Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY
District IV-A
Kalalake Elementary School
Murphy Street, New Kalalake, Olongapo City
School Code: 107139
kes@[Link]
LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS IN MATHEMATICS 4
Second Quarter – Week 6
Name: _______________________________________ Date : _____________________
Teacher: RICARDO C. QUEJADO
I. Introduction
Today, we are going to study addition or subtraction of fractions but before that, we have
some skills o be learned first before the main topic.
To add or subtract fractions, there are only three ( 3 ) simple steps.
1. Make sure that the bottom number (the denominators) are the same.
2. Add/Subtract the top numbers (the numerators) and put the answer over the denominator.
3. Simplify the fraction if needed.
II. Learning Competency
1. Performs addition and subtraction of similar and dissimilar fractions. M4NS-IIg-83
2. Solves routine and non-routine problems involving addition and/or subtraction of fractions
using appropriate problem solving strategies and tools. M4NS-IIh-87.1
III. Objective
1. Performing addition and subtraction of similar and dissimilar fractions.
2. Solving routine and non-routine problems involving addition and/or subtraction of fractions
using appropriate problem solving strategies and tools.
.
IV. Discussion
Before we proceed to our lesson, let us try to have some review on some pre-requisite skills that is so
important to be used when performing operations on fractions.
Reducing fractions to lowest terms:
We have studied in the previous Activity Sheet on how to find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of
numbers. We are going to apply that in this lesson.
Study 6 .. What is the GCF of 6 and 8? Yes, it is 2. We have learned that we divide the numerator and
8
denominator of a fraction by the same number, we get a fraction equal to it.
6 . ÷ 2 .= 3. What is the GCF of 3 and 4? Yes, it is 1.
8 2 4
When
the
GCF of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 1, it is sad to be in its “lowest terms” or
“simplest form”. Thus, is in lowest term form3 or in simplest form. When we find the lowest term of a fraction, we
4
also say that we reduce the fraction to lowest terms.
To find the simplest form or the lowest terms of a fraction, divide both the numerator and the denominator by
the Greatest Common Factor (GCF).
Other examples:
1. 9 .÷ 3 .= 3. 2. 20 .÷ 5 .= 4. 3. ÷ =8 . 4. 2.
21 3 7 35 5 7 12 4 3
Try these: Reduce the following fractions to lowest terms
1. 20 . = 2. 16 . = 22 .=
3. 4. 14 .= 5. 23. =
42 24 33 21 40
One of
the skills to be reviewed
first, is how change improper
fractions to
mixed number. Here are the steps on
how to change improper fraction to mixed number.
a. Divide the numerator by the denominator.
b. The quotient is the whole number.
c. The remainder is the numerator of the proper fraction.
d. The divisor is the denominator of the proper fraction.
3 4
1. 5.
Example 1. 13= . 4 13 = 3 4 2. = 73333. = 4
4 7 7
12 . 28 .
1 5
Try these: Change the following fractions to mixed numbers.
1. 25 . = 2. 38 .= 3. 92 .= 4. 49 .= 5. 47 .=
8 5 35 13 9
Addition and Subtraction of Similar Fractions
When the fractions has a common denominator, just add/subtract the numerator and write the sum over the
common denominator and write the sum in lowest terms.
Example 1. Find the sum of 3and
. . 8.
10 10
Solution: 3 .+ . 11=. 1 1 .
8=
10 10 10 10
Example 2. What is the sum of 4 5. 6
and ? 3.
6 6
Solution: 4 5 . + 6 3 .
= 10 6= 11 63=. 11
9 . 1.
6 6 2
Example 3. Find the difference between and10 . . 3.
12 12
Solution: 10 . - 3 .= 7.
12 12 12
Example 4. Subtract 3 4from
. 8 ?2 .
5 5
Solution: 8 2 . - 3 4 .= (7 2+. )5- .3 =4 .7 -7 3. = 44 . 3.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Addition and Subtraction of Dissimilar Fractions
When the fractions have different denominators, they cannot be added or subtracted immediately. There are
some steps to be done first.
To add or subtract dissimilar fractions:
a. Find the least common denominator (LCD).
b. Rename each dissimilar fraction to its equivalent fraction using the LCD.
c. Add or subtract the numerator and write over the denominator.
d. Simplify the resulting fraction if possible.
Example 1. Find the sum of 3and
. . 4.
5 7
LCD of 5 and 7 is 35.
Solution: 3. = 3 .x 7 . = 21 .
5 5 7 35
+
4 . 4 . 5 . = 20 .
7 = 7 x 5 35
41 . 6.
35 = 1 35
1.
Example 2. What is the sum of 1 and
3 2 ? 1.
2
LCD of 3 and 2 is 6.
1=. 1 1x2. 2.
Solution: 13 3 x 2= 1 6
+ 1.
2 = 2 1x3. = 2 3.
2 2x3 6
5.
3
6
Example 3. What is 5 .less 1?.
6 8
LCD of 6 and 8 is 24 .
Solution: 5.= 5 .x 4 . = 20 .
6 6 4 24
- 1. 1 . 3 . 3 .
8 = 8 x 3 = 24
17 .
24
2 5
+
15 the difference
6 2.
Example 4. Find between 5 and 33. .
4 3
LCD of 4 and 3 is 12 .
Solution: 5 3=. 5 3x=3 .5 9.
4 4x3 12
-
3 2 =. 3 2x4. = 3 8.
3 3x4 12
2 1.
12
V. Activities
A. Take note of the operation. Solve for the answer in simplest form if applicable.
1.) 15 . 2.) 9. 3.) 12. 4.) 11 17
.
18 12 15
+ 7. + 6. + 10. + 12.
18 12 15 17
5.) 12 . 6.) 11. 7.) 22. 8.) 21.
14 15 25 30
- 5. - 6. - - 15.
12.
14 15 25 30
9.) 7 7 . 10.) 6 8 . 11.) 8 11 . 12.) 9 7 .
12 15 18 11
+ + - -
4 10
. 9 12
. 4 12
. 5 10 .
12 15 18 11
B. Rename as similar fractions then perform the operation. All answers should be in their
simplest forms.
1.) 3+ . 5. 2.) + 5. 3 . 3.) + +2 . 3 . 4.)1 . + + 1. 3. 2.
12 6 6 4 3 4 6 2 5 3
5.) 15+ . 3. 6.) 3 .+ 5 . 7.) 1 . - 2 . 8.) 1 .- 5 .
16 4 6 9 2 5 2 20
9.) 7 .- 1. 10.) - 3. 2 .11.) - 10. 2. 12.) - 5. 2.
8 4 4 12 12 3 6 15
C. Solve for the correct answer. Express the result in lowest terms.
1.) ( 7+. 5) -. 2 . 2.) + ( 11 - . ) 3 . 6 . 3.) + ( 1-. ) 3 . 6 .
8 12 3 12 4 8 2 4 8
4.) 5 3+. 3 5 . 5.) 7 3 .+ 9 12 . 6.) 9 1 . - 3 5 .
4 6 10 15 8 6
0
7.) 3 2+. 5 1+ . 1 14 .8.) (9 + 2 5) .- 7 9.) 1 . 28 3-.( 3 + 12 3 . ) 6. 3.
5 3 15 6 2 4 8 4 2
VI. Assessment :
Solve the following word problems. (with solution)
13 . of land in one city and another mall on 3 11 .
1. A company built a mall on 2 hectares hectares in another
15
15
city. How many hectares of land did the company used for the two malls ?
2. George spent 3 hours practicing basketball on Saturday and 2 hours on Sunday. How many hours
did George spent practicing
3. that weekend ? 2.
5 5
1. 2.
2 5
3. A baker used 3 kilos of white sugar and combined it with 4 kilos of brown sugar. How much sugar
did the baker use in all ?
3.
4. A group of farmers harvested 2 truckloads of melons on the first day of harvest, 3 truckloads on1the
.
5 5
2 . How many truckloads of melons did they harvest in all ?
second day, and 4 truckloads on the third day.
3
5. Tom and Jerry spent of an hour on Saturday and of an hour on Sunday to finish their project. How
many hours did they take 3to. finish their project ? 3.
4 5
6. Nay bought 4 meters5. of
cloth. She used 1 meters1for
. her HE
project and 2 meters for a 2dress.
.
6 6 6
How much cloth remained ?
7. The distance from Xhander’s house to school is 3 3 . that from Gabriel is 4
km while 5.
km. How much
7 7
farther is Gabriel’s house than that of Xhander ?
3 .
8. Mr. Quejado has 8 pieces of cartolina. He used 5 to make posters. He used the rest to decorate a
4 .
5 4
bulletin board. How much
cartolina did he use to decorate the bulletin
board ?
9. A Math group has to finish a project in 2 hours. The group has already worked for 1 hours. How
much time left for them to finish the project ? 1. 3.
2 4
1 . her barbecue party. She plans to use the rest
10. Mother bought 6 kilos of chicken. She used 3 kilos for
2
for baon. How much chicken will be used for baon ?
VII. Reflection (Value integration activity) (with solution)
1.
1. Ryan can run 5 kilometers in an hour while Omar can run 6 1 . in an hour. How much
kilometers
5 3
farther can Omar run
than Ryan in an hour ?
2. Alben received 7 kg1 .of sweet potatoes from a friend from Baguio City. He discovered that 1 kg were
2
2 .
oversized. How many kilograms of sweet potatoes are of regular sizes ?
3
3. Subtract 3.
from the sum of and2. . 8.
14 14 14
4. 1.
Subtract the sum of and from . 1. 8.
4 3 9
5. What is the answer in 1 +1.3 - 21. ? 3.
2 4 5
6. If m + 1. 1320
= , find m .
4
7. value of N in N -
Solve for the + 3. - 1. = 2. . 8.
4 9 7 9
8. 1.
Mico spends hour studying his math lesson and hour 1.
studying science lesson. What part of an hour
6 5
does he spend studying
his math and science lessons ?
Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 4 – Phoenix Publishing House
Integrative Mathematics 4 – SIBS Publishing House
Growing Up with Mathematics 4 – FNB Publishing House
Prepared by:
RICARDO C. QUEJADO
Math Teacher
Center of Excellence - Kalalake Elementary School