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Hormones and Their Major Actions Explained

This document summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones in the human body, including their sources and major actions. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of other pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland regulates many other endocrine glands and tissues through releasing hormones like growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropins. Other major endocrine glands discussed are the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries, and testes - each secreting hormones that regulate processes like metabolism, growth, sexual development, calcium levels, and more.

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Reisha Fungo
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6 views3 pages

Hormones and Their Major Actions Explained

This document summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones in the human body, including their sources and major actions. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of other pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland regulates many other endocrine glands and tissues through releasing hormones like growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropins. Other major endocrine glands discussed are the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries, and testes - each secreting hormones that regulate processes like metabolism, growth, sexual development, calcium levels, and more.

Uploaded by

Reisha Fungo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SOURCE HORMONE MAJOR ACTION

Hypothalamus Releasing and inhibiting hormones Controls the release of pituitary hormones
 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
 Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GNRH)
 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Somatostatin Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
Anterior Pituary Growth Hormone (GH)  Stimulates growth of bone and muscle
 Promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism
 Decreases carbohydrate metabolism
Adrecorticotropic hormone (ACTH)  Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical
hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)  Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  Female: stimulate growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation
 Male: stimulates sperm production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)  Female: stimulates development of corpus luteuem
Release of oocytes
Production of estrogen and progesterone
 Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone
Development of interstitial tissues of testes
Prolactin  Prepares female breasts for breast-feeding
Posteror pituary Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  Increases water reabsorption by kidney
Oxytocin  Stimulates contractin of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from
breasts after childbrirth
Adrenal Cortex Mineralocorticosteroids (mainly aldosterone)  Increase sodium absorption, potassium loss by kidney
(upper potion of the Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)  Affects metabolism of all nutrients
kidney)
 Regulates blood glucose levels
 Affect growth
 Has inflammatory
 Decreases effects of stress
Adrenal androgens  Have minimal intrinsic androgenic activity
Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine  Serve as neurotransmitter for the symphathetic nervous
Norepinephrine system
Thyroid (follicular Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and  Increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone
cells) thyroxine (T4) turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamine;
necessary for fetal and infant growth and development
Thyroid C cells Calcitonin  Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels
Parathyroid cells Parathorme (PTH, parathyroid hormone)  Regulates serum calcium
Pancreatic islet cells Insulin  Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose transport across
cell membrane of muscle, liver and adipose tissue
Glucagon  Increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of
glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis
Somatostatin  Delays intestinal absorption

Kidney 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D  Stimulates calcium absorption of glucose


Renin  Activates rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Erythropoietin  Increases red blood cell production
Ovaries Estrogen  Affects development of female sex organs and secondary
sex characteristics
Progesterone  Influences menstrual cycle; stimulating growth of uterine
wall; maintains pregnancy
Testes Androgens, mainly testosterone  Affect development of male sex organs and secondary sex
characteristics; aid in sperm production

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