Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)

Chapter 15 Acids and Bases

Multiple Choice Questions

1) ________ is found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
A) CH3COOH
B) H2CO3
C) HCOOH
D) C6H5COOH
E) CH3CH2COOH
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

2) Which of the following species is amphoteric?

A) CO 32-
B) HF
C) NH4⁺
D) HPO 42-
E) None of the above are amphoteric.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

3) What is the conjugate acid of HCO 3⁻ ?

A) H3O +
B) H2O
C) CO 32-
D) OH⁻
E) H2CO 3
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

4) What is the conjugate base of H2PO 4⁻ ?

A) HPO 42-
B) PO 43-
C) H3PO 4
D) H3O +
E) OH⁻
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

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5) Which of the following is NOT a conjugate acid-base pair?
A) NH4+/NH3
B) H3O⁺/OH⁻
C) H2SO 3/HSO 3⁻
D) C2H3O2⁻/HC2H3O2
E) All of the above are conjugate acid-base pairs.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

6) Identify the weak diprotic acid.

A) CH3COOH
B) HCOOH
C) H3PO 4
D) H2SO 4
E) H2CO 3
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

7) Identify the weak diprotic acid.

A) HNO 3
B) H3PO 4
C) H2SO 3
D) HClO 4
E) H2SO 4
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

8) Give the characteristics of a strong acid.

A) ionizes completely in aqueous solutions
B) has equilibrium far to the right
C) has a polar bond
D) has a weaker bond to hydrogen
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

9) The stronger the acid, then which of the following is TRUE?

A) The stronger the conjugate acid.
B) The stronger the conjugate base.
C) The weaker the conjugate base.
D) The weaker the conjugate acid.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

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10) Place the following in order of increasing acid strength.

HBrO 2 HBrO 3 HBrO HBrO 4

A) HBrO 2 < HBrO 4 < HBrO < HBrO 3

B) HBrO < HBrO 2 < HBrO 3 < HBrO 4
C) HBrO 2 < HBrO 3 < HBrO 4 < HBrO
D) HBrO 4 < HBrO 2 < HBrO 3 < HBrO
E) HBrO < HBrO 4 < HBrO 3 < HBrO 2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

11) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A strong acid is composed of a proton and an anion that have a very strong attraction for one another.
B) A weak base is composed of a cation and an anion with a very weak attraction between them.
C) A strong acid has a strong conjugate base.
D) The conjugate base of a very weak acid is stronger than the conjugate base of a strong acid.
E) None of the above statements are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

12) Which of the following acids will have the strongest conjugate base?
A) HCl
B) HClO 4
C) HNO 3
D) HCN
E) HI
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

13) Which of the following solutions would have the highest pH? Assume that they are all 0.10 M in
acid at 25∘C. The acid is followed by its K a value.
A) HF, 3.5 × 10-4
B) HCN, 4.9 × 10-10
C) HNO 2, 4.6 × 10-4
D) HCHO 2, 1.8 × 10-4
E) HClO 2, 1.1 × 10-2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

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14) Which of the following is TRUE?
A) A neutral solution contains [H2O] = [H3O⁺]
B) An neutral solution does not contain any H3O+ or OH-
C) An acidic solution has [H3O⁺] > [OH⁻]
D) A basic solution does not contain H3O+
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.5

15) What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in pure water at 30.0∘C, if K w at this temperature is
1.47 × 10-14?
A) 1.00 × 10-7 M
B) 1.30 × 10-7 M
C) 1.47 × 10-7 M
D) 8.93 × 10-8 M
E) 1.21 × 10-7 M
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

16) What is the pH of pure water at 40.0°C if the K w at this temperature is 2.92 × 10-14?
A) 6.767
B) 0.465
C) 7.000
D) 7.233
E) 8.446
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

17) What is the K w of pure water at 50.0°C, if the pH is 6.630?

A) 2.34 × 10-7
B) 5.50 × 10-14
C) 2.13 × 10-14
D) 1.00 × 10-14
E) There is not enough information to calculate the K w.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

18) Calculate the concentration of H3O⁺ in a solution that contains 5.5 × 10-5 M OH⁻ at 25°C. Identify
the solution as acidic, basic, or neutral.
A) 1.8 × 10-10 M, basic
B) 1.8 × 10-10 M, acidic
C) 5.5 × 10-10 M, neutral
D) 9.2 × 10-1 M, acidic
E) 9.2 × 10-1 M, basic
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5
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19) Calculate the concentration of OH⁻ in a solution that contains 3.9 x 10-4 M H3O⁺ at 25°C. Identify
the solution as acidic, basic, or neutral.
A) 2.6 × 10-11 M, acidic
B) 2.6 × 10-11 M, basic
C) 3.9 × 10-4 M, neutral
D) 2.7 × 10-2 M, basic
E) 2.7 × 10-2 M, acidic
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

20) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 9.85 at 25°C.
A) 7.1 × 10-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10-10 M
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

21) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 9.85 at 25°C.
A) 7.1 × 10-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10-10 M
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

22) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 9.85 at 25°C.
A) 7.1 × 10-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10-10 M
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

23) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 9.85 at 25°C.
A) 7.1 × 10-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10-10 M
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5
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24) Determine the pH of a 0.023 M HNO 3 solution.
A) 12.36
B) 3.68
C) 1.64
D) 2.30
E) 2.49
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

25) Determine the pH of a 0.00598 M HClO 4 solution.

A) 11.777
B) 6.434
C) 7.566
D) 2.223
E) 3.558
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

26) Determine the pOH of a 0.00598 M HClO 4 solution.

A) 11.777
B) 6.434
C) 7.566
D) 2.223
E) 3.558
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

27) Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 7.8 x 10 -6 M OH⁻ at 25°C.

A) 1.28
B) 5.11
C) 12.72
D) 8.89
E) 9.64
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

28) Calculate the pOH of a solution that contains 7.8 x 10 -6 M OH⁻ at 25°C.
A) 1.28
B) 5.11
C) 12.72
D) 8.89
E) 9.64
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

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29) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 4.33 at 25°C.
A) 2.1 × 10-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10-6 M
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

30) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 4.33 at 25°C.
A) 2.1 × 10-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10-6 M
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

31) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 4.33 at 25°C.
A) 2.1 × 10-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10-6 M
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

32) Determine the [H3O⁺] in a 0.265 M HClO solution. The K a of HClO is 2.9 × 10-8.
A) 1.1 × 10-10 M
B) 7.7 × 10-9 M
C) 1.3 × 10-6 M
D) 4.9 × 10-4 M
E) 8.8 × 10-5 M
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.6

33) Find the percent ionization of a 0.337 M HF solution. The K a for HF is 3.5 × 10-4.
A) 1.1 %
B) 1.2 × 10-2 %
C) 3.2 %
D) 3.5 × 10-2 %
E) 4.7 %
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.6

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34) Determine the pH of a 0.461 M C 6H5CO 2H M solution if the K a of C6H5CO 2H is 6.5 x 10-5.
A) 2.26
B) 4.52
C) 11.74
D) 9.48
E) 5.48
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

35) Determine the K a of an acid whose 0.294 M solution has a pH of 2.80.

A) 1.2 × 10-5
B) 8.5 × 10-6
C) 2.7
D) 4.9 × 10-7
E) 5.4 × 10-3
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

36) Which of the following bases is the STRONGEST? The base is followed by its K b.
A) (CH3CH2)2NH, 8.6 × 10-4
B) CH3NH2, 4.4 × 10-4
C) C6H5NH2, 4.0 × 10-10
D) NH3, 1.76 × 10-5
E) C5H5N, 1.7 × 10-9
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.7

37) Which of the following bases is the WEAKEST? The base is followed by its K b value.
A) HOCH2CH2NH2, 3.2 × 10-5
B) NH3, 1.76 × 10-5
C) C5H5N, 1.7 × 10-9
D) (CH3CH2)3N, 5.2 × 10-4
E) Since these are all weak bases, they have the same strength.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.7

38) Determine the pH in a 0.235 M NaOH solution.

A) 13.76
B) 0.24
C) 13.37
D) 0.63
E) 12
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

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39) Determine the pOH in a 0.235 M NaOH solution.
A) 13.76
B) 0.24
C) 13.37
D) 0.63
E) 12
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

40) Determine the [OH⁻] concentration in a 0.169 M Ca(OH)2 solution.

A) 0.338 M
B) 0.169 M
C) 5.92 × 10-14 M
D) 2.96 × 10-14 M
E) 0.298 M
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

41) Determine the [OH- ] concentration of a 0.741 M KOH solution at 25°C.

A) 1.34 x 10-13 M
B) 1.34 x 10-14 M
C) 0.741 M
D) 7.41 M
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

42) Determine the pH of a 0.188 M NH3 solution at 25°C. The K b of NH3 is 1.76 × 10-5.
A) 5.480
B) 2.740
C) 8.520
D) 11.260
E) 12.656
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

43) Determine the pOH of a 0.188 M NH3 solution at 25°C. The K b of NH3 is 1.76 × 10-5.
A) 5.480
B) 2.740
C) 8.520
D) 11.260
E) 12.656
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

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44) Determine the pH of a 0.227 M C 5H5N solution at 25°C. The K b of C5H5N is 1.7 × 10-9.
A) 4.59
B) 9.41
C) 4.71
D) 10.14
E) 9.29
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

45) Determine the pOH of a 0.227 M C 5H5N solution at 25°C. The K b of C5H5N is 1.7 × 10-9.
A) 4.59
B) 9.41
C) 4.71
D) 10.14
E) 9.29
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

46) List an ingredient that is in antacid.

A) Al(OH)3
B) Mg(OH)2
C) CaCO 3
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

47) Which one of the following will form a basic solution in water?
A) NaC2H3O 2
B) LiCN
C) KClO 2
D) LiBrO
E) All of the above will form basic solutions.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

48) Determine the K b for CN⁻ at 25°C. The K a for HCN is 4.9 × 10-10.
A) 4.9 × 10-14
B) 2.3 × 10-9
C) 1.4 × 10-5
D) 2.0 × 10-5
E) 3.7 × 10-7
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.8

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49) Determine the K a for CH3NH3⁺ at 25°C. The K b for CH3NH2 is 4.4 × 10-4.
A) 3.1 × 10-10
B) 6.8 × 10-11
C) 5.6 × 10-10
D) 2.3 × 10-3
E) 2.3 × 10-11
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.8

50) Determine the pH of a 0.62 M NH4NO 3 solution at 25°C. The K b for NH3 is 1.76 × 10-5.
A) 2.48
B) 9.27
C) 11.52
D) 4.73
E) 9.45
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.8

51) Determine the pH of a 0.22 M NaF solution at 25°C. The K a of HF is 3.5 × 10-5.
A) 10.20
B) 5.10
C) 8.90
D) 11.44
E) 2.56
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.8

52) In a triprotic acid, which K a has the highest value?

A) K a1
B) K a2
C) K a3
D) K b1
E) K b2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

53) Determine the pH of a 0.18 M H2CO 3 solution. Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid whose
Ka1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and K a2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 11.00
B) 10.44
C) 5.50
D) 4.31
E) 3.56
Answer: E
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

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54) Determine the pH of a solution that is 0.15 M HClO 2 (Ka = 1.1 x 10-2) and 0.15 M HClO
(Ka = 2.9 × 10-8).
A) 4.18
B) 9.82
C) 12.55
D) 1.39
E) 3.55
Answer: D
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

55) Determine the concentration of CO 32- ions in a 0.18 M H2CO 3 solution. Carbonic acid is a diprotic
acid whose K a1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and K a2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 2.8 × 10-4 M
B) 3.2 × 10-6 M
C) 5.6 × 10-11 M
D) 4.3 × 10-7 M
E) 6.9 × 10-8 M
Answer: C
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

56) Identify the strongest acid.

A) H2O
B) H2S
C) H2Se
D) H2Te
E) not enough information is available
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

57) Identify the weakest acid.

A) HF
B) HCl
C) HBr
D) HI
E) not enough information is available
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

58) Acid rain consists primarily of ________.

A) nitric and sulfuric acids
B) sulfuric acid
C) nitric acid
D) acetic acid
E) benzoic acid
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.12

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Algorithmic Questions

1) The stomach excretes ________ to kill microorganisms and to activate enzymes that break down
food.
A) CH3COOH
B) HF
C) LiHCO 3
D) HCl
E) HNO 3
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

2) Identify the acid that is in car batteries.

A) H2SO 4
B) HNO 3
C) H2CO3
D) CH3COOH
E) HCl
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

3) Identify the acid that is in vinegar.

A) H2SO 4
B) HNO 3
C) Na2CO3
D) CH3COOH
E) HF
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

4) Identify the base that is in baking soda.

A) RbOH
B) NaOH
C) NaHCO 3
D) Li2CO3
E) NH3
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

5) Identify the base that is in Drano.

A) KOH
B) NaOH
C) KHCO 3
D) Na2CO3
E) NH3
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.2

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6) When dissolved in water, which compound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid?
A) CH3CO2H
B) NaOH
C) Na2CO3
D) CH3CH2OH
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

7) Which of the following is an Arrhenius acid?

A) H2SO 4
B) LiOH
C) NH2CH3
D) CH3CCl3
E) More than one of these is an Arrhenius acid.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

8) Which of the following is an Arrhenius base?

A) CH3CO2H
B) LiOH
C) CH3OH
D) NaBr
E) More than one of these compounds is an Arrhenius base.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

9) Which Br∅nsted-Lowry acid is not considered to be a strong acid in water?

A) HI
B) HBr
C) H2SO 3
D) H NO 3
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.3

10) Which of the following is a Br∅nsted-Lowry acid?

A) NH4+
B) CCl4
C) NH2-
D) NH3
E) Br2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

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11) Which of the following is a Br∅nsted-Lowry base?
A) CBr4
B) HCN
C) NH3
D) Cl2
E) None of the above are Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

12) Identify the diprotic acid.

A) HNO 3
B) HI
C) CH3COOH
D) H2SO 4
E) HBrO 4
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

13) Identify the triprotic acid.

A) HNO 3
B) H3PO 4
C) H2CO3
D) HFO 4
E) H2SO 4
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

14) Which of the following is a STRONG acid?

A) C6H5CO 2H
B) HCN
C) HClO 4
D) NH4+
E) H2O
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

15) Which of the following is a WEAK acid?

A) HClO 4
B) H2SO 4
C) HBr
D) HCN
E) HNO 3
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

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16) How many of the following are WEAK acids?

HNO 2 HF HNO 3 H2PO4⁻

A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) 2
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

17) Identify the food that is NOT acidic.

A) beer
B) apple
C) egg white
D) soda
E) wine
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.5

18) Calculate the pOH of a solution that contains 3.9 x 10 -5 M H3O⁺ at 25°C.
A) 5.41
B) 4.41
C) 9.59
D) 8.59
E) 0.59
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

19) Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 3.9 x 10 -5 M H3O⁺ at 25°C.

A) 5.41
B) 4.41
C) 9.59
D) 8.59
E) 0.59
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

20) Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 2.4 × 10 -5 M H3O⁺ at 25°C.

A) 2.40
B) 9.38
C) 4.62
D) 8.38
E) 5.62
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

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21) Calculate the pOH of a solution that contains 2.4 × 10 -5 M H3O⁺ at 25°C.
A) 2.40
B) 9.38
C) 4.62
D) 8.38
E) 5.62
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

22) Calculate the pOH in an aqueous solution with a pH of 7.85 at 25°C.

A) 4.15
B) 5.15
C) 6.15
D) 7.15
E) 8.15
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.5

23) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 2.50 × 10 -6 M in
hydroxide ion.
A) 4.00 × 10-7 M
B) 4.00 × 10-8 M
C) 4.00 × 10-9 M
D) 5.00 × 10-9 M
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

24) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 3.50 × 10-4 M in
hydronium ion.
A) 2.86 × 10-3 M
B) 2.86 × 10-10 M
C) 2.86 × 10-11 M
D) 3.50 × 10-11 M
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

25) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.25 × 10 -6 M is ________ and has a hydroxide ion
concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 3.08 × 10-8 M
B) acidic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
C) basic, 3.08 × 10-8 M
D) basic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

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26) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.15 × 10 -6 M is ________ and has a hydrogen ion
concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
B) acidic, 2.41 × 10-9 M
C) basic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
D) basic, 2.41 × 10-9 M
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

27) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains 2.15 × 10 -3 M hydronium ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-12 M
B) 2.15 × 10-3 M
C) 2.67
D) 11.33
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

28) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains 2.15 × 10 -4 M hydroxide ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-11
B) 2.15 × 10-4
C) 3.67
D) 10.33
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

29) What is the hydroxide ion concentration and the pH for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a
hydronium ion concentration of 1.50 × 10-2 M?
A) 6.67 × 10-12 M, 2.82
B) 6.67 × 10-12 M, 11.18
C) 6.67 × 10-13 M, 1.82
D) 6.67 × 10-13 M, 12.17
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

30) What is the hydronium ion concentration and the pH for an aqueous solution of NH3 that has a
hydroxide ion concentration of 2.25 × 10-2 M?
A) 4.44 × 10-12 M and 2.65
B) 4.44 × 10-12 M and 11.35
C) 4.44 × 10-13 M and 1.65
D) 4.44 × 10-13 M and 12.35
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

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31) What is the hydronium ion concentration of an acid rain sample that has a pH of 3.45?
A) 2.82 × 10-11 M
B) 3.55 × 10-4 M
C) 3.45 M
D) 10.55 M
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

32) What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a pH of 9.20?
A) 6.31 × 10-10 M
B) 1.58 × 10-5 M
C) 4.80 M
D) 9.20 M
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

33) What is the pH of a 0.020 M HClO 4 solution?

A) 0.020
B) 0.040
C) 1.70
D) 12.30
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

34) An aqueous solution at 25.0°C contains [H+] = 0.099 M. What is the pH of the solution?
A) 1.00
B) -1.00
C) 13.0
D) 0.0990
E) 1.00 ×
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

35) The pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0°C is 10.66. What is the molarity of H+ in this solution?
A) 2.2 × 10-11
B) 4.6 × 10-4
C) 3.3
D) 1.1 × 10-13
E) 4.6 × 1010
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

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36) Calculate the molarity of hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution that has a pOH of 5.00.
A) 1.0 × 10-5
B) 9.00
C) 1.0 × 10-9
D) 5.0 ×
E) 9.0 × 10-14
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.5

37) Which of the following acids is the STRONGEST? The acid is followed by its K a value.
A) HF, 3.5 × 10-4
B) HCN, 4.9 × 10-10
C) HNO 2, 4.6 × 10-4
D) H COOH, 1.8 × 10-4
E) HClO 2, 1.1 × 10-2
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.6

38) Which of the following acids is the WEAKEST? The acid is followed by its K a value.
A) HF, 3.5 × 10-4
B) HCN, 4.9 × 10-10
C) HNO 2, 4.6 × 10-4
D) H COOH, 1.8 × 10-4
E) HClO 2, 1.1 × 10-2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.6

39) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.500 M acetic acid solution with Ka = 1.8 × 10-5?
The equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is:

CH3CO 2H(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3CO2- (aq).

A) 3.0 × 10-2 M
B) 4.2 × 10-2 M
C) 3.0 × 10-3 M
D) 4.2 × 10-3 M
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

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40) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.150 M hypochlorous acid solution with
Ka = 3.5 × 10-8? The equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid is:
HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OCl- (aq).
A) 1.9 × 10-4 M
B) 7.2 × 10-4 M
C) 2.8 × 10-5 M
D) 7.2 × 10-5 M
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

41) The acid-dissociation constant at 25.0°C for hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 3.0 × 10-8. At
equilibrium, the molarity of H3O+ in a 0.010 M solution of HClO is ________.
A) 1.7 × 10-5
B) 0.010
C) 5.8 × 10-10
D) 4.76
E) 2.00
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

42) Calculate the pH of a 0.800 M NaCH3CO2 solution. Ka for acetic acid, CH3CO 2H, is 1.8 × 10-5.
A) 2.42
B) 4.68
C) 9.32
D) 11.58
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

43) Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M KBrO solution. Ka for hypobromous acid, HBrO, is 2.0 × 10-9.
A) 2.55
B) 4.25
C) 9.75
D) 11.45
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.6

44) Which of the following is a STRONG base?

A) I-
B) NH3
C) CH3OH
D) NO 3⁻
E) LiOH
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.7

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45) Which of the following is a WEAK base?
A) NH(CH3)2
B) N 2
C) NaOH
D) CH2CI2
E) None of the above are weak bases.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.7

46) Determine the [OH⁻] concentration in a 0.235 M NaOH solution.

A) 4.25 × 10-14 M
B) 0.470 M
C) 2.13 × 10-14 M
D) 0.118 M
E) 0.235 M
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

47) Determine the pH of a 0.741 M LiOH solution at 25°C.

A) 0.130
B) 13.87
C) 0.741
D) 13.26
E) 1.48
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

48) Determine the pOH of a 0.741 M LiOH solution at 25°C.

A) 0.130
B) 13.87
C) 0.741
D) 13.26
E) 1.48
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

49) Determine the pH of a 0.232 M Mg(OH)2 solution at 25°C.

A) 12.73
B) 13.37
C) 13.67
D) 0.333
E) 0.634
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

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50) Determine the pOH of a 0.348 M Ba(OH)2 solution at 25°C.
A) 13.08
B) 13.54
C) 13.84
D) 0.157
E) 0.458
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

51) Determine the [OH- ] concentration of a 0.123 M Sr(OH)2 solution at 25°C.

A) 4.06 x 10-14 M
B) 0.123 M
C) 0.246 M
D) 8.13 x 10-14 M
E) 0.0615 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15.7

52) A 7.0 × 10-3 M aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2 at 25.0°C has a pH of ________.

A) 12.15
B) 1.85
C) 1.4 × 10-2
D) 7.1 × 10-13
E) 11.85
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

53) What is the pH of a 0.040 M Ba(OH)2 solution?

A) 1.10
B) 1.40
C) 12.60
D) 12.90
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

54) What is the pH of a 0.100 M NH3 solution that has Kb = 1.8 × 10-5? The equation for the
dissociation of NH3 is
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq).
A) 1.87
B) 2.87
C) 11.13
D) 10.13
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

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55) What is the pH of a 0.30 M pyridine solution that has K b = 1.9 × 10-9? The equation for the
dissociation of pyridine is
C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ C5H5NH+(aq) + OH- (aq).
A) 4.62
B) 8.72
C) 9.38
D) 10.38
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

56) Determine the ammonia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a pH of 11.00. The equation
for the dissociation of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 × 10-5) is
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq).
A) 3.0 M
B) 0.056 M
C) 1.8 × 10-2 M
D) 1.0 × 10-3 M
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15.7

57) The acid-dissociation constant of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) at 25.0°C is 4.9 × 10-10. What is the pH
of an aqueous solution of 0.080 M sodium cyanide (NaCN)?
A) 11.11
B) 2.89
C) 1.3 × 10-3
D) 7.8 × 10-12
E) 3.9 × 10-11
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 15.7

58) Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M CH3NH3Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH3NH2, is 3.7 × 10-4.
A) 1.61
B) 5.18
C) 8.82
D) 12.39
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.7

59) The base-dissociation constant of ethylamine (C2H5NH2) is 6.4 × 10-4 at 25.0°C. The [H+] in a
1.6 × 10-2 M solution of ethylamine is ________ M.
A) 3.5 × 10-12
B) 2.9 × 10-3
C) 3.1 × 10-12
D) 3.2 × 10-3
E) 11.46
Answer: C
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.7
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60) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with the highest
pH?
A) KHCO 3
B) CsClO 4
C) RaO
D) CH3CH3NH3Cl
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

61) If an equal number of moles of the weak acid HCN and the strong base KOH are added to water, is
the resulting solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
D) There is insufficient information provided to answer this question.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

62) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with the highest
pH?
A) RbI
B) RbBr
C) RbCl
D) RbF
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

63) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with a pH closest
to 7.00?
A) NH4Br
B) Ca O
C) K HSO 4
D) CsI
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

64) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with the lowest
pH?
A) NaCl
B) KCl
C) MgCl2
D) AlCl3
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

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65) Which one of the following will form an acidic solution in water?
A) NH4Cl
B) KF
C) KI
D) KNO 3
E) None of the above solutions will be acidic.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.8

66) Which of the following is a polyprotic acid?

A) HI
B) H2SO 4
C) HCN
D) CCl4
E) HC2H3O 2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

67) Which of the following is a triprotic acid?

A) HI
B) H2SO 4
C) H3PO 4
D) CCl4
E) HC2H3O 2
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

68) Calculate the pH of a 0.080 M carbonic acid solution, H2CO 3(aq), that has the stepwise dissociation
constants Ka1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and Ka2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 1.10
B) 3.73
C) 6.37
D) 10.25
Answer: B
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

69) Calculate the pH of a 0.60 M H2SO 3, solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
Ka1 = 1.5 × 10-2 and Ka2 = 6.3 × 10-8.
A) 1.02
B) 1.06
C) 1.82
D) 2.04
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

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70) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion, HCO 3- , in a 0.010 M H2CO3 solution that has the
stepwise dissociation constants Ka1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and Ka2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 6.6 × 10-5 M
B) 4.3 × 10-7 M
C) 4.3 × 10-9 M
D) 5.6 × 10-11 M
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

71) What is the pH of a 0.40 M H2Se solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
Ka1 = 1.3 × 10-4 and Ka2 = 1.0 × 10-11?
A) 2.14
B) 3.89
C) 4.28
D) 5.57
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

72) What is the selenide ion concentration [Se2- ] for a 0.100 M H2Se solution that has the stepwise
dissociation constants of Ka1 = 1.3 × 10-4 and Ka2 = 1.0 × 10-11?
A) 3.6 × 10-3 M
B) 1.3 × 10-4 M
C) 1.3 × 10-5 M
D) 1.0 × 10-11 M
Answer: D
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15.9

73) Identify the strongest acid.

A) HFO 4
B) HFO 3
C) HFO 2
D) HFO
E) Not enough information is given.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.10

74) Which of the following is a Lewis acid?

A) BBr3
B) CCl4
C) NH3
D) CHBr3
E) None of the above are Lewis acids.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.11

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75) Which of the following is a Lewis base?
A) AlF3
B) H2O
C) SiF4
D) C5H12
E) None of the above are Lewis bases.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.11

76) List the compound in marble that is destroyed by acid rain.

A) NH4OH
B) NaHCO 3
C) CaCO 3
D) KOH
E) LiOH
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.12

Matching Questions

Match the following.

A) produces protons in aqueous solution

B) electron pair donor
C) proton acceptor
D) proton donor
E) produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
F) electron pair acceptor

1) Arrhenius acid
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

2) Arrhenius base
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

3) Brønsted-Lowry acid
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

4) Brønsted-Lowry base
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

5) Lewis acid
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.11

6) Lewis base
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.11

Answers: 1) A 2) E 3) D 4) C 5) F 6) B

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Short Answer Questions

1) What does the term amphoteric mean?

Answer: A substance is amphoteric if it can behave as an acid or a base, depending on the environment.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.3

2) What is the difference between a strong and weak acid?

Answer: A strong acid ionizes/dissociates completely into H+ and an anion, whereas a weak acid only
ionizes/dissociates to a small extent to form H+ and an anion.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.4

3) What is the autoionization of water?

Answer: Autoionization of water is the equilibrium process where one water molecule will transfer its
proton to another. This forms hydroxide ions and hydronium ions in equal numbers in solution. This
autoionization process of water is what allows us to relate hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations
in aqueous solutions of acids and bases.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.5

4) Do both protons ionize instantaneously from a diprotic acid such as H2CO3? Explain your answer.
Answer: No. Polyprotic acids ionize in stages. A small portion of the first protons ionize (according to
Ka1), followed by the second proton ionization (according to K a2). The second proton can only be lost
from the small number of acid molecules that have already lost their first ionizable hydrogen.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.9

5) Describe the relationship between molecular structure and acid strength.

Answer:
1) The stronger the bond between a hydrogen atom and its neighbor, the weaker the acid (the less
ionization that will occur)
2) The more electron withdrawing atoms near the hydrogen atom, the weaker the bond to the hydrogen
and the stronger the acid will be (more ionization will occur).
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.10

6) Describe a molecule that can be a Lewis acid.

Answer: A molecule with an incomplete octet can serve as a Lewis acid.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.11

7) List the major source of energy in the United States.

Answer: fossil fuel
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.12

8) List the compound that is formed from the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
Answer: carbonic acid, H2CO3
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15.12

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