Project
proposal
on Rice
Milling AMAN
Machine POLY
TECHNIC
COLLAGE
PROJECT TITLE: RICE MILLING MACHINE
BY
1. Tesfaye Chekol
2. TemesgenW/michael
3. BirihanuWendimu
4. TigistuTuguma
5. WasihunAdeme
A proposal submitted to Technology and Industry extension office
MIZAN AMAN, ETHIOPIA
February 23, 2022
Executive Summary
The processing of agricultural product into quality formsnot only prolongs the useful life of these
products but also increasesthe net profit farmers make from such products. In this work,
emphasis was placed on demand led design which involvedunderstanding the need of the farmer
and designing an appropriatesystem that meets that need. Many farmers grow Rice but could
notafford the cost of acquiring some of the imported threshing machinesbecause of their cost.
Such people resort to manual means ofthreshing which results into low efficiency, high level of
wastage andexerting of much labor. To overcome these farmers problem of this machine will
develop. The machine basically includesinput hopper,milling chamber, collecting tray and motor
(1.5HP). The arrangement of these parts is connected by belt and pulley mechanism.
Figure 1: Sample of the project
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................ii
List of figures..............................................................................................................................................v
List of tables................................................................................................................................................v
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1
2. Statement of the problem.....................................................................................................................1
2.1 Objectives of the project..............................................................................................................1
2.1.1 General objectives................................................................................................................1
2.1.2. Specific objectives...............................................................................................................2
2.2. What are the goals of a statement of the problem?.......................................................................2
3. Project background..............................................................................................................................2
3.1. Rationale for institute involvement..............................................................................................2
3.2. Project description.......................................................................................................................3
4. Impact assessment...............................................................................................................................4
4.1 Environmental impact........................................................................................................................4
4.2 Technological impact.........................................................................................................................4
4.3 Economic impact...............................................................................................................................5
Machine depreciation cost...........................................................................................................................6
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................8
Reference.....................................................................................................................................................9
List of figures
Figure 1: Sample of the project..................................................................................................................iii
Figure 2: block diagram of the machine......................................................................................................3
Figure 3: construction process of Ricemilling machine...............................................................................4
List of tables
Table 1 work plan of the project......................................................................................................5
Table 2: material cost estimation.....................................................................................................6
Table 3: machine depreciation cost.................................................................................................7
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Rice is generally considered as a semi aquatic annual plant, although it could survive as a
perennial in the tropics or subtropics. It grows widely in the tropics where rainfall is abundant
because it is a cereal that requires plenty of sunshine and water. It remains article of food for
many countries and it is a basic food for world population. Rice is the seed of the monocot plants
oryza (Asian rice) sativa or oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely
consumed staple food for a large part of the grain with the second highest worldwide production
after corn world’s human population, especially in Asia. It is the grain with the second highest
worldwide production after corn.
Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is
labor intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. However, rice can be grown practically
anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water controlling terrace systems.
Although its parent species are native to Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and
exportation have made it common place in many cultures worldwide (Koya and dekoya, 1994).
The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young
seedlings (Popoola, 2007).
Rice processing involves harvesting, drying, threshing and milling. Each grain of rice is encased in an
easily removed protective hull. Rice is milled to remove the hull, bran and other unwanted materials
(Matz, 1970). In the rice industry, milling is referred to as overall operations in rice mill-cleaning,
shelling, bran removal and size separation. The purpose of rice milling is to remove the chaffs
(Luh, 1980). Traditionally, after harvest, in some rice growing areas, rice milling is accomplished
by very primitive methods such as pounding the rough rice in a wooden mortar with pestle and then
winnowed to remove the chaff from the grain. This practice makes local production of rice very low
with poor quality (Ibukun, 2008). The country depends largely on foreign importation. The rice
milling machine is an improvement of traditional rice winnower. It consists of hopper, Sheller, cleaner,
separator (sieve) delivery unit and the frame. Most locally available machines are beyond the reach of
farmers due to high cost (Oni, 1988). Since rice will most likely remain the basic food of the ever
increasing world population, efforts have to be made to increase its production by developing a low
cost milling machine. Winnowing of the grains after shelling to remove chaffs and Rice is generally
considered as a semi aquatic annual plant, although it could survive as a perennial in the tropics or
subtropics (Garial and O’Callaghan, 1990). It grows widely in the tropics where rainfall is abundant
because it is a cereal that requires plenty of sunshine and water (Douglas and Glenn, 1982). It remains
article of food for many countries and it is a basic food for world population. Therefore, this research
work focused on the development of low cost rice milling machine the processes include: cutting,
drilling, turning.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Traditional milling methods do not support large-scale milling of Rice, especially forcommercial
purposes. Locally in Ethiopia, the region that is the highest producer of Rice is the southern part of the
[Link] is observed that most milling of Rice is done by hand milling. Hand milling take a lot of
time, even with some hand operated simpletools. Mostmechanical millers were designed for multi-grain
threshing or milling, which causes great damage to the Rice seeds besides breaking the cob to pieces.
The available millers locally, were equipped with rotating threshing drum with beaters or teeth, which
cause damages to the seed. Besides, the cost of purchasing such millers were high for the poor rural
farmer, and therefore necessitated the design of low-cost system that will be affordable and alsoincrease
threshing efficiency but reduce damage done to the seed.
1.3 Objectives of the project
1.3.1 General objectives
The general objective of the project is: -
Replacing the traditional way of milling process into mechanized system to increase quality and
productivity of Rice in Ethiopia.
1.3.2 Specific objectives
Thespecific objectives of this project are: -
To design, construct, and test a low-cost corn Sheller machine that can effectively separate the
corn from the cob.
To increase the economic value of Rice and its products
To use the corn Sheller in establishing an agro-processing center for rural farmers.
To contribute my improved Ricemilling equipment for better Post Harvest management system
of Rice production.
1.4 What are the goals of a statement of the problem?
Rice is an important food crop in Ethiopia. Although consumed all over the country, it is the staple food
in the western and southern regions. So,replacing the traditional way of milling process into
mechanized system toincrease quality and productivity of Riceis the goal of the project.
2. Project background
Rice (corn) is one of the most important staple crops in the world. It is one of the important cereal crops
in Ethiopia, and grows in practically all parts of the [Link] also accounts for 43% of the Latin
American diet. In Asia, Rice production is over 200 billion kilograms a year and it is expected that the
total Riceproduction in developing countries will eventually overtake production in industrialized
[Link] many rural areas of developing countries, the Rice kernels are removed from the cob by
hand in a process called milling. Milling the annual Rice harvest by hand typically takes weeks and
may pull children out of school, since processing food for survival takes priority over education in
subsistence farming households. The hardened, dry Rice can also be painful to shell and lead to hand
injuries.
2.1. Rationale for institute involvement
As we know that the society in bench sheko zone is depend on agriculture production. One of them is
Riceproduction and one of the TVET programs is giving community service. If we produce this Rice
sheller machine for the society means we support them in the other way. If not, the society will
continue in traditional way. This makes the farmers low quality of Rice production.
2.2. Project description
In Ethiopia, most of the farmers shell corn by mainly three methods namely milling cob grain by hand;
hand operated corn Sheller and beating by stick method were carried for removing corn kernel from the
cob. This motorized Sheller technology has a feeding hopper, which rests on a cylindrical Ricemilling
unit. The milling unit rests on a metallic frame that is connected to axial flow rotor, used cobs and clean
grain delivery outlets and power unit. The power unit is either 1.5hp, high-speed single-phase electric
motor.
Rice
hopper
sheller fan
Out put
Single phase
electrical motor 220-250v
switch
source
Figure 2: block diagram of the machine
Steps to do the project
Searching and studying related
Literature
Selecting of required materials
Determining the specification of the
materials
Assemble the machine based on the design
Finally test the output
Figure 3: construction process of Ricemilling machine
3. Impact assessment
To quantify the results from individual and/or combination of interventions, the project established baseline data,
conducted household and impact assessment surveys and documented changes. This case study also used data
generated from these sources and others.
4.1 Environmental impact
The operation and controlling system of this machine is totally environmentally friendly and contains
no hazardous and pollution for the society.
4.2 Technological impact
One of the best futures of technology is increase quality and productivity and decrease manpower so
this machine will add value to the society in Ricemilling and threshing process.
4.3 Economic impact
There is no question to add values in their economy, becausethis machine saves their time, money and
manpower. In agriculture these three things have their own value for their day today activities.
Milestone
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
No Task to done
1 LiteratureReview
2 Collecting material
Designingprocess
3
4 Assembling the machine
Test the machine
5
Table 1 work plan of the project
4.4 Materials and Methods
Different manufacturing processes are involved in the fabrication of rice milling machine. The
machine consists of so many components which must be put together appropriately that their
interaction with one another would produce the desired output called rice milling machine. Some of
the processes include: cutting, drilling, turning welding and forming.
4.4.1 Materials
In the design and fabrication of a rice milling machine, it is very important to carefully select the
material and method. This is to ensure that the final product meets its specification and work as
intended. In the selection of suitable material that will satisfy this design and product requirement, it is
necessary to look at many aspects so that the components and assembly are fabricated within the
resources available.
Material Cost estimation
No materials specification quality Unit price Total
in birr price
Single phase 1.5kw/1HP hp 1 5000 5000
1 AC motor
Sheet metal 2 300 600
2 1000mmx1000mmx1.5mm
1000mmx1000mmx1mm 1 100 100
3 Transmission Rubber leather 1 30 30
belt
4 Bolt and nut M10 X1.5 7pcs 3 21
5 Metal paint Enamel 1kg 80 80
(anti-rust)
6 Paint red 1kg 80 80
7 Shaft 120cm modefic 1
8 Angle iron 40mmx40mmx2mm 1pcs 250 250
9 Electrode E6013Ø 2.5mmx300mm 1 packet 120 120
10 Pully 5cm diameter 2 100 200
11 Bricker 1
12 Wire 2.5 4meter
13 Ball bearing 2 100 200
14 Round bar 16mm diameter 1meter 250 250
15 Sand paper 120 1 meter 40 40
Material cost 7181
A. Labor cost =15% of material cost =15x (7181) =1077.15
100
Table 2: material cost estimation
Machine depreciation cost
Types of Duration in Cost of Salvage Depreciation cost remark
Machine used a year machine cost in a year
Arc welding
machine 10 year 8000 1000 700
Portable
grinder 10 year 4500 200 430
Cutoff
machine 15 year 5000 750 283.33
1713.33 per year 142.78 per
month
Table 3: machine depreciation cost
For electrical cost =assume 300 birr per month
For contingency cost =assume 250 birr per month
Factor overhead cost =machine depreciation cost + For electrical cost + For contingency cost
=142.78 + 300 +250=692.78 birr per month
Total cost of the machine
Manufacturing cost =material cost +labor cost +factor overhead cost
Manufacturing cost = 7181 +1077.15 +692.78 = 8950.93 birr
Profit = 10% of manufacturing cost = 8950.93 x10=895.093birr
100
Selling price = manufacturing cost + profit
Selling price =8950.93 +895.093
Selling cost = 9846.023 birr
Conclusion
Ricemilling and threshing machine add the modernization in the agricultural field. This machine will
make the farmers becomes independent and not rely on the labors for removing covers of Rice and for
deseeding. A single person can efficiently operate this Corn milling and threshing machine. The project
will make an impressing task in the field of agriculture. It is very usefully for the workers to carry out a
number of operations in a single machine.
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