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Frequency Determination via Sonometer

The experiment aims to determine the frequency of a tuning fork using a sonometer. A sonometer, tuning fork, weights, and pulley are used. The diameter of the wire is measured and the resonant length is recorded for different loads to calculate tension. The frequency is then calculated using the formula and found to be 249.2Hz on average. Precautions like using a uniform wire, frictionless pulley, and avoiding leaving the wire stretched are noted to minimize errors.

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Usman Ahmad Adeel
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2K views3 pages

Frequency Determination via Sonometer

The experiment aims to determine the frequency of a tuning fork using a sonometer. A sonometer, tuning fork, weights, and pulley are used. The diameter of the wire is measured and the resonant length is recorded for different loads to calculate tension. The frequency is then calculated using the formula and found to be 249.2Hz on average. Precautions like using a uniform wire, frictionless pulley, and avoiding leaving the wire stretched are noted to minimize errors.

Uploaded by

Usman Ahmad Adeel
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experiment No.

2
Object:To find the frequency of a given tuning fork with the help of a sonometer.
Apparatus used: A sonometer, a set of tuning forks of known frequency, 0.5 kg weight
hanger, some 0.5 kg slotted weights, Rubber pad, Paper rider.

Formula Used:

1
=
2
= Frequency of the tuning fork
T= Tension in the string
m= mass per unit length of the wire [ 2⍴/4]
d= diameter of the wire
⍴= density of the material of the wire
l= resonant length

Observations:
Pitch of the screw gauge (p) = 1 mm
Number of divisions over circular scale(n) = 100
Least count (p/n) = 0.01mm
Zero error = -(100-98) x0.01=-0.02 mm
Mean Zero Error =0.02 mm
Zero error correction=0.02 mm

Table for the measurement of diameter of the wire:

[Link]. Main Scale Reading ( a ) Circular Scale Reading (b) (mm) Observed Diameter
(mm) (d= a + b)
Division (n) Value mm
(n x L.C )
1. 0 39 0.39 0.39

2. 0 40 0.40 0.40

3. 0 39 0.39 0.39

4. 0 40 0.40 0.40

5. 0 40 0.40 0.40
Mean observed diameter = 0.40 mm
Corrected diameter = 0.40+ 0.02 = 0.42 mm

Table for the measurement of the frequency


[Link]. Load (m) Tension Resonating Resonating Mean Frequency
Kg (mg) N length for length for Resonating (ν)
increasing decreasing Length Hz
load (l1) load (l2)
L= (l1 + l2)/2

1. 0.5 4.9 13.5 13.8 13.6 247.6


2. 1.0 9.8 18.7 19.0 18.8 248.5
3. 1.5 14.7 22.7 22.6 22.4 248.3
4. 2.0 19.6 25.5 25.8 25.6 249.6
5. 2.5 24.5 28.0 28.0 28.0 252.1

Mean Frequency =249.2 Hz

Calculations :( show on the left side page)


Mass per unit length = 2⍴/4 = (3.14 x (0.42 x 10-3 x7.85 x 10 3 )/ 4
=1.08 x 10 3 kg m-1

1
=
2

.
= . .

= 247.6 Hz

Result:Mean frequency of tuning fork is found to be 249.2Hz.


Precautions and Sources of Error:
1. The wire used as a string should have uniform area of cross section.
2. The pulley should be frictionless so as to avoid any error in the observation of Tension.
3. After Completing the experiment weights should be removed from the hanger. Never leave
the wire in a stretched condition.
4. The edges of the wedges should not be sharp.

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