The momentary circuit rating of a circuit breaker is determined by calculating the initial peak value of the subtransient fault current, considering both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions due to DC offset. Calculate the subtransient fault current using subtransient reactances of the involved equipment and system configuration. Then, factor in the increase due to asymmetrical conditions, typically using a multiplying factor derived from the system's X/R ratio. This peak value represents the momentary rating, defining the maximum fault current the breaker can withstand momentarily without damage .

To calculate the total fault current and the fault current supplied by each generator, first assume the network's base values of 75 MVA and 11 kV on the LV side and 132 kV on the HV side. Use these base values to convert the system parameters into per-unit (p.u.) values. Identify the topology of the network and apply symmetrical components to determine the equivalent sequence networks for the system. With these networks, calculate the per-unit fault current at bus B, and then use the current divider rule across the system reactances to compute the contribution of each generator to the fault current .

Subtransient and transient reactances are crucial in determining the behavior of fault currents immediately after a short circuit occurs. Subtransient reactance (X'd') is associated with the initial surge of current due to both the machine's field and armature windings allowing some magnetic coupling. It is the lowest impedance offered during the fault and determines the initial fault current magnitude. Transient reactance (X'd) follows and represents the system's impedance as the machine stabilizes but before steady-state is reached. These reactances help calculate the initial fault currents and their subsequent decay to inform protective device settings such as circuit breakers .

To calculate the interrupting current for a breaker operating in four cycles, first obtain the subtransient fault current using specified reactances in per-unit. Assess the exponential decay of the DC component over time, considering the four-cycle duration (given as the interval). Use these parameters to compute the symmetrical current magnitude at the time of interruption. By evaluating the decay curve of the DC component, estimate the offset's contribution at the four-cycle mark to calculate the effective current the breaker interrupts .

When selecting base values for a power system, considerations include simplification of calculations, uniform basis across different voltage levels, and representation adequacy of equipment. Typically, an MVA base, along with a nominal voltage on one side becomes a standard, adjusting other side bases via turns ratio. This choice directly influences per-unit conversions and fault calculations consistency, ensuring accurate representation of components' performance and interaction under fault conditions .

Start by representing each generator's sub-transient reactance in per-unit based on a chosen MVA base, accounting for their ratings and reactances. Using the principle of superposition, calculate individual fault currents each generator contributes. Adjust for load division using the inverse of their reactances in p.u. terms, factoring the total system reactance. Multiply individual generator current shares by total fault current to resolve per generator contributions .

First, express the system impedances as per-unit (p.u.) values based on a common MVA base. Then, identify the subtransient reactance (X'd') of the motors and any contributing transformers to form the equivalent circuit. Use this circuit to calculate the total equivalent subtransient impedance seen from the fault location. The subtransient fault current can then be found by dividing the prefault voltage at the fault location by the total equivalent subtransient impedance .

The breaking time of a circuit breaker affects the current it must interrupt due to the presence of DC components within the fault current. Longer breaking times allow more decay of DC components within current, reducing asymmetrical current and potentially decreasing interruption requirements. The circuit breaker must withstand and interrupt the peak fault current inclusive of transient DC offset, which diminishes over time. Therefore, shorter breaking times might necessitate breaking higher asymmetrical currents .

To calculate the fault MVA for a fault on the HT side, begin by determining the equivalent reactance of each generator and the transformer in per-unit (p.u.) values based on a common base. For parallel generators, use their respective p.u. sub-transient reactances to find a combined equivalent reactance using parallel reactance formulae. Next, include the transformer's equivalent reactance transformed to the high-tension side. Solve for the total fault current using the HT side voltage divided by the total equivalent reactance, and convert this current into fault power (MVA) by multiplying by the system voltage at the HT side .

Calculate the subtransient current in a circuit breaker by first determining the system's subtransient reactance in per-unit terms using the specified reactances and MVA base. Consider the interconnectedness of the machines and transformers, implementing symmetrization principles. The calculation includes contributions of DC components affected by X/R ratios and system topology, influencing asymmetrical peak currents. Factors such as network configuration and transient reactance impact this current magnitude .