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STRUCTURAL
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6 ENGINEERING
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CONTENTS
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OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING AS A
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
4 STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING PROFESSION ICONS
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7 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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SPECIALIZATIONS STRUCTURES,ELEMENTS,
IN STRUCTURAL MATERIALS,SOFTWARES
9 ENGINEERING AND OTHER MATTERS
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A specialty within civil
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engineering that deals with the
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FRAMEWORK AND DESIGN
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of built structures.
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Structural engineers
3 ensure that buildings
4 can withstand the
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stresses and pressures
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of their environment
and remain safe,
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stable and secure
8 throughout their use.
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WHAT DOES
A STRUCTURAL
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8
ENGINEER DO?
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1 Structural engineers often work
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alongside civil engineers and
architects as part of a
3 construction team.
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If a structure is a human body,
5 then the architect would be
concerned with the body shape
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and appearance, and the
7 structural engineer would be
concerned with the skeleton and
8 sinews.
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JOBS OF A
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
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Computing load and
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grade requirements, water
3 flow rates and material
4 JOBS OF A stress factors to determine
design specifications
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
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3 Estimating the cost and
4 JOBS OF A quantities of materials,
equipment and labor
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
6 Analyzing blueprints, maps,
7 reports, and topographical
and geological data
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Conducting studies of
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traffic patterns or
3 environmental conditions
4 JOBS OF A to identify potential
problems and assess how
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEER they will affect the project.
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Inspecting project sites to
7 monitor progress and
8 ensure the project is being
constructed according to
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design specifications
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SPECIALIZATIONS
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SPECIALIST FOR EXTREME CONDITIONS
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REINFORCED ROOF TO
COPE WITH STRESS
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SPECIALIST FOR EXTREME CONDITIONS
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7 REINFORCED WALL TO COPE
WITH STRESS
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SEISMIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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STRUCTURAL BRACING SYSTEM
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HUMANITARIAN ENGINEERING
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REBUILDING SHATTERED COMMUNITIES
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REPAIRING INFRASCTRACTURE
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CONSERVATION STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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5 PRESERVING HERITAGE
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FORENSICS
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5 PRESERVING HERITAGE
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FAÇADE ENGINEERING
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FIRE ENGINEERING
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1 FAÇADE ENGINEERING
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STRUCTURES USED
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6 IN STRUCTURAL
7 ENGINEERING
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Seismic Engineering Structures
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Mechanical Structures 4
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Aerospace Structures
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Nanoscale Structures
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Structural Engineering for 9
Medical Science
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4 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
5 USED IN THE FIELD OF
6 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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Columns
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Beams 2
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Trusses
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Plates 5
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Shells
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Arches
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Catenaries
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MATERIALS USED IN THE FIELD
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OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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Iron: wrought iron, cast iron
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Concrete: reinforced
concrete, pre-stressed concrete 2
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Alloy: steel, stainless steel
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Masonry 5
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Timber: hardwood, softwood
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Aluminum
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Composite materials: plywood 9
adobe, bamboo, carbon fiber, 1
mudbrick, fiber reinforced
plastic, roofing materials 2
Other structural materials
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SOFTWARES USED IN THE FIELD
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OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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SAP-2000 V18
SAP-2000 V18
RISA 3D
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MATTERS RELATED TO
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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STRUCTURAL FRACTURE MECHANICS
Analytical solid mechanics
Safety engineering
Probability theory
Catastrophe theory
STRUCTURAL ROBUSTNESS
Robustness is the ability of a
structure to withstand events
like fire, explosions, impact or
the consequences of human
error, without being damaged
to an extent disproportionate
to the original cause.
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND FAILURES
The structure is not strong and tough
enough to support the load.
Fatigue or corrosion caused by instability
in the structure’s geometry, design or
material properties.
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND FAILURES
Manufacturing errors including improper
selection of materials, incorrect sizing,
improper heat treating, failing to adhere
to the design, or shoddy workmanship.
The use of defective materials.
Lack of consideration of unexpected
problems.
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4
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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WO N D E R S O F T H E M O D E R N
6 WO R D
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STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
8 WONDERS OF THE
MODERN WORD
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5 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
6 DISASTERS
7 OF THE MODERN WORD
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St. Francis Dam flooding (1928)
The St. Francis Dam was a concrete dam built
between the years 1924 and 1926, to create a
water reservoir for Los Angeles. The dam was
located in a canyon around 40 miles (64 km)
from the city. On March 12, 1928, just hours
after being inspected by the Chief Engineer
Wi l l i a m M u l h o l l a n d , t h e d a m f a i l e d , s e n d i n g a
massive water wave 120 ft tall, and killing as
many as 600 people in one of the worst
American civil engineering disasters
Saint Francis Dam
Titanic (1912)
RMS Titanic was a British passenger ship
that sank after hitting an iceberg on her
maiden voyage from Southampton (United
Kingdom) to New York City, in April 1912.
Titanic was at the time the largest ship
ever built and was considered to be
unsinkable. The tragedy claimed the lives
of over 1,500 people.
TITANIC
Ranza Plaza, Bangladesh
On April 24th 2013 Ranza Plaza, a 8 story
commercial building collapsed in Savar, a
district of Bangladesh. The death toll from
the collapse was 1,129 and 2,515 injured.
The building housed a number of garment
factories, several shops and a bank.
RANZA PLAZA
Sampoong Department Store, South Korea
On June 29th 1995, the 5-story Sampoong
Department Store in the Seocho District of
Seoul, South Korea collapsed resulting in the
deaths of 502 people. Cracks began to appear
in the ceiling of the fifth floor of the store’s
south wing due to the presence of an air -
conditioning unit on the weakened roof of the
poorly built structure.
RANZA PLAZA
Alfred P. Murrah Federal
Building, Oklahoma City
On 19 April 1995, the nine-
story concrete framed Alfred
P. Murrah Federal Building in
Oklahoma was struck by a
huge car bomb causing
partial collapse, resulting in
the deaths of 168 people.
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5 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
6 AS A PROFESION
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What Do I need to become a
structural Engineer?
The education you need is usually a
Degree in Civil Engineering
and a Masters in Structural Engineering
How much does a Structural
Engineer earn?
The average pay of a structural engineer
in the Philippines is 385, 287 Pesos
per year but it can vary from
160 000 to 830 000
What is it like to work as
a Structural Engineer?
W h a t i s i t l i k e t o
w o r k a s a Structural
Engineer?
