Computer Science

Supercomputers

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upercomputers are used for highly memory hierarchy is very carefully designed
calculation-intensive tasks such as to ensure the processor is kept fed with
problems involving quantum physics, data and instructions at all times — in fact,
weather forecasting, climate research, much of the performance difference
molecular modeling, physical simulations such between slower computers and
as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, supercomputers is due to the memory
simulation of the detonation of nuclear stations hierarchy. Their I/O systems tend to be
and research into designed to support high bandwidth, with
nuclear fission. latency less of an issue, because
Supercomputers were supercomputers are not used for
introduced in the transaction processing.
1960s and were
designed primarily by  Operating System.

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Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation ntil the early-to-mid-1980s,
(CDC). supercomputers usually
sacrificed instruction set
compatibility and code portability for
 Hardware and Software Design performance (processing and memory

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upercomputers using custom CPUs access speed). For the most part,
traditionally gained their speed supercomputers to this time (unlike high-
over conventional computers end mainframes) had vastly different
through the use of innovative designs that operating systems. The Cray-1 alone had
allow them to perform many tasks in at least six different proprietary OSs
parallel, as well as complex detail largely unknown to the general
engineering. They tend to be specialized for computing community.
certain types of computation, usually
numerical calculations, and perform poorly
at more general computing tasks. Their

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 Entertainment

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n today’s electronic era computers Today many vehicles manufactured use

have a hand in almost everything. special equipments in the car that controls

Entertainment is no exception, in fact various activities of the car. These cars

with the coming of digital information has have GPS receiver that reports your

made one of its vehicle’s location. Today many vehicles

greatest leaps. also include options such as screens with e-

Movies, games, mail and internet access, fax etc.

music, even books

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simple and easy as
n industry, computers are used to
it is have been impacted greatly by
control the manufacturing system and
computers. On the web we can view fine art
continuous running opf the machinery.
images in online museums and galleries.
These also help in monitoring temperature,
Some artists sell their works online and
pressure, check the quality and accuracy
others display them for our viewing
and measurement needed in the
pleasure.
manufacturing process. In industry, robots
are used to perform most of the activirties a

 Travelling smentioned above. A robot is an automatic

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omputer is also playing very performs mechanical tasks.
important role in travelling by car
or airplane and to arrive easily Types of Monitors
and safely at your destination.
 Plasma Displays

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n plasma display ,ionized gas is sand
witched between two glass plates .A
number of

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parallel plates run horizontally as well as

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vertical wire to cause the gas to glow at a RT stands for cathode ray tube.
spot at the intersection of the wires.A The front of the tube is the screen.
plasma screen uses simplified circuits. It can The back of the screen is coated
be seen from a wide angle at about 160 with phosphor (chemical material that
degree. glows when electric beam falls on it).The
screen is organized into a grid of tiny dots
of phosphor [Link] monitor contains
 LCD Displays electronic guns. The electronic gun shoots a

L
beam of electrons through a magnetic coil
CD stands for Liquid crystal
and moves back and forth across the back of
display. In LCDs ,a liquid
the screen.
crystalline material is sand
witched between two glass or plates. The
front plate is transparent and the back
plate is reflective. There is a coating of a
thin flim on a front plate. The coating is
transparent and conductive. It uses
Liquid crystal. While supplying
electricity, crystal

LCD
becomes transparent. They do not emit monitors
any kind of radiations and hence they do are gaining
not harm our eyes. . Picture quality is low
more
popularity
with very small viewing angle. Its cost is
over CRT
really high but occupies less space than of
monitors.
CRT.

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