Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section

EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings

Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

I. INPUT DATA
I.1. Actions
Axial Forces (kN) Bending Moments (kNm)
Total design load: NEd = 1800 Location My,Ed Mz,Ed
Permanent load: NG,Ed = 1200 Top: 380 50
Shear Forces Vy,Ed = 7.1 Middle: 190 25
Vz,Ed = 54.3 Bottom: 0 0
I.2. Buckling length
Length (m): L= 7
Buckling Load Factor Effective Length (m)
y-y axis: Ky = 1.0 y-y axis: Ley = KyL = 7.0
z-z axis: Kz = 1.0 z-z axis: Lez = KzL = 7.0
I.3. Properties of materials
Concrete (N/mm2) Structural Steel (N/mm2)
Strength class: C25/30
C25/30 (B30)
(B30 Steel grade: S355 S355
Compressive strengh: fck = 25 Yield strength: fy = 355
Elastic modulus: Ecm = 30500 Elastic modulus: Ea = 210000
Partial safety factor: gc = 1.5 Partial safety factor: gM = 1
2
Reinforcement Bar (N, mm ) Creep Coefficient
Steel grade: CB300-V
CB300-V Age at loading: t0 = 30 days
Yield strength: fsk = 300 The moment considered: t = 100 years
Elastic modulus: Es = 210000 Relative humidity: RH = 50%
Partial safety factor: gs = 1.15 Creep coefficient: jt = j( t, t0) = 2.64 EN 1992
I.4. Geometrical properties of the cross-section
Concrete Section (cm) Longitudinal Reinforcement (cm)
Width: bc = 40 Diameter: Ø= 1.6
Depth: hc = 40 Total numbers: n= 4
Cross-sectional area: Ac = 1478.5 Cross-sectional area: As = 8.0
Axis I (cm4) Wel (cm3) Wpl (cm3) Axis I (cm4) Wel (cm3) Wpl (cm3)
y-y 196791.6 - 14637.4 y-y 2190.9 - 132.7
z-z 206014.3 - 15270.2 z-z 2190.9 - 132.7
Steel Section
Dimension h (cm) b (cm) tw (cm) tf (cm) z
26 26 1 1.75
Axis Aa (cm2) I (cm4) Wel (cm3) Wpl (cm3)
H260x260x10x17.5

y-y 113.5 14350.9 1103.9 1229.9

z-z 113.5 5128.2 394.5 597.1 y
Thickness of Concrete Cover
Along the y-direction: cy = 70.0 mm
Along the z-direction: cz = 70.0 mm

Cross-section
 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

II. CALCULATION
Design method: Simplified method of design
A simplified method is limited to member:
- Doubly symmetrical
- Uniform cross section over the member length
II.1. Conditions apply of the simplified method
#1. Steel contribution ratio #2. Local buckling
0.2 < d = 0.64 < 0.9 cy = 70 > 43.3
=> Statisfied => Local bucking can be neglected
#3. Relative slenderness
___
#4. Check thickness of concrete cover
y-y axis:  y  0.88 <2 cy = 70 < 0.4b
___
z-z axis:  z  1.13 <2 cz = 70 < 0.3h
=> Statisfied => Statisfied
#5. Longitudinal rebar contribution ratio #6. The depth-to-width ratio of the composite
0.3% < rs = 0.54% < 6% 0.2 < hc / bc = 1.0 <5
=> Statisfied => Statisfied
II.2. Resistance of members in axial compression
Plastic resistance of the composite cross-section: Npl,Rd = 6333.5 kN (6.30)
The characteristic value of the plastic resistance to compression: Npl,Rk = 7412.2 kN
Effective modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ec,eff = 1106.1 kN/cm2 (6.41)
Effective flexural stiffness of the cross-section: (EI)eff,y = 4.78E+08 kNcm2 (6.40)
2
(EI)eff,z = 2.90E+08 kNcm (6.40)
Elastic critical force: Ncr,y = 9627.6 kN
N___
cr,z = 5849.8 kN
Relative slenderness: y  0.88 EN 1993
___
z  1.13 EN 1993
Imperfection factor: y-y axis (buckling curve: b): ay = 0.34 EN 1993
z-z axis (buckling curve: c): az = 0.49 EN 1993
Reduction factor: y-y axis: Fy = 1.00 => cy = 0.68 EN 1993
z-z axis: Fz = 1.36 => cz = 0.47 EN 1993
Checking: NEd / [min(cy, cz).Npl,Rd] = 0.60 <1 (6.44)
=> Axial compression is statisfied
II.3. Resistance of members in combined compression and uniaxial bending
1. Resistance of the cross-section in combined compression and bending
Typical points on the interaction curve:
y-y axis z-z axis
Point N (kN) M (kNm) Point N (kN) M (kNm)
A 6333.5 0.0 A 6333.5 0.0
C 2094.5 531.5 C 2094.5 351.6
D 1047.2 574.9 D 1047.2 354.8
B 0.0 531.5 B 0.0 351.6

Npl,Rd = NA = 6333.5 kN Npl,Rd = NA = 6333.5 kN

Mmax,y,Rd = MD = 574.9 kNm Mmax,y,Rd = MD = 354.8 kNm
 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

The interaction polygon ACDB is shown in figure.

7000
A
(N - My) Interaction polygon

6000

5000
Npl,Rd (kN)

4000
My,N,Rd = 544
3000
C
2000
NEd = 1800 D
1000 My,Ed = 461
B
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Mpl,y,Rd (kNm)

7000
A
6000
(N - Mz) Interaction polygon

5000
Npl,Rd (kN)

4000 Mz,N,Rd = 353

3000 Mz,Ed = 186

C
2000
NEd = 1800 D
1000
B
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Mpl,z,Rd (kNm)

1.2

1.0 mdy = 1.023

mdz = 1.002 uy
0.8 uz
NEd/Npl,Rd

0.6

0.4 1.023

0.2 1.002

0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
MEd/Mpl,Rd
 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

2. Member imperfections
Member imperfections: e0,z = 3.50 cm e0,y = 4.67 cm Table 6.5
Moment due to imperfections: My,Ed,imp = 63.0 kNm Mz,Ed,imp = 84.0 kNm
3. Second-order effects
Effective flexural stiffness of the cross-section: (EI)eff,y,II = 4.11E+08 kNcm2 (6.42)
(EI)eff,z,II = 2.41E+08 kNcm2 (6.42)
Elastic critical force: Ncr,y,eff = 8270.2 kN
Ncr,z,eff = 4851.7 kN
Ratio between the elastic critical load and the corresponding applied loading acr:
y-y axis: acr,y = 4.59 < 10 => Second-order effects must be considered (5.1)
z-z axis: acr,z = 2.70 < 10 => Second-order effects must be considered (5.1)
Ratio of the end moments: ry,II = 0.00 rz,II = 0.00
Equivalent moment factor: by,II = 0.66 bz,II = 0.66 Table 6.4
by,imp,II = 1.00 bz,imp,II = 1.00 Table 6.4
Values of factor: ky,II = 1.00 kz,II = 1.05 (6.43)
ky,imp,II = 1.28 kz,imp,II = 1.59 (6.43)
4. Design bending moment
First-order Second-order
Location My,Ed Mz,Ed My,Ed,imp Mz,Ed,imp My,Ed,II Mz,Ed,II My,Ed,imp,II Mz,Ed,imp,II
Top: 380.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 250.8 33.0 0.0 0.0
Middle: 190.0 25.0 63.0 84.0 380.0 52.5 80.5 133.5
Bottom: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250.8 33.0 0.0 0.0

My,Ed,imp,II Mz,Ed,imp,II
Mz,Ed
Mz,Ed,II
My,Ed
My,Ed,imp Mz,Ed,imp

My,Ed,II

My,Ed, My,Ed,II Mz,Ed, Mz,Ed,II My,Ed,imp, My,Ed,imp,II Mz,Ed,imp, Mz,Ed,imp,II

250.8 33.0
Design bending moment:
Location My,Ed Mz,Ed
Top: 250.8 33.0
Middle: 460.5 186.0 460.5
186.0
Bottom: 250.8 33.0
Maximum 460.5 186.0
250.8 33.0

My,Ed Mz,Ed
 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

II.4. Check of the resistance of the member

1. Combined compression and uniaxial bending
Design bending moment: My,Ed = 460.5 kNm Mz,Ed = 186.0 kNm
Plastic resistance moment: Mpl,y,Rd = 531.5 kNm Mpl,z,Rd = 351.6 kNm
mdy = 1.023 mdz = 1.002
aM,y = 0.9 aM,z = 0.9
Checking for bending about the y-y axis: My,Ed / (aM,[Link],y,Rd) = 0.94 <1 (6.45)
=> The condition is statisfied
Checking for bending about the z-z axis: Mz,Ed / (aM,[Link],z,Rd) = 0.59 <1 (6.45)
=> The condition is statisfied
2. Combined compression and biaxial bending
Note: Imperfections should be considered only in the plane which failure is expected to occur. [Link](2)
# Case 1: Failure about the y-y axis is assumed (Neglect imperfections about the z-z axis)
Design bending moment: My,Ed = 460.5 kNm Mz,Ed = 52.5 kNm
Plastic resistance moment: Mpl,y,Rd = 531.5 kNm Mpl,z,Rd = 351.6 kNm
mdy = 1.023 mdz = 1.002
aM,y = 0.9 aM,z = 0.9
Checking for bending about the y-y axis: My,Ed / (aM,[Link],y,Rd) = 0.94 <1 (6.46)
=> The condition is statisfied
Checking for bending about the z-z axis: Mz,Ed / (aM,[Link],z,Rd) = 0.17 <1 (6.46)
=> The condition is statisfied
Checking combined compression and biaxial bending (N - My - Mz):
My,Ed / ([Link],y,Rd) + Mz,Ed / ([Link],z,Rd) = 1.00 <1 (6.47)
=> The condition is statisfied
# Case 2: Failure about the z-z axis is assumed (Neglect imperfections about the y-y axis)
Design bending moment: My,Ed = 380.0 kNm Mz,Ed = 186.0 kNm
Plastic resistance moment: Mpl,y,Rd = 531.5 kNm Mpl,z,Rd = 351.6 kNm
mdy = 1.023 mdz = 1.002
aM,y = 0.9 aM,z = 0.9
Checking for bending about the y-y axis: My,Ed / (aM,[Link],y,Rd) = 0.78 <1 (6.46)
=> The condition is statisfied
Checking for bending about the z-z axis: Mz,Ed / (aM,[Link],z,Rd) = 0.59 <1 (6.46)
=> The condition is statisfied
Checking combined compression and biaxial bending (N - My - Mz):
My,Ed / ([Link],y,Rd) + Mz,Ed / ([Link],z,Rd) = 1.23 >1 (6.47)
=> The condition is not statisfied

Remark:

Therefore, the check of the resistance of the composite column to biaxial bending taking into account
the design axial force NEd = 1800 kN and assuming bending failure about the z-z axis is not satisfied.
 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

Interaction polygon for bending about the y-y and the z-z axes

7000

y-y axis
6000
z-z axis
5000
NRd (kN)

4000

3000 My,N,Rd = 544

Mz,Ed = 52
2000
NEd = 1800
Mz,N,Rd = 353 My,Ed = 461
1000

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
MRd (kNm)
Case 1. Assumed bending failure about the y-y axis

7000

y-y axis
6000
z-z axis
5000
NRd (kN)

4000

3000 Mz,Ed = 186 My,N,Rd = 544

2000
NEd = 1800
Mz,N,Rd = 353 My,Ed = 380
1000

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
MRd (kNm)

Case 2. Assumed bending failure about the z-z axis

 Composite Column with Fully Concrete-Encased H-Section
EN 1994-1-1:2004. Design of composite steel and concrete structures for buildings
Project: VTB Tower Designed by: NVC
Subject: Office Checked by: VAT
Position: Level 4 to 5 Date: 12/2021

II.5. Check of the plastic resistance to transverse shear

1. Parallel to the z-z axis
The first-order design shear force: Vz,Ed = 90.3 kN
The second-order design shear force: Vz,Ed,II = 100.3 kN
Shear area: Av,z = 22.5 cm2 EN 1993
Design plastic shear resistance: Vpl,z,a,Rd = 461.2 kN EN 1993
Checking: Vz,Ed,II = 100.3 < 0.5Vpl,z,a,Rd = 230.6 kN
=> The condition is statisfied [Link](3)
2. Parallel to the y-y axis
The first-order design shear force: Vy,Ed = 55.1 kN
The second-order design shear force: Vy,Ed,II = 83.8 kN
Shear area: Av,y = 91.0 cm2 EN 1993
Design plastic shear resistance: Vpl,y,a,Rd = 1865.1 kN EN 1993
Checking: Vy,Ed,II = 83.8 < 0.5Vpl,y,a,Rd = 932.6 kN
=> The condition is statisfied [Link](3)