Chapter 8

READING
WHAT IS BUSINESS?

mean exactly? Traditionally, it simply means exchange or trade for things. This
happened thousands of years ago when people always felt the need to trade what
they had in excess of something they did not have. They did barter trade to satisfy
their need. As trading developed, precious metals such as gold and silver became
a medium of exchange to facilitate trading. Archeological excavation and cave
drawings showed that in the ancient cities of Carthage, Babylon, Egypt, and
China, traders sold wool, spices, hides, grains, and primitive products.
In modern time, the concept and the activities of busniness change. The
scope is wider. It comprises production, distribution, and sale of goods and
services for a profit. Production is the creation of service or the process of making
something more valuable. It also means bringing together materials, machinery
and workers to make goods. Production changes the value of materials by
changing their forms. The example of goods production is the conversion of iron
ore into metal car parts, while shipping, air freighting, postal,
telecommunication, utilities, real estate, banking, finance, insurance, hotels, and
restaurants are all the examples of service production.
Distribution refers to the movement of goods and services from the
producer to the consumer. It includes the movement of materials from the
suppliers to the beginning of the production line. It involves the storage and

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handling of these materials and the finished goods, packaging, inventory control
and transportation to the end users. An effective distribution system will
minimize the capital tied up in raw materials or unsold finished goods.
When the producer, finishes the two activities of business production
and distribution, the ultimate test of his success is the volume of sale the product
or service. This sale means the exchange of the product or service for money. If
the sale is weak, the producer is unable to make a profit and his business will not
survive long. Consequently, his business activity does not contribute to the
economic growth.
Tan Chwee Huat
MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS

Glossary:
economic growth (n) : pertumbuhan ekonomi
excavation (n) : penggalian
exchange (n) : pertukaran
finished goods (n) : barang-barang jadi
in excess of (adv) : lebih dari
packaging (n) : pengemasan
production line (n) : tahapan produksi
storage (n) : penyimpanan
supplier (n) : produsen
trade (n) : perdagangan
utillities (n) : fasilitas umum

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Activity 1
Answer the following questions based on the text.
1. What is the traditional meaning of business?
2. How did people thousands years ago do a business?
3. What was the function of gold or silver thousands of years ago?
4. How did Babylon people do a business?
5. it
to?
6. What This happened thousands of years ago when people
always felt the need to trade what they had in excess of something they did

7. What is the modern meaning of business?

8. What is the most important characteristic of business that did not exist
thousands of years ago?
9. If someone does a business in banking, what does he produce?
10. It also means bringing together materials, machinery and

11.
changing their
12. What kind of distribution is for a producer who cannot minimize the capital
tied up in raw materials?
13. What will happen if a producer can sell his service or goods well?
14. It involves the storage and handling of these materials and
the finished goods, packaging, inventory control and transfortation to the end

15.

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WRITING
Writing Future Plans
We use the simple future tense for actions that will happen in the future.
How we use it depends on how we view the events are going to happen. The
simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty.
Forming the simple future
The simple future tense is composed of two parts: will / shall + the
infinitive without to
Subject Will infinitive
Affirmative
I will go
I shall go
Negative
They will not see
They won't see
Interrogative
Will she ask?
Interrogative negative
Won't they try?

Contraction

I will = I'll
We will = we'll
You will = you'll
He will = he'll
She will = she'll
They will = they'll
Will not = won't
The form "it will" is not normally shortened.

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The simple future is used:

To predict a future event:

It will rain tomorrow.
With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
To express willingness: I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
Shall I open the window?
With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or
instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
With you, to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.
With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?

Note: In modern English will is preferred to shall. Shall is mainly used

with I and we to make an offer or suggestion, or to ask for advice (see examples
above). With the other persons (you, he, she, they) shall is only used in literary
or poetic situations, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She shall
have music wherever she goes."

Activity 2
Put the verbs in brackets into Simple Future Tense.

(write)

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Activity 3

Turn the following sentences into negative form

1. We will travel to the Mars. :____________________________

2. Bob will have lunch with me tomorrow. :____________________________

3. I will play football with you. :____________________________

4. Mr Green will work in a library. :____________________________

5. They will have a party next week. :____________________________

6. Sam will go to the disco tonight. :____________________________

8. The party will start at 7.30. :____________________________

Activity 4
Put the words into the correct order.

1. go out / will / you / tonight ?

2. Ben / tomorrow /go dancing / will ?

3. in June / get married / they / will .

cold .

5. by car / she / travel / will ?

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7. Gary / move / will / to New York .

8. London/ to/ go/ Joe / will/ when?

Activity 5
Write about your future plans after you graduate

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SPEAKING

Asking And Telling Plan

Planning for the Future

1. What will you do tomorrow? I'll help my mom with the

housework.

2. When will you sell the product? In the afternoon.

3. What will we do in class today? We'll play some word games.

4. Where will they put the table? They'll put it next to the window.

5. When will Yuli leave for New York? He'll leave right after dinner.

6. How will he get there? He'll take the bus.

Note: Another way of talking about the future is with the phrase "be going to" +
verb.
I am going to eat out tonight.
Mr. Surya is going to stay home. What are you going to do tomorrow?
Siti is going to visit her grandmother. How is he going to get there?
I'm going to walk through the forest. Please be careful!

Everybody owns a phone now, and in business, it is really necessary to know

how to greet people and leave them with a good and positive impression of
yourself and the company you work for. Many customers
interactions with you (and the company you work for) will be on the phone.
Make sure you leave them with a great first impression with the following
expressions when you want to meet with them again:

h you at your earliest convenience. When are

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After the person has agreed to the time, it is customary to confirm one last time
just to make sure the other person has really heard. If you are working in a place
or
just to be sure you have been understood:

Activity 6
1. Tell your partner or classmates what you are going to do this weekend.
2. Pretend you just won $5,000 in the lottery. Tell your classmates what
you will do with the money.
3. You need some help with a big picnic tomorrow. Ask for "volunteers."

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