SỞ GD & ĐT TỈNH ĐẮK LẮK KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LỚP 10

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN DU MÔN THI: TIẾNG ANH

ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC Thời gian: 180 phút

Điểm bài thi Họ tên, chữ ký của cán bộ chấm thi Số phách

Bằng số: ………………………………1: ………………………………………………

Bằng chữ: …………………………… 2: ………………………………………………

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)

I. VOCABULARY: WORD CHOICE (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. He's so lazy! We all have to work harder because he's always _________ his duties.
A. evading B. shirking C. ducking D. dodging
2. It is far too easy to lay the blame _________on the shoulders of the management.
A. flatly B. willingly C. squarely D. perfectly
3. She remained very cool, calm and _________ throughout the entire crisis.
A. concerned B. co-operative C. collected D. constant
4. The charge of murder brought against Mr. Good was _________.
A. dispelled B. dispensed C. disapproved D. dismissed
5. The power plant can’t be built here, as diggers uncovered priceless _________ on the premises.
A. artistry B. artwork C. artefacts D. arts
6. Fortunately, her parents were ______ unaware of what was happening to her.
A. rapturously B. exultantly C. blissfully D. jubilantly
7. I’m afraid the results of the X-ray examination are quite _________.
A. undecided B. indecisive C. inconclusive D. irresolute
8. A lot of people who have had a ___________ deal in life will show surprising cheerfulness.
A. bad B. rough C. raw D. clean
9. The accused man was released on_________ pending the hearing of the case.
A. deposit B. bond C. deposition D. bail
10. The main cause of the strike was the management’s refusal to give further consideration to the
question of pay _________.
A. differences B. differentials C. subsides D. dissimilarities
Your answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. (5PTS)
1. A: “I’ll never finish this by five.”
B: “If _________, I’ll work overtime.”
A. is needed B. need to be C. needing D. need be
2. He finally managed to find a hotel, _________ a very expensive one, and they were both
relieved.
A. however B. but C. even though D. albeit =although

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3. However good Schoenberg _________ have been, I still find his modern music very difficult to
appreciate.
A. must B. may C. should D. would
4. It’s a horrible irony, but a bully has to know his victim well _________ effective; it’s almost
impossible to bully strangers.
A. if being B. to be C. in order to D. if they are
5. Motor vehicle collisions are _________ of death in infants and children.
A. primary reason B. frequently resulting C. often blamed D. a leading cause
6. The growth of two-income families in the United States _________ of people moving to a new
social class.
A. has resulted in millions B. resulting in millions
C. results of millions D. millions of results
7. Stars differ fundamentally from planets _________they are self-luminous whereas planets shine
by reflected light.
A. from which B. when C. and D. in that
8. - “Did you know Jim’s car broke down on the highway late at night?”
- “Unfortunately, that’s a situation anyone _________.”
A. might have to confront with B. might be confronted with
C. might be confronted D. might have been confronted
9. On his desk _________, which he usually sits in front of and looks at.
A. stood the picture of us B. it is the picture of us
C. standing the picture of us D. stands the picture of us
10. The scientists _________ the festival of Ramadan, but they were too busy with their research in
the laboratory.
A. would have liked to commemorate B. would have loved to have observed
C. would prefer to have obeyed D. would sooner have celebrated
Your answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. (5 PTS)
1. As it was getting late, the chairman suggested that any decision be held _________ until the next day.
A. up B. on C. out D. over
2. The bridge suddenly _________ and they fell into the yawning chasm beneath.
A. gave way B. gave out C. gave down D. gave in
3. The Chairman ruled the speaker’s question _________.
A. out of line B. out of tune C. out of order D. out of condition
4. When several companies showed interest in buying the film rights to his novel, he knew he had
__________.
A. upped the ante B. scooped the bag C. caught the fat one D. hit the jackpot
5. The government has come _________ fire for its decision to close the mines.
A. on B. under C. in D. to
6. You could tell that she wasn't happy about the news by the way she _________ her face in
disapproval.
A. came on B. brought round C. settled for D. screwed up
7. The prime minister _________ the severe criticism and refused to change his policies.
A. brushed against B. brushed down C. brushed aside D. brushed away
8. I had a lisp when I was younger and some of the other kids would _________ me at school.
A. pick on B. blame for C. rail at D. set for
9. If you were giving a talk, would you want your colleagues in the audience rooting _______ you?
A. on B. up C. for D. out
10. He mustered _________ enough to go to the horror film.
A. on B. up C. in D. together

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Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best word or phrase which best completes the following sentences. Write your
answer in the corresponding numbered boxes. (5PTS)
1. Anna’s friend knew the casting director, so she pulled a few _________ to arrange an audition.
A. ropes B. wires C. strings D. threads
2. _________ to interfere in your affairs but I would like to give you just one piece of advice.
A. It is far from clear B. Far from it for me
C. Far and wide for me D. Far be it from me
3. Politicians often promise to solve all a country’s problems _________.
A. thick and fast B. at a stroke C. on the whole D. of set purpose
4. The altitude _________ his breathing, making him a bit spaced out and disorientated.
A. played downed B. played havoc with C. played himself in D. played up to
5. The tournament isn’t over yet, not by a long _________.
A. talk B. chalk C. walk D. hawk
6. I associate public transport with one of the worst experiences of my life and the _________ of it
is that I will never catch a bus again.
A. hard and fast B. thick and thin C. long and short D. ups and downs
7. Jerry has been burning the midnight _________ over the last few days; his final exam is soon.
A. lamp B. light C. candle D. oil
8. I don't agree with his policies but I'm going to _________ them for now.
A. play along with B. play cat and mouse with
C. play havoc with D. play down
9. She seems to be angry with the whole world. She’s got a chip _________.
A. on her shoulder B. in her bonnet
C. under her hat D. between the ears
10. She was so ill that it was _________ whether she would live or not.
A. win or lose B. come and go C. touch and go D. on and off

Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

V. GUIDED CLOZE
Passage A: Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. (5PTS)

AIRCONDITIONING THE EARTH

The circulation of air in the atmosphere is (1) _________ by convection, the transference of
heat resulting from the fact that warm gases or fluids rise while cold gases or fluids sink. For
example, if one wall of a room is heated whilst the oppoiste wall is cooled, air will rise (2)
_________ the warm wall and flow across the (3) _________ to the cold wall before descending to
flow back across the floor to the warm wall again.
The real atmosphere, however, is like a very long room with a very low ceiling. The
distance from (4) _________ to pole is 10,000 km, while the “ceiling height” to the beginning
of the stratosphere is only about 10km. The air therefore splits up into a number of smaller
loops or (5) _________ cells. Between the equator and each pole there are three such cells and (6)
_________ these the circulation is mainly north-south.
The result of this (7) _________ is a flow of heat energy towards the poles and a levelling
out of the climate so that both equatorial and polar regions are habitable. The atmosphere generally
retains its state of equilibrium (8) _________ every north-going air current is counter-balanced by a
south-going one. In the same way depressions at lower levels in the troposphere are versa. The
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atmoshperic transference of heat is closely associated with the (9) _________ of moisture between
sea and continent and between different (10) _________. Moist air can transport much greater
quantities of energy than dry air.
1. A. activated B. generated C. created D. made
2. A. up B. against C. on D. above
3. A. ceiling B. floor C. roof D. room
4. A. altitude B. pole C. equator D. sphere
5. A. convection B. advection C. heat D. circulation
6. A. among B. upon C. during D. within
7. A. intervention B. movement C. process D. circulation
8. A. as B. if C. though D. unless
9. A. collection B. movement C. accumulation D. exchange
10. A. altitudes B. places C. areas D. latitudes
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Passage B: Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. Choose the
word that best fits each space to complete the text. (5PTS)

In many countries of Europe, there has been a steady drift (0) of people away from villages
to large cities. These people, many of whom have grown in great poverty and deprivation, hope to
improve their standard of (1) _________ and see the metropolis as the solution to all their problems.
In many ways, they find what they are looking for. Large cities do offer a huge number of facilities,
(2) _________ which better education, better health care and improved housing are perhaps the
most important. Large companies and factories, the vast (3) _________ of which pride themselves
on looking after the interests of their employees, also (4) _________ up any number of career
opportunities for those willing to work hard. Inevitably, however, there comes a time when people
begin to (5) _________ for the simplicity of the village or small town.
Traffic problems and pollution, both of which affect most large cities today, cause the most
unhappiness. For people to whom fresh air, unpolluted water and beautiful countryside are distant
(6) _________ nonetheless painful clear – memories of a previous, peaceful life in a village, the
situation must at times be (7) _________. The pressure of overpopulation has meant that, in the last
thirty or forty years, thousands (8) _________ thousands of new flats have been built, often with (9)
_________ regard to architectural beauty and the surrounding countryside has all but disappeared in
many cases. It is no longer such an easy matter to escape the noise and the (10) _________ of the
streets and find a field or a forest where the children can play in safety.
1. A. living B. earning C. existing D. surviving
2. A. in B. among C. on D. above
3. A. amount B. range C. majority D. number
4. A. open B. take C. sign D. turn
5. A. look B. long C. respect D. surf
6. A. yet B. or C. but D. and
7. A. unbearable B. bearable C. welcoming D. hostile
8. A. by B. upon C. at D. of
9. A. much B. little C. more D. less
10. A. disorder B. confusion C. turmoil D. danger

Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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VI. READING COMPREHENSION:
Reading passage 1: Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question (5PTS)

CLINICAL DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Clinical depression, or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is clinically defined as a period
of sadness or melancholia severe enough to interrupt the patterns of one's everyday life and tasting
for a period of several weeks or longer. Although there has been an awareness of clinical depression
for thousands of years, an understanding of its causes and effective means of treatment have only
come in the last fifty years.
Clinical depression is an extremely widespread illness, with an estimated 16% of the
population suffering from an episode of MDD at least once in their lifetime. Currently, clinical
depression is the second leading cause of disability in the United States behind heart disease.
Traditionally, females have reported higher rates of clinical depression than males, but this is
thought to be due to the greater stigmas against expressing one's feelings that are typical among
males in most cultures rather than to any true difference in the occurrence of MDD among the two
genders. Sufferers of clinical depression may exhibit an array of symptoms, some of the most
common being increased apathy*, disruptions in sleep and eating patterns, a withdrawal from
pleasurable activities, and suicidal ideation.
While not completely understood, clinical depression is known to have both environmental
and biological causes, and the most effective treatments involve a two-pronged approach of
medication and emotional therapy. The mean age for the onset of clinical depression is in the mid to
late twenties, and the pressure of fully transitioning to independent adult life is often counted as the
primary trigger mechanism. While specific bouts of clinical depression may be attributable to a
certain event or trauma in a person's life, neurochemistry, which is largely genetic, seems to
predispose some people to MDD, (A) Clinical depression has been linked in numerous studies with
imbalances in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that relay information between cells in the brain. (B)
Medication to treat clinical depression first became available in the 1950s, and today there
are two major classes of widely prescribed antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,
(SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). (C) Both classes of drugs
operate by limiting the absorption (reuptake) of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their levels in
the brain, but the SNRIs operate exclusively on serotonin, while the SNRIs effect norepinephrine as
well, making them slightly more effective. (D) Both classes of drugs take several weeks to build up
to effective levels in the bloodstream, and their effectiveness may be compromised by the use of
alcohol or other medications. For this reason they are carefully controlled by psychiatrists. Used
alone, these antidepressants have proven to be about as effective as counseling, with reductions of
depressive symptoms averaging about 55% and full remission at about 22%, but when used in
conjunction with counseling they often result in reduction and remission rates closer to 85% and
45% respectively. Furthermore, continued use of antidepressants after the conclusion of counseling
has been proven to greatly decrease the risk of relapse.
As effective as antidepressants have proven in treating clinical depression, they are not
without drawbacks and criticisms. Typically, the first few weeks of treatment are when a depressive
patient is at the greatest risk of suicide. There is some evidence that during this period,
antidepressants may actually contribute to this risk because they reduce mental lethargy, and a more
active mind may lead to increased suicidal ideation. Thus, it is critical that a patient be closely
watched during the first few weeks of an antidepressant regimen. A further criticism of
antidepressants is that they may have unpleasant sexual side-effects which may make them
unpalatable to patients, given the long duration of their intended use. A final criticism concerns
their role in the ever growing field of psycho-pharmacology. Antidepressants are by far the most
commonly prescribed of psychiatric drugs, and some mental health professionals worry that their
profusion is leading to an over-reliance on chemical solutions to emotional issues.
• apathy; an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
1. The passage discusses all of the following aspects of clinical depression EXCEPT _________.
A. its characteristic symptoms

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B. its official medical definition
C. methods of counseling used to treat it
D. available medications for treatment
2. The word ‘stigmas’ in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
A. cultures B. taboos C. preventions D. inabilities
3. According to paragraph 2, the actual rates of clinical depression are most likely _________.
A. much higher than they were in the past
B. quickly catching up with those of heart disease
C. about the same between men and women
D. impossible to accurately calculate
4. According to paragraph 3, the pressures of becoming an independent adult often _________.
A. precede the onset of clinical depression
B. are the root cause of clinical depression
C. are irrelevant to clinical depression
D. only serve to increase the symptoms of depression
5. The word “bouts” in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
A. symptoms B. diagnoses C. types D. episodes
6. Based on the information in paragraph 3, it can be inferred that clinical depression is
_________.
A. largely an untreatable condition B. often a hereditary condition
C. entirely chemical in nature D. often accompanied by mental problems
7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence
in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Both SNRls and SSRIs work by limiting the absorption of neurotransmitters to increase their
levels in the brain, but SNRIs are slightly more effective because they work on two
neurotransmitters.
B. Both classes of drugs stop the absorption of reuptake neurotransmitters and increase their levels
in the brain, but SNRIs are slightly more effective than SSRIs.
C. SNRls which limit the absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine are more effective than SSRIs,
which do not.
D. SSRIs and SMWs are slightly more effective when they limit the absorption of norepinephrine in
addition to serotonin, rather than just serotonin exclusively.
8. The word “compromised” in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
A. negotiated B. questioned C. altered D. endangered
9. In paragraph 4, why does the author discuss rates of reduction and remission in clinical depression?
A. To discuss the chances for full recovery for people who suffer from clinical depression
B. To suggest that medication is secondary in Importance to counseling in treating depression
C. To better demonstrate the efficacy of antidepressants when used with counseling
D. To illustrate the vast superiority of SNRIs to SSRIs in the treatment of clinical depression'
10. According to paragraph 5, why do some mental health workers oppose the overuse of
antidepressants?
A. They fear that their side effects are too poorly understood
B. They feel the benefits of antidepressants are overstated.
B. They know that antidepressants do not prevent the risk of relapse.
D. They fear that the reliance on antidepressants draws away from counseling.

Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Reading passage 2:
Read an article about the attraction of buying and renovating old houses and answer
questions 1 – 10.
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A. Years ago, glancing through the property pages of the newspaper one evening, I stumbled upon a
tiny photograph of a small ivy-clad stone house with a triangle of blue sea in the background. ‘For
sale by auction’ it said, ‘guide price: £80,000.’ Even if I’d been looking for a country house, and I
wasn’t, I’d hardly have opted for one in such a remote area, yet somehow that little image became
lodged in my mind. Next day, on a whim, I rang the selling agent. The house, I gleaned, gloried in
the name Desolate, was truly in the middle of nowhere and hadn’t been touched in half a century.
Intrigued, I immediately felt an urge to go and see it for myself. So, it was that the following
weekend, after an inordinately long drive down from London with the whole family in tow, I found
myself edging up the seemingly interminable farm track that led up to Desolate from the main road.
It turned out to be two little houses joined by a stone archway. On one side was a clapped out
electricity generator; on the other, a couple of dingy rooms downstairs and a couple more upstairs,
all with rotten windows and peeling, brown wallpaper. But from the sitting-room window was a
view of a garden gate opening onto a field with the sea cliffs beyond. On seeing that, I was smitten.
B. For more than 50 years, or so the story went, it had been home to a woman aviator called Miss
Darker whose wartime exploits had allegedly inspired Michael Ondaatje's novel, The English
Patient. In the film, she’s played by Kristin Scott Thomas and meets a nasty end in the North
African desert. The real-life Miss Darker returned home and spent the rest of her life as a recluse at
Desolate. All of this just added to my conviction: I just had to have her house. I didn’t care that my
children thought it the grottiest thing ever, pointing out that despite the view there was no access to
the sea, and it was miles to the nearest shop. My ears were closed to such details. I was in love and
would elope if need be. I spent the next two weeks gazing rapt at the photos I’d taken and counting
money.
C. On the day of the auction, I drove down with an old friend. I took her to see Desolate first,
showing it to her with anxious pride as I would show her a man I was marrying. Yes, she said. She
understood. The sale was being held in a quiet local town, but as we arrived I sensed my plan was
going awry. The car park was jammed with large 4x4s and the room itself was full of braying
Londoners: mostly women with expensively abundant hair, all looking strained and excited. I took
my place in the front row so I wouldn’t have to see the others crammed in behind me. The bidding
started at £50,000 and went up slowly. When it paused at £120,000, I was about to raise a shaking
hand, but it raced on up, far out of reach until Desolate eventually sold for the best part of half a
million. I couldn’t look at the man who’d bought it. I got into the car and wept. It was shameful for
an unsentimental, middle-aged woman to be brought so low by a heap of stone and a view. But I
was desolate over Desolate.
D. The memory of that thwarted love affair came back to me recently when a friend called to tell
me about a house she’d seen that was far too expensive for her and suited her in no way. I could
hear in her voice that it was pointless trying to talk sense into her. I started to wonder what it is
about these houses that can hold such allure for people that they sell for many times their value.
Internet message boards are testimony to the fact that it’s by no means an uncommon scenario.
Perhaps the real reason has little to do with bricks or mortar. You look at a view and you think:
‘This will make my life different.’ And of course, the houses we fall for most are those that need us
most – those where we can most easily make our mark and become part of their history. In the end,
we did buy a house; an ugly, cheap and practical one. But the sea is easily reached and through
repeated use I've grown fond of it. Yet in writing this article I’ve looked again at the photographs
took of Desolate all those years ago and my heart still aches, just a bit.
In which section does the writer
1. accept that the location of the house called Desolate left a lot to be desired?
2. admit to harboring some regrets about a missed opportunity?
3. attempt to rationalize her feelings about the house she wanted to buy?
4. draw an analogy to underline how seriously she took an idea?
5. pinpoint the moment when she decided to go for something?
6. mention feelings of curiosity arising out of a conversation?
7. recount the story of another person who experienced similar feelings to her own?
8. recall getting the first inkling that a dream wouldn’t be realized?
9. remember ignoring sensible misgivings about a plan?
10. suggest that her behavior on one occasion was out of character?

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Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B. WRITTEN TEST (70PTS)

I. CLOZE TEST (20PTS) Read the text and think of a word that best fits each gap. Use
ONLY ONE word in each gap.
OPEN CLOZE 1 (10 points)

NO LOGO
In the luxury goods market, the prominent logos once associated with lavish lifestyles may soon be
a thing of the (1) _________. Amongst all sorts of brands, there is a growing consensus that
anonymity is the (2) _________ to being recognized. In other (3) _________, we recognize the
brand (4) _________its quality and style even if the logo is (5) _________to be seen. (6)
_________ the example of one well-established luxury brand, known for the timeless elegance of
its handbags rather than for bringing (7) _________a new style every season. During the last
economic recession, despite the fact that the only logo is discreetly stamped inside, it seemed to
thrive. The explanation for this might of course (8) _________ in the fact that, facing tighter
budgets, customers wanted a bag that would (9) _________the test of time. But it could also be that
in a world devoid of logos, it is the product itself that accentuates personality. What’s more, the
bags still tapped (10) _________ a desire for admiration, albeit from informed insiders.

Your answers:
1. 2 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

OPEN CLOZE 2 (10PTS)

Vocational education has always been closely related to the character of a society, the importance it
(1) _________ to work and the social values respected by the (2) _________of its community. Its
primary goal is to teach the skills and a (3) _________ competence requisite for different types of
employment.

In the past, professions were inherited by descendants of families from the older generations. The
mastery accomplished by forefathers and passed (4) _________to their successors in vocations like
carpentry or weaving was incomparable to the relatively poor level of craftsmanship in the (5)
_________ of massive industrialization. In the 19th century traditional skills achieved (6)
__________ many years of rigorous apprenticeship were abandoned giving (7) _________ to the
factory system where experience-building training was applied directly on the job.

Consequently, the number of craftsmen performing high-skilled manual work began to decrease as
they were gradually (8) _________ by machinery and, finally, by perfectly precise computers.
This rapid computerization, however, has created a wide gap between those whose knowledge of
modern technologies is profound and those who still lag (9) _________. Given that computers and
their various uses are much more complicated than anvils or chisels, it definitely takes an equally
(10) _________ and elaborate training to educate good and productive workers nowadays.

Your answers:
1. 2 3. 4. 5.

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 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)

PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. In a _________manner, he stepped into the room and shouted at the top of his voice. (DOUBT)
2. You should not assess a situation from such a(n) _________ side. (LATERAL)
3. The homless woman pleaded for a shelter from the rain in a(n) _________tone. (PASSION)
4. The man reported than he had seen a(n) _________ object, which might well be a UFO. (EGG)
5. The coal cellar needs to be equipped with _________system in order to prevent suffocation.
(VENT)
6. The advent of the internet is an important _________ in human history. (MARK)
7. His face showed the remark of _________ even when we were talking seriously. ( FLIP)
8. His behaviour in his father's presence caused his _________ and his sister ended up inheriting the
whole family fortune. (INHERIT)
9. Moving _________ is moving in a direction opposite to the direction the hands of the clock
moves. (CLOCK)
10. Reta is studying animal _________ at the Oxford university. (GENOME)

Your answers:
1. 2 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

DOMINATE ASSUME DOMINATE STABLE ETHIC

IDEA BRACE REGARD PRESUME STRONG

The Chinese philosopher Confucius lived in the 6th century BC. He is thought to have lived a
rather (1) _________ life, working on farms and as a bookkeeper before becoming a teacher. His
legacy is a (2) _________ of sayings contained in a book called the Analects. His teaching (3)
_________ centres around the individual cultivating their own virtue and personal (4) _________. This
is achieved through devotion to the family and learning rules of proper behavior to (5)
_________ the individual (6) _________. With all members of society striving to follow these
rules, the (7) _________ is that society as a whole will function better and be less inclined to stray
toward excess.
Confucius believed in (8) _________ meritocracy, or the advancement of an individual based
on their skills, with wealth or family connections being completely (9) _________. The application of
this belief can be seen in university entrance exams, in which a person’s score is the (10) _________
means for securing their entry.
Your answers:
1. 2 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

III. ERROR CORRECTION: There are 10 errors in the following passage. Underline the
errors in the passage, supply the lines in which the errors are and correct them. (10PTS))

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 ALARMING RATE OF LOSS OF TROPICAL RAINFORESTS

Adults and children are frequently confronted against statements about the L1
alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to
which children might readily relate is the estimation that rainforests are being
destroyed at a rate equivalent with one thousand football fields every forty minutes
– about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequency and L5
often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about
rainforests – what and where they were, why they are important, what endangers
them – independent of any formal tuition. It is also impossible that some of these
ideas will be mistaken. Many studies have shown that children harbour
misconceptions about ‘pure’, curriculum science. These misconceptions do not L10
remain isolated but become incorporating into a multifaceted, but organised,
conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of them are
erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be
developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular medium. Sometimes this
information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be provided an opportunity L15
for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by
teachers and their peers.

Your answers:
1. 2 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: Rewrite the following sentences using the words
given. (20 PTS)
1. Her promotion to Sales Manager made her parents extremely happy. (CLOUD)
à Her parents wouldn’t _______________________________________to Sales Manager.
2. I finally managed to persuade Simon to tell me his big secret — he's getting married! (BEANS)
à I finally got Simon to ____________________________________________________his wedding.
3. That the prices of most goods are increasing forced people to spend less money. (BELT)
à People had to ____________________________________________________the increase in
the price of most goods.
4. The marketing manager suggested not appointing any new staff. (FREEZE)
à The marketing manager __________________________________________________of new staff.
5. Both parties prepared themselves to face a long legal battle. (BRACED)
à Both parties _________________________________________________a long legal battle.
6. You can use my car whenever you want. (DISPOSAL)
àThe car __________________________________________________ whenever you want it.
7. Since my wife left me, I am about to lose my mind. (WITS)
àSince my wife left me, ____________________________________________________
8. The Christmas break has made me feel more lively. (LEASE)
àThe Christmas break has __________________________________________________ life.
9. We’ll have to believe him, because we don’t know if he really took the money. BENEFIT
àWe’ll have to ____________________________________________________ because we
don’t know if he really took the money.
10. Tina might not agree with the idea. DOUBT
àIt’s _______________________________________________Tina will agree with the idea.
-THE END-

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