Linear Routing: Floodrouting

• Two (2) types of floodrouting of a hydrograph

– Linear – Muskingum
– Reservoir – Storage-Indication / Modified Puls
HEC-RAS Introduction
Shirley Clark
• Hydrograph (Flow versus Time).
Penn State – Harrisburg
– Floodrouting – input of the inflow hydrograph into a
Robert Pitt “Wedge” (Linear) or a “Pond” (Reservoir). The outflow
University of Alabama hydrograph will be “dampened” such that the outflow
hydrograph’s peak will be less and delayed.
April 26, 2004

Uniform Open Channel Flow – Brays B.

Uniform Open Channel Flow
Brays Bayou
Manning’s Eqn for velocity or flow
1 2/3
v= R S S.I. units
n
1.49 2/3
v= R S English units
n
where
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
R = hydraulic radius = A/P
S = channel slope Concrete Channel
Q = flow rate (cfs) = v A

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Optimal Channels Non-uniform Flow

2
 Non-Uniform Open Channel Flow Backwater Profiles - Compute Numerically
With natural or man-made channels, the shape, size, and
slope may vary along the stream length, x. In addition,
velocity and flow rate may also vary with x.
H = z+ y + (α v2 / 2g)

dH dz dy α ⎛ dv2 ⎞
Thus,
= + + ⎜ ⎟
dx dx dx 2g ⎝ dx ⎠
Where H = total energy head
z = elevation head,
αv2/2g = velocity head

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 Routine Backwater Calculations Backwater Calculations (cont’d)
1. Select Y1 (starting depth)
1. Prepare a table of values
2. Calculate A1 (cross sectional area)
2. Calculate Vm = (V1 + V2) / 2
3. Calculate P1 (wetted perimeter)
3. Calculate Rm = (R1 + R2) / 2
4. Calculate R1 = A1/P1
5. Calculate V1 = Q1/A1 ⎛ ⎞2
nV
4. Calculate S = ⎜⎜ ⎟
m
2 ⎟ Manning’s
6. Select Y2 (ending depth) ⎝1.49Rm3 ⎠ ⎛ y1 + v12 ⎞ ⎛ y 2 + v 22 ⎞
7. Calculate A2 ⎜ ⎟ −⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2g ⎠ ⎝ 2g ⎠
5. Calculate L = ∆X from first equation L =
8. Calculate P2 S − S0
9. Calculate R2 = A2/P2
6. X = ∑∆Xi for each stream reach (SEE SPREADSHEET)
10. Calculate V2 = Q2/A2

Watershed Hydraulics
HEC-RAS: Background
Bridge
D z River Analysis System model of the U.S. Army Corps of
QD
Floodplain
Tributary Engineers
C z Input = cross-section geometry and flow rates
QC
Main Stream z Output = flood water elevations
Bridge Section Cross-Section Schematic
B
QB Normal Water Surface Flood Water Surface

Floodway Floodway

A
Left Bank Station Main Right Bank Station
QA Channel
Cross Sections
Cross Sections

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 HEC-RAS: Cross-Section 3-Dimensional River Channel
Description
ProfileLine
z Points describe
channel and
floodway geometry
Each point has (x,y,z)
z Bank station coordinates
locations
CrossSectionLine
z Water surface
elevations and
floodplain
boundaries

Example Example
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3
• Calculate the water surface profiles for two Down L = 0 ft Down L = 1500 ft Down L = 2100 ft
discharges in the channel described in the X Y X Y X Y
following tables. 0 40.5 0 43.6 0 46.1
Q1 = 20000 cfs
40 36.3 60 19.7 40 45.1
Q2 = 30000 cfs
95 19.7 120 18.8 140 12.5
• Assume a Manning’s n of 0.24 for the two 140 9.8 195 16.2 240 1.7
overbanks and a Manning’s n of 0.04 for the
200 5.3 210 7.1 275 15.1
channel.
299 1.7 245 4.1 290 15.3
• Assume the overbank distances between
360 21.8 345 20.5 305 15.9
stations are the same as the distances between
421 42.9 450 25.7 310 19.9
the stations in the channel.
480 44.4 400 48.1

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 Example Running a Steady-State Flow
Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Analysis on the Example
Down L = 2000 ft Down L = 3150 ft Down L = 1855 ft
• Open HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) by
X Y X Y X Y
double-clicking on the icon (after installing the
0 48.2 0 61.1 0 64.4
program).
100 19.1 50 51.2 19 57.0
113 15.1 101 14.3 49 29.1 • The following screen should appear:
230 17.3 201 1.1 149 19.0
340 5.9 259 19.6 207 14.4
395 6.4 289 21.1 217 13.1
461 41.4 356 60.9 293 18.8
503 48.4 361 36.1
413 47.0
471 63.3

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• This screen should appear. Fill in the needed
• Select File|New data. Then click “OK.”
Project

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• The introductory screen should appear with the • Need to add geometric data (cross-section
project name filled in. data). Click on Geometric Data button (tree).

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example

• Need to add • Add River

geometric Reach by left-
data (cross- clicking on
section data). the River
Click on Reach
Geometric button.
Data button
(tree).

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Once the
• In the tablet reach is
area, left-click drawn (ended
where you want by left
the reach to double-click),
start and use
a box will
the pencil to
draw the reach.
appear
Double left-click
asking you to
when Reach is name the
completed. river and the
reach.

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• The result will • Left-click on
look like the
screen to the the cross-
right. section
• Next will need button on the
to describe left.
cross-sections
in the reach. (or
can add
additional
reaches that
drain to same
outlet).

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• The following table should appear. • Under Options, select Add New Cross-Section.

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• When the box appears, enter the station number • Enter the data as required in each of the boxes and then
click “Apply Data”.
in the reach.

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• When all cross-sections are entered and the data
• After clicking on “Apply Data”, the plot should appear.
applied, select “Exit Cross-Section Editor”.

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• This will return the • This will return the introductory (project organization)
active screen to the screen.
Geometric Data • Want to enter the conditions necessary to perform the
screen. Need to save steady-state flow example. Click on steady-state flow
the geometric data. button.

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• The Steady-Flow Data screen will appear. • Enter the data (enter number of profiles and the Q
values).

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Select the button “Reach Boundary Conditions.” • The following screen will appear. Click on desired
boundary condition. Example will use “Normal Depth.”

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• “Normal Depth” requires entry of downstream slope at
• Once boundary conditions have been entered, save the
outlet. Use same slope as channel from Stations 2 to 1.
flow data and click OK.

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• After saving, return to the introductory screen. The names • After saving, return to the introductory screen. The names
of the data files for the Project, Geometry and Steady Flow of the data files for the Project, Geometry and Steady Flow
should be showing. should be showing.

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Click on the Perform a Steady Flow Simulation button. • Select New Plan.

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Fill in the Plan Name and Short ID. • The screen now should look like this. Click on COMPUTE
to run the simulation.

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• This screen will appear when the simulation is complete. • Select “View Cross-Sections.”

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Select “View Profiles.”

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Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Select “View 3D Multiple Cross-Section Plot.”

Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow

Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example

• Select “Profile
Table Output”
button.

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 Running a Steady-State Flow Running a Steady-State Flow
Analysis on the Example Analysis on the Example
• Use Options to show both profiles. • Use Options to show detailed cross-section output.

Connecting HMS and RAS Discharge at a Particular Cross-Section

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 HEC-RAS: Output HEC-RAS: Data Translation
Graphical Text File

z Data translation
from HEC-RAS text
file to dbase table
z Bank and floodplain
boundaries
measured from
stream centerline

Brays Bayou-Typical Urban System The Floodplain

• Bridges cause unique
problems in hydraulics
Piers, low chords, and top
of road is considered
Expansion/contraction
can cause hydraulic losses Top Width
Several cross sections
are needed for a bridge
Critical in urban settings
288 Crossing

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 Floodplain Determination The Woodlands

™ The Woodlands planners wanted to design the

community to withstand a 100-year storm.
™ In doing this, they would attempt to minimize any
changes to the existing, undeveloped floodplain as
development proceeded through time.

HEC RAS Cross Section 3-D Floodplain

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