H Math Chapter-2-36
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Mohaiminun Islam ShihabH Math Chapter-2-36
Uploaded by
Mohaiminun Islam Shihabbeg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 47
wØZxq Aa¨vq
exRMvwYwZK ivwk
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
2
(Algebraic expression) exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ivwk ejv nq| †hgb : 2x, 2x + 3y, 6x + 4y BZ¨vw` cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKwU
exRMvwYwZK ivwk| G‡`i cÖZxKwU‡K PjK ejv nq|
eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi exRMvwYwZK ivwk| Giƒc ivwk‡Z GK ev GKvwaK c` _v‡K| c`¸‡jv GK ev GKvwaK Pj‡Ki ïay AFYvZ¥K c~Y©mvswL¨K NvZ I
aªæe‡Ki ¸Ydj|
x GKwU PjK n‡j a, ax + b, ax2 + bx + c BZ¨vw` AvKv‡ii ivwk x Pj‡Ki eûc`x| Giƒc GK Pj‡Ki eûc`x, `yB Pj‡Ki eûc`x, wZb Pj‡Ki eûc`x n‡Z
cv‡i|
i. P(x) eûc`x‡K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
P(x) eûc`x‡K ax + b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P
b
ii.
a
iii. P(a) = 0 n‡j (x a) n‡”Q P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
vi. P(x) eûc`xi x a GKwU Drcv`K n‡j P(a) = 0
(Homogeneous Polynomial) †Kv‡bv eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv GKB n‡j, Zv‡K mggvwÎK eûc`x e‡j|
(Symmetric) GKvwaK PjKwewkó †Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K, Z‡e ivwkwU‡K
H PjKmg~‡ni cÖwZmg ivwk ejv nq|
ab + bc + ca ivwkwU a, b, c Pj‡Ki Ges x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki cÖwZmg ivwk|
(Cxclic) Pµ-µwgK ivwk‡Z PjK¸‡jvi ¯’vb PµvKv‡i cwieZ©b n‡jI ivwki gvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
wZb Pj‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K ivwk Pµ-µwgK| wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K Pµ-µwgK ivwk cÖwZmg bq|
x2 + y2 + z2 Pµ-µwgK ivwki Kvi‡Y x Gi ¯’‡j y, y Gi ¯’‡j z Ges z Gi ¯’‡j x emv‡j ivwkwU y2 + z2 + x2 c~‡e©i ivwki mgvb nq|
K. †Kv‡bv Pµ-µwgK eûc`xi (a b) GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, (b c ) Ges (c a) ivwkwUi Drcv`K n‡e|
L. GK gvÎvi Ges `yB gvÎvi mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK eûc`x h_vµ‡g k (a + b + c) I k (a2 + b2 + c2) + m (ab + bc + ca) †hLv‡b k I m aªæeK|
M. `yBwU eûc`x hw` Ggb nq †h, PjK¸‡jvi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ G‡`i gvb mgvb nq, Z‡e eûc`x `yBwUi Abyiƒc c`¸‡jvi mnM ci¯úi mgvb n‡e|
(Rational Fractions) GKwU eûc`x‡K ni Ges GKwU eûc`x‡K je a‡i MwVZ fMœvsk‡K g~j` fMœvsk e‡j|
2
x x +1
†hgb, Ges g~j` fMœvsk|
(x 1) (x 5) 2
(x + 8) (x + 5x + 7)
g~j`xq fMœvs‡ki mijxKi‡Yi mgq wb‡gœv³ A‡f`¸‡jv webv cÖgv‡Y MÖnY Kiv hvq :
a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b) = (a b) (b c) (c a)
2 2 2
i.
ii. bc (b c) + ca (c a) + ab(a b) = (a b)(b c)(c a)
iii. a (b c ) + b(c a ) + c (a b ) = (a b)(b c)(c a)
2 2 2 2 2 2
iv. b c (b c ) + c a (c a ) + a b (a b ) = (a b)(b c)(c a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
v. a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b) = (a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c)
3 3 3
vi. (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) abc = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
vii. (b + c)(c + a)(a + b) + abc = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
viii. (a + b + c) a b c = 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
3 3 3 3
Note : GB Aa¨v‡qi cÖwZwU A‡¼i mgvavb Ki‡Z Gme m~Î e¨envi Ki‡ZB n‡e| ZvB m~θ‡jv gyL¯’ ivLv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
(Partial Fraction) hw` †Kv‡bv fMœvsk‡K GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv hvq, Z‡e †k‡lv³ fMœvsk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³
fMœvs‡ki AvswkK fMœvsk ejv nq|
aiv hvK, N(x) I D(x) DfqB x Pj‡Ki eûc`x Ges je N(x) Gi gvÎv ni D(x) Gi gvÎv A‡cÿv †QvU nq Zvn‡j fMœvskwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk (Proper
Fraction)| hw` D(x) Gi gvÎv N(x) Gi †P‡q †QvU ev mgvb nq, Z‡e †mB fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk (Improper Fraction) ejv nq|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 48
i. hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax + b = px + q nq, Z‡e x = 0 I x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, b = q Ges a + b = p + q hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, a = p, b = q.
hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax + bx + c = px + qx + r nq; Z‡e x = 0, x = 1 I x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, c = r, a + b + c = p + q + r Ges a b +
2 2
ii.
c = p q + r; hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, a = p, b = q, c = r.
n n1 n n1
iii. mvaviYfv‡e, †`Lv hvq †h, hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ aox + a1x + ....+ an 1 x + an = pox + p1x + ....+ pn1 x + pn nq,
Z‡e ao = po, a1 = p1, ...., an1 = pn1, an = pn
A_©vr mgZv wP‡ýi Dfqc‡ÿ x Gi GKB Nv‡Zi mnMØq ci¯úi mgvb|
Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb
1 2x2 2 + 4
= + 2
Ka+b+c L xy + yz + zx 1+x (x + 1) (x2 1)
Mx y +z N 2a 5bc c
2 2 2 2 2 1 2
= +
1 + x (x + 1) (x 1)
mwVK DËi : K, L I M
GKvwaK PjK msewjZ †Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU x1+2 (x +1) 1
= = =
(x +1) (x 1) (x + 1) (x 1) x 1
Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K
eûc`x x + px x 7 Gi GKwU Drcv`K x + 7| GB Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K
3 2
cÖwZmg ivwk e‡j|
K. a + b + c = wZbwU Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿB cÖwZmg| wb‡Pi 3 Ges 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
L. xy + yz + zx = wZbwU Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿB cÖwZmg| p
M. x2 y2 + z2 = ivwkwU x I z Gi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg| 54
K7 7 M N 477
7
N. 2a2 5bc c2 = ivwkwU cÖwZmg bq KviY a, b, c Gi
g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Pj‡Ki ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j ivwkwUi gvb
K (x 1)(x 1) L (x + 1)(x 2)
cwieZ©b n‡q hvq|
3 3 3 M (x 1)(x + 3) (x + 1)(x 1)
(i) hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e a + b + c = 3abc
x 5x + 7x a x2
4 3 2
x y z
(ii) P(x, y, z) = + + ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK a=4
y z x
g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x 5x + 7x a
4 3 2
1 2 4 1
(iii) + + Gi mijxK…Z gvb
1 + x 1 + x2 x4 1 x1 (x 2), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` P(2) = 0 nq|
GLb, P(2) = 24 5. 23 + 7. 22 a
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii i, ii I iii = 16 40 + 28 a
=4a
(i) †`Iqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 0 †h‡nZz, P(2) = 0
a+b=c myZivs, 4 a = 0
evgcÿ = a3 + b3 + c3
a=4
= (a + b)3 3ab (a + b) + c3
P(x) = x a
n n
n a
= ( c)3 3ab (c) + c3
= c3 + 3ab + c3
(x a) Q(x)
= 3abc
= Wvbcÿ P(x) = (x a) Q(x)
P(x) = x a
n n
x y z
(ii) †`Iqv Av‡Q, P (x, y, z) = + +
y z x P(x) †K (x a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
GLv‡b, x Gi ¯’‡j y, y Gi ¯’‡j z Ges z Gi ¯’‡j x emv‡j, P(a) = an an = 0
ivwkwUi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| myZivs ivwkwU PµµwgK|
P(x) †K (x a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq|
1 2 4
(iii) + + (x a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
x+x 1 + x2 x4 1
1 2 4 (x a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= + + P(x) = xn an
1 +x 1 + x2 (x2) (1)
1 2 4 = xn xn 1 a + xn 1a xn 2 a2 + xm 2 a2 xn 3 a3 +
= + + 2
1 + x 1 + x2 (x +1) (x2 1) ............... + [Link] 1 an
1 2(x2 1) + 4 = xn 1(x a) + xn 2 a(x a) + xn 3 a2 (x a) +
= + 2
1+x (x +1) (x2 1) ...........+ an 1(x a)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 49
= (x a)(xn 1 + xn 2 + xn 3 a2 + ..........+ an 1) †h‡nZz (x r), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K, †m‡nZz P(r) = 0
†h‡nZz P(x) = (x a) Q(x) 5
GLb, P(r) = ar + br + cr + cr + br + a
4 3 2
Q(x) = xn 1 + xn 2 a + xn 3 a2 +.........+ an 1 (Ans.) ar + br + cr + cr + br + a = 0 ......... (ii)
5 4 3 2
n (x + a) awi, rx 1 = 0
Q(x) P(x) = (x + a) Q(x) ev, rx = 1
P(x) = x an
n
1
x=
r
n †Rvo msL¨v n‡j n = 2k (GLv‡b K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v)
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2
GLb, P = a + b + c + c + b + a
P(x) = x2k a2k 1 1
r r r r r r
P(x) †K (x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
a b c c b
P(a) = (a)2k a2k = 5+ 4+ 3+ 2+ +a
r r r r r
= a2k a2k = 0 2 3 4 5
a + br + cr + cr + br + ar
P(x) †K (x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq| = 5
r
(x + a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
0
P(x) = xn an = 5 [(ii) bs †_‡K gvb ewm‡q]
r
= xn + xn 1. a xn 1 . a + xn 2 . a2 xn 2 . =0
a2 + ................+ xan 1 an 1
n1 †h‡nZz (i) bs eûc`x‡Z x = emv‡j cÖ`Ë eûc`xi gvb k~b¨ nq
=x (x + a) xn 2 . a(x + a) + xn 3 . r
a2(x + a) .......... an 1(x + a) †m‡nZz (rx 1) D³ eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K|
= (x + a) (xn 1 xn 2 a + xn 3 a2 ........... an 1) (rx 1) I P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
†h‡nZz, P(x) = (x + a) Q (x)
Q(x) = xn 1 xn 2. a + xn 3. a2 ...........+ (1)n 1. an 1 (Ans.) 4 3 2
(i) x + 7x + 17x + 17x + 6
n n
P(x) = x + a n a g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x + 7x + 17x + 17x + 6
4 3 2
n (x + a)
P( 1) = ( 1) + 7( 1) + 17 ( 1) + 17 ( 1) + 6
4 3 2
Q(x) = 1 7 + 17 17 + 6
P(x) = (x + a) Q(x) = 24 24
P(x) = x + a
n n =0
myZivs (x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
n we‡Rvo abvZ¥K msL¨v n‡j, n = 2k + 1 (GLv‡b k ¯^vfvweK msL¨v)
4 3 2
P(x) = x2k + 1 + a2k + 1 GLb, x + 7x + 17x + 17x + 6
4 3 3 2 2
P(x) †K x + a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a) = x + x + 6x + 6x + 11x + 11x + 6x + 6
3 2
P(a) = (a)2k + 1 + a2k + 1 = x (x + 1) + 6x (x + 1) + 11x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)
3 2
= a2k + 1 + a2k + 1 = (x + 1)(x + 6x + 11x + 6)
= (x + 1)(x + 6x + 12x + 8 x 2)
3 2
=0
P(x) †K P(x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq| = (x + 1)(x + 3.x .2 + 3.x.2 + 2 x 2)
3 2 2 3
(x + a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = (x + 1){(x + 2) 1(x + 2)}
3
P(x) = x + a n n
= (x + 1) (x + 2) {(x + 2)2 1}
= xn + xn 1. a xn 1. a xn 2. a2 + xn 2. a2 + xn 3 = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 2 + 1)(x + 2 1)
. a3 ................. + xan 1 + an = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 1)
= x (x + a) x . a (x + a) + xn 3.a2(x + a) ......+ an 1(x + a)
n 1 n2 2
= (x + 1) (x + 2)(x + 3) (Ans.)
= (x + a) (xn 1 xn 2. a + xn 3. a2 ..............(1)n1an1
(ii) 4a + 12a + 7a 3a 2
4 3 2
P(x) = (x + a) Q(x)
g‡b Kwi, P(a) = 4a4 + 12a3 + 7a2 3a 2
Q(x) = xn 1 axn 2 + a2 xn 3 ......... +(1)n 1 an 1 (Ans.)
P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + cx2 + bx + a a, P( 1) = 4( 1)4 + 12( 1)3 + 7( 1)2 3( 1) 2
= 4 12 + 7 + 3 2
b, c a 0, (x r) P(x)
= 14 14
P(x) (rx 1)
=0
†`Iqv Av‡Q, myZivs (a + 1), P(a)-Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + cx2 + bx + a........ (i) GLb, 4a + 12a + 7a 3a 2
4 3 2
[†hLv‡b a, b, c aªæeK Ges a 0] = 4a + 4a + 8a + 8a a a 2a 2
4 3 3 2 2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 50
= 4a (a + 1) + 8a (a + 1) a (a + 1) 2(a + 1) = b c (b c ) + a b c a a b + c a
3 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2
= (a + 1)(4a + 8a a 2) = b c (b c ) + a (b c ) a (b c )
3 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 4
= (a + 1){4a (a + 2) 1(a + 2)} = (b c ){(b c + a a (b + c )}
2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
= (a + 1)(a + 2)(4a 1) = (b c )(b c + a a b c a )
2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
= (a + 1)(a + 2){(2a) 1}
2
= (b2 c2){a2(a2 b2) c2(a2 b2)}
= (a + 1)(a + 2)(2a + 1)(2a 1) = (b2 c2)(a2 b2)(a2 c2)
= (2a 1)(a + 1)(a + 2)(2a + 1) (Ans.) = (b2 c2)(a2 b2){ (c2 a2)}
3 2 = (a2 b2)(b2 c2)(c2 a2)
(iii) x + 2x + 2x + 1
g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x + 2x + 2x + 1
3 2 = (a b)(b c)(c a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (Ans.)
1 1 1 3
P( 1) = ( 1)3 + 2 ( 1)2 + 2( 1) + 1 3+ 3+ 3=
a b c abc
=1+22+1
=33 bc + ca + ab = 0 a=b=c
=0 †`Iqv Av‡Q,
myZivs (x + 1), P(x) -Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
3 2 1 1 1 3
GLb, x + 2x + 2x + 1 3+ 3+ 3=
a b c abc
3 2 2
=x +x +x +x+x+1
1 1 1 1 11
2
= x (x + 1) + x(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) ev, 3 + 3 + 3 3. . . = 0
a b c a bc
2
= (x + 1)(x + x + 1) (Ans.)
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
(iv) x(y2 + z2) + y (z2 + x2) + z(x2 + y2) + 3xyz 2 a b c a b b c c a
ev, + + + + = 0
cÖ`Ë ivwk, 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
a b c a b b c c a
= x(y2 + z2) + y(z2 + x2) + z(x2 + y2) + 3xyz
1 1 1
= xy2 + z2x + yz2 + x2y + zx2 + y2z + 3xyz AZGe, + + = 0
a b c
= x2y + xy2 + xyz + xyz + y2z + yz2 + zx2 + xyz + z2x
bc + ca + ab
= xy(x + y + z) + yz (x + y + z) + zx(x + y + z) ev, =0
abc
= (x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx) (Ans.)
bc + ca + ab = 0
(v) (x + 1) (y z) + (y + 1) (z x) + (z + 1) (x y)
2 2 2
A_ev, + + = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
cÖ`Ë ivwk, a b b c c a
(x + 1) (y z) + (y + 1)2 (z x) + (z + 1)2 (x y)
2 †h‡nZz wZbwU e‡M©i mgwói gvb k~b¨, myZivs G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvb k~b¨|
A_©vr = 0
= (x2 + 2x + 1)(y z) + (y2 + 2y + 1)(z x) + (z2 + 2z + 1)(x y) 1 1 2
= x2(y z) + y2(z x) + z2(x y) + 2x(y z) a b
+ 2y(z x) + 2z(x y) + (y z + z x + x y) 1 1
ev, = 0 [eM©g~j K‡i]
a b
= x (y z) + y (z x) + z2(x y) +
2 2
1 1
2(xy zx + yz xy + zx yz) + 0 ev, =
a b
= x2(y z) + y2(z x) + z2(x y) + 2 0 ev, a = b
= x2(y z) + y2z xy2 + z2x yz2 Abyiƒcfv‡e, b = c Ges c = a
= x2(y z) + yz(y z) x(y2 z2)
a=b=c
= (y z) {x2 + yz x(y + z)} myZivs bc + ca + ab = 0 A_ev a = b = c
= (y z)(x2 + yz xy zx)
= (y z)(x2 xy zx + yz) x = b + c a, y = c + a b z=a+bc
= (y z) {x(x y) z(x y)} x + y + z 3xyz = 4(a + b + c 3abc)
3 3 3 3 3 3
= (y z)(x y)(x z) GLv‡b,
= (y z)(x y){ (z x)}
x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3
= (x y)(y z)(z x) (Ans.) 1
= (x + y + z){(x y) + (y z) + (z x )}
2 2 2
2
(vi) b c (b c ) + c a (c a ) + a b (a b )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
cÖ`Ë ivwk, 1
= (b + c a + c + a b + a + b c){(b + c a c a + b) +
2
2
b c (b c ) + c a (c a ) + a b (a b )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(c + a b a b + c) + (a + b c b c + a)
2 2
= b c (b c ) + c a c a + a b a b
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4
[x, y, z Gi gvb ewm‡q]
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 51
1 (b c)(c a) abc 0
= (a + b + c){(2b 2a) + (2c 2b) + (2a 2c) }
2 2 2
2 =x 0+x 2
1 = x(a b)(b c)(c a)
= (a + b + c)[{ 2(a b)} + { 2(b c)} + { 2(c a)} ]
2 2 2
2
x(a b)(b c)(c a)
1 cÖ`Ë ivwk
= (a + b + c){ 4(a b) + 4(b c) + 4(c a) }
2 2 2
(a b)(b c)(c a)(x a)(x b)(x c)
2
x
1 = (Ans.)
= 4. (a + b + c){(a b) + (b c) + (c a) }
2 2 2
(x a)(x b)(x c)
2
(a + b) ab (b + c) bc (c + a) ca
2 2 2
= 4(a + b + c 3abc)
3 3 3
(c) + +
(b c)(a c) (c a)(b a) (a b)(c b)
x + y + z 3xyz = 4(a + b + c 3abc)
3 3 3 3 3 3
(a + b) ab (b + c) bc (c + a) ca
2 2 2
+ +
a
2
b c
2 2 (b c)(a c) (c a)(b a) (a b)(c b)
(a) + +
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b) a + 2ab + b ab b + 2bc + c bc c + 2ca + a ca
2 2 2 2 2 2
= + +
(b c)(c a) (c a)(a b) (a b)(b c)
(a b)(a + ab + b ) + (b c)(b + bc + c ) + (c a)(c + ca + a )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c =
+ + (a b)(b c)(c a)
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
(a b ) + (b c ) + (c a )
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
a b c =
= + + (a b)(b c)(c a)
(a b)(c a) (b c)(a b) (c a)(b c)
a b +b c +c a
3 3 3 3 3 3
a (b c) b (c a) + c (a b)
2 2 2
=
= (a b)(b c)(c a)
(a b)(b c)(c a)
0
PµµwgK ivwki m~Îvbyhvqx =
(a b)(b c)(c a)
a2(b c) + b2 (c a) + c2(a b) = (a b) (b c) (c a)
= 0 (Ans.)
(a b)(b c)(c a)
cÖ`Ë ivwk = = 1 (Ans.) 1 2 4 8 16
(a b)(b c)(c a) (d) + + + +
1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1
a b
(b) +
(a b)(a c)(x a) (b a)(b c)(x b)
1 2 4 8 16
+ + + +
c 1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1
+
(c a)(c b)(x c)
=
1 1 2 4 8 16 1
+ + + + +
1 + x x 1 x2+ 1 x4 + 1 x8 + 1 x16 1 x 1
a b c x1x1 2 4 8 16 1
+ +
(a b)(a c)(x a) (b a)(b c)(x b) (c a)(c b)(x c) = + + + + +
(x + 1)(x 1) x2 + 1 x4 + 1 x8 + 1 x16 1 x 1
a b
= + 2 2 4 8 16 1
(a b)(c a)(x a) (a b)(b c)(x b) = + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 +
x 1 x +1 x +1 x +1 x 1
2
x 1
c
+ 2x 2 + 2x 2
2 2
(c a)(b c)(x c) = + 4
4
+ 8
8
+
16
+
1
(x + 1)(x 1) x + 1 x + 1 x16 1 x 1
2 2
a b c
= 4
(a b)(c a)(x a) (a b)(b c)(x b) (c a)(b c)(x c) 4 8 16 1
= + 4 + 8 + 16 +
a(b c)(x b)(x c) b (c a)(x a)(x c) c(a b)(x a)(x b) x 1 x +1 x +1
4
x 1 x 1
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) (x a) (x b)(x c) 4x 4 + 4x 4
4
8 16 1
4
= + 8 + 16 +
(x 1)(x + 1) x +1 x 1 x1
4 4
GLv‡b, je
= a(b c)(x bx cx + bc) b(c a) 8
2
8 16 1
= + 8 + 16 +
(x ax cx + ca) c(a b)(x ax bx + ab)
2 2 x 1 x +1 x 1
8
x 1
8x 8 + 8x 8
4 8
= a(b c) {x (b + c) x + bc} b(c a){x x(c + a) + ca}
2 2
16 1
= + 16 +
(x + 1)(x 1) x 1 x1
8 8
c(a b){x x(a + b) + ab}
2
= ax (b c) + a(b c)(b + c) x abc (b c)
2 16 16 1
= + 16 +
x 1
16
x 1 x 1
bx (c a) + b(c a)(c + a) x abc(c a) cx (a b)
2 2
1
+ c(a b)(a + b)x abc (a b) = (Ans.)
x1
= x {a(b c) + b(c a) + c(a b)} + x {a(b c )
2 2 2
+ b (c a ) + c(a b )} abc (b c + c a + a b)
2 2 2 2
= x (ab ca + bc ab + ca bc) + x (a b)
2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 52
5x + 4 mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
(a)
x(x + 2)
(0) 9.0 6 = A(0 2)(0 + 3) + B.0(0 + 3) + C.0 (0 2)
2
5x + 4 A B
g‡b Kwi, ≡ + .......... (i) ev, 6 = 6A
x(x + 2) x x + 2
ev, A = 1
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x + 2) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
A=1
5x + 4 ≡ A(x + 2) + B(x) ............. (ii)
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
2 9.2 6 = A(2 2)(2 + 3) + B.2 (2 + 3) + C.2 (2 2)
2
5.0 + 4 = A(0 + 2) + B 0
ev, 4 = 2A ev, 4 18 6 = 10B
ev, 2A = 4 ev, 10B = 20
A=2 B=2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB, Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
( 3) 9( 3) 6 = A( 3 2)( 3 + 3) + B ( 3 )( 3 + 3)
2
5.( 2) + 4 = A( 2 + 2) + B ( 2)
ev, 2B = 6 + C( 3)( 3 2)
B=3 ev, 9 + 27 6 = 0 + 0 + 15C
GLb, A Ges B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)G ewm‡q cvB, ev, 15C = 30
5x + 4 2 3 C=2
= + ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
x(x + 2) x x + 2 GLb A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
x 9x 6
2
x+2 1 2 2
(b) 2 = + ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
x 7x + 12 x(x 2)(x + 3) x x 2 x + 3
x+2 x+2
x 4x 7
2
GLv‡b, = 2
x 7x + 12 x 4x 3x + 12
2
(d) 2
(x + 1)(x + 4)
x+2
=
x(x 4) 3(x 4)
x 4x 7
2
A Bx + C
(x + 2) g‡b Kwi, 2 ≡ + 2 (i)
= (x + 1)(x + 4) x + 1 x +4
(x 3)(x 4)
2
(x + 2) A B mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x + 4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
g‡b Kwi, ≡ + ........... (i)
(x 3)(x 4) x 3 (x 4) x 4x 7 ≡ A(x + 4) + (Bx + C)(x + 1) (ii)
2 2
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x 3)(x 4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
x + 2 ≡ A(x 4) + B(x 3) ............... (ii) ( 1)2 4( 1) 7 = A{( 1) + 4} + {B( 1) + C} ( 1 + 1)
2
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, ev, 1 + 4 7 = 5A
3 + 2 = A(3 4) + B(3 3) ev, 5 7 = 5A
ev, A = 5 ev, 2 = 5A
A = 5 2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 4 ewm‡q cvB, A=
5
4 + 2 = A(4 4) + B(4 3) Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Gi x2 I x Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
B=6 A + B = 1 ............. (iii)
GLb, A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)G ewm‡q cvB, Ges B + C = 4........ (iv)
x+2 5 6 2
= + mgxKiY (iii)G A = ewm‡q cvB,
(x 3)(x 4) x 3 (x 4) 5
6 5 2
= ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| +B=1
(x 4) x 3 5
x 9x 6
2 2
(c) ev, B = 1 +
x(x 2)(x + 3) 5
g‡b Kwi, 7
B=
5
x 9x 6
2
A B C
≡ + + .......... (i) 7
x(x 2)(x + 3) x x2 x +3 mgxKiY (iv)G B =
5
ewm‡q cvB,
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x (x 2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, 7
+C=4
x 9x 6 ≡ A(x 2)(x + 3) + B.x(x + 3) + C.x (x 2)
2
5
............ (ii) 7
ev, C = 4
5
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 53
20 7 GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
ev, C =
5
P(x) = 7x 3x + 4x a + 12x
2 4 3
x
27
C= K. eûc`xwUi Av`k©iƒc †jL|
5
mgxKiY (i) G A, B Ges C Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, L. P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 2) n‡j a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
M. hw` Q(x) = 6x3 x2 5x + 2 Gi †ÿ‡Î Q = 0 nq, Z‡e P(x)
2 7 27 1
x2 4x 7 5 5
x
5 1 2 7x 2 2
= + 2 = +
2
(x + 1)(x + 4) x + 1 x + 4 5 x + 1 x2 + 4 Ges Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K `yBwU wbY©q Ki|
x2 4x 7 1 7x 27 2
= ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
(x + 1)(x2 + 4) 5 x2 + 4 x + 1
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 7x 3x + 4x a + 12x
2 4 3
2
x x Pj‡Ki eûc`x‡K x-Gi Nv‡Zi Aatµ‡g mvRv‡j eûc`xi Giƒc eY©bv‡K
(e) 2
(2x + 1)(x + 3) eûc`xwUi Av`k©iƒc e‡j|
g‡b Kwi,
P(x) Gi Av`k©iƒc n‡jv : 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2 3x a
2
x A B C
2≡ + + 2 ................... (i)
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 7x 3x + 4x a + 12x
2 4 3
(2x + 1)(x + 3) 2x + 1 x + 3 (x + 3) L.
2
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (2x + 1)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, (x + 2), P(x)–Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` P( 2) =
2 2
x ≡ A(x + 3) + B(x + 3)(2x + 1) + C(2x + 1) ......... (ii) 0 nq|
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, GLb, P ( 2)
= 7( 2) 3 ( 2) + 4( 2) a + 12( 2)
2 4 3
( 3) = A( 3 + 3) + B( 3 + 3){2( 3) + 1} + C{2( 3) + 1}
2 2
ev, 9 = 5C = 28 + 6 + 64 a 96
9 =2a
ev, C = †h‡nZz P( 2) = 0 myZivs, 2 a = 0
5
9 a = 2 (Ans.)
C=
5 M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = 6x x 5x + 2
3 2
1
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = †h‡nZz Q = 0, myZivs (2x 1), Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
ewm‡q cvB, 1
2 2
1 = A 1 + 3 + B 1 + 3 2 1 + 1 + C 2 1 + 1
2 2
GLb, Q(x) = 6x x 5x + 2
3 2
2 2 2 2 2
= 6x 3x + 2x x 4x + 2
3 2 2
1 + 62
ev, = A
1
2 + B.0 + C.0 = 3x (2x 1) + x(2x 1) 2(2x 1)
2
4
= (2x 1)(3x + x 2)
2
ev, = A
1 5 2
4 2 = (2x 1)(3x + 3x 2x 2)
2
1 25
ev, = A = (2x 1) {3x(x + 1) 2(x + 1)}
4 4
= (2x 1)(x + 1)(3x 2)
1
A= Avevi, P(x) = 7x 3x + 4x a + 12x3
2 4
25
= 4x + 12x + 7x 3x 2
4 3 2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi x2 Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB, [ a = 2]
P( 1) = 4( 1) + 12( 1) + 7( 1) 3 ( 1) 2
4 3 2
A + 2B = 1
ev, 2B = 1
1 = 4 12 + 7 + 3 2
25
= 14 14
25 1 =0
ev, 2B =
25
(x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
24
ev, B = GLb, 4x + 12x + 7x 3x 2
4 3 2
25 2
= 4x + 4x + 8x + 8x x x 2x 2
4 3 3 2 2
12
B=
= 4x (x + 1) + 8x (x + 1) x(x + 1) 2 (x + 1)
25 3 2
GLb, A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB, = (x + 1)(4x + 8x x 2)
3 2
1 12 9 = (x + 1){4x (x + 2) 1(x + 2)}
2
2
x 25 25 5
= (x + 1)(x + 2)(4x 1)
2
2= + + 2
(2x + 1)(x + 3) 2x + 1 x + 3 (x + 3)
= (x + 1)(x + 2){(2x) 1}
2
2
x 1 12 9
2= + 2; = (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x 1)
(2x + 1)(x + 3) 25(2x + 1) 25(x + 3) 5(x + 3)
P(x) I Q(x) Dfq eûc`xi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 1) I (2x 1)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 54
F(x, y z) = 4(a + b + c 3abc)
3 3 3
(Ans.)
F(a, b, c) : F(x, y z) = (a + b + c 3abc) : 4(a + b + c
3 3 3 3 3 3
x, y, z
F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3 3abc)
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) n‡jv GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| =1:4
L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges hw` F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 4
F(x, y, z) = 0, (x + y + z) 0 nq,
(x + 3), (x 9), (x + 27)
2 3
x
2 2 2
Z‡e †`LvI †h, (x + y + z ) = (xy + yz + zx)
(x 81)
4
M. hw` x = (b + c a), y = (c + a b), Ges z = (a + b c) nq, Z‡e K. DcwiD³ ivwk¸‡jv n‡Z GKwU cÖKZ
… g~j` fMœvsk Ges GKwU AcÖK…Z g~j`
†`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 4 fMœvsk †ei Ki|
3
x + 27
L. †K m¤¢ve¨ AvswkK fMœvs‡ki mgwóiƒ‡c Dc¯’vcb Ki|
x 9
2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3
GLb, ivwkwU‡Z x Gi cwie‡Z© y, y Gi cwie‡Z© z Ges z Gi cwie‡Z© x M. Dc‡ii cÖ_g, wØZxq Ges PZz_© ivwkmg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwki
ewm‡q cvB, mgwó‡K mijiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki|
F(y, z, x) = y + z + x3 3y.z.x
3 3
= x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3
x2 9
K. cÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk =
F(x, y, z) = F(y, z, x) = F(z, x, y) x3 + 27
†`Lv hv‡”Q PjK¸‡jv ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡jI ivwkwU GKB _v‡K| x4 81
Ges AcÖKZ
… g~j` fMœvsk =
myZivs F(x, y, z) n‡jv GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| x3 + 27
x + 27 x + 33
3 3
†`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3
L. L. cÖ`Ë fMœvsk 2 =
x 9 x2 32
= (x + y) 3xy(x + y) + z 3xyz
3 3
(x + 3)(x2 x 3 + 32)
=
= (x + y) + z 3xy(x + y + z)
3 3
(x + 3)(x 3)
= (x + y + z){(x + y) (x + y)z + z } 3xy(x + y + z) x2 3x + 9
2 2
=
= (x + y + z)(x + 2xy + y zx yz + z ) 3xy (x + y + z)
2 2 2 x3
= (x + y + z)(x + 2xy + y + z zx yz 3xy)
2 2 2 x(x 3) + 9
=
x3
= (x + y + z)(x + y + z xy yz zx)
2 2 2
x (x 3) 9 9
cÖkœvbymv‡i F(x, y, z) = 0 = + =x+ (Ans.)
(x 3) x 3 x3
ev, x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = 0
1
ev, (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx) = 0 M. cÖ_g ivwk (x + 3) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk
x+3
ev, x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx = 0 [ x + y + z 0] 1
wØZxq ivwk (x 9) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk 2
2
x + y + z = xy + yz + zx
2 2 2 x 9
1
†`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz ........ (i)
3 3 3
Ges PZz_© ivwk (x 81) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk 4
4
M.
x 81
F(a, b, c) = a + b + c 3abc
3 3 3
¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk¸‡jvi mgwó
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB,
1 1 1
F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz
3 3 3 = + +
x + 3 x2 9 x4 81
1
= (x + y + z){x y) + (y z) + (z x) }
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 = + +
x + 3 x2 9 (x2)2 (9)2
1
= (b + c a + c + a b + a + b c){(b + c a c a 1 1 1
2 = + +
x + 3 x2 9 (x2 + 9)(x2 9)
+ b) + (c + a b a b + c) + (a + b c b c + a) }
2 2 2
2
1 x +9+1
[x, y, z Gi gvb ewm‡q] = +
x + 3 (x2 9)(x2 + 9)
1
(a + b + c){(2b 2a) + (2c 2b) + (2a 2c) }
2 2 2
= (x 3)(x + 9) + x + 10
2 2
2
=
(x 9)(x + 9)
2 2
1
= (a + b + c)[{ 2(a b)} + { 2 (b c)} + { 2(c a)} ]
2 2 2
x + 9x 3x 27 + x + 10
2 3 2 2
=
(x 9)(x + 9)
2 2
1
= (a + b + c){4(a b) + 4(b c) + 4(c a) }
2 2 2
2
x 2x + 9x 17
3 2
1 = (Ans.)
x 81
4
= 4. (a + b + c){(a b) + (b c) + (c a) }
2 2 2
2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 55
3 2 2
(x + 1) y + (y + 1) Ges aªæe c` = y + 3y + 1
2
K. x Pj‡Ki eûc`xi Av`k© AvKv‡i eY©bv Ki Ges x Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c Zvi gvÎv, L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1)3y + (y + 1)
3 2 2
gyL¨ mnM I aªæe c` wbY©q Ki| = (x + 3x + 3x + 1) y + y + 2y + 1
3 2 2
L. y Pj‡Ki eûc`xi Av`k© AvKv‡i eY©bv Ki Ges y Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c Zvi gvÎv, = x y + 3x y + 3xy + y + y + 2y + 1
gyL¨ mnM I aªæe c` wbY©q Ki| 2 3 2
= y + (x + 3x + 3x + 3) y + 1; GwU y Pj‡Ki Av`k© AvKvi|
M. x I y Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c we‡ePbv K‡i Zvi gvÎv wbY©q Ki| GLv‡b, y Pj‡Ki gvÎv = 2
gyL¨ mnM = 1
3 2 Ges aªæe c` = 1
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1) y + (y + 1)
2
= (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) y + y2 + 2y + 1 M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1)3y + (y + 1)
3 2 2
= x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + y + y2 + 2y + 1 = (x + 3x + 3x + 1) y + y + 2y + 1
3 2 2
= x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + (y2 + 3y +1) GwU x Pj‡Ki Av`k© AvKvi| = x y + 3x y + 3xy + y + 3y + 1;
GLv‡b, x Pj‡Ki gvÎv = 3 GLv‡b x I y Gi Nv‡Zi †hvMd‡ji m‡e©v”P gvb 4 hv x3y c‡` cvIqv hvq|
gyL¨ mnM = y ivwkwU‡K x I y Pj‡Ki eûc`x we‡ePbv Ki‡j eûc`xwUi gvÎv 4.
¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
x6 + 3x5 + 2x4 5 P(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz P(1, 1, 2)
K5 1 M3 N6 0 L2
P(x, y) = x + y2 2xy
2
P(1, 2) M4 N 16
K9 L1 1 N9 x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz
x3 + 2x2 + 2x + a (x + 1) a i. (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx)
K5 L1 1 N5 ii. (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx)
x + x + 7x2 a (x 2) 1
iii. (x + y + z) {(x y)2 + (y z)2 + (z x)2}
4 3
a
2
K 44 L 48 M 50 52
K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
a+b+c=0 a3 + b3 + c3
K0 L (a b) (b c) (c a)
K p3 + p2q + q4 p2 + pq + q2
3abc N abc
M p3 + 3pq + q2 N p3 + pq2 + 3q2
2 2 2
x + y + z + xy + yz + zx
eûc`x x3 + 2x2 ax 6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 3)|
i. PµµwgK
ii. cÖwZmg
K6 1 M2 N3
iii. mggvwÎK eûc`x
a
K 13 5 M5 N 17 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
p
1
P(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 7x + 8
(x + 1) I (x 2) L (x + 1) I (x + 2) 2
M (x 1) I (x + 2) N (x 1) I (x 2) 21 43 53 63
K M N
[ h. †ev. Õ15 ] 8 8 8 4
x3
Ka b +c
2 2 2
L a b + ab + b2c
2 2
x 9
2
M xy + yz zx x2y + y2z + z2 + x
9 x
A = {x : x 4 = 0}, B = {x : x2 x 6 = 0}
2
AB Kx+
x2 9
Lx+
x2 9
9x 1
K { 2, 3, 2} x+ 2 Nx+ 2
{ 2} x 9 x 9
M { 3} N {2} P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2 ax + 6 x2 6
2x3 + x2 + ax + 18 (x + 2) a a
K 35 32 M 30 N 36
K 15 L3 3 N 15 P(x) = 36x 8x + 5
2
(x 1)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 56
K 49 L 41 33 N 23 P(x)
y 3y + 5y4 7
5 6
y- Kx3 Lx+1 Mx2 x1
i. gvÎv 6 x
ii. gyL¨c` 3y6 3
4x4 5x3y2 + 7 L 5x3 + +8
iii. aªæec` 7 x
1 3 2
M x + 2+9 N 4x 4 2x2 + 12
3 x
K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(x) = 2x3 + 6x2 6x + a, x 1 a
P(x) = 2x 9x + 6
2
(x 4)
2 L1 M1 N2
K4 2 M1 N2
P(x) = 18x + 15x x 2
3 2
(x) = x 7x + 12
2
x (x) = 0
K 2x 1 3x 1 M 3x + 1 N 3x 2
K 3, 4 L 3, 4 3, 4 N 3, 4
a+b+c=0
P(x) = 3x + 2x 7x + 8
3 2
P( 2)
i. a3 + b3 + r3 = 3abc
K 22 L 10 6 N 10
1 1 1
ii. = =
a b c
P(x) = 2x3 5x2 + 6x 3 iii. (a + b)3 + 3abc = c1
P(x) (x 3)
K 120 L 30 M 24 24 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
P
b
M P
b
N P
GK Pj‡Ki eûc`x a
K P(a)
a a b
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi p p
Cx C x (mnR)
mnM L gvÎv M †eR N aªæe c`
(mnR) Cx
p
p (mnR)
K aªæeK PjK M †Wv‡gb N gyL¨ c` K mnM gvÎv M †eR N aªæe c`
(mnR)
(mnR) mggvwÎK eûc`x L cÖwZmg
K gyL¨c` eûc`xi gvÎv M eûc`x N Pµ-µwgK
M aªæeK N PjK
(mnR)
K aªæeK aªæe c` M PjK N gyL¨ c` (mnR)
P(x) Q(x) x K AcÖwZmg ivwk cÖwZmg ivwk
(mnR) M mggvwÎK ivwk N Pµ-µwgK ivwk
K gyL¨c` A‡f` a + b + c 3abc
3 3 3
(mnR)
M eûc`x Awfbœ N gyL¨ mnM
(a + b + c)(a + b + c ab bc ca)
2 2 2
(mnR)
L (a b c)(a + b + c ab bc ca)
2 2 2
L M≡ N 2 2 2
M (a + b + c)(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca)
P(x) a 2 2 2
N (a + b + c)(a + b + c + 3abc)
P(x) (x a) (mnR) 3 3 3
a+b+c=0 a +b +c = (ga¨g)
N P
1 1
P(a) La M
a a K 3ab 3abc M abc N3
P(x) = x 5x + 6 (x 4)
2
P(x)
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
g~j` fMœvsk L cÖK…Z fMœvsk
K4 2 M3 Nx+2
P(x) a0 P(x) (ax + M AvswkK fMœvsk N AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
b) (mnR)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 57
(mnR) cÖKZ
… L AcÖK…Z M AvswkK N Ag~j`
AvswkK fMœvsk L g~j` fMœvsk
M cÖK…Z fMœvsk N AcÖK…Z fMœvsk (mnR)
(mnR) K cÖK…Z AcÖKZ
… M AvswkK N Ag~j`
gyL¨ mnM L aªæec` M mnM N aªæeK 9x
(mnR)
(x 3)(x + 3)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖKZ
… fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
i. eûc`xi Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` ejv nq M wgkª fMœvsk N RwUj fMœvsk
ii. eûc`x‡Z c`mg~‡ni Mwiô gvÎv‡K eûc`xi gvÎv ejv nq 3
ax + bx + cx + d
2
a, b, c, d
iii. GK gvÎvhy³ c`‡K aªæec` ejv nq (mnR)
(mnR)
K PjK L †Wv‡gb
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M exRMvwYwZK ivwk aªæeK
p q
Cx y 3
x + 2x + 2x + 1
2
(KwVb)
p q
i. C n‡jv x y Gi mnM K (x 1)(x + x + 1)
2
L (x + 1)(x x + 1)
2
ii. p + q n‡”Q c‡`i gvÎv
N (x 1)(x x + 1)
2 2
(x + 1)(x + x + 1)
iii. p q n‡”Q c‡`i gvÎv
x5 A B
(mnR) + A
(x + 3)(x 1) x+3 x1
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (KwVb)
i. PjKewR©Z c`wU‡K aªæec` e‡j K3 L1 M1 2
3
ii. x y, GLv‡b x I y Pj‡Ki gvÎv 4 (mnR)
iii. Pj‡Ki Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` e‡j K exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY exRMvwYwZK ivwk
(mnR) M exRMvwYwZK AmgZv N exRMvwYwZK cÖZxK
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 2 fv‡M L 3 fv‡M M 4 fv‡M N 5 fv‡M
(mnR)
K gvÎv gyL¨c` M gyL¨ mnM N NvZ I gvÎv
hw` P(x) = 3x + 2x 7x + 8 nq
3 2
P(x) = 36x 8x + 5 (2x 1)
2
x 0 P(0) (ga¨g)
(mnR)
K4 8 M6 N5
K P
1
(ga¨g) 10 M 16 N 20
2
K3 L2 M7 8
P(x) P(x) 2x 1
(x 1) y + (y + 1) GKwU ivwk|
3 2
(mnR)
1
P N P
1
K P(1) L P(1)
x (mnR) 2 2
x y 3x y + 3xy + y + y + 1
3 2 2
2x 3x + 1
2
(KwVb)
2 2
L 3xy + 3x y + 3xy + y K (2x + 1)(x + 1) (2x 1)(x 1)
M 3x y 3x y + 6xy + y + y + 1
3 2 2
M (x + 1)(2x 1) N (x 1)(2x + 1)
N 3x2y 3xy2 + 4xy + y2 y + 1 a 7a 6
3
(KwVb)
x (mnR) K (a 1)(a 2)(a 3) L (a 1)(a + 2)(a 3)
K3Ix L2Iy (a + 1)(a + 2)(a 3) N (a 1)(a 2)(a 3)
3Iy N 3 I (y2 + 3y + 1) x3 + 4x2 + 72 (KwVb)
x y (ga¨g) Kx+2 Lx+3 x+6 Nx+4
K1 L2 M3 4 (mnR)
2 2 2
`yB I wZb Pj‡Ki eûc`x K 2x + xy + y Lx +x+y
M x2 + y2 + y x2 + xy + y2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 2x 5x 5x + 2
4 3
(ga¨g)
Kx+1 x1 Mx+2 Nx2
x x 12
4 2
(mnR) (KwVb)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 58
K (x + 2)2(a2 3) L (a 2)2(a2 3) 2 2
iii. ax + by + cz Pµ-µwgK ivwk
2
M (a + 2)(a2 + 3) (a + 2)(a 2)(a2 + 3) (ga¨g)
a2 b2 c2 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
+ + =
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
P(x) = x x 2
2
(ga¨g)
i. (x + 1) ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K
1 L 1 M0 Na+b+c
ii. x = 2 Gi Rb¨ ivwkwUi gvb k~b¨
F(x, y) = 8x + y 4x + 7xy + 2y 5
3 3 2
F(1, 0) =
iii. G‡K (x 4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl 10 nq
(ga¨g)
(ga¨g)
K8 L4 M7 1
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
F(x, y, z) = x + y + z 3xyz F(1, 1, 2) =
3 3 3
(ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
1 L1 M0 N3
2
px + qx + r (mnR)
Kp Lq Mr x 5x + 2 A B
+
(x + 2) (3x 2) x + 2 3x 2
rm
3
F(x) = px + qx + r
x= A=1 (KwVb)
(ga¨g)
2 3
2
3 2
pm + qm + r L px + qmx + r L
3
M
2
N2
2 2
M pm + qm + r N px + mx + r 2
F(x) = 5x + 6x ax + 6
3 2
x2 a x= B (KwVb)
3
(ga¨g) K3 L 2 2 N3
K5 L6 35 N6 (ga¨g)
4 3 2
F(x) = x + 3x + 5x + 8x + 5 2 1 1 3
K + L +
(KwVb) x + 2 3x 2 3x 2 x + 2
Kx1 Lx5 Mx+5 x+1 1 2 1 2
+ N
x + 2 3x 2 x + 2 3x 2
x (mnR)
2 3 fvM‡kl I Drcv`K Dccv`¨
K 4x L 4x M 2
4
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
2(1 + 2x)(1 2x) (mnR)
P(x) = 32x 16x + 8x + 7
4 2
8 L2 M4 N8
i. P(0) = 7 5y 3y + 2y 3x 4 (mnR)
ii. P(1) = 31
K5 L4 3 N2
iii. P( 1) = 15
x (3 2x x )
2 3
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
K3 1 M1 N3
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
3x x x 2x +x
3 4 6 5 2
(mnR)
i. P(x) †K (x a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
2 L3 M4 N6
ii. P(x) = x3 8x2 + 6x + 60 †K (x + 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl
2 (1 + 2x)(1 2x) (ga¨g)
n‡e 8
8 L2 M4 N8
iii. hw` P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K x a nq, Z‡e P(a) = 0
x x 2 x6 2
2 7
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
x 3
Lx 7
Mx 6
Nx
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
9x 2 = bx + a a (ga¨g)
i. x + 2x 5x 6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x 1)
3 2
K9 L2 M2 9
ii. a a 10a 8 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (a + 1)
3 2
Q(y) = x 5y + 6
2
y Q(y) = 2
iii. 2a 3a + 3a 1 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (2a 1)
3 2
(KwVb)
(ga¨g)
K2 4 M5 N6
K i I ii L i I iii ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A(x) = x 4x + 4x 4 x 3)
3 2
A(x)
a = 2, b = 3 c=2
(KwVb)
2
i. ax + bx + c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
K2 L1 M0 1
2 2
ii. ax + bcxy + cy cÖwZmg ivwk 18x + 15x x 2
3 2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 59
(KwVb) K5 L 1 7 N3
K { 2, 2} L { 2} {1, 1, 2, 2} N {1, P(y) = y 8x + 6y + 60
3 2
y +2
1} (mnR)
(mnR) K6 8 M 72 N 12
K 2x + xy + y
2 2
Lx +x+y
2
x 1, x4 4x3 + 6x2 a a
2
Mx +y +y
2 2
x + xy + y
2
( ga¨g)
Q(x) = ax2 + 2bx + c (x 1) 3 L4 M 3 N1
2 2 2
(KwVb) x + y + z + xy + yz + zx
2
K a + 2b + c = 0 La+b+c=0 mnR)
M 2a + b + c = 0 a + 2b + c = 0 2 2 2
K x + y + z + xy + yz + zx L y + z x2 xy +
2 2
P(x) = 2x 7x + 5
2 zx + yz
P(2) = (ga¨g)
K2 1 M1 N4 M x2 y2 z2 xy yz zx z2 + y2 + x2 + zx +
3 yx + yz
x
(mnR) 4x3 + 2x2 + 1
x 9
2
ga¨g)
2x3 + 3
9 x 9x 1
Kx+ Lx+ 2 x+ 2 Nx+ 2 K4 L2 2 N3
x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9
2
2
(x + 2) (x + 1) (ga¨g)
9x
(mnR) K (x4 + x3 + 2x + 2) L (x2 + x + 2)
(x + 3)(x 3) 3 2
M x + x + 3x + 2 x3 + x2 + 2x + 2
cÖKZ
… L AcÖK…Z M wgkª N AvswkK
x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx (mnR)
a(b c ) + b(c a ) + c(a b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
K GKgvwÎK L GKgvwÎK cÖwZmg
(KwVb)
mggvwÎK cÖwZmg N mggvwÎK
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) L (a b)(b c)(c a)
x4 5x3 + 7x2 a (x 2) a=
M (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) N 2abc(a2 b2 c2)
(ga¨g)
5x2y + 6y2z + 12z2x 8xyz x, y, z
K6 4 M3 N 4
(ga¨g)
P(x) = 4x 12x + 7x + 3x 2
4 3 2
K1 L2 3 N4
P
1
x 5x + 7x a
4 3 2
(x 2) a = ?(ga¨g) (2x + 1)
2 (ga¨g)
K6 4 M3 N4 1
0 L M4 N 12
4x + 6x + 3x x + x + 3
5 4 3 2
(mnR) 2
K5 L4 M2 3 (ga¨g)
bc(b c) + ca(c a) + ab(a b) a+1 2
a +1 a2 3
a +1
L M N 2
( KwVb) a2 + 1 a+1 a+1 a +1
K (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) L (a b)(b c)(c a) y3 8y2 + 6y + 60 y+2
(a b)(b c)(c a) N (a + b + c)(b c)(c a) (KwVb)
P(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc P(0, 1, 2) K6 8 M 75 N 112
(ga¨g) fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv eûc`x Q(y) = y3 8y2 + 6y
K 18 9 M 12 N3 + 60 †K y + 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl Q ( 2)
P(x) = 3x3 4x2 + 4x 3 P(1) = (ga¨g) = ( 2)3 8( 2)2 + 6( 2) + 60
K1 L 1 M3 0 = 8 32 12 + 60
P(x) = 2x 3x + 2x 1
3 2
(mnR) = 52 + 60
2 L3 M1 N4 =8
eûc`xi Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`wU‡K gyL¨ c` e‡j Ges gyL¨ c‡`i P(x) Q(x) x
mnM‡K gyL¨ mnM e‡j| (mnR)
x Pj‡Ki eûc`x 2x3 3x2 + 2x 1 K †f` A‡f` M Drcv`K N cÖwZmg
x Gi m‡e©v”P NvZ 3 hy³ c`wU 2x3
3
P(x) = ax + bx + c ; P(x) xm
2x3 gyL¨ c`| (ga¨g)
myZivs gyL¨ mnM 2 K ax + b + c L ax + bx + c2
M bx + c am3 +
P(x) = 6x2 2x + 3 (x 1) bm + c
(ga¨g) P(x) = 5x2 + 6x2 ax + 6 (x 2) 6
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 60
a= (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2 32 M 12 N 20 3x + 2x 7x + 8
3 2
1 i. gvÎv 3
(ga¨g)
x2(x2 + 1)2 ii. aªæeK x
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
K + 2 2 iii. P(0) = 8
x x x +1 x2 x2 + 1 (x2 + 1)
(ga¨g))
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
M 2 2 N 2+ 2 K i I ii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii
x x x +1 x x + 1 (x2 + 1)
(x2 + 2) (x + 1)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. ¸Ydj x + x + 2x + 2
3 2
x2 + y2 + z2 ii. gyL¨ mnM 3
i. cÖwZmg ivwk iii. P(1) = 6
ii. mggvwÎK eûc`x (KwVb)
iii. Pµ-µwgK ivwk K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(mnR) 1 2
a +a+1
+ (KwVb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii (a b)(a c) (a b)(a c)
y y + 2y 2 5 5 i. cÖ_g fMœvskwU g~j`
i. c` msL¨v 3 ii. wØZxq fMœvskwU g~j`
ii. aªæe‡Ki gvb - 1 2a2 ab + bc ca + a + 1
iii. mijgvb
iii. y Gi mnM 4 (a b)(a c)
(mnR)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x x +xx
5 2 5 2
P(x) Q(x) x
i. gvÎv 7 i. G‡`i mgZv‡K A‡f` ejv nq
3
ii. x Gi mnM 1 ii. Zv †evSv‡Z A‡bK mgq P(x) Q(x) †jLv nq|
iii. Zv †evSv‡Z A‡bK mgq P(x) = Q(x) †jLv nq|
iii. aªæec` †bB
(KwVb)
(mnR)
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
2 x5 x2 3x2 + x3 2 x Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. gyL¨ c‡`i mnM 2
4 2
ii. gyL¨ c` 2x P(x) = x + 3x + 2
iii. gvÎv 3 (ga¨g)
(mnR) K (x + 3)(x + 4) (x + 1)(x + 2)
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M (x 1)(x 2) N (x + 3)(x 2)
7x2 5x + 6 = ax2 + cx + b (mnR)
i. b = 6 2 L1 M3 N4
ii. c = 5 x=1 P(x) = ? (ga¨g)
iii. a = 7 K1 L2 M3 0
(mnR)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii P(x) = 32x4 16x2 + 8x + 7 GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
3x5 6x4 + 3x3 + x 8 x P(1) (mnR)
i. gvÎv 4 K 63 L 47 31 N1
ii. gyL¨ c` 3x5 P(x) 2x 1 (ga¨g)
iii. gyL¨ mnM 3 9 L 11 M 13 N 19
(ga¨g))
8x3 + y3 2xy
K8 3 M2 N2 K P(1) P(2) M P(3) N P(4)
P(x) = 3x + 2x 7x + 8
3 2
P(0) P(x) = x 6x + 11x 6
3 2
P(x)
8 L3 M2 N2
P(x) = 3x 4x + 4x 3
3 2
P(x) (x 2) K (x + 3) L (x + 2)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 61
M (x + 1) (x 1) x2(y z) + y2(z x) + z2(x y)
i. PµµwgK
2
K 2x + 3xy + y 2
2x + 2xy + 2y
2 2
ii. cÖwZmg
M x2 + 3xy + 2y2 N 4x2 + xy + 3y2 iii. mggvwÎK
x2y + y2z + z2x
K y2z z2x + x2y L y2z + z2x x2y K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M y2x + z2x + x2y y2z + z2x + x2y P(x) = x x 2 n‡j,
2
x (y z) + y (z x) + z (x y)
2 2 2
i. (x + 1) ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K
ii. x = 2 Gi Rb¨ ivwkwUi gvb k~b¨
K x2(y z) + z2(z x) + y2(y z) iii. G‡K (x 4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq 10
L y2(x z) + x2(z y) + z2(y x)
z2(x y) + y2((z x) + x2(y z) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
N x2(y + z) + y2(z + x) + z2(x + y)
bc(b c) + ca(c a) + ab(a b) P(x) = 32x4 16x2 + 8x + 7 GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
P(1)
K (a b) (b c) (c a) L (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) K 63 L 47 31 N1
(a b) (b c) (c a) N (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) P(x) 2x 1
P(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz P(1, 1, 1) = 9 L 11 M 13 N 19
K0 4 M1 N2
a x4 5x2 + 7x2 a x 5x 7 A B
= + ; A I B g~j`|
2. (x 1)(x 2) x 1 x 2
K1 L2 M3 4 A=
2xy + y = 3 K1 2 M3 N4
K (1, 1), (2, 1) L (1, 1), (2, 1) B=
(1, 1), ( 2, 1) N ( 1, 1), (2, 1) K1 L2 3 N4
y = x2 x + 6
Ky x M x2 x N6x 2 3 2 3
+ L +
x1 x2 x+1 x+2
K †MŠYc` L gyL¨ mnM gyL¨c` N aªæec` 2 3 2 3
M + N +
x1 x+2 x+1 x2
x
3x
K 7x2 2 M N 4x 5x2 4x4y4 2 GKwU eûc`x|
x
Variable
K mPj L APj Pjivwk N Pjgvb K2 L3 M4 8
Kx+y+1 L2+y+z K3 L2 4 N1
M3+x+z 4x + 2y + 3z
x2 + y2 + z2 x2 + 4x2 + x a ivwki GKwU Drcv`K (x 1)
i. cÖwZmg ivwk a Gi gvb KZ?
ii. mggvwÎK ivwk K2 L4 6 N8
iii. Pµ-µwgK ivwk
1 L1 M2 N4
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
Y Y + 2Y 2 5 + 5 i. x + 1
i. c` msL¨v 3 ii. x + 2
ii. aªæe‡Ki gvb 1 iii. x + 3
iii. y Gi mnM 4
K i I ii L i I iii ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 62
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (mnR)
Ki L ii M iii i, ii I iii
P(x) x2 5x + 6 x4 Pµ-µwgK ivwki msÁv Abyhvqx (i), (ii) I (iii) mwVK|
i. fvM‡kl 2
i. x2 y2 + z2 ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk
ii. fvM‡kl P ( 4) Gi mgvb ii. x2y + y2z + z2x ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk
iii. fvM‡kl P (4) Gi mgvb iii. eY©bvi myweav‡_© x, y, z Pj‡Ki ivwk‡K F(x, y, z) AvKv‡ii cÖZxK
(ga¨g) Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq
K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (ga¨g)
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ n‡Z Rvwb, P(x) eûc`x‡K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j K i I ii ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
fvM‡kl P(a) Gi mgvb| G‡ÿ‡Î fvM‡kl n‡e P(4) = 42 5 4 + 6 = i. hw` P(x) eûc`xi x 6 GKwU Drcv`K nq, Z‡e P(6) = 1
2 ii. hw` P(x) abvZ¥K gvÎvi eûc`x nq Ges a 0 nq, Z‡e P(x) †K ax +
myZivs i I iii mwVK|
b
b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P
P(x) Q(x) x a n‡e
i. G‡`i mgZv‡K A‡f` e‡j iii. abvZ¥K gvÎvi †h‡Kv‡bv eûc`xi x 1 GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw`I
ii. P(x) Q(x) †jLv hvq †Kej hw` eûc`xwUi mnMmg~‡ni mgwó 0 nq
iii. G‡ÿ‡Î P(x) I Q(x) eûc`x `yBwU wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i (ga¨g)
K i I ii ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. P(x) †K (x a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
msÁvbyhvqx i I ii mwVK| ii. P(x) = x3 8x2 + 6x + 60 †K (x + 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e
P(x) Q(x) n‡j P(x) I Q(x) eûc`x `yBwU Awfbœ nq| 8|
ZvB iii mwVK bq iii. hw` P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K x a nq, Z‡e P(a) = 0
i. hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e a2 + b2 + c2 = 3abc. (ga¨g)
x y z K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii i, ii I iii
ii. p(x, y, z) = + + ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK
y z x
(i) mwVK, fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ cÖwZÁv-1 Abyhvqx|
1 2 4 1
iii. + + Gi mij gvb (ii) mwVK, x + 2 x (2)
1 + x 1 + x2 x4 1 x1
(ga¨g) P(2) = (2)3 8(2)2 + 6(2) + 60
= 8 32 12 + 60 = 60 52 = 8
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii
fvM‡kl = 8.
i. wZbwU Pj‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZmg ivwk Pµ-µwgK
(iii) mwVK, Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ cÖwZÁv Abymv‡i|
ii. cÖ‡Z¨K Pµ-µwgK ivwk, cÖwZmg bq
i. x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx
iii. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZmg ivwk Pµ-µwgK
ii. x2 (y z) + y2(z x) + z(x y)
x y z
K i I ii L i I iii ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. + +
y z x
x (y z) + y (z x) + z (x y)
2 2 2
(ga¨g)
i. exRMvwYwZK i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii
ii. Pµ-µwgK GKvwaK PjK aviYKvix †Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU
iii. cÖwZmg Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Z‡e H ivwkwU‡K
(ga¨g) H PjKmg~‡ni cÖwZmg ivwk e‡j| AZGe, cÖwZmg ivwki msÁv
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Abyhvqx (i) mwVK|
a = 2, b = 3 c=2 i. 5x + 9ay GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
i. ax2 + bx + c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk ii. 13x 14y2 + a + 8 GKwU cvwU©MvwYwZK ivwk
ii. ax2 + bcxy + cy2 cÖwZmg ivwk iii. eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi exRMvwYwZK ivwk
iii. ax2 + by2 + cz2 Pµ-µwgK ivwk (mnR)
(KwVb) K i I ii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. abvZ¥K gvÎvi †h‡Kv‡bv eûc`xi x 1 GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` I †Kej
iii mwVK bq; 2x + 3y2 + 2z2 ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK bq|
2
eûc`xwUi mnMmg~‡ni mgwó k~b¨ nq
i. x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx ii. P(x) = x3 6x2 + 11x 6 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY n‡j (x 1)
ii. x2(y z) + y2 (z x) + z(x y) (x 2) (x 3).
x y z
iii. + +
y z x
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 63
iii. P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d eûc`xi (x 1) GKwU Drcv`K n‡j x=1 P(x) = (ga¨g)
a = b = c = d. 0 L1 M 1 N 24
(ga¨g) (KwVb)
i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K (x 1) (x 2) L (x + 1) (x + 2)
i. eûc`x‡Z Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` ejv nq (x 1) (x 2) (x 3) N (x 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
ii. eûc`x‡Z c`mg~‡ni Mwiô gvÎv‡K eûc`xi gvÎv ejv nq 2 4 8 16
P(x) = + + +
iii. GK gvÎvhy³ c`‡K aªæec` ejv nq 1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1
(ga¨g)
i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii P(x)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 2 4 8 16
K L 4 N
x2 1 x 1 x8 1 x16 1
P(x) = x3 6x2 + 11x 6 1
+ P(x)
1+x
(mnR) 1 1 2 2
K M N
K1 L3 M6 6
x+1 x1 x+2 x2
¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb
x, y, z F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz. a = 1 " P(1) = 10 1 15 + 9 0
a = n‡j P = 10 + 15 + 9
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU PµµwgK ivwk| 2 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 8 4 2
L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges hw` F(x,
5 1 15
y, z) = 0, x + y + z 0 nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, = +9
4 4 2
x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx. 4 5 1 30 + 36
M. hw` x = b + c a, y = c + a b I z = a + b =
4
c nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 36 + 36
=
4. 4 4
1 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 0
=
4
=0
P(x) = x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9 Q(x) = x3 + x2 6x. 1 1
myZivs x + = (2x + 1) A_©vr (2x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
[iv. †ev. Õ15] 2 2
K. P(x) †K x Pj‡Ki Av`k©iƒ‡c wj‡L Gi gyL¨mnM wbY©q GLb, 10x3 x2 + 15x + 9
Ki| 2 = 10x3 + 5x2 6x2 3x + 18x + 9
L. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = 5x2(2x + 1) 3x(2x + 1) + 9(2x + 1)
x2 + x 1 = (2x + 1) (5x2 3x + 9)
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 P(x) = (2x + 1)(5x2 3x + 9)
Q(x)
2 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = x3 + x2 6x
= x(x2 + x 6)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9
= x(x2 + 3x 2x 6)
GLb P(x) †K x Pj‡Ki Av`k©iƒ‡c wjL‡j n‡e,
= x(x(x + 3) 2(x + 3)}
P(x) = 10x3 x2 + 15x + 9
= x(x + 3) (x 2)
P(x) Gi gyL¨ mnM n‡jv 10. (Ans.)
x2 + x 1
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, P(x) = 10x3 x2 + 15x + 9
Q(x)
P(x) Gi aªæec` 9 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU f1 = {1, 1, 3 3, 9, x2 + x 1
=
9} x(x + 3)(x 2)
P(x) Gi g~L¨mnM 10 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU f2 = {1, 1, 2, 2, 5, x2 + x 1 A B c
awi, = + + ...............(i)
5, 10 10} x(x 2)(x + 3) x x2 x + 3
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x 2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
GLb, P(a) we‡ePbv Kwi, †hLv‡b a = Ges f1, s f2
4 x2 + x 1 A(x 2)(x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + cx(x 2) .....(ii)
a = 1 n‡j P(1) = 10 1 + 15 + 9 0 hv x Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 64
GLb mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB, L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
02 + 0 1 = A(0 2) (0 + 3) + B.0(0 + 3) + c.0(0 2) GLv‡b, aªæe msL¨v = 4
ev, 1 = A( 2). 3 + 0 + 0 myZvs aªæec‡`i Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU n‡Z cv‡i 1, 2, 4
ev, 1 = 6A x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
1 f(1) = (4)4 + 3(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4
ev, A =
6 =13+46+4
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB, =99
22 + 2 1 = A(2 2)(2 + 3) + B.2(2 + 3) + c.2(2 2) =0
ev, 4 + 2 1 = 0 + 10B + 0 (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
ev, 5 = 0 + 10B GLb, f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
5 1 = x4 + x3 + 2x3 + 2x2 + 2x2 + 2x + 4x + 4
B= =
10 2 = x3(x + 1) + 2x2(x + 1) + 2x(x + 1) + 4(x + 1)
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, = (x + 1)(x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 4)
(3)2 + (3) 1 = A( 3 2) ( 3 + 3) + B( 3)( 3 + 3) + = (x + 1){x2(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)}
c( 3)( 3 2). = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2)
ev, 9 3 1 = 0 + 0 + 15c kZ©g‡Z, f(x) = 0
ev, 5 = 15c (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) = 0
5 1 ev, x + 1 = 0
c= =
15 3 ev, x = 1
GLb, A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB, A_ev, x + 2 = 0
1 1 1 ev, x = 2
x2 + x 1 6 2 3
= + + A_ev, x2 + 2 = 0
x(x 2)(x + 3) x x 2 x + 3
1 1 1 ev, x = 2
= + + . hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq
6x 2(x 2) 3(x + 3)
hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| wb‡Y©q gvb x = 1, 2.
F(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 GKwU eûc`x| x x
M. =
f(x) x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
K. F(x) †K (2x + 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e x
Zv wbY©q Ki| 2 = [ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß]
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x2 + 1)
L. F(x) = 0 n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 g‡b Kwi,
x x A B C
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 = + + ............(i)
F(x) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x2 + 2) x + 1 x + 2 x2 + 1
3 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb x A(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + B(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + C(x + 1)(x + 2)
ev, 2 =
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 2) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x2 + 2)
K. GLv‡b, fvR¨ f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
GLb Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x + 2) (x2 + 2) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
fvRK = (2x + 1)
x = A(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + B(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + C(x + 1)(x + 2) ..... (ii)
fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ cvB,
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ n‡Z mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
f(x) †K (2x + 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
0 = A + B ........................(iii)
f = + 3. + 4 + 6. + 4
1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 0 = 2A + B + C ...............(iv)
2 2 2 2 2
1 = 2A + 2B + 3C ............(v)
1 3 4 6
= + +4 mgxKiY (iv) †K (iii) Øviv we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
16 8 4 2
A + C = 0 ................(vi)
1 3
= +13+4 GLb mgxKiY (iii) †K 2 Øviv ¸b K‡i (v) †K we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
16 8
1 3 3c = 1
= +2 1
16 8 ev, c =
3
1 6 + 32
= c Gi gvb mgxKiY (vi)-G ewm‡q cvB,
16
27 1
= A+ =0
16 3
27 1
wb‡Y©q fvM‡kl . A=
16 3
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 65
A Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB, M. (y) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
1 5 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
+B=0
3
y3 – 2y2 + 1
1 K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (y) =
B= y2 – 2y – 3
3
GLb, mgxKiY (i)-G A, B I C Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, – 13 – 2– 12 + 1
3 3
– =
1
1 1
1 3 12 1
x
=
3
+
3
+
3 – 3 – 2– 3 – 3
x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 x + 1 x + 2 x2 + 2
1 1 – 1 – 6 + 27
1 1 1 – – 2. + 1
= + 27 9 27
3(x + 1) 3(x + 2) 3(x2 + 2) =
1 2
=
1 + 6 – 27
1 1 1 + –3
= (Ans.) 9 3 9
3(x + 2) 3(x + 1) 3(x2 + 2)
20 9 1
= × =–
x+3 27 (– 20) 3
(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 P(x) = 2
x + 8x + 15
–
1 1
K. ( 2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 3 = – 3
L. P(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 L. hw` (y) = 0 nq,
M. hw` (a) †K (a x) Ges (a y) Øviv fvM Ki‡j y3 – 2y2 + 1
2 =0
y – 2y – 3
GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, x2 + y2 + xy
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0
+ 5x + 5y + 6 = 0 †hLv‡b x y. 4
awi, g(y) = y3 – 2y2 + 1
4 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
g(1) = (1)3 – 2(1)2 + 1 = 1 – 2 + 1 = 0
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (a) = a + 5a + 6a + 8
3 2
(y – 1), g(y) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
(2) = (2) + 5(2) + 6(2) + 8
3 2
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0
= 8 + 20 12 + 8 ev, y3 – y2 – y2 + y – y + 1 = 0
= 8 (Ans.) ev, y2(y – 1) – y(y – 1) – 1(y – 1) = 0
x+3 ev, (y – 1) (y2 – y) = 0
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 2
x + 8x + 15
nq, y – 1 = 0 A_ev, y2 – y – 1 = 0
x+3
= 2
x + 5x + 3x + 15 y=1
GLv‡b, mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
x+3 1
= = a = 1, b = – 1, c = – 1
(x + 5)(x + 3) x + 5
hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| – b b2 – 4ac
y=
M. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, 2a
(a) †K (a x) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e – (– 1) (– 1)2 – 4.1(–1)
=
2.1
(x) = x2 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
Ges (a) †K (a y) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 1+ 5 1– 5
y Gi gvb¸‡jv n‡jv: 1, ,
2 2
(P) = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8
y3 – 2y2 + 1
kZ©vbymv‡i, (x) = (y) M. ivwkwU :
y2 – 2y – 3
ev, x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8 y – 2y2 + 1 y(y2 – 2y – 3) + 3y + 1
3
GLb, 2 =
ev, x3 y3 + 5(x2 y2) + 6(x y) = 0 y – 2y – 3 y2 – 2y – 3
ev, (x y) (x2 + xy + y2) + 5(x + y) (x y) + 6(x y) = 0 3y + 1
=y+
(y – 3) (y + 1)
ev, (x y) (x2 + xy + y2 + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0
3y + 1
ev, (x y) (x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
(y – 3) (y + 1)
wKš‘, x y 0 3y + 1 A B
x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0 [†hLv‡b x y] awi, + ............. (i)
(y – 3) (y + 1) y – 3 y + 1
y3 2y2 + 1 (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi Dfqc‡ÿ (y – 3) (y + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB Ñ
(y) =
y2 2y 3 3y + 1 A(y + 1) + B(y – 3) ........... (ii)
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ y = – 1 ewm‡q cvB,
K. wbY©q Ki|
1
2
3 3(– 1) + 1 = A(– 1 + 1) + B(– 1 – 3)
L. (y) = 0 n‡j y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, – 3 + 1 = A.0 – 4B
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 66
ev, – 2 – 4B M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, N(x) = x2 4x 7
2 1 ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,
B= =
4 2 D(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4)
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ y = 3 ewm‡q cvB, N(x) x2 4x 7
3.3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3 – 3) =
D(x) (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4)
ev, 9 + 1 = 4.A + B.0 x2 4x 7
GKwU cÖKZ
… fMœvsk|
ev, 10 = 4A (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4)
10 5 x2 4x 7 A B C
A= = g‡b Kwi, + + ........ (i)
4 2 (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4) x + 1 x + 2 x4
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB Ñ mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
5 1 x2 4x 7 A(x + 2) (x 4) + B(x + 1) (x 4) + C(x + 1) (x + 2) ........... (ii)
3y + 1 2 2
= + mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ x Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨|
(y – 3) (y + 1) y – 3 y + 1
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
5 1
y – 2y + 1
3 2 2 2 1 + 4 7 = A(1 + 2)(1 4)
wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk : 2 =y+ +
y – 2y – 3 y–3 y+1 2
ev, 2 = A(5) A =
5 1 5
=y+ +
2(y – 3) 2(y + 1) mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
x P(x) = 18x + 15x x + k,
3 2
4 + 8 7 = B(2 + 1)(2 4)
N(x) = x 4x 7
2
D(x) = x x 10x 8
3 2 5
ev, 5 = B(1) (6) B =
6
K. D(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 4 ewm‡q cvB,
L. P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) n‡j, k Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
16 16 7 = C(4 + 1) (4 + 2)
N(x)
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 7
D(x) ev, 7 = C(5)(6) C =
30
6 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb GLb A, B, C Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
K. x = 1 emv‡j D(1) = 0 nq| x2 4x 7 2 5 7
+ ;
AZGe, (x + 1), D(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4) 5(x + 1) 6(x + 2) 30(x 4)
D(x) = x3 x2 10x 8 GwUB cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk|
= x3 + x2 2x2 2x 8x 8 F(x) = x3 x2 10x 8
= x2 (x + 1) 2x (x + 1) 8(x + 1) f(x) = x3 + 2x3 1 P(x) = x2 + 2x 3
= (x + 1) (x 2x 8)
2
K. f(x) †K x + 1 Øviv fvM K‡i fvM‡kl wbY©q Ki| 2
= (x + 1) (x2 4x + 2x 8) L. F(x) eûc`x‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
= (x + 1) {x(x 4) + 2(x 4) M. Rvgv‡ji †jLv‡K je Ges w``v‡ii †jLv‡K ni a‡i
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x 4) (Ans.) ivwk‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 x + k
7 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
†h‡nZz (3x + 2) ev, 3x + ev, 3x , P(x) Gi GKwU K. GLv‡b, f(x) = x3 + 2x2 1
2 2
3 3
AZGe, x + 1 x3 + 2x2 x2 + x 1
Drcv`K; †m‡nZz Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, P = 0
2
3 1
GLv‡b, P = 18 + 15 + k
2 2 3 2 2 2 x3 + x2
3 3 3 3 x2 1
= 18 + 15 + + k
8 4 2 x2 + x
27 9 3
x 1
16 20 2
= + + +k x 1
3 3 3
0
16 + 20 + 2 + 3k 6 + 3k
= = x + 1 Øviv f(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 0. (Ans.)
3 3
L. F(x) = x3 x2 10x 8
kZ©vbymv‡i, P = 0
2
3 eûc`xwUi g~L¨ mnM 1 Ges aªæe c` 8
ev,
6 + 3k
=0 aªæe c‡`i Drcv`K mg~‡ni †mU = {1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8}
3
F(1) = 13 12 10.1 8 = 18 0
ev, 6 + 3k = 0 k = 2
F(1) = (1)3 (1)2 10(1) 8
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 67
= 1 1 + 10 8 = 0 GLb, F(q, r, p) = q3 + r3 + p3 3pqr
{x (1)} A_©vr (x + 1), F(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = p3 + q3 + r3 3pqr
GLb, x3 x2 10x 8 Ges, F(q, p, r) = q3 + p3 + r3 3qpr
= x3 + x2 2x2 2x 8x 8 = p3 + q3 + r3 3pqr
= x2(x + 1) 2x(x + 1) 8(x + 1) F(p, q, r) = F(q, r, p) = F(q, p, r)
= (x + 1) (x2 2x 8) A_©vr, F(p, q, r) GKwU Pµ-µwgK cÖwZmg ivwk|
= (x + 1) (x2 4x + 2x 8) L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc
= (x + 1) (x 4) (x + 2) = (a + b)3 3ab(a + b) + c3 3abc
eûc`x F(x) Gi Drcv`K (x + 1)(x + 2)(x 4) (Ans.) = (a + b)3 + c3 3ab(a + b + c)
x3 + 2x2 1 = (a + b + c) {(a + b)2 (a + b)c + c2} 3ab(a + b + c)
M. ivwkwU =
x2 + 2x 3 = (a + b + c)(a2 + 2ab + b2 ac bc + c2) 3ab(a + b + c)
x3 + 2x2 1 3x 1 = (a + b + c) (a2 + 2ab + b2 ac bc + c2 3ab)
GLb, =x+
x2 + 2x 3 (x + 3)(x 1) = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)
3x 1 1
GLv‡b, GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk| = (a + b + c)(2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 2ab 2bc 2ca)
(x + 3)(x 1) 2
3x 1 A B 1
awi, + .............(i) = (a + b + c) (a2 2ab + b2 + b2 2bc + c2 + c2 2ca + a2)
(x + 3)(x 1) X + 3 x 1 2
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ (x + 3)(x 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, 1
= (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2}
3x 1 A(x 1) + B(x + 3) ............(ii) 2
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, 1
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2}
2
3.1 1 = A(1 1) + B(1 + 3)
ev, 3 1 = A 0 + B.4
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
ev, 2 = 4B
1
1 F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2}
B= 2
2
†`Iqv Av‡Q, a = y + z x, b = z + x y, c = x + y z
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
a+b+c=y+zx+z+xy+x+yz=x+y+z
3(3) 1 = A(3 1) + B(3 + 3)
GLb, (a b)2 = (y + z x z x + y)2
ev, 9 1 = A(4) + B 0
= (2y 2x)2
ev, 10 = 4A
= {2(x y)}2
5
A= = 4(x y)2
2
(b c)2 = (z + x y x y + z)2
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
5 1 = (2z 2y)2
3x 1 2 2 = {2(y z)}2
= +
(x + 3)(x 1) x + 3 x 1 = 4(y z)2
x3 + 2x2 1 Ges (c a)2 = (x + y z y z + x)2
wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk, (Ans.)
x2 + 2x 3 = (2x 2z)2
x, y, z = (2(z x)}2
= 4(z x)2
F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz.
1
K. F(p, q, r) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, GwU GKwU Pµ- F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2}
2
µwgK cÖwZmg ivwk| 2 1
1 = (x + y + z) {4(x y)2 + 4(y z)2 + 4(z x)2}
2
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = (a + b
2 1
+ c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2} 4 = 4 (x + y + z){(x y)2 + (y z)2 + (z x)2}
2
M. hw`, a = y + z x, b = x + z y, c = x + y = 4(x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz)
z nq Z‡e †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = 4 F(x, y, z)| 4 = 4F(x, y, z)
8 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb A_©vr, F(a, b, c) = 4F(x, y, z)
P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 + bx + c Q(x) =
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz
2
6x + 7x + a
F(p, q, r) = p3 + q3 + r3 3pqr
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 68
K. Q(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2x + 1) n‡j a Gi gvb 9 15 b
= + +c
wbY©q Ki| 2 4 4 2
L. a = 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, c = 2b. 4 9 + 15 2b + 4c
=
x 4
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß b I c Gi gvb e¨envi K‡i †K 6 2b + 4c
P(x)
=
AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 4
4 2b + 3c 6 2b + 4c
9 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb kZ©vbymv‡i, = 0 Ges =0
3 4
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
A_©vr, 4 2b + 3c = 0 ..................... (i)
Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2x + 1)|
6 2b + 4c = 0 ......................(ii)
myZivs Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
Q = 0 n‡e
1
2 4 2b + 3c 6 + 2b 4c = 0
ev, c 2 = 0
GLb, Q = 6 2 + 7 + a
1 1 1
2 2 2 c = 2
1 7 mgxKiY (i) -G c = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
=6 +a
4 2 4 2b + 3 (2) = 0
3 7 ev, 4 2b 6 = 0
= +a
2 2
ev, 2b 2 = 0
3 7 + 2a
=
2 ev, 2b = 2
2a 4 b = 1
= myZivs, c = 2b
2
2(a 2) M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, b = 1, c = 2
=
2 †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 + bx + c
=a2 = 18x3 + 15x2 x 2 [ b = 1, c = 2]
kZ©g‡Z, a 2 = 0 a=2 = 18x3 + 21x2 + 6x 6x2 7x 2
wb‡Y©q gvb a = 2 = 3x(6x2 + 7x + 2) 1(6x2 + 7x + 2)
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 + bx + c = (6x2 + 7x + 2)(3x 1)
Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + 2 [ a = 2] = (2x + 1) (3x + 2) (3x 1)
Ges P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K Q(x) x
myZivs †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
GLb, Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + 2 (2x + 1)(3x + 2)(3x 1)
= 6x2 + 4x + 3x + 2 x A B
awi, +
= 2x(3x + 2) + 1(3x + 2) (2x + 1)(3x + 2) (3x 1) 2x + 1 3x +2
= (3x + 2) (2x + 1) C
+ .......... (iii)
myZivs (3x + 2) Ges (2x + 1) ivwkØq n‡e P(x) eûc`xi `ywU Drcv`K| 3x 1
myZivs Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (2x + 1)(3x + 2)(3x 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
x = A(3x + 2) (3x 1) + B(2x + 1) (3x 1)
P = 0 Ges P = 0
2 1
3 2 + C(2x + 1) (3x + 2) ........... (iv)
GLb, P = 18 + 15 + b + c
2 2 3 2 2 2 1
GLv‡b, mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = ewm‡q cvB,
3 3 3 3 2
= A3 + 2 3 1
= 18 + 15 + c
8 4 2b 1 1 1
27 9 3 2 2 2
+ B 2 + 13 1 + C 2 + 1
16 20 2b 1 1 1
= + +c
3 3 3 2 2 2
16 + 20 2b + 3c 1
3 + 2
2
=
3
4 2b + 3c ev, = A + 2 1
1 3 3
=
3 2 2 2
+ B (1 + 1) 1 + C(1 + 1) + 2
3 3
P = 18. + 15. + b + c
1 1 3 1 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
ev, = A + B.0. + C.0.
1 1 5 5 1
= 18 + 15 + c
1 1 b
8 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 69
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = x3 7x 6
ev, = A. + 0 + 0
1 5
2 4 f(1) = (1)3 7(1) 6
5 1 = 1 + 7 6
ev, .A =
4 2
=77=0
ev, A =
1 4
2 5 x (1) ev (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
2 GLb, x3 7x 6 = x3 + x2 x2 x 6x 6
A=
5 = x2(x + 1) x(x + 1) 6(x + 1)
2 = (x + 1)(x2 x 6)
Avevi mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = ewm‡q cvB,
3 = (x + 1) (x2 3x + 2x 6)
= A3 + 2 3 1 + B 2 + 1
2 2 2 2 = (x + 1) {(x(x 3) + 2(x 3)}
3 3 3 3
= (x + 1) (x 3) (x + 2)
2
3 1 + C 2 + 1 3 + 2
2 2
= (x 3) (x + 1) (x + 2)
3 3 3
GwUB f(x) Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc|
= A(2 + 2)( 2 1) + B + 1(2 1) + C
2 4
ev,
3 3 L. GLv‡b, g(x) = 2x2 + x a Ges g = 0
1
2
+ 1 ( 2 + 2)
4
3 g = 2 2 + a
1 1 1
2 2 2
ev, = A.0( 3) + B (3) + C . 0
2 1 1
3 3 3 1 1
ev, 0 = 2 + a
4 2
2
ev, = 0 + B.1 + 0 ev, 0 = 1 a
3
2 a=1
B=
3 AZGe, g(x) = 2x2 + x 1
1
cybivq, mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = ewm‡q cvB, = 2x2 + 2x x 1
3
= 2x(x + 1) 1(x + 1)
= A. 3. + 23. 1 + B. 2. + 13. 1
1 1 1 1 1
= (x + 1) (2x 1)
3 3 3 3 3
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, f(x) = (x 3)(x + 1)(x + 2)
+ C. 2. + 13. + 2
1 1
3 3 AZGe, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, f(x) I g(x) eûc`x؇qi GKwU mvaviY Drcv`K
n‡jv (x + 1)
ev, = A.(1 + 2) (1 1) + B + 1 (1 1)
1 2
3 3 g(x) 2x2 + x 1 (x + 1)(2x 1) 2x 1
M. = = = †K
f(x) x3 7x 6 (x 3)(x + 1)(x + 2) (x + 2)(x 3)
2
+ C + 1 (1 + 2)
3 AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
1 5
ev, = A.3.0 + B. .0 + C. .3
5 2x 1 A B
g‡b Kwi, +
3 3 3 (x + 2)(x 3) x + 2 x 3
1 2x 1 A(x 3) + B(x + 2)
ev, = 0 + 0 + C.5 ev,
3 (x + 2)(x 3) (x + 2)(x 3)
1
C= ev, 2x 1 A(x 3) + B(x + 2).................. (i)
15
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
A, B, C Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
2(2) 1 = A(2 3) + (2 + 2)
2 2 1
x 5 3 15 ev, 4 1 = A(5) + B.0
= + +
(2x + 1)(3x + 2)(3x 1) 2x + 1 3x + 2 3x 1 ev, 5 = 5A
2 2 1 A=1
= + , hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
5(2x + 1) 3(3x + 2) 15(3x 1) Avevi, mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB
(x) = x2 7x 6 g(x) = 2x2 + x a 2 3 1 = A(3 3) + B(3 + 2)
K. (x) ‡K Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki| 2 ev, 6 1 = A.0 + B 5
ev, 5 = 5B
L. g = 0 n‡j, (x) I g(x) eûc`x؇qi mvaviY
1
2 B=1
Drcv`KwU wbY©q Ki| 4 2x + 1 1 1
= +
g(x) (x + 2)(x 3) x + 2 x3
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
(x) g(x) 1 1
AZGe, Gi AvswkK fMœvsk n‡jv +
f(x) x+2 x3
10 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 70
P(x) = x + 2x 5x 6
3 2 M. ivwkwUi cÖKw… Z wbY©q Ki Ges Drcv`K Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx
ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. P(x) †K (x 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? 2
12 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
L. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. hw` P(x) †K x a Ges x b Øviv fvM Ki‡j GKB K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = bc(b2 c2) + ca(c2 a2) + ab (a2 b2)
fvM‡kl _v‡K †hLv‡b a b, Z‡e †`LvI †h, kZ©g‡Z, P(a) = bc(b2 c2) + ca(c2 a2) + ab (a2 b2)
P(b) = bc(b2 c2) + bc(c2 b2) b2(b2 b2)
a2 + b2 + ab + 2a + 2b 5 = 0 4
= bc(b2 c2) bc(b2 c2) 0
11 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
=0
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 2x2 5x 6 wb‡Y©q P(b) = 0.
P(x) †K (x 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2) L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, bc(b2 c2) + ca(c2 a2) + ab(a2 b2)
P(2) = 2 + 2.2 5.2 6
3 2
= bc(b c ) + c a ca + a b ab
2 2 3 3 3 3
= 8 + 8 10 6
= bc(b c ) + a b ca ab + c a
2 2 3 3 3 3
=0
= bc(b c ) + a (b c) a(b c )
2 2 3 3 3
wb‡Y©q fvM‡kl 0.
= bc(b + c) (b c) + a (b c) a(b c)(b + bc + c )
3 2 2
L. g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x3 + 2x2 5x 6
= (b c){(bc (b + c) + a a(b + bc + c )}
3 2 2
GLv‡b aªæe msL¨v = 6
= (b c)(b c + bc + a ab abc c a)
2 2 3 2 2
myZivs Drcv`bmg~‡ni †mU n‡Z cv‡i 1, 2, 3, 6
= (b c)(a ab c a + bc abc + b c)
3 2 2 2 2
x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
= (b c){ a(a b ) c (a b) bc(a b)}
2 2 2
P(3) = ( 3)3 + 2( 3)3 + 5 5 ( 3) 6
= (b c)(a b) { a (a + b) c bc}
2
= 27 + 18 + 15 6
= (b c)(a b) (a + ab c bc)
2 2
= 33 + 33
= (b c)(a b)( bc + ab c + a )
2 2
=0
(x + 3), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (b c)(a b) { b(c a) (c a )}
2 2
GLb, P(x) = x3 + 2x2 5x 6 = (b c)(a b) { b(c a) (c + a) (c a)}
= x3 + 3x2 x2 3x 2x 6 = (b c)(a b)(c a)( b c a)
=x2 (x + 3) x (x + 3) 2(x + 3) = (b c)(a b)(c a) { (a + b + c)}
= (x + 3)(x2 x 2) = (a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c) (Ans.)
= (x + 3) (x2 2x + x 2) M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß P(b) = 0
= (x + 3) {x (x 2) + 1(x 2)} (a b) cÖ`Ë ivwki GKwU Drcv`K|
= (x + 3) (x + 1) (x 2) GLv‡b, cÖ`Ë ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK ZvB (b c) Ges (c a) Df‡q cÖ`Ë
= (x +1) (x 2) (x + 3) ivwkwUi Drcv`K| Avevi, cÖ`Ë ivwkwU Pvi gvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk Ges (a
wb‡Y©q Drcv`K (x +1) (x 2) (x + 3) b)(b c)(c a) wZb gvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk| myZivs cÖ`Ë ivwki Aci
M. P(x) †K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e Drcv`KwU Aek¨B Pµ-µwgK Ges GKgvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk n‡e|
P(a) = a3 + 2a2 5a 6 A_©vr, Zv k(a + b + c) n‡e, †hLv‡b k GKwU aªæeK|
Ges P(x) †K x b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e bc(b2 c2) + ca(c2 a2) + ab(a2 b2)
P(b) = b + 2b 5b 6
3 2
= K(a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c) ............(i)
kZ©vbymv‡i, a3 + 2a2 5a 6 = b3 + 2b2 5b 6 a, b, c Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ (i) mZ¨|
ev, a3 b3 + 2a2 2b2 5a + 5b 6 + 6 = 0 (i) bs G a = 0, b = 1, c = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
ev, a3 b3 + 2a2 2b2 5a + 5b = 0 2(1 4) + 0(4 0) + 0(0 1) = k(0 1)(1 2)(2 0)(0 + 1 + 2)
ev, (a b)(a + ab + b ) + 2(a + b)(a b) 5(a b) = 0
2 2 ev, 6 + 0 + 0 = k( 1) ( 1)(2)(3)
ev, (a b){a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b 5} = 0 ev, 6 = 6K
ev, a2 + b2 + ab + 2a + 2b 5 = 0 [ a b 0] k = 1
a + b + ab + 2a + 2b 5 = 0
2 2 mgxKiY (i)-G K = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
bc(b2 c2) + ca(c2 a2) + ab(a2 b2)
bc(b2 c2) + ca (c2 a2) + ab (a2 b2)
= (a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c) (Ans.)
K. cÖ`Ë ivwkwU‡K a Gi eûc`x P(a) we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡Z a a2 (b c) + b2(c a) + c2 (a b)
Gi cwie‡Z© b ewm‡q P(b) wb‡Y©q Ki| 2 a3 1 b3 1 c3 1
, ,
L. ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 (a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 71
K. †`LvI †h, exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU AcÖwZmg| 2 fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡ki AvKv‡i †jL| 4
L. exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. cÖ`Ë fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
M. g~j` fMœvsk wZbwUi †hv‡Mi mijgvb wbY©q Ki| 4 14 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
13 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb K. cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki je x3 Ges ni x4 + 3x2 + 2 Df‡qB x Pj‡Ki eûc`x|
K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2(b c) + b2(c a) + c2 (a b) GLv‡b, je x3 Gi gvÎv 3 Ges ni x4 + 3x2 + 2 Gi gvÎv 4|
ivwkwU‡Z a I b Gi ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i cvB, †h‡nZz cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki je Gi gvÎv ni Gi gvÎv A‡cÿv †QvU
b2(a c) + a2(c b) + c2(b a) myZivs, 4
x3
GKwU cÖKZ… fMœvsk|
hv c~‡e©i ivwk †_‡K wfbœ| x + 3x2 + 2
cÖ`Ë exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU AcÖwZmg| L. cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki ni = x4 + 3x2 + 2
= x4 + 2x2 + x2 + 2
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, a2(b c) + b2(c a) + c2(a b)
= x2 (x2 + 2) + 1(x2 + 2)
= a2(b c) + b2c ab2 + c2a bc2 = (x2 + 2)(x2 + 1) (Ans.)
= a2(b c) + b2c bc2 ab2 + c2a x3
Ax + B (Cx + D)
Avevi, 2 ≡ + 2
= a2(b c) + bc (b c) a(b2 c2) (x + 2)(x2 + 1) x2 + 2 x +1
= a2(b c) + bc (b c) a(b + c) (b c) x 3
Ax + B (Cx + D)
M. ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß 2 ≡ + 2 ......(i)
= (b c) {a2 + bc a (b + c)} (x + 2)(x2 + 1) x2 + 2 x +1
3
= (b c)(a2 + bc ab ca) x Ax + B Cx + D
g‡b Kwi, 2 2 ≡ 2 + 2 .............. (i)
= (b c)(a2 ab ca + bc) (x + 2)(x + 1) x + 2 x +1
2 2
= (b c) {a (a b) c (a b)} mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfq cÿ‡K (x + 2)(x + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
= (b c)(a b)(a c) x3 (Ax + B)(x + 1) + (Cx + D)(x + 2)
2 2
= (b c)(a b) { (c a)} 3 2
≡ Ax + Ax + Bx + B + Cx + 2Cx + Dx + 2D
3 2
= (a b)(b c)(c a) (Ans.) 3 2
≡ (A + C) x + (B + D) x + (A + 2C) x + (B + 2D)...... (ii)
a31 b31 c3 1 3 2
mgxKiY (ii) Gi x , x , x Gi mnM Ges aªæec` mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
M. + +
(a b) (a c) (b c) (b a) (c a) (c b) A + C = 1.............. (iii)
(1 a3) (1 b3) (1 c3) B + D = 0.............. (iv)
+ +
(a b) (c a) (b c) (a b) (c a) (b c) A + 2C = 0............. (v)
1 a3 1 b3 1 c3 B + 2D = 0.............(vi)
+ +
(a b) (c a) (b c) (a b) (c a) (b c) mgxKiY (iv) I (vi) n‡Z cvB, B = 0 Ges D = 0
(1 a3)(b c) + (1 b3)(c a) + (1 c3)(a b) mgxKiY (v) bs n‡Z cvB,
(a b)(b c)(c a)
A+C+C=0
1(b c) a (b c) + 1(c a) b (c a) + 1(a b) c (a b)
3 3 3
ev, 1 + C = 0 [ A + C = 1]
(a b)(b c)(c a)
C=1
1(b c + c a + a b) {a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)}
3 3 3
C = 1 n‡j mgxKiY (iii) n‡Z cvB,
(a b)(b c)(c a)
A1=1
[ a3(b c) + b3(c a) + c3 (a b) = (a b)(b c)(a + b + c]
A=2
0 { (a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c)}
GLb, A, B, C Ges D Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
(a b)(b c)(c a) 3
x
(a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c) 2 2
(a b)(b c)(c a) (x + 2)(x + 1)
= a + b + c (Ans.) 2.x + 0 1. x + 0
= 2 + 2
x +2 x +1
x3
2x x
x + 3x2 + 2
4
= 2 2 GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
x +2 x +1
K. cÖ`Ë fMœvskwU †Kvb ai‡bi fMœvsk? 2
L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges
1 1 1 3 K. P(x) Gi 3q I 4_© c‡`i mgwó KZ? 2
+ + =
a3 b3 c3 abc 1
L. + P(x) †K mij Ki| 4
1+x
2 4 8 16
P(x) = + + + M. †`LvI †h, a = b = c A_ev ab + bc + ca = 0 4
1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1
15 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 72
A_ev, = 0 1 12 = 0 1 12 = 0
2 4 8 16 1 1 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = + + +
1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1 a b b c c a
3q I 4_© c‡`i mgwó 1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, =0 ev, =0 ev, =0
8 16 a b b c c a
= +
1 + x8 x16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, = ev, = ev, =
8 16 a b b c c a
= 8 + a = b b=c c=a
x + 1 (x8 + 1)(x8 1)
8x 8 + 16
8 a=b=c
=
(x8 + 1)(x8 1) 1 1 1 3
3+ 3+ 3= n‡j a = b = c A_ev ab + bc + ca = 0
8x8 + 8 a b c abc
= 8 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(x + 1)(x8 1)
8(x8 + 1) 8 1 2 4 8
= 8 =
(x + 1)(x8 1) (x8 1)
(Ans.) P(x) = x16 1 G(x) = + + +
1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8
1
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, + P(x) K. †`LvI †h, (x + 1) I (x 1) DfqB F(x) Gi GKwU
1+x
Drcv`K| 2
1 2 4 8 16
= + + + + 16 1
1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x4 1 + x8 x16 1 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, G(x) + = 4
F(x) 1x
1 2 4 8
= + + + [K n‡Z] M. g‡b Kwi, G(x) = xn + an †hLv‡b n abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v
1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x4 x8 1
1 2 4 8 Ges a aªæeK| n we‡Rvo msL¨v n‡j †`LvI †h (x + a)
= + + + eûc`xwUi GKwU Drcv`K Ges Ggb Q(x) wbY©q Ki
1 + x 1 + x2 x4 + 1 (x4 + 1)(x4 1)
4+8 †hb G(x) = (x + a) Q(x) nq| 4
4x
4
1 2
= + 2+
1 + x 1 + x (x + 1)(x4 1)
4
16 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
1 2 4(x4 + 1)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x) = x 1
16
= + 2+
1 + x 1 + x (x + 1)(x4 1)
4
(x + 1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j F( 1) = 0 n‡e|
1 2 4
= + + F( 1) = ( 1) 1
16
1 + x 1 + x2 x4 1
2x2 2 + 4 =11
+
1
=
1 + x (x2 + 1)(x2 1) =0
1 2(x2 + 1) (x + 1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K|
= + 2
1 + x (x + 1)(x2 1) Avevi, (x 1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j F(1) = 0 n‡e|
1 2 F(1) = (1) 1
16
= +
1 + x x2 1
=11
x1+2 =0
=
(x + 1)(x 1)
(x + 1), F(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
x+1 1
= =
(x + 1)(x 1) x 1
(Ans.) (x + 1) I (x 1) DfqB F(x) Gi Drcv`K| †`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 1 1 3 16
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, 3 + 3 + 3 = L. evgcÿ = G(x) +
a b c abc F(x)
(d)
ev, + + 3. . . = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
a b c a b c 16 1
G(x) + =
F(x) 1x
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
2 a b c a b b c c a M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, G(x) = x + an
n
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 †hLv‡b n abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges a GKwU aªæeK|
a b c a b b c c a
GLv‡b, G( a) = ( a)n + an
1
[ x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = (x + y + z) {(x y)2 + (y z)2 + = ( 1)n an + an
2
(z x)}] = an + an [ n we‡Rvo n‡j ( 1)n = 1]
1 1 1 =0
+ + =0 {x ( a)} A_©vr (x + a), a(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
a b c
bc + ac + ab
ev, =0
abc †`Iqv Av‡Q, a(x) = (x + a) Q(x) ...................(i)
ab + bc + ca = 0 GLv‡b G(x) Gi x Pj‡Ki gvÎv n.
(x + a) G Pj‡Ki gvÎv 1.
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 73
s(x) G x Pj‡Ki gvÎv n‡e (n 1) P(x) = x + 7x x + a
3 2
Q(x) = x 4x + 5x + 8x
4 3 2
Avevi, G(x) = xn + an + b.
= (x a) [xn [Link] 2 + a2xn 3 ....... (1)n 2. an K. {P( 1) + Q( 1)} Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
2
. x + ( 1)n 1 an 1] .....................(ii) L. x Gi †Kvb †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ P(x) = 0 n‡e, †hLv‡b P
[ xn + yn = (x + y) {xn 1 xn 2y + xn 3y2 ( 7) = 0 4
................ + ( 1)n 2xyn 2 + ( 1)n 1yn 1}] M. (x 1) h_vµ‡g P(x) Ges Q(x) Df‡qi Drcv`K
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) mgxK…Z K‡i cvB, n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a + b + 17 = 0 4
Q(x) = xn 1 axn 2 + a2 xn 3, a3xn 4 + ........+( 1)n 1an 1. 18 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
(Ans.)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x + 7x x + a
3 2
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc
P( 1) = ( 1) + 7( 1) ( 1) + a
3 2
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
=1+7+1+a
L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
=7+a
3
M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, (a + b + c) =
Ges Q(x) = x 4x + 5x + 8x + b
4 3 2
3 3 3
a +b +c 4
Q( 1) = ( 1) 4( 1) + 5 ( 1) + 8 ( 1) + b
4 3 2
17 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
=1+4+58+b
K. F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc ivwkwU‡Z a Gi =2+b
cwie‡Z© b, b Gi cwie‡Z© c Ges c Gi cwie‡Z© a emv‡j Avgiv cvB, P( 1) + Q( 1) = 7 + a + 2 + b
F(b, c, a) = (b + c + a)(bc + ca + ab) bca = a + b + 9 (Ans.)
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x + 7x x + a
3 2
= (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc L.
P ( 7) = ( 7) + 7( 7) ( 7) + a
3 2
= F(a, b, c)
F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| = 343 + 343 + 7 + a
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, =7+a
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc †h‡nZz P( 7) = 0
ev, 7 + a = 0
= a b + abc + ca + ab + b c
2 2 2 2
a=7
+ abc + abc + bc + c a abc
2 2
P(x) = x + 7x x 7
3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
= a b + abc + ca + ab + b c + abc + bc + ac
2 2 2 2 2 = x2(x + 7) 1(x + 7)
= a b + ca + ab + abc + b c + bc + abc + ac2
2 = (x2 1)(x + 7)
= a (b + c) + ab(b + c) + bc(b + c) + ac(b + c)
= (x + 1)(x 1)(x + 7)
= (b + c)(a2 + ab + bc + ac)
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 0 n‡e
= (b + c){a(a + b) + c(a + b)}
(x + 1)(x 1)(x + 7) = 0
= (b + c)(a + b)(a + c)
= (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (Ans.) ev, x = 1 A_ev x = 1 A_ev x = 7
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = 0 x = 1 A_ev x = 1 A_ev x = 7 (Ans.)
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x + 7x x + a
3 2
A_©vr, (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc = 0 M.
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) = abc (x 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, P(1) = 0 n‡e|
P(1) = (1) + 7(1) 1 + a
3 3 2
GLb, (a + b + c)
= (a + b + c) 3abc + 3abc
3
ev, 0 = 1 + 7 1 + a
= (a + b + c) 3(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) + 3abc
3 ev, 0 = 7 + a
[ abc = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)] ev, 7 + a = 0
= (a + b + c){(a + b + c) 3(ab + bc+ ca)} + 3abc
2 a=7
Avevi, Q(x) = x 4x + 5x + 8x + b
4 3 2
= (a + b + c)(a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 3ab 3bc
2 2 2
3ca) + 3abc (x 1), Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j Q(1) = 0 n‡e,
Q(1) = (1) 4(1) + 5(1) + 8(1) + b
4 3 2
= (a + b + c)(a + b + c ab bc ca) + 3abc
2 2 2
= a + b + c 3abc + 3abc.
3 3 3 ev, 0 = 1 4 + 5 + 8 + b
3
=a +b +c
3 3 ev, 0 = 10 + b
ev, 10 + b = 0
(a + b + c) = a + b + c
3 3 3 3
b = 10
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 74
GLb, a + b + 17 = 7 10 + 17 = 0 1 1 2 + 1 1 2 + 1 1 2 = 0
a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 a3
1 1 1 1 1 1
a + b + 17 = 0
1 1 1 3
3+ 3+ 3=
a b c abc
nq, + + = 0
1 1 1 1
K. †`LvI †h, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
2
2 1 1 1
a b c a b b c c a a3 b3 c3
L. †`LvI †h, bc + ca + ab = 0 Ges a = b = c 4
1 1 2 1 1 2
1 1 2
1 1 1
M. hw` + + =
3
nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki a = b = c 4 A_ev, + + =0
a b c 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
abc a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 a3
19 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
=0
1 1 2
1 1 1 3
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, 3 + 3 + 3 =
a b c abc 1 1
a3 b3
ev, + + 3. . . = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
a b c a b c 1 1
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 ev, a3 = b3
2 a b c a b b c c a
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 a=b
a b c a b b c c a
Avevi, = 0
1 1 2
1 1
b c3
3
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, + + = 0
1 1 1
L.
a b c
bc + ca + ab 1 1
ev, =0 ev, c3 = b3
abc
bc + ca + ab = 0
†h‡nZz `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e‡M©i †hvMdj k~b¨ n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K e‡M©i †hvMdj c=b
Avjv`vfv‡e k~b¨ nq, a=b=c
myZivs = 0 P(x) = 2x + 3x 3x a
3 2
1 1 2 x Q(x) =
a b
2x 7x + 7x 2
3 2
1 1
ev, = 0
K. Q wbY©q Ki|
a b 1
2
1 1
2
ev, = L. x + 2, P(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
a b
a=b M. P(x) I Q(x) Gi GKwU mvaviY Drcv`K wbY©q Ki| 4
20 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
Avevi, = 0
1 1 2
b c K. Q(x) = 2x 7x + 7x 2
3 2
1 1
ev, = 0
Q = 2 7 + 7 2
1 1 3 1 2 1
b c
2 2 2 2
1 1
ev, = 1 1 1
b c = 2. 7. + 7. 2
8 4 2
b=c
1 7 7
a=b=c = + 2
4 4 2
†`Iqv Av‡Q, + + = 1 7 + 14 8
1 1 1 3
M.
a b c 3 =
4
abc
15 15
ev, + + 3. . .
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 = = 0 (Ans.)
=0 4
3 3 3 3 3 3
a b c a b c L. x + 2, P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j P( 2) = 0 n‡e,
GLb, P( 2) = 2( 2) + 3( 2) 3( 2) a
3 2
ev,
1 1 + 1 + 1
2 1 1 1 = 2( 8) + 3.4 + 6 a
a3 b3 c3 = 16 + 12 + 6 a
=2a
GLb, 2 a = 0
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 75
a=2
A_ev, + + = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
wb‡Y©q a Gi gvb 2. x y y z z x
wKš‘ KZK¸‡jv eM©ivwki mgwó k~b¨ n‡j Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avjv`vfv‡e k~b¨
M. g‡b Kwi, x + b, P(x) I Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K|
n‡e|
hLb b 0
=0 1 12 = 0 Ges = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2
Zvn‡j, P( b) = 2( b) + 3( b) 3( b) 2
3 2
x y y z z x
= 2b + 3b + 3b 2
3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, =0 ev, = 0 ev, = 0
x y y z z x
Q( b) = 2( b) 7( b) + 7( b) 2
3 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2b 7b 7b 2
3 2
ev, = ev, = ev, =
x y y z z x
cÖkœg‡Z, 2b + 3b + 3b 2 = 0 ..................... (i)
3 2
x=y y=z z =x
Ges 2b 7b 7b 2 = 0 ..................... (ii)
3 2
x=y =z
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, M. xy + yz + zx = 0
ev, xy + yz = zx
2 2
3b + 7b + 3b + 7b = 0
ev, 10b2 + 10b = 0 ev, y + xy + yz = y zx
2 2
ev,10b (b + 1) = 0
ev, y (x + y + z) = y zx
2
wKš‘ b 0 1 1
b+1=0 2 =
y zx y(x + y + z)
ev, b = 1 Avevi, xy + yz + zx = 0
P(x) I Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x 1) ev, yz + zx = xy
x, y z ev, z2 + yz + zx = z2 xy
ev, z(z + y + x) = z xy
2
1 1 1 3
F(x, y, z) = 3 + 3+ 3
x y z xyz ev, z(x + y + z) = z xy
2
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2 1 1
2 =
L. F(x, y, z) = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, x = y = z Ges z xy z(x + y + z)
xy + yz + zx = 0 4 1 1
Abyiƒcfv‡e, 2 =
M. xy + yz + zx = 0 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, x yz x(x + y + z)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ 2 + 2 =0 4 GLb, + 2 + 2 =
x yz y zx z xy
2
x yz y zx
2
z xy x(x + y + z)
21 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 1 1
+ +
y(x + y + z) z(x + y + z)
1 1 1 3
K. F(x, y, z) = 3 + 3+ 3 0
x y z xyz =
xyz(x + y + z)
=0
F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` F(x, y, z) = 1 1 1
F(y, z, x) nq| + 2 + 2 =0
x yz y zx z xy
2
1 1 1 3
GLb, F(y, z, x) = 3 + 3 + 3
y z x yzx
a 1 b 1 c 1
3 3 3
1 1 1
= 3+ 3+ 3
3 F(a, b, c) = + +
xyz (a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
x y z
= F(x, y, z) K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
A_©vr F(x, y, z) Pµ-µwgK ivwk| L. F(a, b, c) Gi mijdj wbY©q Ki| 4
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = 0 M. hw` F(a, b, c) = 0 nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h,
3 3 3
1 1 1 3 a + b + c = 3abc. 4
3+ 3+ 3 =0
x y z xyz 22 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
a 1 b 1 c 1
3 3 3
2 x y z x y y z z x K. F(a, b, c) = + +
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
1 1 1
b 1 c 1 a 1
3 3 3
nq, + + = 0
x y z F(b, c, a) = + +
(b c)(b a) (c a)(c b) (a b)(a c)
yz + zx + xy
ev, =0
xyz
xy + yz + zx = 0 = F(a, b, c)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 76
c 1 b 1
3
a 1
3 3
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = 0
Avevi F(c, b, a) = + +
(c b)(c a) (b a)(b c) (a c)(a b) a + b + c 3abc = 0
3 3 3
= F(a, b, c) 1
ev, (a + b + c){(a b) + (b c) + (c a) } = 0
2 2 2
F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
a 1
3
b 1 c 1
3 3 a + b + c = 0
L. F(a, b, c) = + +
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b) A_ev, (a b) + (b c) + (c a) = 0
2 2 2
a 1 b 1 c 1
3 3 3
wKš‘ Giv eM©ivwk e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K AFYvZ¥K, †h‡nZz Zv‡`i mgwó 0, myZivs
= + +
(a b) (c a) (b c)(a b) (c a)(b c) Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡e|
(a3 1)(b c) + (b3 1)(c a) + (c3 1)(a b) (a b) = 0
2
=
(a b)(b c)(c a)
ev, a b = 0
{a3(b c) + b3(c a) + c3(a b)} {(b c) + (c a) + (a b)} ev, a = b
=
(a b)(b c)(c a)
Avevi, (b c) = 0
2
(a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c)
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) ev, b c = 0
= a + b + c (Ans.) ev, b = c
M. F(a, b, c) = 0 Ges F(a, b, c) = a + b + c a=b=c
a + b + c = 0 ev a + b = c
3 3 3
x 2x + 1
3 2
GLb, a + b + c
f(x) = g(y) = z2y 32y + 2 + 32
x 2x 3
2
= (a + b) 3ab(a + b) + c
3 3
= ( c) 3ab ( c) + c
3 3
K. f(1) Ges f( 1) wbY©q Ki| 2
= c + 3abc + c
3 3 L. g(y) = 0 n‡j y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
= 3abc M. f(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc 24 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
1 2.1 + 1
3 2
0
f(1) = = =0
F(a, b, c) = a + b + c 3abc
3 3 3
1 2.1 3
2
1 5
( 1) 2( 1) + 1 1 2 + 1 2
3 2
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK mggvwÎK| 2 f(1) = = =
L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡Ki we‡kølY Ki| 4 ( 1) 2( 1) 3
2
1+23 0
M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, a + b + c = 0 Ges 2
wKš‘ AmsÁvwqZ| G‡ÿ‡Î Gi †Kv‡bv gvb †bB| (Ans.)
0
a=b=c 4
23 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, g(y) = 22y 32y + 2 + 32
ev, 22y 3.2y + 2 + 32 = 0 [ g(y) = 0]
K. F(a, b, c) Gi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv 3
ev, 2 3.2 .2 + 32 = 0
2y y 2
F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK eûc`x|
GLb, F(a, b, c) †Z a Gi ¯’‡j b, b Gi ¯’‡j c Ges c Gi ¯’‡j a ev, 22y 3.2y.4 + 32 = 0
ewm‡q cvB, ev, (2y)2 12.2y + 32 = 0
F(b, c, a) = b + c + a 3bca; hv F(a, b, c) Gi mgvb|
3 3 3 ev, x2 12x + 32 = 0 [awi 2y = x]
F(a, b, c) ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK mggvwÎK| ev, x2 8x 4x + 32 = 0
ev, (x 8)(x 4) = 0
F(a, b, c) = a + b + c 3abc
3 3 3
L.
nq, x 8 = 0 A_ev x 4 = 0
= (a + b) 3ab (a + b) + c3 3abc
3
ev, x = 8 ev, x = 4
= (a + b) + c 3ab(a + b) 3abc
3 3
ev, 2y = 23 ev, 2y = 22
= (a + b + c) {(a + b) (a + b) c + c } 3ab (a + b + c)
2 2
y=3 y=2
= (a + b + c) (a2 + 2ab + b2 ac bc + c2 3ab)
wb‡Y©q gvb y = 2, 3
= (a + b + c)(a + b + c ab bc ca)
2 2 2
x 2x + 1
3 2
1 M. f(x) =
x 2x 3
2
= (a + b + c) {2a + 2b + 2c 2ab 2bc 2ca}
2 2 2
2
x(x 2x 3) + 3x + 1
2
1 =
= (a + b + c){(a b) + (b c) + (c a) }
2 2 2
x 2x 3
2
2
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(a + b + c ab bc ca)
2 2 2 3x + 1
=x+ 2
1 x 3x + x 3
= (a + b + c) {(a b) + (b c) + (c a) } (Ans.)
2 2 2
2
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 77
3x + 1 M. Avevi, F(a, b, c) = 0
=x+
x(x 3) + 1 (x 3) 1 1 1 3
3+ 3+ 3 =0
3x + 1 a b c abc
=x+ ......................(i)
(x 3)(x + 1) 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 12 1 12
ev, + + + + =0
3x + 1 A B 2 a b c a b b c c a
g‡b Kwi, + ...(ii)
(x 3)(x + 1) x 3 x + 1 bc + ca + ab
=0
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x 3)(x + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, abc
3x + 1 ≡ A(x + 1) + B(x 3) (iii) ev, bc + ca + ab = 0
mgxKiY (iii) -G x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, A_ev, + + = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
3 ( 1) + 1 = A( 1 + 1) + B( 1 3)
a b b c c a
wKš‘ Giv eM©ivwk e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡KB AFYvZ¥K, Zv‡`i gvb k~b¨ e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
ev, 2 = B ( 4)
gvb k~b¨ n‡e,
2 1
ev, B = 1 12 = 0 Avevi = 0
= 1 1 2
4 2
a b b c
Avevi, mgxKiY (iii) -G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
1 1 1 1
3 3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3 3) ev, = 0 ev, = 0
a b b c
ev, 10 = A 4 1 1 1 1
ev, = ev, =
10 5 a b b c
ev, A = =
4 2 a=b b=c
mgxKiY (ii) -G A I B Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, myZivs a = b = c
5 1
F(a, b, c) = (a b) + (b c) + (c a)
3 3 3
3x + 1 2 2
= +
F (a, b, c) = a(b c ) + b(c a ) + c(a b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
(x 3)(x + 1) x 3 x + 1
5 1 K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = 3(a b)(b c)(c a) 2
= +
2(x 3) 2(x + 1) L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
x 2x + 1
3 2
5 1 a + (b c)
2
b + (c a)
2 2 2
f(x) = 2 =x+ +
x 2x 3 2(x 3) 2(x + 1) M. mij Ki
(a b)(c a)
+
(a b)(b c)
+
GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
c + (a b)
2 2
| 4
1 1 1 3 (b c)(c a)
F(a, b, c) = 3+ 3+ 3
a b c abc 26 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK| 2 K. F(a, b, c) = (a b)3 + (b c)3 + (c a) 3
L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 g‡b Kwi, a b = x
M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, ab + bc + ca = 0 bc=y
A_ev a = b = c 4 Ges c a = z
25 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb x+y+z=0
K. F(a, b, c) Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡`i gvÎv 3| myZivs GwU mggvwÎK| GLb, x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = (x + y + z)
1 1 1 3 (x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx)
Avevi, F(a, b, c) = 3 + 3 + 3
a b c abc ev, x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = 0 (x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx)
G‡Z a Gi ¯’‡j b, b Gi ¯’‡j c Ges c Gi ¯’‡j a ewm‡q cvB, ev, x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = 0
1 1 1 3 ev, x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
F(a, b, c) = 3 + 3 + 3 = F(a, b, c)
b c a bca
(a b)3 + (b c)3 + (c a)3 = 3(a b)(b c)(c a)
F(b, c, a ) Pµ-µwgK ivwk|
F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK ivwk| L. F(a, b, c) = a(b c ) + b(c a ) + c(a b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 3
= a(b c ) + bc a b + ca b c
2 2 2 2 2 2
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = 3+ 3+ 3
a b c abc
= a(b c ) bc (b c) a (b c)
2 2 2
= + + 3. . .
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
= (b c){a(b + c) bc a }
2
a b c a b c
= (b c){ab + ac bc a }
2
= + + + + . . .
1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c a b c a b b c c a = (b c){c(a b) a(a b)}
= + + 2 + 2 + 2 (Ans.) = (b c)(a b)(c a)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a b ca b c ab bc ca = (a b)(b c)(c a) (Ans.)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 78
a2 + (b c)2 b2 + (c a)2 c2 + (a b)2 a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)
2 2 2
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = + + =
(a b)(c a) (a b)(b c) (b c)(c a) (a b)(b c)(c a)
{a2 + (b c)2}(b c) + {b2 + (c a)2} (c a) + {c2 + (a b)2}(a b) (a b)(b c)(c a)
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) = [ÔLÕ n‡Z]
(a b)(b c)(c a)
a (b c) + (b c) + b (c a) + (c a) + c (a b) + (a b)
2 3 2 3 2 3
= 1 (Ans.)
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) x (x + 3), (x2 9) , x3
{a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)} + {(a b) + (b c) + (c a) }
2 2 2 3 3 3
= [K †_‡K] K. DcwiD³ ivwkmg~n n‡Z 1g I 2q ivwk Øviv GKwU cÖK…Z
(a b)(b c)(c a)
Ges 2q I 3q ivwk Øviv GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk ˆZwi Ki| 2
{a2(b c) + b2c ab2 + c2a c2b} + 3(a b)(b c)(c a) L. AcÖK…Z fMœvskwU †_‡K GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk c„_K Ki| 4
=
(a b)(b c)(c a)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß cÖK…Z fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
=
28 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
{a (b c) + bc(b c) a(b c )} + 3(a b)(b c)(c a)
2 2 2
(a b)(b c)(c a) K. GLv‡b, cÖ_g ivwk = x + 3
{(b c)} {a + bc ab ac} + 3(a b)(b c)(c a)
2 wØZxq ivwk = x2 9 = (x + 3)(x 3)
= Ges Z…Zxq ivwk = x3
(a b)(b c)(c a)
{(b - c)} a(a b) c(a b)} + 3(a b)(b c)(c a) GLb,
x+3
=
1
; hv GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) (x + 3)(x 3) x 3
(b c)(a b)(c a) + 3(a b)(b c)(c a) x3
Ges , hv GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
=
(a b)(b c)(c a) x 9
2
2(a b)(b c)(c a) x3
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖ v ß AcÖ KZ… fMœ v skwU n‡”Q
=
(a b)(b c)(c a)
= 2 (Ans.) x 9
2
x3 x3 9x + 9x
GLb, =
x 9
2
x2 9
(a) = a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)
2 2 2
x(x2 9) + 9x
=
K. cÖgvY Ki †h, a b, (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 2 x2 9
L. (a) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 x(x2 9) 9x
= +
a2
b2 (x2 9) x2 9
M. mij Ki : + +
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) 9x 9x
=x+ 2 =x+
c2 x 9 (x + 3)(x 3)
4
(c a)(c b) 9x
GLv‡b GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
27 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb (x + 3)(x 3)
9x
K. (a) = a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)
2 2 2
M. ÔL' n‡Z cÖvß cÖK…Z fMœvskwU n‡”Q
(x + 3)(x 3)
(b) = b (b c) + b (c b) + c (b b)
2 2 2
9x A B
g‡b Kwi, ≡ + .............. (i)
=b b c+b cb +0=0
3 2 2 3
(x + 3)(x 3) x + 3 x 3
†h‡nZz (b) = 0, †m‡nZz (a b), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 3)(x 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
9x ≡ A(x 3) + B(x + 3) .................... (ii)
L. (a) = a (b c) + b (c a) + c (a b)
2 2 2 mgxKiY (ii) G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
= a (b c) + b c ab + ac bc
2 2 2 2 2 9 3 = A(3 3) + B(3 + 3)
ev, 27 = A 0 + B 6
= a2(b c) + bc(b c) a(b c )
2 2
ev, 27 = 6B
= (b c){a + bc a(b + c)}
2
9
= (b c){a + bc ab ac}
2
B=
2
= (b c){a(a b) c(a b)} Avevi, mgxKiY (ii)-G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB
= (b c)(a b)(a c)
9 ( 3) = A( 3 3) + B( 3 + 3)
= (a b)(b c)(c a) (Ans.)
ev, 27 = 6A + B 0
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk,
9
a
2
b c
2 2 A=
2
+ +
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b) A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
2 2
a b c 9 9
= + +
(a b)(c a) (b c)(a b) (c a)(b c) 9x 2 2
= +
(x + 3)(x 3) x + 3 x 3
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 79
9x 9 9 10m3 + 7m2 + 6m + 1
= + (Ans.) = (Ans.)
(x + 3)(x 3) 2(x + 3) 2(x 3) m3
5x3 + 6x2 32x + 6 x L. P(5) = (5)3 + 6(5)2 + 7(5) + 10
= 125 + 150 35 + 10
K. eûc`wU‡K x Gi me©wbgœ NvZ wewkó c`‡K Ges
=0
c`wU‡Z x Gi NvZ KZ? 2
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i (x + 5), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e|
L. P(x) †K x 2 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10
M. P(x) †K x 2 Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvß fvM‡kl‡K fvM‡kl
= x3 + 5x2 + x2 + 5x + 2x + 10
Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ †ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h, fvR¨ =
= x2(x + 5) + x(x + 5) + 2(x + 5)
fvRK fvMdj + fvM‡kl| 4 = (x + 5) (x2 + x + 2)
29 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb = (x + 5) (x2 + 2x + x + 2)
K. eû c`wU‡K x Gi me©wbgœ NvZ wewkó c` 6 Ges H c‡` x Gi NvZ 0. = (x + 5) {x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2)}
L. = (x + 5)(x + 2) (x + 1)
x 2 5x3 + 6x2 32x + 5x2 + 16x P(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 5)(x + 2) (x + 1) (Ans.)
6 M. P(x) †K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
5x3 10x2 P(a) = a3 + 6a2 + 7a + 10
16x2 32x P(x) †K x b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
16x2 32x P(b) = b3 + 6b2 + 7b + 10
6 kZ©vbymv‡i, a3 + 6a2 + 7a + 10 = b3 + 6b2 + 7b + 10
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 5x + 16x.
2
ev, a3 b3 + 6(a2 b2) + 7(a b) = 0
M. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i P(x) †K (x 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e ev, (a b) (a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7) = 0
P(2). a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7 = 0 (
P(2) = 5.23 + 6.22 32.2 + 6 1 1
= 40 + 24 64 + 6 x 1
P(x) = , g(x) = (1 + x) 3 + (1 x) 3
x 7x + 12
2
= 70 64 = 6
GLv‡b, fvRK = x 2 K. P(2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
fvMdj = 5x2 + 16x L. P(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
1
fvR¨ = 5x3 + 16x2 32x + 6 Ges fvM‡kl = 6
M. g(x) = 2 3 n‡j, x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
myZivs, fvRK fvMdj + fvM‡kl
= (x 2)(5x2 + 16x) + 6 31 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
= 5x3 + 16x2 10x2 32x + 6 x+1
= 5x3 + 6x2 32x + 6 K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) =
x2 7x + 12
= fvR¨ 2 + 1
fvR¨ = fvRK fvMdj + fvM‡kl P(2) =
(2)2 7( 2) + 12
P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10 1 1
= = (Ans.)
4 + 14 + 12 30
K. P wbY©q Ki| [hLb r = 0]
1
2
m L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 2
x+1
=
x+1
x 7x + 12 x2 4x 3x + 12
L. P(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K wbY©q Ki| 4
x+1
M. P(x) †K (x a) Ges (x b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j GKB =
x(x 4) 3(x 4)
fvM‡kl _v‡K †hLv‡b a b, Z‡e †`LvI †h, x+1
4 =
a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7 = 0 (x 4)(x 3)
30 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb x+1 x+1
=
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10 x2 7x + 12 (x 4)(x 3)
x+1 A B
P = + 6 + 7 + 10
1 1 3 1 2 1 awi, ≡ ..................(i)
m m m m (x 4)(x 3) x 4 x 3
1 6 7 mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x 4) (x 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
= 3 + 2 + + 10
m m m x + 1 ≡ A(x 3) + B(x 4) .................(ii)
1 + 6m + 7m2 + 10m3 x = 3 n‡j,
=
m3 3+1=B
B=4
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 80
x = 4 n‡j, 1 1 1 1
4+1=A ev, (1 + x + 1 x) + 3(1 + x)3 (1 x)3(1 + x)3 + (1 x)3 = 2
A=5
1 1
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 2 + 3 (1 x) . 2 3 = 2
3
x+1 5 4
= (Ans.)
(x 4)(x 3) x 4 x 3 1 1
1 1 ev, 3(1 x)3 . 2 3 = 0
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, g(x) = (1 + x) + (1 x)3
3
1
1 ev, 3(1 x)3 = 0
Avevi, g(x) = 2 3
ev, 1 x = 0
1 1 1
x = 1 (Ans.)
(1 + x) + (1 x) = 2 3
3 3
1 13 13
ev, (1 + x)3 + (1 x)3 = 23
16 168 + 612 918 + 81k
ev, =0
81
P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
ev, 458 + 81k = 0
Q(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + k 53
k=5
R(x) = x3 x2 10x 8 81
K. R(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 53
wb‡Y©q k Gi gvb 5
81
L. Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K 3x + 2 n‡j, k Gi gvb
x2
wbY©q Ki| 4 M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e
P(x)
x2
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
P(x)
32 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb P(1) = (1)3 + 6(1)2 + 11( 1) + 6
= 1 + 6 11 + 6
K. g‡b Kwi, f(x) = x2 x2 10x 8
=0
f( 1) = ( 1)3 (1)2 10 (1) 8 {x (1)} ev (x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= 1 1 + 10 8 = 0 Zvn‡j, x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
{x (1)} = x + 1 = x3 + x2 + 5x2 + 5x + 6x + 6
A_©vr (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = x2(x + 1) + 5x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)
GLb, x3 x2 10x 8 = (x + 1)(x2 + 5x + 6)
= x3 + x2 2x2 2x 8x 8 = (x + 1) (x2 + 3x + 2x + 6)
= x2 (x + 1) 2x(x + 1) 8(x + 1) = (x + 1){x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3)}
= (x + 1)(x2 2x 8) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
2
= (x + 1)(x2 4x + 2x 8) x x2
= GKwU cÖKZ … fMœvsk|
= (x + 1) {x(x 4) + 2(x 4)} P(x) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
x2 A B C
= (x + 1)(x 4)(x + 2) (Ans.) awi, + + ...........(i)
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x + 2)(x+ 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) A_©vr x
2
3 x2 ≡ A(x + 2)(x + 3) + B(x + 1)(x + 3) + C (x + 1)(x + 2) ....(ii)
Q(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + k Gi GKwU Drcv`K| mgxKiY (ii) -G x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
(1)2 = A(1 + 2)( 1 + 3) + B( 1 + 1) ( 1 + 3)
Q = 0
2
3 + C( 1 + 1)( 1 + 2)
ev, 1 = A(1)(2)
ev, + 7 + 17 + 17 + k = 0
2 4 2 3 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 ev, 2A = 1
16 7 8 4 34 1
ev, + 17 + k = 0 A=
81 27 9 3 2
ev,
16 56 68 34
+ +k=0 mgxKiY (ii) -G x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
81 27 9 3
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 81
(2)2 = A(2 + 2)( 2 + 3) + B( 2 + 1)( 2 + 3) nq, (a b) = 0 A_ev, (a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6) = 0
+ C (2 + 1) (2 + 2) wKš‘, a b 0
ev, 4 = B( 1)(1) ab
ev, B = 4 a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0
B=4 ev, a2 + b2 + ab + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0
mgxKiY (ii) bs G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, i) P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2 ax + 6
2
(3) = A(3 + 2)( 3 + 3) + B( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 3)
1 1 1 3
+ C( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 2) ii) R = + +
a3 b3 c3 abc
ev, 9 = C( 2)(1)
x2 yz y2 zx z2 xy
ev, 2C = 9 iii)
a
=
b
=
c
9
C= K. (x 2) Øviv P(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl 6 nq Z‡e a
2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
L. R = 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a = b = c A_ev
1 9
x2 2 4 2 ab + bc + ca = 0 4
= + +
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) x + 1 x + 2 x + 3 M. (iii) Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Abycv‡Zi gvb k a‡i cÖgvY Ki †h,
x2 1 4 9 (a + b + c) (x + y + z) = ax + by + cz 4
= + GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
P(x) 2(x+ 1) x + 2 2(x + 3) 34 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
(Ans.)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2 ax + 6
P(x) = x + 5x + 6x + 8
3 2
(x 2) Øviv P(x) K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2)
K. P(x) †K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h fvM‡kl nq Zv P(2) = 5.23 + 6.22 a.2 + 6
fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, P(2) = 40 + 24 + 6 2a
L. Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ P(a) †K Drcv`‡K we‡klY
ev, P(2) = 70 2a
Ki| 4
kZ©g‡Z, P(2) = 6
M. hw` a b Ges P(a) = P(b) nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, a2
ev, 70 2a = 6
+ b2 + ab + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0 4
ev, 70 6 = 2a
33 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
ev, 64 = 2a
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 64
ev, a =
P(x) †K (x a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a) 2
P(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 (Ans.) a = 32
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 wb‡Y©q a Gi gvb 32
x = 4 n‡j, P( 4) = ( 4)3 + 5 ( 4)2 + 6( 4) + 8 1 1 1 3
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, R = 3 + 3 + 3
= 64 + 80 24 + 8 a b c abc
= 88 + 88 1 1 1 3
ev, 3 + 3 + 3 =0
a b c abc
=0
ev, + + 3 = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
(x + 4), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
a b c a b c
x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
= x3 + 4x2 + x2 + 4x + 2x + 8 2 a b c a b b c c a
= x2(x + 4) + x(x + 4) + 2(x + 4) 1 1 1
= (x + 4)(x2 + x + 2) (Ans.) nq + + = 0
a b c
M. GLv‡b, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 bc + ca + ab
ev, =0
P(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 abc
Ges P(b) = b3 + 5b2 + 6b + 8 bc + ca + ab = 0
P(a) = P(b) A_ev, + + = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
ev, a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 = b3 + 5b2 + 6b + 8 a b b c c a
wKš‘ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK eM© ivwki mgwó k~b¨ n‡j G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwUi gvb c„_K
ev, a3 b3 + 5a2 5b2 + 6a 6b + 8 8 = 0
c„_Kfv‡e k~b¨ n‡e|
ev, a3 b3 + 5(a2 b2) + 6(a b) = 0
myZivs,
ev, (a b){a2 + ab + b2 + 5 (a + b) + 6} = 0
1 12 = 0 1 12 = 0 Ges = 0
1 1 2
ev, (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6) = 0 a b b c c a
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 82
1 1 1 1 1 1 fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, (x) = x2 + 2x 3 †K (x 3) Øviv
ev, = 0 ev, = 0 ev, = 0
a b b c c a fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e (3)
1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, = ev, = ev, = = 0 (3) = 32 + 2.3 3
a b b c c a
=9+63
a=b b=c c=a
= 12
a=b=c
ni‡K (x 3) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 12 (Ans.)
1 1 1 3
myZivs, 3 + 3 + 3 = n‡j, ab + bc + ca = 0 A_ev a = b = c
a b b abc
L. awi, fMœvskwUi je P(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 1
x2 yz y2 zx z2 xy ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, P(x) †K (x a) Ges (x b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, = = h_vµ‡g P(a) Ges P(b)
a b c
x2 yz y2 zx z2 xy P(a) = a3 + 2a2 + 1
= = = k (awi)
a b c Ges P(b) = b3 + 2b2 + 1
x2 yz cÖkœg‡Z, P(a) = P(b)
=k
a ev, a3 + 2a2 + 1 = b3 + 2b2 + 1
x2 yz ev, a3 b3 + 2a2 2b2 + 1 1 = 0
A_©vr = a .............(i)
k
ev, a3 b3 + 2(a2 b2) = 0
y2 zx
Avevi,
b
=k ev, (a b)(a2 + ab + b2) + {2(a + b) (a b)} = 0
y2 zx ev, (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b) = 0
= b ................(ii)
k nq, a b = 0 A_ev, a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0
z2 xy wKš‘ a b 0 a b
Ges =k
c a + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0 (
2
z xy
2
= c ................(iii) x3 + 2x2 + 1 x(x2 + 2x 3) + 3x + 1 3x + 1
k M. = =x+
x2 + 2x 3 (x2 + 2x 3) (x + 3)(x 1)
GLb, evgcÿ = (a + b + c)(x + y + z)
3x + 1
x2 yz y2 zx z2 xy GLv‡b, GKwU cÖKZ
… fMœvsk|
= (x + 3)(x 1)
k + k + k (x + y + z) [(i), (ii) I (iii) bs †_‡K] 3x + 1 A B
x2 yz + y2 zx + z2 xy awi, ≡ + .............(i)
= (x + 3)(x 1) x + 3 x 1
k (x + y + z) mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 3)(x 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
1
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx) 3x + 1 ≡ A(x 1) + B(x + 3) ..................(ii)
k
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
1 3
= (x + y3 + z3 3xyz) 31 + 1 = A(1 1) + B(1 + 3)
k
1 ev, 3 + 1 = A 0 + B.4
= (x3 xyz + y3 xyz + z3 xyz)
k ev, 4 = 4B
1
= {x(x2 yz) + y(y2 zx) + z(z2 xy)} B=1
k
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
(x2 yz) (y2 zx) (z2 xy)
=x +y +z 3( 3) + 1 = A( 3 1) + B( 3 + 3)
k k k
ev, 9 + 1 = A( 4) + B 0
= ax + by + cz [(i), (ii) I (iii) bs n‡Z]
= Wvbcÿ ev, 8 = 4A
(a + b + c)(x + y + z) = ax + by + cz A=2
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
x3 + 2x2 + 1
3x + 1 2 1
x2 + 2x 3 = +
(x + 3)(x 1) x+3 x1
K. ni‡K x 3 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? 2 wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk,
L. fMœvskwUi je‡K x a Ges x b Øviv fvM Ki‡j x3 + 2x2 + 1 1 2
=x+ +
GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K, †hLv‡b a b Z‡e †`LvI †h, x2 + 2x 3 x1 x+3
a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0 4 P(x) = x2 9x 6, Q(x) = x3 + x2 6x
M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
K. P(x) †K x + 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e Zv
35 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ †ei Ki| 2
K. awi, (x) = x2 + 2x 3 L. Q(x) †K Drcv`K Dccv`¨ e¨envi K‡i Drcv`‡K
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 83
we‡kølY Ki| 4 K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
P(x) L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
Q(x) 1 1 1
36 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb M. x y = , y z = , z x = n‡j, cÖgvY Ki
p q r
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x2 9x 6 †h, pq + qr + rp = 0 A_ev p = q = r 4
P(x) †K x + 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2). 37 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
GLb P(2) = (2)2 9(2) 6 K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
= 4 + 18 6 GLb, F(y, z, x) = (y z)3 + (z x)3 + (x y)3
= 16 (Ans.) = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = x3 + x2 6x = F(x, y, z)
= x(x2 + x 6) Avevi, F(z, x, y) = (z x)3 + (x y)3 + (y z)3
awi, R(x) = x2 + x 6 = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
R(x) Gi gyL¨ mnM 1 Ges aªæe c` 6 = F(x, y, z)
6 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU = {1, 2, 3, 6} F(x, y, z) = F(y, z , x) = F(z, x, y)
R(1) = 12 + 1 6 = 4 0 AZGe, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk|
R(1) = (1)2 1 6 = 6 0 L. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
R(2) = 22 + 2 6 = 0 F(x, y, z) = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
(x 2), R(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
GLb, x2 + x 6 = (x y)3 + y3 3y2z + 3yz2 z2 + z3 3z2x + 3zx2 x3
= (x y)3 + 3z(x2 y2) 3z2(x y) (x3 y3)
= x2 2x + 3x 6
= (x y)3 + 3z(x + y)(x y) 3z2 (x y) (x y) (x2 + xy + y2)
= x(x 2) + 3(x 2)
= (x y){(x y)2 + 3z(x + y) 3z2 (x2 + xy + y2)}
= (x 2)(x + 3)
= (x y)(x2 2xy + y2 + 3zx + 3yz 3z2 x2 xy y2)
Q(x) = xR(x)
= (x y) {3z(y z) 3x(y z)}
= x(x 2) (x + 3) (Ans.)
= 3(x y)(y z)(z x) (Ans.)
P(x) x2 9x 6
M. = 1
Q(x) x3 + x2 6x M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, x y =
p
ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, x3 + x2 6x = x(x 2)(x + 3)
1
P(x) x2 9x 6 yz=
= q
Q(x) x(x 2)(x + 3)
1
x2 9x 6 A B C Ges z x =
r
awi, ≡ + + ............(i)
x(x 2)(x + 3) x x 2 x + 3 ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
(i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x 2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3 = 3(x y)(y z)(z x)
x 9x 6 ≡ A (x 2) (x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x 2) ...(ii)
2
ev, (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3 3(x y)(y z)(z x) = 0
GLb (ii) bs Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
ev, + + 3 . = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
6 = A(2)(3) + 0 + 0
p q r p q r
ev, 6A = 6
ev, + + + + = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
A=1 2 p q r p q q r r p
ev, + + + + = 0
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB, 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
p q r p q q r r p
4 18 6 = 0 + B . 2(5) + 0
1 1 1
ev, 20 = 10B + + =0
p q r
B=2 qr + rp + pq
ev, =0
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, pqr
9 + 27 6 = 0 + 0 + C(3)(5) ev, qr + rp + pq = 0
ev, 30 = 15C pq + qr + rp = 0
C=2
A_ev, + + = 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB, p q q r r p
x2 9x 6 1 2 2 [†h‡nZz KZK¸‡jv ivwki e‡M©i mgwó 0 n‡j Zviv c„_K c„_Kfv‡e 0 nq]
= + (Ans.)
x(x 2)(x + 3) x x2 x + 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 0, =0 Ges = 0
p q q r r p
F(x, y, z) = (x y)3 + (y z)3 + (z x)3
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 84
1 1 1 1 1 1 p=q q=r r=p
ev, ev, = ev, =
p q q r r q myZivs pq + qr + rp = 0 A_ev p = q = r
m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn
x P(a) = 2a3 + 2a2 + 3a + 1 3 2
x + 3x + 1
x + 2x 3
2
K. eûc`x ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2a + 1) 4 K. fMœvskwU cÖK…Z bv AcÖK…Z Zv wba©viY Ki| 2
M. eûc`xwU‡K (2a +1) Øviv fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? 4 L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges fMœvskwU‡K GKwU eûc`x Ges
1 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4
M.
4 M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
P(x) = 2x2 + 3 g(x) = y25y + 4 x3 + 2x2 + 1 3x +1
DËi : K. m¤ú„³; L. 2 ,x+ ;
K. P(5) wbY©q Ki| 2 x + 2x 3 (x 1)(x + 3)
L. g(y) †K (y 4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj P(5) Gi mgvb n‡j y-Gi gvb x3 + 2x2 + 1 1 2
M. 2 =x+ +
KZ? 4 x + 2x 3 x1 x+3
5x 7 F(a, b, c) = (a b) + (b c) + (c a)
3 3 3
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j AvswkK fMœvs‡k wewfbœ ivwk
(x1)(x 2)
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß ‘y’ Gi gv‡bi mgvb n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) = 3(a b)(b c)(c a) 4
(K) P(5) = 53; (L) y = 4, x = 2.05
1 1 1
x (x + 3)(x2 9)(x3 + 27) (x4 M. a b = , b c = Ges c a = n‡j †`LvI †h,
x y z
81) xy + yz + zx = 0 A_ev, x = y = z 4
K. ivwk¸‡jv n‡Z GKwU cÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk I GKwU AcÖK…Z g~j` I fMœvsk ˆZwi 5 4 3 2
P(x) = ax + bx + cx + cx + bx + a
Ki| 2
x3 + 27 K. P(x) Gi gvÎv, aªæe c`, gyL¨ c` I gyL¨ mnM wbY©q Ki| 2
L. †K m¤¢ve¨ AvswkK fMœvs‡ki mgwóiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4
x2 9 L. x1 Øviv P(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl wbY©q Ki| †`LvI †h, x + 1, P(x)
M. cÖ_g wØZxq Ges PZz_© ivwkmg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwki mgwói Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4
mijgvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M. †`LvI †h, (x r), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, (rx 1); P(x) Gi GKwU
x3 (x 3)(I + 9)
2 Drcv`K| 4
K. cÖK…Z, AcÖK…Z;
x2 3x + 9 x2 3x + 9 DËi : K. 5, a, ax5, a; L. 2(a + b + c)
9 x3 2x2 + 9x 17
F(a, b, c) = a + b + c 3abc
3 3 3
L. x + ; M.
x3 x4 81
P(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz K. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
L. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(a + b + c ab bc ca)
2 2 2
Q(x) = x R(x) = (x 1)(x2 + 4)
K. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 1
= (a + b + c){(a b) + (b c) + (c a) }
2 2 2
4
2
Q(x)
L. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
M. F , , = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, bc + ca + ab = 0
R(x) 1 1 1
a b c
M. x = b + c a, y = c + a b, z = a + b c n‡j †`LvI †h, 4P(a,
A_ev, a = b = c 4
b, c) = P(x, y, z) 4
F(a, b, c) = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (a + b + c)(ab +
K. (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx);
bc + ca) = abc
1 x4
L.
5(x 1) 5(x2 + 4) K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) = 0 4
y2 + y 1
5
y3 + y2 6y M. †`LvI †h, (a + b + c) = a5 + b5 + c5 4
K. hyw³mn fMœvskwUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 P(x) = 5x2 2xy 3y2
L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges ni‡K y + 3 Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h fvM‡kl
K. ivwkwUi c` I cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv wbY©q Ki| 2
_v‡K Zv fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
L. P(2, 1) wbY©q Ki| 4
M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
M. ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
L. 0
K. 3, 2; L. P(2, 1) = 13; M. (x y) (5x + 3y)
y2 + y 1 1 1 1
M. 3 = + + x, y F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3
y + y2 6y 6y 2(y 2) 3(y + 3) z
3xyz
beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ 85
K. F(a, b, c) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, GwU GKwU Pµ-µwgK I cÖwZmg ivwk| M. hw` a = y + z x, b = z + x y, c = x + y z nq, Z‡e †`LvI
2 †h, F(a, b, c) = 4F(x, y, z) 4
1
L. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2} 4
2
Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb
†fbwPÎ †_‡K, A B = (x + 2, x 1}
U x = 2 n‡j, AB = {4, 1}
A B P(AB) = {{4}, {1}, {4, 1}, }
x
x+1 x+2 P(B) P(AB) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x+3 M. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cvB, n(C A B) = 2x + 3
x+4 x1 awi, (x) = 2x + 3 = y
ev, 2x = y 3
2x + 3 y 3
C ev, x = = 1(y)
2
K. P(x) = 2x2 + 3x n‡j, P( 2) wbY©q Ki| 2
x3
L. x = 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, P(B) P(A B)| 4 1(x) =
2
M. (x) = n (C A B) n‡j †`LvI †h, (x) 33 0
1(3) = = =0
GK-GK dvskb I (3) = 0.
1
4 2 2
50 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 1(3) = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 2x2 + 3x Avevi, awi, x1, x2 †Wvg
P(2) = 2(2)2 + 3 (2) (x) dvskb GK GK n‡e, hw` I †Kej hw` (x1) =(x2) Gi Rb¨ x1 =
= 24 6 x2 nq|
= 8 6 Zvn‡j, (x1) =(x2)
= 2 Ans. 2x1 + 3 = 2x2 + 3
L. †fbwPÎ †_‡K, B = (x 1, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3) 2x1 = 2x2
x = 2 n‡j, B = {1, 3, 4, 5} x1 = x2
P(B) = {{1}}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {3, 4}, (x) GK GK dvskb| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
{3, 5}, {4, 5}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, {1, 3, 4, 5}, }
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