Created by T.

Madas

DIFFERENTIATION
PRACTICE

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

THE OPERATION
OF
DIFFERENTIATION

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Evaluate the following.

d d
a)
dx
( )
5 x6
dx
( )
5 x6 = 30 x5

d  32  d  32  1
b)  2x   2 x  = 3x 2
dx   dx  

d d
c)
dx
(
6 x 4 − x3 ) dx
( )
6 x 4 − x3 = 24 x3 − 3 x 2

d d
d)
dx
(
3x 2 + 5 x + 1 ) dx
( )
3x2 + 5x + 1 = 6 x + 5

d  12  d  12  −1
e)  4x − 2x − 7   4x − 2x − 7  = 2x 2 − 2
dx   dx  

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Evaluate the following.

d d
a)
dx
( )
4 x3
dx
( )
4 x3 = 12 x 2

d d
b)
dx
( )
7 x5
dx
( )
7 x5 = 35 x 4

d d
c)
dx
(
4 x 2 + 3x 4 ) dx
( )
4 x 2 + 3 x 4 = 8 x + 12 x3

d 2 d 2
d)
dx
(
x + 7x + 5 ) dx
( )
x + 7x + 5 = 2x + 7

d  12 −2  d  12 −2  −1 −3
e)  8x + 2 x   8x + 2 x  = 4 x 2 − 4 x
dx   dx  

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

dy
a) y = x 2 − 4 x 6 = 2 x − 24 x5
dx

3 dy 1
b) y = 5 x3 − 6 x 2 = 15 x 2 − 9 x 2
dx

dy
c) y = 9 x −3 + 7 x −2 = −27 x −4 − 14 x −3
dx

dy
d) y = 5 − 5 x −1 = 5 x −2
dx

dy 1 −1
e) y = 7 x + x =7+ x 2
dx 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

dy
a) y = x6 − 7 x 2 = 6 x5 − 14 x
dx

5 dy 3
b) y = 1 − 6 x 2 = 15 x 2
dx

dy
c) y = 2 x + 8 x −2 = 2 + 16 x −3
dx

dy
d) y = ( 2 x − 1)( 4 x + 3) = 16 x + 2
dx

dy
e) y = 4 x 3 ( 2 − 3x ) = 24 x 2 − 48 x3
dx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
Find f ′ ( x ) for each of the following functions.

a) f ( x ) = 4 x3 − 9 x + 2 f ′ ( x ) = 12 x 2 − 9

− 12 − 32
b) f ( x ) = 6 x + 2x f ′ ( x ) = −3 x +2

5 3
c) f ( x ) = x 4 + 2 x 2 f ′ ( x ) = 4 x3 + 5 x 2

− 3 − 52
d) f ( x ) = 1 x 2 − 4 x 2 f ′( x) = x + 6x
2

1 − 23
e) f ( x ) = 1 x 3 + 5 x f ′( x) = 1 x +5
2 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x .

− 32 − 52
a) f ( x) = 6x + 4x +1 f ′ ( x ) = −9 x +4

b) g ( x ) = x 4 − x −1 g ′ ( x ) = 4 x3 + x −2

c) h ( x ) = 9 x 2 − 1 x 4 h′ ( x ) = 18 x − 2 x3
2

1 1 − 14 − 12 − 32 − 45
d) p ( x ) = 4 x 2 − 6 x 3 + 1 x p′ ( x ) = 2 x − 2x −1x
2 8

2
(
e) v ( x ) = 8 x + 1
2 ) v′ ( x ) = 128 x + 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Carry out the following differentiations.

d d
a)
dt
(
4t 2 − 7t + 5 ) dt
( )
4t 2 − 7t + 5 = 8t − 7

d  12 2 − 12  d  12 2 − 12  1 − 12 1 − 23
b) y −3y  y −3y = 2y +3y
dy   dy  

d d
c)
dz
(
2 z 2 − 3 z −1 + z ) dz
( )
2 z 2 − 3 z −1 + z = 4 z + 3 z −2 + 1

d  2 −3  d  2 −3  3 −
5
d) w −w 2   w − w 2  = 2w + 2 w 2
dw   dw  

d d
e)
dx
(
ax 2 − 3 x 2 ) dx
( )
ax 2 − 3 x 2 = 2ax − 6 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Carry out the following differentiations.

d d
a)
dy
(
4 y3 + 6 y + 2 ) dy
( )
4 y 3 + 6 y + 2 = 12 y 2 + 6

d 2 1
 d 2 1
 −1
b)  7t − 4t 2   7t − 4t 2  = 14t − 2t 2
dt   dt  

d d
c)
dx
(
ax 2 + bx + c ) dx
( )
ax 2 + bx + c = 2ax + b

d 1 2 1 d 1 2 1 1 1
d)  z −   z − = z+ 2
dz  4 z dz  4 z 2 z

d  1 54 k  d  1 54 k  1 − 15 2k
e)  w + 2  w + 2= w − 3
dw  4 w  dw  4 w  5 w

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9

a) If A = π x 2 − 20 x , find the rate of change of A with respect to x .

b) If V = x − 2π x3 , find the rate of change of V with respect to x .

c) If P = at 2 − bt , find the rate of change of P with respect to t .

1
d) If W = 6kh 2 − h , find the rate of change of W with respect to h .

2
e) If N = ( at + b ) , find the rate of change of N with respect to t .

dA dV dP dW −1
= 2π x − 20 , = 1 − 6π x 2 , = 2at − b , = 3kh 2 − 1 ,
dx dx dt dh
dN
= 2a 2t + 2ab
dt

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

DIFFERENTIATING
INDICES

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

dy −1 −2
a) y = 4 x − 3 x = 2x 2 − 1 x 3
dx 3

dy −1 1
b) y = 2 x − 4 x3 = x 2 − 6x 2
dx

1 4 dy −3
c) y = + = − 1 x 2 − 8 x −3
2 x x2 dx 4

1 dy 3 12
d) y = x x − = x + 2 x −3
x2 dx 2

1 dy −1 −3
e) y = 4 x + = 2x 2 − 1 x 2
4 x dx 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Find f ′ ( x ) for each of the following functions.

2 2 − 13
a) f ( x) = + 5x 3 f ′ ( x ) = −6 x −4 + 10 x
x 3 3

3 2 − 14
b) f ( x ) = 8 x 4 − 4
f ′( x ) = 6x + 8 x −5
x

3 − 12
c) f ( x) = 2x − 2
+4 x +2 f ′ ( x ) = 2 + 6 x −3 + 2 x
x

3 − 1
d) f ( x ) = 3 x 2 − f ′ ( x ) = 2 x 3 + 9 x −4
2x 3 3 2

1 1
e) f ( x ) = x3 − f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 + x −3
2x 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

4 4 dy 8 −3
a) y = − = x − 12 x −4
x 3
3x 2 dx 3

3 12 dy −7
b) y = − = 30 x 2 − 3 x −3
4x2 x2 x dx 2

1 2 x3 + 1 dy 3 −3
c) y = + = − 1 x −2 + 5 x 2 − 1 x 2
3x 3 x dx 3 3 6

dy 1 3
d) y = 2 x 7 x − x 2 ( ) dx
= 21x 2 − 5 x 2

2 dy −1
(
e) y = 3 + 2 x ) dx
= 6x 2 + 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
Evaluate the following.

d  43 5
 1 3
a)  6x − 2x 2  8x 3 − 5x 2
dx  

d 1 1  − 32
b) − − x −2 + 1 x
dx  x 
x 2

d 3 27  2
1 x − 3 + 27 x −2
c)  x−  3
dx  x 

d 3 x −2 − 52
d)   −3x −2 + 3x
dx  x 32 

d  1  2  − 52 − 32
e)  − 3  −x +1x
dx  3 x  x  2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
Evaluate the following.

d  x + x2  1
1 x− 2 + 3 x 2
1
a)  
dx  x  2 2

d  4x + x  − 52
b)   −2 x −2 − 3 x
dx  2 x 2  4

d  x2 + 2 
c)   − x −2 − 6 x −4
dx  x3 

d  1− x  − 7
d)   − 3 x −4 + 5 x 2
dx  4 x3  4 8

d  x5 − 2 x x 
3 1 1
e)   2 x−3 − 1 x− 2
dx  3x  9 3


Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

4+ x dy
a) y = 3
= −6 x −4 − x −3
2x dx

x 2 + 3x dy 3 − 12 3 12
b) y = = x + x
2 x dx 4 4

x+4 x dy −7
c) y = = −5 x 2 − x −3
2 x3 dx

x ( 2x − 4) dy −3 −5
d) y = = − 1 x 2 + 2x 2
3x2 dx 3

e) y =
( x + 2 )( 2 x − 3) dy
= − 3 x −4 − x −5 + 15 x −6
4 x5 dx 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Find f ′ ( x ) for each of the following functions.

1
a) f ( x) = x ( x + x −4 ) f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 3 x −4
2

1 2 3  − 52 − 72
b) f ( x ) =  − 2 f ′ ( x ) = −3 x + 15 x
x  x 4x  8

7 6 5  1
c) f ( x) = 4x 2  2 −  f ′ ( x ) = 36 x 2 − 60 x 2
x x

5  − 32 3
d) f ( x ) = 2 x  + x 2  f ′ ( x ) = −5 x + 5x 2
x 

2  7 x3 − 5 x 2  − 12 − 32
e) f ( x) = 3   f ′( x) = 7 x +5x
 4x 4 4
x2  

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x

a) y =
( 2 x − 1)( 3x − 2 ) dy 3 − 12 7 − 32 3 − 52
= x + x − x
2x 2
3
dx 2 4 2

b) y=
(3 + 2 x ) dy −3
= − 3 x 2 − 9 x −2
4x dx 2 4

4 x3 + x5 dy 1 3
c) y = = x + 5 x2
4 x dx 2 2

( 4 x + x ) ( x 2 − 3) dy 2 3 −1
d) y= = x + 10 x 2 − 2 x 2
3 x dx 3 3

 2 x 12 + 6 x − 12   6 x 32 − 2 x − 12 
  
e) y =    dy 4 −2
= x + 8 x −3 + 4
3x dx 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

TANGENTS
&
NORMALS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

a) y = x 2 − 9 x + 13 , where x = 6 y = 3 x − 23

b) y = x 4 + x + 1 , where x = 1 y = 5x − 2

c) y = 2 x 2 + 6 x + 7 , where x = −1 y = 2x + 5

d) y = 2 x3 − 4 x + 5 , where x = 1 y = 2x + 1

e) y = 2 x3 − 4 x 2 − 3 , where x = 2 y = 8 x − 19

f) y = 3x3 − 17 x 2 + 24 x − 9 , where x = 2 y = −8 x + 11

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

a) f ( x ) = x3 − 4 x 2 + 2 x − 1 , where x = 2 y = −2 x − 1

b) f ( x ) = 3 x3 + x 2 − 8 x − 5 , where x = 1 y = 3 x − 12

c) f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 5 x 2 + 2 x − 1 , where x = 2 y = 6 x − 13

d) f ( x ) = x3 − x 2 − 3 x − 2 , where x = 1 y = −2 x − 3

e) f ( x ) = 2 x3 + x 2 − 2 x − 2 , where x = 1 y = 6x − 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

3 1
a) y = x 2 − − , where x = −2 13 x + 4 y + 6 = 0
x 2

8
b) y = x3 − 6 x + + 1 , where x = 2 y = 4x − 7
x

5
c) y = 4 x 2 + − 1 , where x = 1 y = 3x + 5
x

6
d) y = 2 x − , where x = 4 7 x − 8 y − 20 = 0
x

3 32
e) y = 3 x 2 − , where x = 4 y = 11x − 28
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the normal to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

a) f ( x ) = x3 − 4 x 2 + 1 , where x = 2 4 y = x − 30

b) f ( x ) = x3 − 7 x 2 + 11x , where x = 3 4 y = x − 15

c) f ( x ) = 3 x 4 − 7 x3 + 5 where x = 2 12 y + x + 34 = 0

d) f ( x ) = 1 x5 − 18 x + 11 where x = 2 2 y + x + 32 = 0
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the normal to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

a) f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 3 x 2 − 10 x + 18 , where x = 2 x + 2y = 6

b) f ( x ) = x3 − 4 x 2 + 6 x + 1 , where x = 1 x+ y =5

c) f ( x ) = 4 x3 + 2 x 2 − 18 x − 10 where x = −2 22 y + x = 42

d) f ( x ) = −2 x3 + 4 x 2 − 1 , where x = 2 8 y = x − 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (non calculator)

For each of the following curves find an equation of the normal to the curve at the
point whose x coordinate is given.

5
a) y = x 2 ( x − 6 ) + − 1 , where x = 1 x − 14 y − 15 = 0
x

3 16
b) y = 2 x 2 − , where x = 4 x + 7 y = 88
x

− 32
c) y = 4 x 2 + x , where x = 1 2 x + 13 y = 67

3 8
d) y = 2 x 2 − 4 x 2 − − 1 , where x = 4 2 x + 9 y + 19 = 0
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

STATIONARY
POINTS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (non calculator)

For each of the following cubic equations find the coordinates of their stationary points
and determine their nature.

a) y = x3 − 3 x 2 − 9 x + 3

b) y = x3 + 12 x 2 + 45 x + 50

c) y = 2 x3 − 6 x 2 + 12

d) y = 25 − 24 x + 9 x 2 − x3

min ( 3, −24 ) , max ( −1,8 ) , min ( −3, −4 ) , max ( −5,0 ) min ( 2, 4 ) , max ( 0,12 ) ,

min ( 2,5 ) , max ( 4,9 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
For each of the following equations find the coordinates of their stationary points and
determine their nature.

4
a) y = x + , x ≠ 0
x

16
b) y = x 2 + , x≠0
x

c) y = x − 4 x , x > 0

1
d) y = 4 x 2 + , x ≠ 0
x

( )
min ( 2, 4 ) , max ( −2, −4 ) , min ( 2,12 ) , min ( 4, −4 ) , min 1 ,3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
For each of the following equations find the coordinates of their stationary points and
determine their nature.

3
a) y = 12 x − x 2 , x > 0

3 1
b) y = x 2 − 6 x 2 , x > 0

1
c) y = 6 x 2 − 4 x − 2, x > 0

7
d) y = x 2 − 14 x 2 + 100, x > 0

 9 1
( )
max ( 4,16 ) , min 2, −4 2 , max  ,  , min ( 4, 4 )
 16 4 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
For each of the following equations find the coordinates of their stationary points and
determine their nature.

3
a) y = x3 − 16 x 2 + 60, x > 0

5
b) y = 5 x 2 − 6 x 3 + 10, x > 0

4
c) y = 6 x 3 − x 2 − 20, x > 0

5
d) y = 5 x 2 − 2 x 2 − 10, x > 0

min ( 4, −4 ) , min (1,9 ) , max ( 8,12 ) , max ( 4,6 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
For each of the following equations find the coordinates of their stationary points and
determine their nature.

1 1
a) y = − , x>0
x x

3 x −2
b) y = 3
, x>0
x2

27
c) y = 3 x + , x>0
x

1 2 
d) y = −3 , x > 0
3 x  x 

 2
( 4 )
min 4, − 1 , max (1,1) , min ( 27, 4 ) , min  2, −


3 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

INCREASING
and
DECREASING
FUNCTIONS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
For each of the following equations find the range of the values of x , for which y is
increasing or decreasing.

a) y = 2 x3 − 3x 2 − 12 x + 2 , increasing

b) y = x3 − 6 x 2 + 12 , decreasing

c) y = x3 − 3x + 8 , increasing

d) y = 1 − 3x 2 − x3 , decreasing

x < −1 or x > 2 , 0 < x < 4 , x < −1 or x > 1 , x < −2 or x > 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Find the range of the values of x , for which f ( x ) is increasing or decreasing.

a) f ( x ) = x3 − 3 x 2 − 9 x + 10 , increasing

b) f ( x ) = − x3 + 9 x 2 − 15 x − 13 , increasing

c) f ( x ) = 4 x3 − 3 x 2 − 6 x , decreasing

d) f ( x ) = 4 x3 − 3 x , decreasing

x < −1 or x > 3 , 1 < x < 5 , − 1 < x < 1 , − 1 < x < 1

2 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

DIFFERENTIATION
PRACTICE
IN CONTEXT

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
The curve C has equation

f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 8 x + 2 .

a) Find the gradient at the point on C , where x = −1 .

The point A lies on C and the gradient at that point is 4 .

b) Find the coordinates of A .

−14 , A ( 2, −2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
The curve C has equation

y = x3 − 11x + 1 .

a) Find the gradient at the point on C , where x = 3 .

The point P lies on C and the gradient at that point is 1.

b) Find the possible coordinates of P .

16 , P ( 2, −13) or P ( −2,15 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
The curve C has equation

y = 2 x2 − 4 x − 1 .

a) Find the gradient at the point on C , where x = 2 .

The point P lies on C and the gradient at that point is 2 .

b) Find the coordinates of P .

(
4 , P 3 ,− 5
2 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
The curve C has equation

1
f ( x) = x + , x ≠ 0.
x

a) Find the gradient at the point on C , where x = 1 .

2

The point A lies on C and the gradient at that point is 3 .

4

b) Find the possible coordinates of A .

( )
−3 , A 2, 5
2 (
or A −2, − 5
2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
The curve C has equation

y = x3 − x 2 − 5 x + 2 .

Find the x coordinates of the points on C with gradient 3 .

x = − 4 ,2
3

Question 6
The curve C has equation

y = x5 − 6 x3 − 3x + 25 .

Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 2 .

y = 5x − 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
The curve C has equation

y = − x 2 ( x + 1) , x ∈
.

The curve meets the coordinate axes at the origin O and at the point A .

a) Sketch the graph of C , indicating clearly the coordinates of A .

b) Show that the straight line with equation

x + y +1 = 0 ,

is a tangent to C at A .

A ( −1, 0 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
The curve C has equation

6 5x
y= + −4, x ≠ 0 .
x2 4

dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx

b) Determine an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where x = 2 .

dy 5 12
= − , y = 4x − 8
dx 4 x3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
The curve C has equation

25 x 2
f ( x) = 4x x − , x≥0.
16

a) Find a simplified expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Determine an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 4 , giving the

answer in the form ax + by = c , where a , b and c are integers.

1
f ′ ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 25 x , x + 2 y = 18
8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
A curve has the following equation

f ( x) =
( 2 x − 3)( x + 2 ) , x >0.
x

3 1 − 12
a) Express f ( x ) in the form Ax 2 + Bx 2 + Cx , where A , B and C are
constants to be found.

b) Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 is parallel to the line
with equation

2 y = 13 x + 2 .

A = 2 , B = 1 , C = −6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
A cubic curve has equation

f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 7 x 2 + 6 x + 1 .

The point P ( 2,1) lies on the curve.

a) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P .

The point Q lies on the curve so that the tangent to the curve at Q is parallel to the
tangent to the curve at P .

b) Determine the x coordinate of Q .

y = 2 x − 3 , xQ = 1
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
The curve C has equation

y = 2 x3 − 9 x 2 + 12 x − 10 .

a) Find the coordinates of the two points on the curve where the gradient is zero.

The point P lies on C and its x coordinate is −1 .

b) Determine the gradient of C at the point P .

The point Q lies on C so that the gradient at Q is the same as the gradient at P .

c) Find the coordinates of Q .

(1, −5) , ( 2, −6 ) , 36 , Q ( 4, 22 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13
The curve C has equation

y = ax3 + bx 2 − 10 ,

where a and b are constants.

The point A ( 2, 2 ) lies on C .

Given that the gradient at A is 4 , determine the value of a and the value of b .

a = −2 , b = 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14
The curve C has equation

y = x3 − 4 x 2 + 6 x − 3 .

The point P ( 2,1) lies on C and the straight line L1 is the tangent to C at P .

a) Find an equation of L1 .

The straight line L2 is a tangent to C at the point Q .

b) Given that L2 is parallel to L1 , determine …

i. … the exact coordinates of Q .

ii. … an equation of L2 .

( )
y = 2 x − 3 , Q 2 , − 13 , 27 y = 54 x − 49
3 27

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
A curve C and a straight line L have respective equations

y = 2 x2 − 6 x + 5 and 2y + x = 4 .

a) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection between C and L .

b) Show that L is a normal to C .

The tangent to C at the point P is parallel to L .

c) Determine the x coordinate of P .

( 2,1) , ( 34 , 13
8)
, xP = 11
8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
The curve C has equation

y = 2 x3 − 6 x 2 + 3x + 5 .

The point P ( 2,3) lies on C and the straight line L1 is the tangent to C at P .

a) Find an equation of L1 .

The straight lines L2 and L3 are parallel to L1 , and they are the respective normals to
C at the points Q and R .

b) Determine the x coordinate of Q and the x coordinate of R .

y = 3x − 3 , x = 1 , 5
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
y

(
y = 1 x 2 − 12 x + 35
4 )
R

L1

O P Q
x

L2

The figure above shows the curve with equation

( )
y = 1 x 2 − 12 x + 35 .
4

The curve crosses the x axis at the points P ( x1,0 ) and Q ( x2 ,0 ) , where x2 > x1 .

The tangent to the curve at Q is the straight line L1 .

a) Find an equation of L1 .

The tangent to the curve at the point R is denoted by L2 . It is further given that L2
meets L1 at right angles, at the point S .

b) Find an equation of L2 .

c) Determine the exact coordinates of S .

2 2 (
C1Q , y = 1 x − 7 , 4 y + 8 x = 31 , S 9 , − 5
2 4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18
The point P (1,0 ) lies on the curve C with equation

y = x3 − x , x ∈
.

a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at P , giving the answer in the form

y = mx + c , where m and c are constants.

The tangent to C at P meets C again at the point Q .

b) Determine the coordinates of Q .

y = 2 x − 2 , Q ( −2, −6 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19
A curve C with equation

y = 4 x3 + 7 x 2 + x + 11 , x ∈
.

The point P lies on C , where x = −1 .

a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at P .

The tangent to C at P meets C again at the point Q .

b) Determine the x coordinate of Q .

y = 12 − x , xQ = 1
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20

y L1
y = 2 x2 − x + 3
Q
P

R
x
O
L2

The figure above shows the curve C with equation

y = 2 x2 − x + 3 .

C crosses the y axis at the point P . The normal to C at P is the straight line L1 .

a) Find an equation of L1 .

L1 meets the curve again at the point Q .

b) Determine the coordinates of Q .

The tangent to C at Q is the straight line L2 .

L2 meets the y axis at the point R .

c) Show that the area of the triangle PQR is one square unit.

y = x + 3 , Q (1, 4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21

y
y = 2 x3 + 3x 2 − 11x − 6

O
x
P Q R

The figure above shows the curve C with equation

y = 2 x3 + 3x 2 − 11x − 6 .

The curve crosses the x axis at the points P , Q and R ( 2,0 ) .

The tangent to C at R is the straight line L1 .

a) Find an equation of L1 .

The normal to C at P is the straight line L2 .

The straight lines L1 and L2 meet at the point S .

b) Show that PSR = 90° .

y = 25 x − 50

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22
A curve has equation

y = 6 3 x5 − 15 3 x 4 − 80 x + 16 , x∈
, x ≥ 0.

Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve and determine whether it is a
local maximum, a local minimum or a point of inflexion.

local minimum at (16, −2800 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23
A curve has equation

y = x2 − 6 x 3
x +2, x∈
, x ≥ 0.

Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve and classify them as local
maxima, local minima or a points of inflexion.

local minimum at ( 8, −30 ) , local maximum at ( 0, 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24
A curve has equation

( )
y = x x 2 − 128 x , x∈
, x>0.

( )
The curve has a single stationary point with coordinates 2α , − 2β , where α and β
are positive integers.

Find the value of β and justify that the stationary point is a local minimum.

β = 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 25
The point P , whose x coordinate is 1 , lies on the curve with equation
4

k + 4x x
y= , x∈
, x > 0 ,
7x

where k is a non zero constant.

a) Determine, in terms of k , the gradient of the curve at P .

The tangent to the curve at P is parallel to the straight line with equation

44 x + 7 y − 5 = 0 .

b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P .

dy 4 − 16k
= , 44 x + 7 y = 25
dx x = 14 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26

y
x2 4
y= −
2 x

O P
x

The figure above shows the curve C with equation

x2 4
y= − , x ≠ 0.
2 x

The curve crosses the x axis at the point P .

The straight line L is the normal to C at P .

a) Find …

i. … the coordinates of P .

ii. … an equation of L .

b) Show that L does not meet C again.

P ( 2,0 ) , x + 3 y = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27
The curve C has equation

( )
y = ( x − 1) x 2 + 4 x + 5 , x ∈
.

a) Show that C meets the x axis at only one point.

The point A , where x = −1 , lies on C .

b) Find an equation of the normal to C at A .

The normal to C at A meets the coordinate axes at the points P and Q .

c) Show further that the area of the triangle OPQ , where O is the origin, is 12 1
4
square units.

2y = x − 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28
A curve has equation

y = x −8 x , x∈
, x ≥ 0 .

The curve meets the coordinate axes at the origin and at the point P .

a) Determine the coordinates of P .

The point Q , where x = 4 , lies on the curve.

b) Find an equation of the normal to curve at Q .

c) Show clearly that the normal to the curve at Q does not meet the curve again.

P ( 64,0 ) , y = x − 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 29
The curve C has equation

y = x3 − 9 x 2 + 24 x − 19 , x ∈
.

a) Show that the tangent to C at the point P , where x = 1 , has gradient 9 .

b) Find the coordinates of another point Q on C at which the tangent also has
gradient 9 .

The normal to C at Q meets the coordinate axes at the points A and B .

c) Show further that the approximate area of the triangle OAB , where O is the
origin, is 11 square units.

Q ( 5,1)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30
The point A ( 2,1) lies on the curve with equation

y=
( x − 1)( x + 2 ) , x∈
, x ≠ 0 .
2x

a) Find the gradient of the curve at A .

b) Show that the tangent to the curve at A has equation

3x − 4 y − 2 = 0 .

The tangent to the curve at the point B is parallel to the tangent to the curve at A .

c) Determine the coordinates of B .

gradient at A = 3 , B ( −2,0 )
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31
The curve C has equation y = f ( x ) given by

3
f ( x ) = 2 ( x − 2) , x ∈
.

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

The point P ( 3, 2 ) lies on C and the straight line l1 is the tangent to C at P .

c) Find an equation of l1 .

The straight line l2 is another tangent at a different point Q on C .

d) Given that l1 is parallel to l2 show that an equation of l2 is

y = 6x − 8 .

f ′ ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 24 x + 24 , y = 6 x − 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 32
The point P ( 2,9 ) lies on the curve C with equation

y = x3 − 3 x 2 + 2 x + 9 , x ∈
, x ≥ 1 .

a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at P , giving the answer in the form

y = mx + c , where m and c are constants.

The point Q also lies on C so that the tangent to C at Q is perpendicular to the

tangent to C at P .

b) Show that the x coordinate of Q is

6+ 6
.
6

y = 2x + 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33
The volume, V cm3 , of a soap bubble is modelled by the formula

2
V = ( p − qt ) , t ≥ 0 ,

where p and q are positive constants, and t is the time in seconds, measured after a
certain instant.

When t = 1 the volume of a soap bubble is 9 cm3 and at that instant its volume is
decreasing at the rate of 6 cm3 per second.

Determine the value of p and the value of q .

p = 4, q = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34
A curve C has equation

y = 2 x3 − 5 x 2 + a , x ∈
,

where a is a constant.

The tangent to C at the point where x = 2 and the normal to C at the point where
x = 1 , meet at the point Q .

Given that Q lies on the x axis, determine in any order …

a) … the value of a .

b) … the coordinates of Q .

3 ( )
a = 8 , Q 7 ,0
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35
The curve C has equation

y=
(
x3 5 x x − 128 ) , x∈
, x>0.
x

dy d 2 y d3y
a) Determine expressions for , and .
dx dx 2 dx3

b) Show that the y coordinate of the stationary point of C is − k 3 4 , where k is

a positive integer.

d2y
c) Evaluate at the stationary point of C .
dx 2
Give the answer in terms of 3 2 .

d3y d2y
d) Find the value of at the point on C , where =0.
dx3 dx 2
dy 3 d2y 2
1 d3y − 12
MP1-M , = 20 x3 − 320 x 2 , = 60 x − 480 x 2 , = 120 x − 240 x ,
dx dx 2 dx3
k = 3072 , 960 3 2 , 360

Created by T. Madas