Engineering Mathematics I Tutorial 4
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Sketchily SebenteEngineering Mathematics I Tutorial 4
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Sketchily SebenteCommon questions
Powered by AITo maximize profit, let the charge per room be \( p = 40 + x \), where \( 2x \) rooms remain vacant. The profit function \( P(x) = (80 - 2x)(p - 10) - 2x \cdot 2 \). Simplifying, \( P(x) = 70x + 3200 - 2x^2 \). Differentiate \( P(x) \), find \( x \) by setting the derivative zero, and solving gives the optimal \( x \). Substitute back to find the optimal charge \( p \)
The rate of change of water depth in the cone-shaped tank relates to the volume flow rate through the relationship between volume and depth in a cone. Given the tank's top radius of 10m and depth of 8m, the volume \( V \) as a function of the depth \( h \) can be expressed using similar triangles as \( V = \frac{1}{3} \pi (\frac{10}{8}h)^2 h = \frac{25\pi}{48} h^3 \). Differentiating with respect to time \( t \), \( \frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{25\pi}{16} h^2 \frac{dh}{dt} \). Given \( \frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{1}{10} \), solve for \( \frac{dh}{dt} \) when \( h = 4 \)
To evaluate \( \lim_{x \to \infty} (x - \sqrt{x^2 + x}) \), rewrite the expression as \( x - x \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{x}} \). For large x, apply the Taylor expansion \( \sqrt{1 + u} \approx 1 + \frac{u}{2} \) for small u. Here, \( u = \frac{1}{x} \), so the expression becomes \( x - x(1 + \frac{1}{2x}) = x - x - \frac{1}{2} = -\frac{1}{2} \). Therefore, the limit is \( -\frac{1}{2} \)
To minimize traveling time from the desert point 12km south to a road point, then to a point 10km east on the road, use the relation that total time \( T = \frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 144}}{15} + \frac{10-x}{39} \), where \( x \) is the east-west position on the road where the dune buggy reaches. Differentiate \( T(x) \) regarding \( x \), set the derivative to zero, and solve for \( x \) to find the optimal point minimizing time.
Maximum area of an isosceles triangle with equal sides of length 10 occurs when the vertex angle is 90°, forming a right triangle. Using the formula for an area of a triangle, \( A = \frac{1}{2}ab \sin(C) \), maximum when \( \sin(90°) = 1 \). The area becomes \( \frac{1}{2} \times 10 \times 10 \times 1 = 50 \)
For aircraft traveling west and north, use the Pythagorean theorem: \( s = \sqrt{(144 - 200t)^2 + (60 + 150t)^2} \). Differentiate \( s \) with respect to \( t \) to find \( \frac{ds}{dt} \). Solve at \( t = 0 \) to find the rate of change of the distance. Calculations involve \( \frac{ds}{dt} = \frac{1}{s}(200(144-200t)+150(60+150t)) \). Evaluate at \( t = 0 \), yielding \( \frac{ds}{dt} = \ldots \)
To maximize the product of two numbers, \( x \) and \( y \), with a fixed sum \( x + y = 7 \), express the product as \( xy \) and substitute \( y = 7 - x \). Then \( xy = x(7-x) = 7x - x^2 \). Complete the square or use calculus to find maximum at \( x = \frac{7}{2} \), giving a product \( \frac{49}{4} \)
To maximize the area of a rectangle inscribed in an ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 \), express the area as \( A = 4xy \). Using the ellipse equation, express \( y = \frac{b}{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2} \). Substitute \( y \) in \( A = 4x \frac{b}{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2} \), then find the derivative and set to zero to find critical points. Solving gives \( x = \pm \frac{a}{\sqrt{2}} \), yielding a maximum area of \( 2ab \)
Minimize total area by letting \( x \) and \( y \) be dimensions of printed area \( xy = 100 \). The total area includes margins, \( (x+8)(y+4) \). Substitute \( y = \frac{100}{x} \), rewrite the total area formula, differentiate to find points where the derivative is zero for dimension \( x \), then solve for \( x \) and \( y \). Analyze geometry for context.
The rate of change of the circle's radius \( \frac{dr}{dt} \) when its area is decreasing at 2 cm²/min and its area is 100 cm² involves the relationship \( A = \pi r^2 \). Differentiating with respect to time, \( \frac{dA}{dt} = 2\pi r \frac{dr}{dt} \). Solving for \( \frac{dr}{dt} \) when \( A = 100 \) (i.e., \( r = \sqrt{\frac{100}{\pi}} \)) and \( \frac{dA}{dt} = -2 \), yields \( \frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{-1}{2\pi \sqrt{\frac{100}{\pi}}} \)