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Indirect Speech Test 13

The teacher asked Tom to read the story. A woman is asking her neighbor if she has seen her daughter. Mary says that she cleans her room every day.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views5 pages

Indirect Speech Test 13

The teacher asked Tom to read the story. A woman is asking her neighbor if she has seen her daughter. Mary says that she cleans her room every day.

Uploaded by

Royal Er5
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Indirect Speech Exercises
  • Answer Key

TEST 13 Indirect speech

1. The teacher promised ___ . 10. “Don’t play in the street!”


A) that we can learn three English songs. A) My mother told me don’t play in the street.
B) if we learn three English songs. B) My mother said to play in the street.
C) we would learn three English songs. C) She asked me to play in the street.
D) whether we would learn three English songs. D) My mother told me not to play in the street.
E) who will learn three English songs. E) My mother said I should play in the street.

2. Bill: “Have you seen any interesting comedy lately, Nancy?” 11. Ann: “Is your sister good at English?”
Bill asked Nancy ___ . Ann asked me ___ .
A) if he will see an interesting film A) that my sister is good at English
B) if he saw an interesting comedy lately B) if my sister was good at English
C) what comedy Nancy saw lately C) whether my sister is good at English
D) if she had seen any interesting comedy lately D) my sister is good at English
E) if she would see an interesting comedy E)her sister was good at English
3. Nick: “Did you see a bird in the tree?” 12. Tom: “Don’t forget to bring my book, Ann”.
Nick wonders ___ in the tree. Tom asked Ann: ___ .
A) if I saw a bird. A) that she didn’t forget to bring his book
B) that I saw a bird. B) that she doesn’t bring his book
C) if I had seen a bird. C) not to forget to bring his book
D) whether I see a bird. D) not to forget to bring her book
E) if I have seen a bird. E) if she didn’t forget to bring the book
4. Dick to Lucy: Have you received my telegram ? 13. Mother: “We are going to have supper”.
Dick asked if ___ . Mother says ___ .
A) Lucy had received his telegram. A) they are going to have supper
B) Lucy has received his telegram B) they were going to have supper
C) Lucy would receive his telegram C) that they would have supper
D) Lucy will receive his telegram D) they won’t have supper
E) Lucy received his telegram E) they haven’t had supper yet
5. Ann: Write down my address. 14. Jack said: “I was at home yesterday.”
Ann asked me ___ . Jack said ___ .
A) he wrote down my address A) he was at home.
B) to write down her address B) Jack said he was at home the day before
C) he had written her address C) he will be at home.
D) she writes down her address D) he had been at home a week ago.
E) she wrote down his address E) he had been at home the day before.
6. He said, “I’m very busy today.” 15. “Do you go in for sports?”, he asked.
He said ___ . He asked ___ .
A) he had been very busy that day A) he went in for sports.
B) he is very busy today B) if I went in for sports.
C) he was very busy that day C) if I’ll go in for sports.
D) I’m very busy today D) I should go in for sports.
E) I had been very busy that day E) if I had gone in for sports.

7. Lena said, “Where have you been yesterday?” 16. “Will Tom help me?” she said.
Lena asked ___ . She asked ___ .
A) where she had been the day before. A) will Tom help her
B) where she had been yesterday. B) if Tom would help her
C) where she was the day before. C) whether he will help her
D) where she could be the day before. D) whether would he help her
E) where she hasn’t been before. E) that Tom would be helping her

8. He thought: “What am I going to do?” 17. Peter said, “Alice, are you busy now?”
He thought ___ . Peter asked Alice ___ .

A) what was he going to do A) she was busy.


B) what he was going to do B) if she was busy then.
C) what he is going to do C) she would be busy.
D) it he was going to do D) if she wasn’t busy then.
E) what is he going to do E) if she is busy.
18. My sister said: “I hope we shall go on an excursion to the lake”.
9. Mother asked me ___ . My sister said that ___ on an excursion to the lake”.
A) why I have spent all the money A) she hopes we will go
B) that I had spent all the money B) she didn’t hope that we shall go
C) if I had spent all the money C) she hoped they would go
D) when I spend all the money D) she hoped we were going
E) if I will spend all the money E) she hoped we can go

Book 1 Part C 142 Indirect speech


19. Jim and Julia have been in the restaurant for an hour and they 29. The director wondered ___ .
have not been served yet. Julia is angry. “You said ___ a good
A) if I know English.
place’’
B) If I knew English.
A) it is B) it has been C) he knows English.
C) it will be D) it was D) how I know English.
E) it can’t be E) who has known English.
20. “Did you work at a factory 3 years ago?” she asked her friend. 30. Mary says “I clean my room every day.”
She asked her friend if she ___ . Mary says that ___ .
A) worked at a factory 3 years ago. A) I clean her room every day.
B) had worked at a factory 3 years before. B) she cleans my room every day.
C) really worked at a factory 3 years before. C) she cleaned her room every day.
D) work at a factory. D) she cleans her room every day.
E) worked at a factory for 3 years. E) her room was cleaned every day.
21. She said she ___ her friend for ages. 31. - “Have you seen my daughter?” a woman is asking her neighbor.
A) didn’t B) hadn’t seen A woman is asking her neighbor ___ her daughter.
C) hasn’t seen D) doesn’t see A) has she seen
E) saw B) have I seen
C) if she has seen
22. He asked her “Did anybody call this morning?” D) if they have seen
He asked her ___ . E) have you seen
A) if anybody called this morning
B) if somebody had called that morning 32. He ___ me if I ___ a taxi yesterday.
C) if somebody called that morning A) will ask / takes
D) who called that morning B) ask / take
E) had called anybody that morning C) is asking / shall take
D) asked / had taken
23. Teacher: “Tom, read the story, please”. E) will ask / take
Teacher asked Tom ___ .
A) to read the story 33. She asked in surprise ___ .
B) read the story A) if he had really read all the books
C) that he reads it B) if this is what her mother buys her
D) whether he reads the story C) if the cafe is still open
E) it he read the story D) whether I have already read his article
E) did she caused much trouble
24. He said “I met him in 1950”.
He said ___ . 34. The doctor asked his nurse ___ .
A) I met him in 1950 A) when is she going to give the medicine to the
B) he had been met by him in 1950 B) if she would come in time the following day
C) he used to meet him in 1950 C) if the patient prepared for the operation
D) he had met him in 1950 D) if the tests are ready for applicants
E) he was meeting him in 1950 E) when the patient feels asleep tell me
25. Jane asked Bob: “What did you buy yesterday?” 35. They ___ us that they ___ from their families for more than a
Jane asked Bob what ___ . year.
A) he would buy the next day A) tell / were not hearing
B) he bought yesterday B) would be told / hear
C) he had bought the day before C) had told / don’t hear
D) he has just bought D) told / had not heard
E) his friend had already bought E) told / will be hearing
26. He said, “I do not want to see this film”. 36. Teachers always tell their pupils ___ .
He said that ___ .
A) not to cross street when the traffic light is red
A) he did not want to see that film. B) doesn’t cross the road on red traffic light
B) he doesn’t want to see a film. C) don’t ask many questions if they are not
C) he didn’t want to see this film. D) when they come to the lesson
D) he wanted to see that film. E) they helped their parents
E) not to see that film.
37. I wondered ___ .
27. He says “What do the pupils study?”
He asks ___ . A) if the train had come on time
B) had the train come on time
A) what do the pupils study. C) whether the train comes on time
B) what the pupils study. D) if the train will come on time
C) what the pupils studied. E) when the train is due to come
D) what the pupils have studied study.
E) whether the pupils study something. 38. She promised her friends she ___ and ___ them the next day.
28. My mother told me ___ . A) had come / had seen
B) will come / see
A) did not go there. B) that I can go there. C) would come / see
C) not to go there. D) not going there. D) comes / sees
E) let not go there. E) came / saw

Book 1 Part C 143 Indirect speech


39. “You must do what you are told”. 49. He has just said, “I want to speak to you”.
She said ___ . He has just said ___ .
A) that must do what I was told A) he wants to speak to me
B) what have to do what I was told B) he wanted to speak to me
C) what had to do what I was told C) I want to speak to her
D) that she must do what she was told D) he had wanted to speak to me
E) she had to do what she was told E) he will want to speak to me

40. The sergeant said that nothing ___ from the two boys since they 50. Mother told me “Don’t stay out long’’.
___ at the Victoria Station. Mother told me ___ .
A) was heard / saw A) did not stay out long
B) will be heard / were seen B) not to stay out long
C) had been heard / were seen C) that I mustn’t stay out long
D) had heard / saw D) I shouldn’t stay out long
E) would have heard / were seen E) stay out long

41. Nick whispered: “I know that the boys were angry with me”. 51. “Where did they spend the vacation?”
Nick whispered that ___ . Tom said ___ .
A) he knows that the boys were angry with me A) they came back.
B) he knew that the boys were angry with him B) they had spent it at the seaside.
C) he knows that the boys were angry with him C) they were young.
D) I know that the boys were angry with me D) they left for an hour.
E) he knew that the boys had been angry with him E) they have spent it at home.

42. Alice is told: “Clean your teeth twice a day!” 52. The secretary said to the visitor: “ When did you graduate from
Alice is told ___ the University?”
The secretary asked the visitor ___ .
A) clean her teeth twice a day
B) if she cleans her teeth twice a day A) when he graduates from the University.
C) clean your teeth twice a day B) when did he graduate from the University.
D) to clean her teeth twice a day C) when he had graduated from the University.
E) cleaned her teeth twice a day D) when did she graduate from the University.
E) he graduated from the University.
43. I am always asked ___ .
53. What will you do if Jack is out when you come?
A) why am I late B) are you late
She asked me ___ .
C) is he absent D) why was I present
E) if I am on duty A) what would I do if Jack was out when I came
B) what I will do if Jack is out when I come
44. Julia continued, “You said ___ good service.” C) what I would do if Jack was out when I came
D) what Jack would do if I was out when he came
A) you knew the owner and always got
E) what I will do if Jack was out when I came
B) you know the owner and have got
C) you know the owner and get
54. Jane said, “I shall help you.”
D) you know the owner and will get
Jane said ___ .
E) you know the owner and are going to get
A) she helped us B) she will help him
45. Julia continued, “You said ___ .” C) she helps us D) she would help us
E) she had helped us
A) you have been here before
B) you were here yesterday
55. The manager wondered ___ .
C) you will be here tomorrow
D) you are here now A) if the customers’ answer can be positive
E) you had been here before B) if the visitors are coming
C) whether the letters are being posted
46. He wanted to know ___ . D) if the paper has been typed
E) if the secretary had come
A) whether she knows him
B) if she knew him
56. I ___ I ___ her back.
C) that she knew him
D) what she knew him A) thought / would get B) thought / shall get
E) did she know him C) think / had got D) thinks / am get ting
E) doesn’t think / get
47. “When will you be there, Tom?” asked Dan.
Dan asked Tom ___ . 57. The father wondered ___ .
A) when you will be there A) what mark his daughter gets
B) when he will be there B) where the mother is
C) when he would be there C) how his son does at school
D) when his friend would be there D) if his daughter had passed her exams
E) when you would be there E) whether everybody is at home

48. He said to me: “I’ll come as soon as I can”. 58. The teacher asked her pupils ___ .
He told me that ___ .
A) where are their textbooks
A) he came as soon as he would be able B) where their textbooks are
B) he would come as soon as I could C) where their textbooks were
C) he comes as soon as he can D) be quiet, please, listen to me
D) he would come as soon as he could E) why they open the text books
E) I would come as soon as I could

Book 1 Part C 144 Indirect speech


59. I ___ my mother___ want to meet her new son-in-law for the 70. “Were you at the Zoo last night?” asks Jane.
first time in my presence. Jane asks ___ at the Zoo last night.
A) knows / will not B) had known / will not A) that I was B) if I was
C) knew / would not D) know / had not C) if I had been D) if I am
E) shall know / did not E) whether was I

60. The man said:” I have brought all my things “. 71. “Whose birthday is it?” said Jane.
The man said ___ . Jane asked whose birthday ___ .
A) I have brought all his things. A) it is B) it
B) that he had brought all his things. C) it was D) is it
C) he has brought all his things. E) it had been
D) they have brought all his things.
E) that he brought all his things. 72. “Where do you live?” the boy asked.
The boy wanted to know where ___ .
61. “Don’t make so much noise, Michael,” said Ellen.
A) do I live B) did I live
Ellen told Michael ___ so much noise.
C) I live D) I lived
A) to make B) not to make E) I had lived
C) do make D) don’t make
E) didn’t make 73. “Where did you live?” my boss asked.
My boss wanted to know where ___ .
62. A foreigner asked: “How do English people spend their Sundays?”
A) do I live B) did I live
A foreigner asked how ___ their Sundays.
C) I live D) I had lived
A) do English people spend E) I lived
B) did English people spend
C) English people spent 74. “I spoke to Jane last week,” she said.
D) English people spend She said ___ .
E) had English people spent
A) I spoke to Jane last week.
B) she had spoken to Jane last week.
63. The film director was asked ___ .
C) she had spoken to Jane a week before.
A) if he likes to play on grass D) I had spoken to Jane a week before.
B) which airline he works for E) she spoke to Jane a week before.
C) if he had ever won an Oscar
D) that he took part in the concert 75. “Don’t wait for me, Ann,” said Tom.
E) why he is nervous before the match Tom told Ann ___ .
A) to wait for him B) not to wait for him
64. The police officer asked us ___ .
C) didn’t wait for him D) don’t wait for him
A) are we going that way E) if she waited for him
B) where we were going
C) when did the tram stop 76. The manager asks the secretary ___ .
D) if could we stop at the traffic light
A) if Mr. Smith would be busy at little next day
E) whether we speak English
B) if Mr. Smith will be busy at 11 tomorrow
C) if Mr. Smith had been busy at 11
65. He said that ___ .
D) has Mr. Smith been busy by 11 today
A) his friend is learning English E) will Mr. Smith be busy at 11 tomorrow
B) our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow
C) they were going to the nearest post-office 77. He was sure that he ___ this time.
D) his car was stolen a few weeks ago
A) will fail B) wouldn’t fail
E) there is nothing to do
C) fails D) failed
E) will not fail
66. He said to her, “Don’t enter the room”.
He ordered her ___ the room.
78. “Can you open the door for me, my son?” asked an old woman.
A) not to enter B) to enter An old woman asked a young ___ the door for her.
C) didn’t enter D) doesn’t enter
A) can he open B) he opens
E) do not enter
C) does he open D) if he can open
E) to open
67. “How far do I have to walk?” she asked me.
She wanted to know how far ___ to walk.
79. She said, “I lost the key of my room.”
A) she had B) she has She said that ___ .
C) I have D) I had A) she had lost the key of her room
E) she will have B) she lost the key of my room
C)I had lost the key of my room
68. She told him that she ___ to see him the following DAY. D) I lose the key of my room
E) she lost the key of the room
A) will come B) come
C) came D) would come
80. I asked Nelly, “What are you looking for?”
E) comes
I asked Nelly what ___ looking for.
69. “Did you sleep well?” I asked him. A) are you B) she was
I asked him if ___ well. C) were you D) was she
E) she is
A) he sleeps B) he slept
C) he had slept D) you slept
E) you did sleep

Book 1 Part C 145 Indirect speech


Test 8: Modals (Page 124) Test 11: Infinitive - Gerund (Page 136)

1-C 2-A 3-A 4-A 5-A 6-A 7-A 8-A 1-A 2-B 3-B 4-C 5-E 6-A 7-D 8-D
9-D 10-A 11-A 12-E 13-A 14-E 15-C 16-D 9-A 10-B 11-C 12-C 13-B 14-A 15-D 16-A
17-D 18-E 19-D 20-E 21-A 22-E 23-A 24-C 17-C 18-A 19-C 20-A 21-D 22-C 23-A 24-A
25-B 26-E 27-B 28-D 29-C 30-B 31-A 32-A 25-C 26-B 27-C 28-A 29-C 30-A 31-A 32-B
33-A 34-C 35-B 36-D 37-C 38-D 39-B 40-A 33-D 34-D 35-C 36-E 37-B 38-D 39-B 40-A
41-D 42-E 43-B 44-C 45-E 46-C 47-A 48-B 41-E 42-B 43-E 44-C 45-C 46-A 47-C 48-B
49-D 50-C 51-B 52-D 53-D 54-A 55-B 56-E 49-B 50-A 51-E 52-D 53-A 54-A 55-B 56-A
57-C 58-D 59-B 60-B 61-B 62-C 63-A 64-C 57-B 58-C 59-C 60-D 61-C 62-C 63-E 64-D
65-D 66-E 67-E 68-A 69-B 70-A 71-A 72-E 65-B 66-A 67-C 68-B 69-C 70-D 71-B 72-B
73-A 74-C 75-E 76-C 77-C 78-E 79-D 80-E 73-A 74-E 75-A 76-B 77-C 78-C 79-B 80-A
81-D 82-B 83-E 84-E 85-E 86-C 87-A 88-D 81-D 82-C 83-D 84-D 85-D 86-A 87-D 88-D
89-C 90-C 91-D 92-E 93-C 94-D 95-D 96-B 89-B 90-C 91-B 92-D 93-E 94-A 95-D 96-C
97-B 98-B 99-B 100-C 101-C 102-C 103-E 104-C 97-E
105-A 106-B 107-E 108-B 109-C 110-C 111-E 112-B
113-A 114-C 115-C 116-B 117-A 118-C 119-B 120-C Test 12: Passive voice (Page 139)
121-A 122-B 123-D 124-E 125-E 126-B 127-C 128-E
1-B 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-E 6-E 7-A 8-D
129-D 130-B 131-C 132-D 133-B 134-D 135-D 136-D
9-B 10-B 11-D 12-C 13-E 14-C 15-D 16-C
137-C 138-B 139-A 140-D 141-D 142-B 143-B 144-C
17-B 18-D 19-C 20-D 21-A 22-C 23-C 24-B
145-B 146-C 147-D 148-C 149-D 150-A 151-C 152-C
25-C 26-B 27-C 28-B 29-C 30-D 31-B 32-D
153-D 154-D 155-E 156-E 157-B 158-D 159-D 160-C
33-C 34-E 35-E 36-C 37-C 38-B 39-D 40-D
161-D 162-D
41-C 42-B 43-B 44-B 45-A 46-D 47-C 48-D
49-A 50-C 51-D 52-C 53-A 54-B 55-E 56-D
Test 9: Conditionals (Page 129)
57-E 58-D 59-C 60-A 61-C 62-D 63-C 64-E
Type 1 65-C 66-B 67-E
1-E 2-D 3-E 4-D 5-E 6-A 7-C 8-A
9-B 10-C 11-E 12-D 13-B 14-C 15-C 16-A Test 13: Indirect speech (Page 142)
17-A 18-B 19-C 20-E 21-C 22-B 23-D 24-E
1-C 2-D 3-A 4-A 5-B 6-C 7-A 8-B
25-A 26-B 27-A 28-B 29-E 30-D 31-C 32-B
9-C 10-D 11-B 12-C 13-A 14-E 15-B 16-B
33-C 34-D 35-D 36-B 37-A
17-B 18-C 19-D 20-B 21-B 22-B 23-A 24-D
25-C 26-A 27-B 28-C 29-B 30-D 31-C 32-D
Type 2
33-A 34-B 35-D 36-A 37-A 38-C 39-E 40-C
1-B 2-C 3-A 4-B 5-D 6-E 7-C 8-D
41-E 42-D 43-E 44-A 45-E 46-B 47-C 48-D
9-B 10-D 11-A 12-E 13-D 14-B 15-B 16-B
49-B 50-B 51-B 52-C 53-C 54-D 55-E 56-A
17-D 18-D 19-A 20-C 21-A 22-C 23-C 24-E
57-D 58-C 59-C 60-B 61-B 62-C 63-C 64-B
25-D 26-C 27-D 28-C
65-C 66-A 67-A 68-D 69-C 70-B 71-C 72-D
73-D 74-C 75-B 76-B 77-B 78-E 79-A 80-B
Type 3
1-E 2-E 3-D 4-D 5-C 6-A 7-D 8-B
Test 14: When - While - Where - As soon as (Page 146)
9-C 10-A 11-C 12-D 13-B 14-C 15-D 16-B
17-A 18-D 1-C 2-C 3-A 4-D 5-A 6-A 7-C 8-B
9-B 10-C 11-C 12-C 13-C 14-E 15-B 16-C
Mixed 17-C 18-C 19-B 20-B 21-E 22-B 23-A 24-B
1-A 2-C 3-A 4-C 5-D 6-A 7-C 8-B 25-D 26-A 27-A 28-C 29-B 30-E 31-A 32-C
9-E 33-D 34-A 35-A 36-A 37-D 38-D 39-A 40-E
41-B 42-C 43-B 44-D 45-A 46-A 47-D 48-D
Test 10: Comparatives - Superlatives (Page 133) 49-D 50-D 51-B 52-C 53-A 54-A 55-D 56-B
57-B 58-B
1-C 2-C 3-E 4-C 5-B 6-D 7-C 8-E
9-C 10-C 11-E 12-B 13-A 14-B 15-C 16-B
Test 15: Questions tags (Page 148)
17-D 18-C 19-B 20-D 21-B 22-C 23-D 24-C
25-B 26-A 27-B 28-B 29-D 30-D 31-C 32-B 1-B 2-C 3-B 4-D 5-D 6-B 7-A 8-D
33-B 34-D 35-D 36-E 37-B 38-D 39-D 40-D 9-B 10-B 11-E 12-C 13-C 14-D 15-D 16-D
41-D 42-C 43-E 44-C 45-E 46-D 47-B 48-D 17-C 18-E 19-C 20-A 21-D 22-A
49-E 50-D 51-C 52-B 53-C 54-B 55-C 56-A
57-E 58-B 59-E 60-C 61-C 62-C 63-B 64-B Test 16: Additions to remarks (Page 149)
65-B 66-A 67-E 68-C 69-C 70-D 71-B 72-E 1-C 2-A 3-C 4-D 5-A 6-D 7-B 8-A
73-D 74-C 75-D 76-B 77-D 78-D 79-D 80-E 9-A 10-C 11-A 12-C 13-A 14-D 15-C 16-A
81-D 82-E 83-C 84-B 85-D 86-D 87-A 88-A 17-C 18-D 19-D 20-B 21-B 22-C 23-E 24-D
89-D 90-B 91-B 92-B 93-C 94-D 95-B 96-E 25-E 26-D 27-B 28-E 29-D 30-C 31-A 32-D
97-B 98-D 99-A 100-C 101-B 102-D 103-B 104-E 33-C 34-A 35-D 36-D 37-E 38-B 39-D 40-C
105-A 106-B 41-A 42-D 43-C

Answers 410 Book 1 - Part C

Common questions

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In indirect speech, the original structure of a direct sentence often undergoes transformation to convey the speaker's original message without direct quotation. For example, pronouns and tense usually change to fit the sentence context. The verb tense typically shifts back (e.g., present to past) except in certain cases like universal truths. For example, Ellen's command "Don't make so much noise" to Michael in direct speech becomes Ellen told Michael not to make so much noise in indirect speech . Additionally, question forms in direct speech are turned into statements with a change in word order and auxiliary verbs are often used, such as 'asked if' instead of 'asked.'

Indirect speech transformation serves as a cognitive tool for enhancing language comprehension by encouraging learners to actively engage with and process syntax, tense, and contextual implications. It develops skills to understand nuanced meanings and adapt them into different speech forms, fostering deeper linguistic awareness. Moreover, it challenges learners to accommodate different perspectives by adjusting the point of view and narrative style. For example, when learners transform "What are you looking for?" into "I asked Nelly what she was looking for," their understanding of temporal context, pronoun use, and interrogative forms in language is broadened .

Understanding reported speech enhances linguistic competency by developing the ability to interpret, reconstruct, and convey complex communications while maintaining the original intent and meaning. This involves mastering syntactic variations, tense shifts, time expression changes, and pronoun adjustments, all integral to expressing nuanced meanings accurately. Furthermore, it fosters a deeper awareness of discourse pragmatics and narrative coherence. For instance, transforming "Jane asked whose birthday it was" from "Whose birthday is it?" involves reconfiguring the direct inquiry into a form that fits the indirect narrative, enhancing communication skills .

Pronoun adjustments in indirect speech are crucial for accurately conveying the referential content from the original speech. They help maintain clarity by ensuring that listeners understand to whom a pronoun refers in the new context. For instance, pronouns change based on the subject of the reporting verb, such as in "The man said that he had brought all his things" from "I have brought all my things," where 'I' becomes 'he' and 'my' changes to 'his' . These adjustments ensure the speech remains comprehensible and correctly linked to the appropriate subjects or objects in the narrative.

Interpreting indirect speech requires the reader to actively engage in cognitive processes that include decoding the changes in verb tense, pronouns, and sometimes the removal of personal emotional connotations present in direct speech. Direct speech allows readers to perceive the immediacy and the specific tone of the communication, while indirect speech involves processing the transformed linguistic elements for coherence in narrative context. An example is when 'Tom told Ann not to wait for him' requires understanding a prior directive, "Don't wait for me, Ann," where immediacy is lost, requiring cognitive transformation .

Conditional statements in indirect speech introduce complexities primarily in tense and mood adjustment to accurately reflect hypothetical scenarios or conditions related to the past, present, or future. For example, a direct conditional query such as "What will you do if Jack is out when you come?" might convert to indirect speech as "She asked me what I would do if Jack was out when I came," shifting the future possibility to a past hypothetical scenario using 'would' and 'was' . These changes ensure the conditionality remains clear and contextually appropriate in reported speech.

Feedback in indirect speech is effectively synthesized by ensuring that the transformation maintains the original speaker's intent and contextual meaning without direct quotes. This involves careful attention to changes in tense, pronouns, and time expressions. Effective synthesis also considers alignment with cultural and situational context, which influences interpretation. For example, in indirect speech, "Mother told me not to stay out long" from "Don’t stay out long," demonstrates synthesis by preserving intent and context despite transformation . This requires evaluating whether the indirect speech conveys the same command authority and temporal immediacy as the direct speech.

When transforming questions from direct to indirect speech, the tense of the verbs is usually shifted back, provided the reporting verb is in the past. For example, a secretary asking "When did you graduate from the University?" in direct speech becomes "The secretary asked when he had graduated from the University" in indirect speech, where 'did graduate' is changed to 'had graduated' . This demonstrates how tense agreement aligns the verb tense of the indirect speech with the reporting verb.

Transitioning from active to passive voice in speech affects meaning by shifting the focus from the doer of an action to the action or the recipient of it. This can highlight different aspects of a statement depending on the narrative intent. For instance, "Her room was cleaned every day" places the emphasis on the activity itself rather than who performed it, which might be crucial in contexts focusing on results or states rather than agents . Such modifications can affect how information is perceived and what aspects of an event are foregrounded.

In indirect speech, time expressions are often adjusted to reflect the temporal relation at the time of reporting rather than at the time of the original speech. Temporal markers such as 'now' become 'then,' 'today' becomes 'that day,' and 'tomorrow' may be adjusted to 'the next day'. This adjustment ensures the reported speech's chronological accuracy within its new narrative context. For example, "She told him that she would come to see him the following day" illustrates the change from 'next day' to 'following day' reflecting a shift so that the time aligns with when the indirect statement is communicated .

142
1.
The teacher promised ___ .
A) that we can learn three English songs.
B) if we learn three English songs.
C) we would l
143
19. Jim and Julia have been in the restaurant for an hour and they
have not been served yet. Julia is angry. “You said __
144
39. “You must do what you are told”.
She said ___ .
A) that must do what I was told
B) what have to do what I was told
C)
145
59. I ___ my mother___ want to meet her new son-in-law for the
first time in my presence.
A) knows / will not
B) had know
410
Test 8: Modals  (Page 124)
1-C
2-A
3-A
4-A
5-A
6-A
7-A
8-A
9-D
10-A
11-A
12-E
13-A
14-E
15-C
16-D
17-D
18-E
19-D
20-E
21-

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