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AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Industrial Technology
ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

ENSCI 4- Computer Aided Drafting

MODULE 2

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R.P. ROSELO-2019
Disclaimer and Copyright

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No part of this module/publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or

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without the prior written permission of the author.

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 MODULE 2

I. Desired Learning Outcome: Use 2D commands, tools, different methods

and options to draw 2d objects and specials
objects.

Identify the different tools and commands

used to create 2D objects.

Topics: Creating 2d objects

A. Linear Commands
B. Curve Commands
C. Special Objects

Time Frame: 6 hours (3 Weeks)

II. Introduction

In this lesson, you will learn how to create 2D objects using commands such as lines, circles,
arcs, rectangles, and polygons. Mastering these commands involves more than just knowing where
the command is and how it works.

After learning about the commands and features available, you can determine the methods
that work best for you.

2.1 LINEAR COMMANDS

a.) Line Command . Use the Line command to create a single line or multiple
line segments from a start point to an endpoint.

 Command Options
The following Line command options are available from the shortcut menu (right-
click) or the Command Line:

Option Description
 First point Specify the start point of the line segment (default).
 Next point Specify the endpoint of the line segment. Continue to
Specify next points for additional line segments (default).
 Undo Removes the previous line segment without exiting the
Line command. Select or enter capitalized letters only.
 Close Appears only after you have drawn two line segments.

Uses the first point of the line segments as the next point
for the current segment to create a closed boundary of line
segments. Select or enter capitalized letters only.

 Line Command Guidelines

Use to create a single line or multiple line segments.

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 Use the Close option to connect the last segment to the beginning of the first segment.
 Line segments, even though connected, are separate, independent objects.
 If you begin the Line command and press ENTER instead of selecting a start point, the
Line will resume at the last point selected, such as the end of the previous line.
 You can Undo a line segment without completely exiting the line command by typing
U and then pressing ENTER, or selecting Undo.

 To activate Line Command you can do the following:

 Command Line: Line, L
 Ribbon: Home tab > Draw panel > select Line
 Menu Bar: Draw > Line

 Methods of Creating Objects using Line Command

1.) Absolute Coordinates Method. Using Absolute Coordinates specify a point by

entering its X and Y values in the format #X,Y. Use this method when you know the
precise X and Y values of the location of the point.

Exercise 1

Draw Figure 2.1.1 using Line command: Absolute Coordinates method.

Command: l (enter)
LINE Specify first point: (Type) 5, 6
Specify next point or [Undo]: 11, 6
Specify next point or [Undo]: 11, 8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 13, 8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 13, 12
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 11, 12
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 11, 14
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:# 5, 14
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C.
See Figure 2.1.1.

2.) Relative Coordinates use relative coordinates when you Drawn using Absolute
know the location of a point in relation to the previous Coordinates Method
point. Relative coordinates are based on the last point
entered. Use format @X,Y. Figure 2.1.1

Exercise 2

Draw Figure 2.1.2 using Line command: Relative

Coordinates method.

Command: l (enter)
LINE Specify first point: 5, 6
Specify next point or [Undo]: @6, 0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0, 2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2, 0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0, 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-2, 0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0, 2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-6, 0 Drawn using Relative Coordinates Method
or type C
See Figure 2.1.2. Figure 2.1.2

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3.) Absolute Polar Coordinates. Absolute polar coordinates are measured from the UCS
origin (0, 0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use absolute polar
coordinates when you know the precise distance and angle coordinates of the point.

Exercise 3

Draw Figure 2.1.3 Using Line command: Absolute Polar Coordinates

method.

Command: l (enter)
LINE Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: 4<120
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5<53
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5<344
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
See Figure 2.1.3

Drawn using Absolute Polar Coordinates Method

Figure 2.1.3

4.) Relative Polar Coordinates specify a point by entering a distance and

an angle relative to the last point in the format @Distance<Polar Angle.

Exercise 4

Draw Figure 2.1.4 using Line command: Relative Polar Coordinates

method.

Command: l (line)
LINE Specify first point: 5,6
Specify next point or [Undo]: @6<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @2<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @6<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
See Figure 2.1.4

Drawn using Relative Polar Coordinates Method

Figure 2.1.4
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5.) Direct Distance Entry specifies a point by moving your pointing device to the
direction of the point and entering a distance.

Note:
The direct distance entry method is not available while you are using temporary override
keys for Ortho, object snap tracking, or polar tracking.

 Ortho or Polar must be ON.

Exercise 5

Draw Figure 2.1.5 using Line command: Direct Distance Entry method.

Command: l (Line)
LINE Specify first point: 3, 4
Specify next point or [Undo]: 2 move cursor to the direction of B and type 2

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6

Drawn using Direct
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3 Distance Entry Method

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2 Figure 2.1.5

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3

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Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C

See Figure 2.1.5

6.) Polar Tracking and Snap specify a point by moving your pointing device to the
direction of the point and follows temporary alignment paths to locate point.
Note: SNAP On
POLAR On
Increment Angle = 45 Polar
distance = 2.0

Exercise 6

Draw Figure 2.1.6 using Line command: Polar Tracking and Snap method.

Command: l (line)
LINE Specify first point: pick any pt.
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
See Figure 2.1.6
Drawn using Polar Tracking
b.) Trace Command creates solid lines, no undo, and
and Snap Method
has no Close feature and hard to copy.
Figure 2.1.6
Exercise 7

Draw Figure 2.1.7 using Trace command

Command: Trace
Specify trace width <0.0500>: .05
Specify start point: Pick pt. A
Specify next point: @4<0
Specify next point: @3<90
Specify next point: @4<180
Specify next point: @3<270
Specify next point: press enter 2x
See Figure 2.1.7

Drawn using Traced Command

c.) Fill Command
Figure 2.1.7
Exercise 8

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Apply Fill On/Off Command to Figure 2.1.7.

Command: Fill
Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: OFF

d.) Regen Command - use the Regen command to regenerate all the geometry in the
drawing. Use the Regenall command to regenerate all the geometry when
there are multiple drawing viewports.

Exercise 9

Apply Regeneration Command to Figure 2.1.7.

Command: Regen
Regenerating model. See Figure 2.1.7.

e.) PLine (Polyline) Command - Polylines are special types of entities that
incorporate segments of common entities such as lines and arcs into a single object.

Exercise 10

Draw Figure 2.1.8 using PLine Command

Command: PL(PLINE)
Specify start point: pick any pt.
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @4<0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @3<90
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @4<180
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c

PLine Command with options: Line

and width=0

Figure 2.1.8

Exercise 11

Draw Figure 2.1.9 using PLine Command

Command: PL (PLINE)
Specify start point: pick any pt.
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
Specify starting width <0.0000>: 1
Specify ending width <1.0000>: 1
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @3<0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/

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Radius/Secondpt/Undo/Width]: @2,-2
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/
Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: w
Specify starting width <1.0000>: 2
Specify ending width <2.0000>: 0
Specify endpoint of arc or[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/
Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @2<270
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: enter

PLine Command with options: Line, Arc,

and width >0

Figure 2.1.9

f.) Ray Command - creates semi-infinite

lines commonly used as construction Lines.
A ray has a finite starting point and extends
to infinity.

Exercise12

Draw Figure 2.1.10 using Ray Command

Command: Ray (enter)

Specify start point: pick pt. A
Specify through point: B
Specify through point: C
Specify through point: D Drawn using Ray Command
Specify through point: enter
Figure 2.1.10

g.) XLine/Construction Lines Command - creates infinite lines, which are

commonly used as construction lines.

Exercise13

Draw Figure 2.1.11 using XLine

Command: Horizontal option

Command: xline
Specify a point or
[Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: h Xline Command with option:
Specify through point: pick pt. A Horizontal
Specify through point: B
Specify through point: C Figure 2.1.11
Specify through point: D
Specify through point: E

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Exercise14

Draw Figure 2.1.12 using XLine Command: Vertical

option.
Command: xline
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: v
Specify through point: pick pt. A
Specify through point: B
Specify through point: C
Specify through point: D
Specify through point: E
Specify through point: F
Specify through point: enter Xline Command with option: Vertical
Exercise 15 Figure 2.1.12
Draw Figure 2.1.13 using XLine

Command: Angle option.

Command: xline
XLINE Specify a point or
[Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: a
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: 45
Specify through point: pick pt. A
Specify through point: B Xline Command with option: Angle
Specify through point: C
Specify through point: D Figure 2.1.13
Specify through point: enter

Exercise 16

Draw Figure 2.1.14 using Xline Command:

Bisector option.

Command: xline
XLINE Specify a point or
[Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B
Specify angle vertex point: pick end pt. E Xline Command with option: Bisector
Specify angle start point: pick Line A
Specify angle end point: B Figure 2.1.14
Specify angle end point: C
Specify angle end point: enter

h.) Sketch Command – a command for freehand drawing, comprising of small line
segments. Sketch is useful for entering small map outlines or creating irregular
boundaries, signatures, or other freehand drawings.

Exercise 17

Draw Figure 2.1.15 using Sketch Command: Ortho ON / OFF

Command: sketch
Record increment <0.0100>: enter
Sketch. Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect .<Pen down><Pen up>
307 lines recorded.
Record increment <0.1000>: .01

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Note:
Set: SKPOLY= 0, generates lines
SKPOLY = 1, generates polylines

Drawn using Sketch

Command
 To erase freehand lines enter E then, move the cursor
to the end of the line you drawn last and then move it Figure 2.1.15
back as far along the line as you want to erase.

 To end the erasure and return to the SKETCH Command prompt, enter P and
then move the mouse.

i.) MLines Command - Multilines are composed of 1 to 16 parallel lines,

called elements.

 Justification- determines dragline location

Scale – controls overall width of multilines

 Style - specifies to use for Mlines

Mlines Options

Figure 2.1.16
Exercise 18

Draw Figure 2.1.17 using MLines Command.

Command: ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: j
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: Z
Current settings: Justification = Zero, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: s
Enter mline scale <1.00>: .5
Current settings: Justification = Zero, Scale = 0.50, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: pick pt. A
Specify next point: @4<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @3<270
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C

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 Rectangle drawn using
MLine Command

Figure 2.1.17

j.) MLStyle Command - create named styles for multilines to control the number
of elements and the properties of each element. The style also controls the
background fill and the end cap.

Create New ML Style Dialog Box and Multiline Style Dialog Box

Figure 2.1.18

New Multiline Style Dialog Box

Figure 2.1.19

Select Linetype Dialog Box and Load or Reload Dialog Box

Figure 2.1.20

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Exercise19

Creating MLStyle

Steps:
1. Command: MLSTYLE
2. In Multiline Style Dialog Box, click New Button. See Figure 2.1.18
3. In Create New Multiline Style Dialog Box, enter New style Name: WINDOW and
click Continue Button.
4. In New Multilines Style, do the following: See Figure 2.1.19

 Enter Description: 3LINES

 In Caps portal: at Lines, check start and end.
 In Elements portal click Add button once.
 Click at Offset column of each line, then type the offset value at offset input box.
 Click at Color column of each line, then select the required color at color list.
 Click at Linetype column of each line, then click Linetype Button.

5. From Select Linetype Dialog box, click Load Button. See Figure 2.1.20
6. From Load and Reload Linetype, select the required Linetype and click Ok. Then from
Select Linetype Dialog Box, select the Line type you want to apply. Click Ok.
7. From New Multiline Style dialog box, click Ok.
8. In Multiline Style Dialog Box, Click Save (save the style) and choose Ok.

Exercise 20

Creating Multilines

Command: MLINE
Current settings: Justification = Zero, Scale = 0.50, Style = WINDOW
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Pick pt.A
Specify next point: Pick pt. B
Specify next point or [Undo]: Enter
See Figure 2.1.21

Drawn Lines using Multilines Command

Figure 2.1.21

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k.) MLEdit Command .Modifies multiline objects.

Exercise 21

Editing Mlines

1. Draw 2 Mlines that cross each other. See Figure 2.1.22

2. From Multilines Edit Tools apply options: Click on the icon.

Multilines Edit Tools

Figure 2.1.22

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 Activity 2-1.

Draw the figure shown below using linear commands, then File Save as Activity 2-1.

1. Open a new drawing file;

2. Set the units in meter, then draw the figure (do not include the dimension);

3. Save as Activity 2-1(in your laptop or USB) –as CAD Drawing file;

4. Then Save as PDF File and send to my gmail address: roselorowena@[Link] on

October 2, 2020.

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2.2 CURVE COMMANDS

a.) Circle Command .

Exercise 1

Creating Circle using option:

Center, Radius

Command: C

CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or Circle Command

[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: click any point.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <1.0000>: 2 Figure 2.2.1

Circle Command using Option:

Center, Radius

Figure 2.2.2

Exercise 2

Creating Circle using option: Diameter

Command: C
Command: _circle Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: click any point
See Figure 2.2.2
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <2.0000>: d Circle Command using
Specify diameter of circle <4.0000>: 3 Option: Diameter
See Figure 2.2.3
Figure 2.2.3
Exercise 3

Creating Circle using option: 2Points

Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p.
Specify first end point of circle's diameter: pick A.
Specify second end point of circle's diameter: pick B.
See Figure 2.2.4
Circle Command using Option: 2Points
Exercise 4
Figure 2.2.4
Creating Circles using option:
3Points

Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3p
Specify first point on circle: pick A Circle Command using Option: 3Points
Specify second point on circle: pick B
Specify third point on circle: pick C Figure 2.2.5

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See Figure 2.2.5

Exercise 5

Creating Circles using option: Tan, Tan. Radius

Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ttr
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: pick tan A
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: pick tan B
Specify radius of circle <0.8465>: 2
See figure 2.2.6

Circle Command using Option:

Tan, Tan, Radius

Figure 2.2.6

Exercise 6

Creating Circles using option: Tan, Tan, Tan

Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ttt
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: pick tan A
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: pick tan B
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: pick tan C
See Figure 2.2.7

Circle Command using

Option: Tan, Tan, Tan

Figure 2.2.7

b.) Arc Command creates an Arc, default direction is counter-clockwise.

Exercise 7

Creating an Arc using option: 3Points Arc

Command: A
ARC Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick 1st pt.
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: pick 2nd pt.
Specify end point of arc: pick 3rd pt.
See Figure 2.2.8.

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 Arc Command using Option: 3Points

Figure 2.2.8

Exercise 8

Creating an Arc using option: Continue Arc

Command: A
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick pt.1
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: pick pt.2
Specify end point of arc: pick pt.3
Command: enter
ARC Specify start point of arc or [Center]: enter
Specify end point of arc: pick pt.4
Command: enter Arc Command using Option:
ARC Specify start point of arc or [Center]: enter Continue Arc
Specify end point of arc: pick pt. 5
See Figure 2.2.9 Figure 2.2.9

Exercise 9

Creating an Arc using option: Start, Center, End point

Command: From Ribbon> Home>Draw>Arc>Select SCE

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick mid C
Specify center point of arc: pick end E
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: pick mid E
See Figure 2.2.10

Arc Command using Option: SCE

Figure 2.2.10

Exercise 10

Creating an Arc using option: Start, Center, Angle

Command: From Ribbon> Home>Draw>Arc>Select SCA

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick mid S
Specify center point of arc: pick end C
Specify included angle: 90
Arc Command using Option: SCA
See Figure 2.2.11
Figure 2.2.11
Exercise 11

Creating an Arc using option: Start, Center, Length of Chord

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Command: From Ribbon> Home>Draw>Arc>Select SCL
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick mid S.
Specify center point of arc: pick mid C.
Specify length of chord: 'cal
>>>> Expression: sqrt (8)
Arc Command using Option: SLC

Figure 2.2.12

Exercise 12

Creating an Arc using option: SED (Ortho/Polar ON)

Command: From Ribbon> Home>Draw>Arc>Select SED

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: pick mid S.
Specify end point of arc: pick mid E.
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: pick Pt. L

Arc Command using Option: SED

Figure 2.2.13

c.) Donut Command . A donut consists of two arc polylines that

are joined end-to-end to create a circular shape. The width of the polylines
is determined by the specified inside and outside diameters. To create
solid-filled circles, specify an inside diameter of zero.

Exercise13

Creating a Donut with inside diameter> 0

Command: DO
Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: 1.0
Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: 2.0
Specify center of donut or <exit>: pick any point
Specify center of donut or <exit>: enter

Donut Command with inside diameter> 0

Figure 2.2.14

Exercise 14

Creating a Donut w/ inside diameter = 0

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Command: DO
Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: 0
Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: 3.0
Specify center of donut or <exit>: pick any point.
Specify center of donut or <exit>: enter
See Figure 2.2.15

Donut Command with inside diameter = 0

Figure 2.2.15

d.) Ellipse Command - creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc.

 If PELLIPSE = 1, ellipse is a pline representation

 If PELLIPSE = 0, ellipse is a true ellipse object.

Elements of an Ellipse

Figure 2.2.16

Exercise 15

Creating an Ellipse with Option: Center, ø =0

Command: EL or from Ribbon

Specify center of ellipse: Pick any point. Ellipse Command with
Specify endpoint of axis: @2<0
option: Center, ø =0
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1
See Figure 2.2.17
Figure 2.2.17

Exercise 16

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Creating an Ellipse with Option: Center, ø> 0

Command: EL
Specify center of ellipse: Pick any point.
Specify endpoint of axis: @2<45
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1
See Figure 2.2.18 Ellipse Command with
option: Center, ø >0

Exercise 17 Figure 2.2.18

Creating an Ellipse with Option: Axis, End

Command: EL or from Ribbon

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Pick axis end pt.1
Specify other endpoint of axis: @4<0
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1
See Figure 2.2.19

Exercise 18

Creating an Ellipse with Option: Elliptical Arc

Command: EL
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Ellipse Command with option:
pick pt.1 Axis, End
Specify other endpoint of axis: @4<0
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1 Figure 2.2.19
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: 0
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 180
See Figure 2.2.20
Ellipse Command with option:
Elliptical Arc

Figure 2.2.20

Note: The order in which the start and end angles are specified will determine which part
of the ellipse is removed.

e.) Spline Command. A spline is a smooth curve that passes through or near a given set
of points. A Spline Command creates a particular type of spline known as a non-uniform
rational B-spline (NURBS) curve. An NURBS curve produces a smooth curve between
control points.

Exercise 19

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Creating a Spline

Command: SPL
Specify first point or [Object]: pick A.
Specify next point: pick B.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: pick C.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: pick D.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: pick E.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: enter
Specify start tangent: enter
Specify end tangent: enter
See Figure 2.2.21.

A Spline or an NURBS Curve

Figure 2.2.21

Note: If the spline's control frame is turned on (the SPLFRAME system variable is set to
1, grips are displayed on both the spline's control points and its fit points, when
available.

Tolerance refers to how closely the spline fits the set of fit points you specify. The lower
the tolerance, the more closely the spline fits the points.

See Figure 2.2.22

A Spline with SPLFRAME = 1

Figure 2.2.22

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f.) 2D Helix Command creates a 2D spiral or 3D spring.

Exercise 20
A 2D Helix
Creating a Spline
Creating a Helical Spring Figure 2.2.23

Command: Helix
Number of turns = 4.0000 Twist=CCW
Specify center point of base: pick any point.
Specify base radius or [Diameter] <0.5000>: 2
Specify top radius or [Diameter] <2.0000>: 1
Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist] <4.0000>: t
Enter number of turns <4.0000>: 5
Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist] <4.0000>: w
Enter twist direction of helix [CW/CCW] <CCW>: enter
Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist] <4.0000>: 8
See Figure 2.2.23

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Activity 2-2.

Draw the figure shown below, then File Save as Activity 2-2.

1. Open a new drawing file;

2. Set the units in meter, then draw the figure (do not include the dimension);
3. Save as Activity 2-2(in your laptop or USB) –as CAD Drawing file;
4. Then Save as PDF File and send to my gmail address: roselorowena@[Link]
on October 9, 2020.

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2.3 SPECIAL OBJECTS

a.) Rectangle Command . A pline entity draws rectangular object. Two

specified points determine the diagonal corners of a rectangle with sides
parallel to the X and Y axes.

Exercise1

Creating a 8 X 5 rectangle by corners point, width= 0

Command: Rec or from draw tool bars click

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: pick
pt.1
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @8, 5
See Figure 2.3.1

A Rectangle by corner points and width= 0

Figure 2.3.1

Exercise 2

Creating a 5x8 rectangle by dimension, width =0

Command: Rec
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: pick pt. A
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d
Specify length for rectangles <10.0000>: 8
Specify width for rectangles <10.0000>: 5
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any pt.
See Figure 2.3.2

A Rectangle by dimension and width= 0

Figure 2.3.2

Exercise 3

Creating a 5x8 rectangle with option chamfer d1=d2= 1.5

Command: rec
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: c
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 1.5
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <0.5000>: 1.5
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: pick any point
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d

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Specify length for rectangles <10.0000>: 8
Specify width for rectangles <10.0000>: 5
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any point.
See Figure 2.3.3

A Rectangle with option:

chamfer d1=d2= 1.5

Figure 2.3.3

Exercise 3

Creating a 5x8 rectangle with option: Width=0.5

Command: rec
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: w
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 0.5
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d
Specify length for rectangles <8.0000>: enter
Specify width for rectangles <5.0000>: enter
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any point
See Figure 2.3.4

A Rectangle using option width= 0.5

Figure 2.3.4

Exercise 4

Creating a 5x8 rectangle with option: Fillet Radius=2

Command: rec
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: 1.5
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify another corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d
Specify length for rectangles <8.0000>: enter
Specify width for rectangles <5.0000>: enter
Specify another corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any point.
See Figure 2.3.5

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 A Rectangle using option: Fillet Radius= 1.5

Figure 2.3.5

Exercise 5

Creating a 5x8 rectangle with options: Fillet Radius=2, Width=1

Command: rec
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: 2
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: w
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 1
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d
Specify length for rectangles <8.0000>: enter
Specify width for rectangles <5.0000>: enter
Specify another corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any point.
See Figure 2.3.6

A Rectangle using options: Fillet

Radius= 2, Width= 1.0

Figure 2.3.6

Exercise 6

Creating a 5x8 rectangle with options: Chamfer d1=d2 =1.5, Width=1

Command: rec
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: c
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 1.5
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <1.5000>: 1.5
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: w
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 1
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d
Specify length for rectangles <8.0000>: enter
Specify width for rectangles <5.0000>: enter
Specify another corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: pick any point
See Figure 2.3.7

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 A Rectangle using options: Chamfer d1= d2= 1.5,
Width= 1.0

Figure 2.3.7

b.) Polygon Command .A polyline entity. Draws 2D polygons with 3 to 1,024

sides. All sides are equal and equidistant from the center.

Exercise 7

Creating a Polygon using Circumscribed

Command: Pol
POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: pick any point
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]
<I>: C
Specify radius of circle: 2.00
See Figure 2.3.8
Polygon Command:
Circumscribed option.
Exercise 8
Figure 2.3.8
Creating a Polygon using Option: Inscribed

Command: pol
POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: pick any pt.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about
circle] <C>: i
Specify radius of circle: 'cal
>>>> Expression: sqrt(8)
Resuming POLYGON command.
Specify radius of circle: 2.8284271247462 Polygon Command:
See Figure 2.3.9 Circumscribed option

Exercise 9 Figure 2.3.9

Creating a Polygon using Option: Edge

POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: 5

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e
Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge: @4<0
See Figure 2.3.10

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 Polygon Command: Edge option.

Figure 2.3.10

c.) Solid Command creates 2D filled polygons. The first two points define one edge of
the polygon. The third point is diagonally opposite the second point and the fourth
point is diagonally opposite the first point.

Exercise10

Applying Solid to fill the wall of T & B.

Draw the T & B shown in Figure 2.3.11. Then apply solid command to fill the wall.
Command: SOLID
Specify first point: pick pt.1.
Specify second point: pick pt.2.
Specify third point: pick pt.3.
Specify fourth point or <exit>: pick pt.4.
And so on…….then press enter after specifying pt.10.

Use 4m x 3m dimension,
0.15m wall thickness.

Solid Command

Figure 2.3.11

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d.) Hatch Command. Line patterns used to fill a close area (pline, 3Dface, etc.)
A hatch pattern acts as one unit, unless exploded.
 Types of Hatch Patterns:
 User-defined – creates a pattern of lines based on the current linetype in your
drawing. You choose the angle and spacing of lines in user-defined pattern.
 Predefined – specifies a stored predefined AutoCAD pattern. You could control
the angle and scale of any stored pattern.
 Custom- specifies a pattern that is defined in any custom. PAT file that you have
added to the Autocad search path.

Hatch and Gradient Dialog Box: Applying Hatch Pattern.

Figure 2.3.12

Exercise 11

Applying Hatch Pattern

 Draw the Figure 2.3.13.

 Com: H
From hatch dialog box, set the following: see Figure 2.3.12.
1. Type and Pattern
 Type: Select Predefined
 Pattern: Select Honey
2. Scale and Angle
 Angle: 45
 Scale: 1

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3. Specify boundary: See Figure 2.3.13.
 Click: Add Select Object and from your drawing, select a closed object. You may
establish a boundary using command boundary or command: BO and select a
closed object.
 Click: Add pick points and from your drawing pick an internal closed area. So
pick point 1, point 2, and point 3.
4. Click Preview
5. Click Ok.

T & B to be Hatch Using

boundary: Add Select points

Figure 2.3.13

Note: In applying hatch, the area to be

hatched must be closed. Check the
scale and the Fill mode.

e.) Gradient Command .A gradient fill creates a transition between shades of

one color or between two colors. A gradient fill is a solid hatch fill that gives the blended-
color effect of a surface with light on it. The color in a gradient fill makes a smooth
transition from light to dark or from dark to light, and back. In a two-color gradient fill,
the transition is both from light to dark and from the first color to the second.

Exercise 12

Applying Two – Color Gradient

 Draw the Figure 2.3.15

 Command: Gradient
From Hatch and Gradient dialog box set the value of required elements:
1. Color: Click the Two Color Button.
2. From Color input Box:
 Color 1: select Cyan
 Color 2: select Blue
3. From Gradient pattern: Click One pattern from the six different patterns.
4. FromColor Orientation: Check the Centered Box
5. From Angle Orientation: Select 60 degrees.
6. Then click Add pick points.
7. Pick internal point or [Select objects/remove Boundaries]: Pick pt1
See Figure 2.3.15.
8. Pick or press Esc to return to dialog or Right-click to accept hatch

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9. Then, from hatch and Gradient dialog box click Preview, then right-click to accept the
set up.

Hatch and Gradient Dialog Box:

Two – Color Gradient

Figure 2.3.14

Applying Two – Color Gradient

Figure 2.3.15

f.) Revision Cloud Command .Revision clouds are polylines that consist of
sequential arcs. They are used to call attention to parts of a drawing during the review
stage.

Exercise 13

Creating Revision Cloud using option: Scratch, Normal

Command: REV CLOUD

Minimum arc length: 0.5000 Maximum arc length: 0.5000 Style: Normal
Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] <Object>: pick pt.1.
Guide crosshairs along cloud path...( move the mouse in the direction that you wish the
shape of cloud looks like).
Revision cloud finished.

Revision Cloud using option: Scratch, Normal

Figure 2.3.16

Exercise 14

Creating Revision Cloud using option: Scratch, Normal

Command: REVCLOUD
Minimum arc length: 0.5000 Maximum arc length: 0.5000 Style:
Normal
Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] <Object>: O
Select object: select the circle.
Reverse direction [Yes/No] <No>: enter

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Revision cloud finished.
See Figure 2.3.17

Revision Cloud using option: Object,

Normal

Figure 2.3.17

Exercise 15

Creating Revision Cloud using option: Scratch, Calligraphy

Command: REVCLOUD
Minimum arc length: 0.5000 Maximum arc length: 0.5000 Style: Normal
Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] <Object>: S
Select arc style [Normal/Calligraphy] <Normal>: C
Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] <Object>: pick any pt.
Guide crosshairs along cloud path...
Revision cloud finished.

Revision Cloud using option: Scratch, Calligraphy

Figure 2.3.18

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Activity 2-3.
Draw the Printing Shop Floor Plan (excluding dimension & text).
a.) Wall thickness = 0.20 m; use solid command to indicate on fill walls.
b.) Entrance door = 1.0 m and exit door = 0.6m.
c.) Draw fixtures 1, 2, 3, and 4 (any size).
d.) Draw window using Mlines command.
e.) Hatch the floor area (any hatch pattern); and apply 2-color gradient (any 2-color) to fixtures.
f.) Save as: Printing shop.

1. Open a new drawing file;

2. Set the units in meter, then draw the figure (do not include the dimension);
3. Save as Printing shop (in your laptop or USB) –as CAD Drawing file;
4. Then Save as PDF File and send to my gmail address: roselorowena@[Link]
on October 9, 2020.

Prepared by: Engr. R. Roselo | 34

LIST OF REFERENCES

CAD Software2010 User’s Manual.

David Harrington, Bill Burchard, and DavidPitzer. Inside AutoCAD

2002; copyright by New Riders Publishing,201 West 103rd St.,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46290.

Kristen Kurland.[PDF]AutoCAD 3D® Training Manual;

[Link]/data/.../Autocad%203d%20training%20manual.
P...Copyright © 2004.

MicroCADDTechnologies Co (2002). AutoCAD 2002 Manual;Cubao, Quezon

City.

ROSELO, R.P.(2019). Instructional Manual In Computer-Aided Drafting(DRAW2),

Kalibo, Aklan

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