Chapter 5

* Describe the picture in 1 minute using your own words.

Look at the list of qualities below. Which three qualities do you think are the most
important for managers in your industry?

ateam player loyal a risk taker

adaptable open to new
a sense of humor

Guessing Word Meaning in Context.

What do you usually do when you find unknown word in your reading?
a. Do you ask your friend/ teacher?
b. Do you look up to your dictionary?
c. Or do you guess it first?
The best strategy to handle your problem is guess the unknown word first.
Guessing unknown word can be very effective and efficient your time because it

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cannot disturb your reading then it also will sharpen your brain to handle every
difficult thing/ problem you faced.
How can you guess the unknown word if you have no idea about that strange
vocabulary?
- What you have to only read the surrounding words of your
unknown word. Sometimes, only read one sentence does not make
you get what does the word mean. You need read more than one
sentence if it necessary for you to get the word means. That step
really helps you to find the unknown word you want to solve.

Example 1:
Now, you have to guess unknown word through read only one sentence who
surround it.
What does gigantic mean?

Can you get what does gigantic mean? From the sentence we can learn that last
night Coldplay did a concert and it made the audience very satisfied. Thus, the
word of gigantic can be identified as a situation that very awe inspiring.

Example 2:

clear information. Now, we try to guess a word through read two sentences.
What does flawless mean?

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From two sentence above, we can get information that flawless is a term that really
consider about woman. Sentence 1 said that all makeup artist can change a

can get information that Kate Middleton always look very pretty in any occasion.
Thus, from the explanation above, we can get that a word of flawless means very
perfect.

Activity 1
1. What does temporary
a. The tattoo she made only for temporary.
b. The temporary local market is located in Elm Street while waited the new
local market ready to use.
2. What does forbidden
a. All students used the forbidden area. This made the headmaster angry
and punish them.
b. Alex had strictly forbidden her to ride alone there after the wild dog
problem.
3. What does terrify
a. That would terrify me personally, to be the center of attention from
someone like him.
b. That should terrify you, he replied.
4. What does ancient
o It is often said that ancient people had better memories than we
have today, which makes a great deal of sense to me.
o "It's ancient history," said another, guessing that it referred to a
former war.
5. What does wealthy

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 o I think he's wealthy... his house is beautiful.
o They wore tuxedos and ball gowns like wealthy celebrities
attending an exclusive Hollywood party.

Activity 2
1. What does gloomy
o We couldn't see very far ahead of us in the gloom of the evening.
o The mood in the room changed to gloom as the first election
results came in.
2. What does pouring
o You'd better take your umbrella with you; it's pouring outside.
o I had to ride my bike to school in the pouring rain, so I was
totally soaked by the time I got home.
3. What does brief
o The singer was on stage at the outdoor concert for only a brief
period before the rain started.
o She was able to give a brief description of what happened to
police.
4. What does desert
o The Sahara Desert comprises a total area equal to that of all of
Europe.
o Coast Saudi Arabia's largest desert is bigger than France,
Belgium and the Netherlands combined.
5. What does mourning
o She showered and left her room, mourning the loss of her last
good friend.

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 o He was buried in Greyfriars churchyard, Edinburgh; and his
death was the occasion of national mourning in Scotland.

Dialogue
An interview with Marjorie Scardino, Chief Executive of the media group
Pearson Place.
Interviewer : Marjorie Scardino, you are leading one of the top companies in the
UK, and you've been voted businesswoman of the year. What
qualities do you need to run a large company effectively?
Marjorie : Well, I think different companies probably require different
qualities, but for me there are only a few simple qualities that cut
across all requirements, and those are courage and imagination
and empathy. By empathy, I mean, having the ability to put
yourself in other people's positions and understand how they feel
about situations and ideas.
Interviewer : Which business leaders do you admire and why?
Marjorie : I think the best business leaders are probably ones we don't know

they're probably the ones who have great business ideas and have
see them through to fruition. So the business leaders I most admire
right now are those managers in Pearson who are achieving our
goals of double-digit earnings growth.
Interviewer : What do business leaders actually do?
Marjorie : My staff would probably say this was a really excellent question
they ask themselves every day! I think what they do is just what
I've said the business leaders I admire do. They create a business
idea, and they see it through.

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Interviewer : As a leader, how do you motivate your employees?
Marjorie : I'd like to think we motivate each other. I think my job is to make
sure the company has a purpose, because I think people like to
work for a company that has a reason for being, that they can
identify with and feel good about. I think that I have to
communicate well with them everything that's going on and
everything I'm trying to do in a clear way. And then in return I
think they inspire me to think more adventurously and to think
more carefully about how to stimulate them and how to build a
better business. So it's a sort of a circular operation.
Interviewer : Do you think leaders are born or made?
Marjorie : I think it's probably a bit of both. All human beings obviously are
born with certain qualities, and certain genetic traits. But I've seen
so many people in my life who have, using those basic qualities,
re-invented themselves several times as they've gone into new
situations. You know, you're a certain kind of person when you're
in school, and your friends know who you are, and you get slotted
in. And then as you grow up, you go into new situations and
become somebody else. So people who were never leaders in
school become the great business leaders of our time. So I would
have to say, mostly it's made, but you also have to use what you're
born with.

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Comprehension Questions
Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Tick the boxes.
NO STATEMENT T F
1 Courage, imagination, and empathy are the qualities that
business leaders need.
2 The best business leaders are the stars we read about in
the newspapers.
3 Marjorie admires the managers in Pearson who are
achieving their goals.
4 Business readers create a business idea, and they see it
through.
5 Marjorie thinks leaders are born.
6 People who were never leaders in school never become
the great business leaders.

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READING
The New Leadership

In the twenty-first century, managers looking to get ahead will need a

completely different set of skills. Technology, products, markets, and customers
are changing fast, and corporations will need managers that can handle
uncertainty. These leaders will also need the ability to work as part of a team,
have concerns for the needs of employees, and also have a sense of humor.
In order to survive, corporations will have to establish an increasing
number of partnerships with suppliers, distributors, and their most important
customers. Leaders will have to rely more than ever on their staff to act
independently to maintain these relationships.
As a result, they will also need to build a different kind of relationship
with the people who work for them: one based on trust, rather than seniority.
The best leaders will favor a team-based approach to management.
In addition, skilled employees will be more in demand, so they will be
freer to come and go as they please. Managers will have to make more of an effort
to attract new talent and to respond to the needs of their existing employees.
Listening skills and a desire to help people could well become important qualities

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in a successful manager. Also, increased globalization will require sensitivity to
other people's traditions and languages.
Adapted from: Stephanie Jones. 2010. BUSINESS BASICS I for the English Everywhere Language Research
Lab: English Everywhere.

Comprehension Questions

Match the beginnings of the sentences with the correct endings to create a
summary of the article above.

1. Managers will need to be able to a. Because they will depend on

handle uncertainty. them more.
2. They will need a different b. In order to respond to the needs
relationship with employees. of their staff.
3. They will need good listening c. Because the business world is
skills. changing very fast.
4. They will have to be sensitive to d. Because more business will be
other cultures. done with international partners.

Dialogue Vocabulary

Fruition : the achievement of something that has been aimed at and

worked for
Double-digit : the numbers between 10 and 99 Individual Work
Trait : an identifying feature or quality, especially one that
distinguishes someone's character
Slot in : to find time to see someone or do something between
various other arrangements that have already been made

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 Reading Vocabulary

Corporation: 1.a body of people acting jointly, eg for administration

or business purposes and who are recognized by law as acting as an
individual.

Vocabulary Exercise
Fill the gaps with the words above.
1. The project finally came to _______
2. The _______ may be charged with default on its contract with the
government.
3. Doctor John is busy this morning, but she might be able to _______ you in
around one o'clock.
4. Australia had 15 years of _______ inflation.
5. The study found that some alcoholics had clear personality _______ showing
up early in childhood.

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WRITING

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Formula of Present Continuous Tense:

S + to be + V-ing + Object/Complement

Examples:

I am teaching English.
You are walking in the yard.
She is watching TV.

The form of to be is not always am, but it is changed or depends on the subjects in

Predicate
Subject
To Be Verb I+ Ing
I Am
You
We Are
They Playing In the yard
He
She IS
It

Present Continuous Tense is used for:

1. Now

Use the Present Continuous with normal verbs to express the idea that something
is happening right now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that
something is not happening now.

Examples:

a. She is washing a car right now.

b. They are reading a book.
c. We are learning English.

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2. Longer Actions in Progress Now

century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are
in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might
not be doing it at this exact second.

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while having breakfast)

a. I am studying to become an entrepreneur.

b. I am reading business administration book.
c. I am not reading any books right now.

3. Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will
or will not happen in the near future.

Examples:

a. I am meeting my friend after college.

b. Our neighbors are coming to dinner tonight.
c. Next weekend I am spending my holidays in Bali.

4. Repetition and

the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the
meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the

Examples:

a. He is always coming late to class.

b. You are constantly annoying.
c.

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Affirmative

Subject Be Verb + Ing

I am
You/They/We are drawing
He/She/It is

Negative

Subject Be Verb + Ing

I am not
You/They/We are not drawing
He/She/It is not

Interrogative

Be Subject Verb + Ing

Am I
Are You/We/They drawing
Is He/She/It

Form of The Verbs

We add ing to the verb.
Examples:
Jump Jumping
Read Reading
Learn Learning
Verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant should have double consonant
before ing.
Examples:
Swim Swimming
Hop Hopping
Travel Travelling
Verbs ending in e should omit e before adding ing.
Make Making
Leave Leaving
Save Saving

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Activity 3

Change the word in the bracket into present continuous tense form.

Example: He (read) a newspaper.

He is reading a newspaper.

1. You (bring) an apple for her.

2. She (buy) fried chicken right now.
3. I (cook) a rice for them.
4. Rina and Hana (talk) in the bedroom.
5. My mother (watch) Indian movie.
6. My brother (washing) a car.
7. Jenny (travel) to London.
8. She (love) reading comic.
9. We (meet) in the café.
10. The cat (jump) from tree.

Activity 4

Change the affirmative sentence into negative and interrogative form, number
1 is already done for you.

1. I am going to the class.

(-) I am not going to the class.
(?) Am I going to the class?
2. She is opening the window right now.
(-)_____________________________
(?)_____________________________
3. They are taking a picture in the museum.
(-)_____________________________
(?)_____________________________
4. We are hiding from the thief.
(-)______________________________
(?)______________________________
5. The rabbit is eating carrot.
(-)______________________________
(?)______________________________

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SPEAKING
TELLING THE TIME

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There are several points that you should be familiar with about telling the time:
Past : lebih
To : kurang
Quarter : seperempat
Half : setengah
A.M : After Meridian (00.00-12.00)
P.M : Post Meridian (12.00-24.00)

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 Activity!
Possible Inquiries: Focus to your
What time is it? lecturer. He/she will
What time do you clean the room? give you a
What time does the plane depart? challenge of telling
What time does she go home?
the time!
What time will you have the interview?

Dialogue
Guest : Excuse me, could you tell me what time is it?
Staff : It is half past nine, Sir/Madam.
Guest : Thank you.
Staff
Guest : Do you know when the show will commence?
Staff : Oh, it will start at ten.
Guest s thirty minutes from now. I should be hurry.
Staff : Relax, Sir/Madam. We have enough time to prepare.

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