September 08, 2021
Scholastic Triumphs
Ateneo de Manila
(1872 - 1877)
Chapter 4
September 08, 2021
Today's Agenda
1 Student of Manila
2 Rizal in Europe
September 08, 2021
4 months after the execution of Gum-Bur-Za and
with Doña Teodora still in prison
Jose was sent to Manila
He studies in the Ateneo Municipal
Spanish Jesuits supervised the school
Ateneo Municipal was a rival of the Dominican-
owned College of San Juan de Letran
In the year 1859 Ateneo Municipal was formerly by
the Escuela Pia (Charity School) established by the city
government.
In the Year 1768, the Jesuits were expelled from the
Philippines
The year 1859, Jesuits has returned to Manila
Same year Ateneo Municipal was changed into Ateneo
de Manila
1
Rizal Enters the 2 3
Ateneo
June 10, 1872 - Jose took the entrance examination at
the College of San Juan de Letran.
Father Magin Ferrando the college registrar at the
Ateneo Municipal
Manuel Xerez Burgos - nephew of Father Burgos
Jose uses "Rizal" as his surname instead of "Mercado"
He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on
Caraballo Street (25 minutes walk from Ateneo.)
Titay a spinster, the owner of the boarding house
Tital owed 300 pesos to Jose's family.
1
Jesuits System 2 3
of Education
Promotes physical culture, humanities, and scientific studies.
Offers vocational courses in agriculture, commerce,
mechanics, and surveying.
Religiously operate the school:
- mass every morning
- opens and closes classes with prayers
Students were divided into two groups:
-Roman Empire (Red) - Internos (boarders)
-Carthaginian Empire (Blue) - Externos (non-boarders)
1
Jesuits System 2 3
of Education
Each empire had its ranks:
- Best student - Emperor
- 2nd best - Tribune
-3rd best - Decurion
-4th best - Centurion
- 5th best - Standard bearer
Any student could challenge any officer in his “empire” to
answer questions on the day’s lesson.
Failure to answer correctly three (2) times, an officer could
lose his position.
1
Jesuits System 2 3
of Education
Both banners were used equally in the classroom:
-1st defeat- banner transferred to the left side of the room
- 2nd defeat - inferior position on the right side
-3rd defeat - inclined flag was placed on the left
-4th defeat - flag was reversed and returned to the right
- 5th defeat - reversed flag was placed on the left
- 6th defeat - banner was changed with a figure of a donkey
Uniform
- Hep-fabric trousers
- Striped cotto coat
Rizal's First Year in
Ateneo
(1872 - 1873)
June 1872 - Rizal's first day of class in Ateneo
Fr. Jose Bech - Rizal's first professor
Rizal was an externo and was assigned to Carthaginians
At the end of the month, he became an "Emperor"
He was the brightest pupil in the whole class
Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid three pesos
for extra Spanish lessons
Places second at the end of the year although his grades were
marked "Excellent"
September 08, 2021
1 2 3
Summer Vacation
(1873)
March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation
His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer
him up.
Visited his mother in prison in Santa Cruz without telling his
father
After vacation, he returned to Manila for his 2nd-year term
He boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 magallanes Street
Doña Pepay- a landlady, an old widow with a widowed daughter
and 4 sons.
Second Year in
Ateneo (1873- 1874)
He repented neglecting his studies in the previous year
He studied harder, once more he became an "emperor" after losing
his class leadership
he had new classmates from Biñan who had also been his
classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano
At the end of the school year, he received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal.
September 08, 2021
Prophecy of Mother's
Release
Rizal interpreted his mother's dream
After three months Doña Teodora was released from the prison
Teenage Interest
in Reading
Year 1874 - Rizal's Summer Vacation
1st favorite novel of Rizal "The Count of Monte Cristo" by
Alexandre Dumas
"Universal History by Cesar Cantu
"Travels in the Philippines" by Dr. Feodor Jagor
Third Year in Ateneo
(1874 - 1875)
June 1874 - Rizal returned to Ateneo for his junior year.
Rizal failed to win the medal in Spanish spoken
March 1875- Summer vacation
Fourth Year in Ateneo
(1875 - 1876)
June 16, 1875 - Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo
Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - a great educator and scholar
He inspired young Rizal to study harder and to write poetry
Rizal won five medals at the end of the school term,
March 1876 - Summer vacation
Last Year in Ateneo
(1876 - 1877)
June 1876 - Summer vacation
The pride of Jesuits
Rizal finished his last year at the Ateneo
Graduation with
Highest Honors
(1876 - 1877)
"Excellent" scholastic records from 1872 to 1877
March 23, 1877 - Commencement day
Received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors.
Extra-Curricular
Activities in Ateneo
An "emperor" inside the classroom and campus leader outside
Secretary of Marian Congregation
Member of Academy of Spanish literature and the Academy of
Natural Sciences
Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin
Saez
Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, a Filipino sculptor
Father Jose Villaclara, gives him an advice
Physical training with his Tiyo Miguel
Sculptural Works
in Ateneo
Rizal carved an image of The Virgin Mary
Father Lleonart requested to carve an image of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus
The image was placed at the door of student's dormitory
Anecdotes of Rizal
Felix M. Ramos - one of Rizal's contemporaries in Ateneo
Manuel Xerex Burgos - whose house Rizal boarded shortly before
he became an interno in Ateneo
Poems Written in
Ateneo
Mi Primera Inpiracion (My First Inspiration) - the first poem
Rizal wrote during his days in Ateneo
Poems Written in
Ateneo
In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics:
Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My town)
·Alainza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena educacion (Intimate
Alliance Between religion and Good Education)
·Por la educacion recibe luster la Patria (Through Education the
Country Receives Light)
El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y prision de Boadil (The
Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of lucena and the Imprisonment of
Boabdil)
La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes catolices en Granada (The
Triumphal entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada)
Poems Written in
Ateneo
In 1877, Rizal wrote poems on various topics:
El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Columbus)
Color y Juan II (Columbus and John II)
Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in
Great Misfortune)
Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A
Farewell Dialogue of the Students)
Dramatic Work in
Ateneo
Father Sanchez asks Rizal to write a drama based on the
prose story of St. Eustace the Martyr
!876, summer in Calamba
June 2, 1876 - Rizal finished the manuscript
First Romance of
Rizal
Rizal was only sixteen years old when he experienced his first
romance.
Segunda Katigbak a fourteen year old Batangueña from
Lipa
Rizal is a frustrated lover who cherishes nostalgic memories
of a lost love
Rizal in Europe
1882 - 1885
Course to Spain
Secret mission in Spain - to observe the life
and culture, languages and customs,
industries and commerce, and government
and laws of the European nations keenly
Departure for
Spain
Rizal's departure for Spain was kept secret
A letter of recommendation from Jesuits in Barcelona
He used Jose Mercado as his name
May 3, 1882 - Rizal departed on the board the Spanish
streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore
Singapore
May 3, 1882 - The journey to Singapore
Donato Lecha - befriended with Rizal
May 9, 1882 - Rizal docked at Singapore
To Colombo
May 11, 1882 - Rizal boarded the ship to Djemnah
May 17, 1882 - Djemnah reached point Galle
Colombo - the capital of Ceylon
Through Suez
Canal
From Colombo to the Cape Coast of Africa
Rizal calls Africa an "inhospitable land but famous"
Aden - the next stopover, hotter than Manila
Red Sea - terminal to Suez Canal
Ferdinand de Lasseps - build the Suez Canal
Naples and
Marseilles
June 11 - Rizal reached Naples
June 12 - streamer docked at the French harbor
Marseilles
Barcelona
June 15 - Rizal left Marseilles to proceed to Spain via train
June 16 - He was impressed by the city
Las Ramblas - famous street in Barcelona
Amor Patrio - First written an article on Spain by Rizal
Fall if 1882 - Rizal left Barcelona and proceeded to Madrid
Madrid
November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled in the Unibersidad Central de
Madrid
Medicine and Philosophy - two major courses Rizal took up
Sculpture - He studied in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
French, German, and English - he also took lessons under private
instructors
Madrid
Fencing and shooting - in the hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell
Don Pablo - the city mayor of Manila
Rizal had an love affair with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
First Visit to
Paris
June 1883 - Rizal left Madrid to visit Paris.
The beautiful scenery of Paris charmingly titillated Rizal
Rizal spend many hours at the museums
March 1883 - Rizal joined Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid.
November 15, 1890 - He was transferred to Lodge Solidaridad,
where he became a Master Mason
First Visit to
Paris
He was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient
de France.
When Rizal departed at Spain, things in Calamba turned from bad
to worse
November 20,21, and 22, 1884 - Rizal was involved in a student
demonstration.
Dr. Miguel Morayta - who proclaimed that "freedom of science and
the teacher."
First Visit to
Paris
June 21, 1884 - Rizal completed his medical course in Spain
- He conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by
the Unibersidad Central de Madrid
The next academic year - he passed the degree of Doctor of Medicine
Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with
excellent ratings.
Paris to Berlin
Rizal went to Germany for his specialization in ophthalmology
He hasn't forgotten his secret mission.
1885 - at the age of 24, he went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in
ophthalmology
Maximo Viola - a medical student and a member of a rich family in
Bulacan.
Paris to Berlin
November - Rizal lives in Paris.
Dr. Louis de Weckert - a leading French ophthalmologist
Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna, Felix Resurreccion and Felix - friends
of Rizal
Rizal acts as the Egyptian priest in Luna's painting "The Death of
Cleopatra."
At Heidelberg
February 1, 1886 - Rizal left Paris.
February 3, 1886 - He arrived at Heidelberg
Rizal was a member of a Chess player's Club
He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr.
Otto Becker.
He attended the lectures of doctor Becker and prof. Wilhelm Kuehne
April 22, 1886 - He wrote a poem about the beautiful flower at the
Neckar River
At Heidelberg
July 31, 1886 - Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Professor
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt - interested in Philippine languages
August 6, 1886 - Rizal sojourning Heidelberg
Leipzig and
Dresden
August 9, 1886 - Rizal left the city three days after the fifth
centenary of the University of the Heidelberg.
August 14, 1886 - He arrived at Leipzig on August 14, 1886
Professor Friedrich Ratzel - a famous historian
Dr. Hans Meyer - Herman anthropologist
Rizal translated Willian tell from German to Filipino
He also translated into Filipino Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales
Dresden
October 29, 1886 - Rizal left Leipzig to det course on Dresden
Dr. Adolph Meyer - the director of the Anthropological and
Ethnological Museum
Rizal stayed two days in the city.
Berlin
Dr. Feodor Jagor - Author of Travels in Philippines
Dr. Rudolf Virchow - a famous anthropologist
Dr. Hans Virchow - son of Dr. Virchow, a professor of Descriptive
Anatomy
Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger - German ophthalmologist
Rizal wrote a scholarly paper entitled Taglische Verkunst (Tagalog
Metrical Art)
Berlin
Rizal private lessons in the French language under Madame Lucie
Cerdole
On Calamba sugar market collapsed
Noli Me Tangere
published in Berlin
Noli Me Tangere was published with the help of Maximo Viola.
Berlin police paid a sudden visit to Rizal's boarding house
Rizal couldn't show any passport
March 21, 1887 - Noli Me Tangere came off the printing press
Grand Tour of
Europe
May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Berlin by Train
Dresden
Rizal was interested in Botany
They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
Rizal was impressed by the painting "Prometheus Bound."
They met Dr. Jagor
Blumentritt
and Leitmeritz
May 13, 1887 - Rizal and Viola arrived at Leitmeritz, Bohemia.
Rizal and Blumentritt met each other
Dr Carlos Czepelak - Renowned scientist of Europe
History City
of Prague
Rizal and Viola visited Prague.
Dr. Willkomm - a professor of natural history at the University of
Prague
Queen of the
Danube
May 20 - Rizal and viola arrived in Vienna
Norfenfals - greatest novelist in Europe during that time.
Lintz
May 24 - Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a riverboat
Passengers were using paper napkins during meals.
TO RHEINFALL, TO
SALZBURG, TO
MUNICH TO
NUREMBERG
Viola and Rizal were greatly impressed by the manufacture of dolls in
Nuremberg.
The Cathedral in Ulm was the largest and tallest in all Germany
Switzerland
June 2 to 3, 1887 - They stayed in Schaffhausen, Switzerland
Geneva
This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe
The people of Geneva were linguists, speaking French, German, and
Italian.
June 9, 1887 - Rizal's 26th birthday
June 23, 1887 - Rizal and Viola parted ways
Madrid
Exposition
Rizal received sad news from his friends in Madrid.
Italy
Rizal went to Italy
June 27, 1887 - he reached Rome
June 29th - Rizal visited the Vatican
He is prepared to return to the Philippines.
September 08, 2021
Thank you!
Have a great day ahead.