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Q3 PHYSICAL SCIENCE gases. Many of these families belong to a single group on the periodic table.
However, not all of the families overlap with periodic table groups. 
W1 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
ACTIVITY 1
DAY 1 WHAT IS THE PERIODIC TABLE?
1. Create your Periodic Table. COLOR and label the families.
The periodic table is how we arrange all of the known chemical elements, and 2. Complete the bottom activity
group similar ones together. These elements are what form everything in the
world.
They can be a solid, liquid, or gas, depending on temperature, and most occur
naturally, for example, oxygen, sodium, carbon, helium, and gold.
Each square on the table includes a number, as well as some letters.
The letters are simply the chemical name for each element, e.g. copper is ‘cu’,
while the number is the atomic number (or proton number). This is the
number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.
HOW MANY ELEMENTS ARE IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?
There are currently 118 known elements, of these 94 are believed to exist
naturally on Earth.
WHO INVENTED THE PERIODIC TABLE?
The modern periodic table was created in 1869 by the Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleyev.
HOW IS THE PERIODIC
TABLE ARRANGED?
The modern periodic
table consists of
horizontal rows, which
are called periods, and
vertical columns, which are called groups.
PERIODIC TABLE GROUPS
There are 18 of these in the modern periodic table, each represented by a
vertical column. There are families which are groups of elements with similar
properties. These families are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition
metals, post-transition metals, metalloids, halogens, noble metals, and noble

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DAY 2 ATOMIC NUMBER, MASS NUMBER, AND ISOTOPES The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its mass
number.
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. The electrons are arranged in
shells around the nucleus. The periodic table is a chart of all the elements The chemical symbol of chlorine-35
arranged in increasing atomic numbers. The proton number is shown below the chemical symbol, and the mass
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM number is shown above. In this example, the atomic number is 17
The nuclear model and the mass number is 35. This means that each of these atoms has:
Atoms contain three sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and  17 protons
electrons.  17 electrons
 35 - 17 = 18 neutrons
The protons and neutrons
are found in the nucleus at Isotopes are atoms of an element with the normal number of protons
the center of the atom. The and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same
nucleus is very much atomic number, but different mass numbers.
smaller than the atom as a Isotopes can either be radioactive or non-radioactive. For example, 14C is used
whole. The electrons are in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of historical objects and 99Tc is
arranged in shells around used in medical imaging.
the nucleus.
The number of electrons in
an atom is always the same as the number of protons, so atoms are
electrically neutral overall.
Atoms can lose or gain electrons. When they do, they form charged particles
called ions:
 if an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positively
charged ion
 if an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negatively
charged ion
ISOTOPES
Atomic number and mass number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called its atomic number:
 the atoms of a particular element all have the same number of
protons
 the atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons

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ACTIVITY 2
12 13 14
Here are the Isotopes of an element: 6C 6C 6C

1. What is the name of the element?

2. What does the number “6” refer to?
3. What do the numbers “12, 13, and 14” refer to?
4. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope?
5. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope?
6. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope?
7. Complete the following table

Isotope Atomic Mass No. of No. of No. of

name Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
Uranium-
235  They have high melting and boiling points meaning they are solid at
room temperature
Uranium-  They are good conductors of heat and electricity
238
 They are shiny
Boron-10  They are malleable (flexible)
Boron-11 Other common properties of metals are:
 They are hard and strong
DAY 3 METALS AND NON-METALS  Have a high density
 They are sonorous (loud)
Most elements in the periodic table are metals, while non-metals account for
around 20% of known elements. Did you know?
The periodic table can be used to find out if an element is a metal or a non- Copper has been used since ancient times in the
metal. Metals are found on the left and in the middle, whereas non-metals are manufacture of coins. This is because copper is
all on the right. It is possible to use information about an element’s physical malleable and can be hammered into shape.
properties to classify an element. WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS?
What type of elements makeup around 20% of the periodic table? Oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and chlorine are examples of non-metal elements.

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF METALS? Non-metals have properties in common with each other. For example, they
People use lots of metallic elements in their everyday lives. These include are often:
 Poor conductors of heat and electricity
elements like iron, copper, gold, and silver.
 Dull in their appearance
Most metals share similar properties. For example:  Weak and brittle
Some other common properties of non-metals are:

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 Generally, low melting and boiling points, meaning they are gases and ACTIVITY 3.2
liquids at room temperature
 Not sonorous
Some non-metals do not have all of these common properties.
For example, carbon has two main forms - graphite found in pencils, and
diamonds. Both graphite and diamond have very high melting points and are
shiny.
Graphite conducts electricity, which is not typical of non-metals. However,
graphite is also brittle which is a typical property of non-metals.
Diamond is a form of carbon. Carbon is non-metal.
In the form of diamond, it has a high melting point and
is shiny.
Note: An element doesn’t have to have every property
of metals for you to classify it as a metal! As long as it has the most metal
properties, you can be confident that it is a metal.
Likewise, if an element has most of the properties of a typical non-metal, it
would be sensible to suggest that it is non-metal.
ACTIVITY 3.1
Determine whether it is metal or non-metal and write the name of the
element.
1. I am an element that is solid at room temperature with a very high
melting point. I am shiny and magnetic.
2. I am an element that is a gas at room temperature. I do not conduct
electricity and I am a poor conductor of heat.
3. I am an element that is a shiny solid at room temperature and I have a
high melting point. When hit with a hammer, I shatter because I am
brittle. I am a poor conductor of electricity.
4. I am an element that is a solid that melts at a low temperature when
held in the hand. I have a high density and a shiny appearance. I am a
good conductor of electricity and I am malleable.

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DAY 4 REVIEW ACTIVITIES
See how you can remember to test yourself before looking it up.

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From Day 1 lesson, answer the following questions.

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