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Exponents and Logarithms Test Review

This document provides a review of exponents and logs with 10 practice questions covering various topics: 1) Population growth, finding population amounts after certain years given an initial population and growth rate. 2) Properties of logarithmic functions including evaluating log expressions and sketching inverse graphs. 3) Modeling an area affected by a forest fire using exponential growth and solving related equations. 4) Solving exact value exponential and logarithmic equations. 5) Population and number of doctors growth models over time, calculating related amounts and finding threshold years. 6) Determining time for a machine's value to depreciate below a threshold using an exponential model. 7) Solving a multi-step logarithmic equation

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Dingxiang LIN
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19 views3 pages

Exponents and Logarithms Test Review

This document provides a review of exponents and logs with 10 practice questions covering various topics: 1) Population growth, finding population amounts after certain years given an initial population and growth rate. 2) Properties of logarithmic functions including evaluating log expressions and sketching inverse graphs. 3) Modeling an area affected by a forest fire using exponential growth and solving related equations. 4) Solving exact value exponential and logarithmic equations. 5) Population and number of doctors growth models over time, calculating related amounts and finding threshold years. 6) Determining time for a machine's value to depreciate below a threshold using an exponential model. 7) Solving a multi-step logarithmic equation

Uploaded by

Dingxiang LIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exponents and Logs Test Review WITH Calculator

1. The population of a city at the end of 1972 was 250 000. The population increases by 1.3 per
year.

(a) Write down the population at the end of 1973.

(b) Find the population at the end of 2002.


(Total 6 marks)

2. Let f (x) = loga x, x  0.

(a) Write down the value of

(i) f (a);

(ii) f (1);

(iii) f (a4 ).
(3)

(b) The diagram below shows part of the graph of f.


y

1
f

–2 –1 0 1 2 x

–1

–2

On the same diagram, sketch the graph of f−1.


(3)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Maths SL 1
Exponents and Logs Test Review WITH Calculator

3. The area A km2 affected by a forest fire at time t hours is given by A = A0 ekt.
When t = 5, the area affected is 1 km2 and the rate of change of the area is 0.2 km2 h−1.

(a) Show that k = 0.2.


(4)

1
(b) Given that A0 = , find the value of t when 100 km2 are affected.
e
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

4. Find the exact value of x in each of the following equations.

(a) 5x+1 = 625

(b) loga (3x + 5) = 2


(Total 6 marks)

5. There were 1420 doctors working in a city on 1 January 1994. After n years the number of
doctors, D, working in the city is given by

D = 1420 + 100n.

(a) (i) How many doctors were there working in the city at the start of 2004?

(ii) In what year were there first more than 2000 doctors working in the city?
(3)

At the beginning of 1994 the city had a population of 1.2 million. After n years, the population,
P, of the city is given by

P = 1 200 000 (1.025)n.

(b) (i) Find the population P at the beginning of 2004.

(ii) Calculate the percentage growth in population between 1 January 1994 and 1
January 2004.

(iii) In what year will the population first become greater than 2 million?
(7)

(c) (i) What was the average number of people per doctor at the beginning of 1994?

(ii) After how many complete years will the number of people per doctor first fall
below 600?
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

IB Questionbank Maths SL 2
Exponents and Logs Test Review WITH Calculator

6. A machine was purchased for $10000. Its value V after t years is given by V =100000e−0.3t. The
machine must be replaced at the end of the year in which its value drops below $1500.
Determine in how many years the machine will need to be replaced.
(Total 6 marks)

1
7. Solve the equation log9 81 + log9 + log9 3 = log9 x. (Total 4 marks)
9

8. Each year for the past five years the population of a certain country has increased at a steady
rate of 2.7% per annum. The present population is 15.2 million.

(a) What was the population one year ago?

(b) What was the population five years ago? (Total 4 marks)

9. Initially a tank contains 10 000 litres of liquid. At the time t = 0 minutes a tap is opened, and
liquid then flows out of the tank. The volume of liquid, V litres, which remains in the tank after t
minutes is given by

V = 10 000 (0.933t).

(a) Find the value of V after 5 minutes.


(1)

(b) Find how long, to the nearest second, it takes for half of the initial amount of liquid to
flow out of the tank.
(3)

(c) The tank is regarded as effectively empty when 95% of the liquid has flowed out.
Show that it takes almost three-quarters of an hour for this to happen.
(3)

(d) (i) Find the value of 10 000 – V when t = 0.001 minutes.

(ii) Hence or otherwise, estimate the initial flow rate of the liquid.
Give your answer in litres per minute, correct to two significant figures.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

IB Questionbank Maths SL 3

Common questions

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Exponential functions model scenarios where rates of change are proportional to current size, suitable for consistent growth trends unimpacted by external limiters. These functions account for compounding effects over time, justifying usage in population studies where growth compounds continuously .

By applying the property logb(m) + logb(n) = logb(m*n), the equation simplifies to log9(81*9*3) = log9(x). Since 81=9^2, we can rewrite the left side as log9(9^2 * 9 * 3). Thus, x equals 9^2 * 9 * 3 = 2187 .

Analyzing the expression V = V0 * e^(-kt), critical points such as threshold values (e.g., below $1500) determine the timing. Solve for t(t ≥ 0) when replacement conditions match minimum value V(t).

Switching logarithm bases can combine terms using loga(b) = ln(b)/ln(a). It eases computation and comparison by converting logs to common natural forms, allowing simplifications like log9(81) + log9(9) + log9(3), processed via a shared ln conversion for simplification into a single base .

Apply P = P0 * e^(rt). For populations in different years, solve logarithmically as Pn = P * e^(-rn). Rewriting ln(Pn/P) = -rn helps find specific past populations, such as five years back, using ln transformations .

To find the past population, use the formula P0 = P / (1 + r)^n, where P is the current population, r the annual growth rate, and n the number of years back. This equation's inverse application allows calculation of population five years prior given current conditions .

To find the year the population first exceeds a certain number, use the formula P = P0 * e^(kt), where P0 is the initial population, k the growth rate, and t the time in years. Solve for t where P exceeds the desired population size by setting P = 2 million and solving for t .

Given A = A0 * e^(kt) and knowing A and its rate of change at a specific time, differentiate A with respect to t: dA/dt = k * A0 * e^(kt). Substituting known values and solving for k confirms the exponential growth constant. Exemplifying with A = 1 km^2 at t=5 and dA/dt = 0.2 km^2/h confirms k=0.2 .

To determine when the machine should be replaced, we use the formula for exponential decay, given by V(t) = V0 * e^(-kt), where V0 is the initial value and k the constant rate of depreciation. Setting V(t) = 1500, solving 10000 * e^(-0.3t) = 1500 provides the time t required for the value to drop below $1500 .

Considering the formula V = V0 * e^(-kt), where V is volume remaining, V0 initial volume, and k decay constant, calculate when 95% has flowed out: V = V0 * (1 - 0.95). Solving 10,000 * (0.933^t) = 500 allows determination of time, confirming approximately three-quarters an hour for effective emptiness .

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