialism, Revolution and Industrialization in 19th

Century Europe. [Link]

Teodoro (1990), History of the Filipino. 8th Edition Quezon City: Garotech
Publishing
The Making of a Philippine National Hero; The Manila Times, 2015

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