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Atomic Structure and Ion Properties

This document contains a 10 question chemistry test on atomic theory and structure with multiple choice answers and accompanying standards. It provides the test questions, multiple choice answers, explanations of the correct answers, and scoring rubrics. The questions cover topics like the subatomic particles that make up different isotopes and ions, using the periodic table to identify atomic properties, and the location and properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
66 views23 pages

Atomic Structure and Ion Properties

This document contains a 10 question chemistry test on atomic theory and structure with multiple choice answers and accompanying standards. It provides the test questions, multiple choice answers, explanations of the correct answers, and scoring rubrics. The questions cover topics like the subatomic particles that make up different isotopes and ions, using the periodic table to identify atomic properties, and the location and properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Uploaded by

Yassue Official
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Print Test Page 1 of 23

*** ANSWER KEY ***


Student Name:  Grade: 09

Test Name: November Chemistry for All: Unit 1 - Atomic Theory Version: 1  

  1.
List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the ion 79 35 Br-1 .
 
(a) 35 protons, 44 neutrons, 36 electrons
(b) 35 protons, 79 neutrons, 34 electrons
(c) 35 protons, 44 neutrons, 35 electrons
(d) 79 protons, 35 neutrons, 36 electrons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
C4.10A List the number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons for any given ion or isotope.

  2.
Give the number of electrons and protons present in the O2- ion.
 
(a) 8 electrons, 8 protons
(b) 6 electrons, 8 protons
(c) 10 electrons, 8 protons
(d) 8 electrons, 10 protons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-D
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8D Give the number of electrons and protons present if
the fluoride ion has a -1 charge.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 2 of 23

  3. Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes: C-12, C-13, and C-14.

Insert the correct number of sub-atomic particles for each in the table below.

  C-12 C-13 C-14


Number of protons      
Number of electrons      
Number of neutrons      
 
 
Explanation:
  Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14
Number of protons 6 6 6
  Number of
6 6 6
electrons
Number of neutrons 6 7 8

Rubric:
  1 point for each correct value.

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
C4.10A List the number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons for any given ion or isotope.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 3 of 23

  4. Using a periodic table, fill in the missing values in the table below. Be sure to
show the charge for any ion.
 
Element/Ion Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons
Number Number
7Li          
  56 137     56
      20 20 18
19F-          
 
 
Explanation:
 
Element/Ion Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons
Number Number
7
Li 3 7 3 4 3
 
137 56 137 56 83 56
Ba
40 20 40 20 20 18
Ca+2
19 - 9 19 9 10 10
F

Rubric:
  1 point for each correct value.

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
C4.10A List the number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons for any given ion or isotope.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 4 of 23

  5.
Hydrogen has three isotopes: protium (1H), deuterium (2H) and tritium ( 3H).
Which of the following is true?
 
(a) They have the same number of neutrons.
(b) They have the same number of protons.
(c) They have the same mass number.
(d) They have a different atomic number.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
C4.10B Recognize that an element always contains the
same number of protons.

  6. All fluorine isotopes and ions contain the same number of which sub-atomic
particle?
 
(a) protons
(b) neutrons
(c) electrons
(d) photons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
C4.10B Recognize that an element always contains the
same number of protons.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 5 of 23

  7. The atomic number can be used to determine the number of which two sub-
atomic particles in a neutral atom?
 
(a) protons, electrons
(b) neutrons, protons
(c) neutrons, electrons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-D
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8D Give the number of electrons and protons present if
the fluoride ion has a -1 charge.

  8. Identify the location, relative mass and charge of the neutron.
 
(a) nucleus, 1amu, positive
(b) outside of the nucleus, 1amu, neutral
(c) nucleus, 1amu, neutral
(d) outside of nucleus, less than 1amu, negative
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 6 of 23

  9. The nucleus of the atom is composed of which sub-atomic particles?


 
(a) protons and electrons
(b) protons and neutrons
(c) neutrons only
(d) protons only
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

  10. Where can the electrons of an atom be found?


 
(a) in the nucleus
(b) occupying the same space as neutrons
(c) in orbital shells
(d) throughout the entire atom
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 7 of 23

  11. Which sub-atomic particles have the same relative mass?


 
(a) protons and neutrons
(b) protons and electrons
(c) neutrons and electrons
(d) none have the same relative mass
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 8 of 23

  12. Draw a Bohr model of a neutral aluminum atom. Be sure to label the protons,
electrons, and neutrons with their respective charges.
 
 
Explanation:
Protons Labeled
Electrons Labeled
Neutrons Labeled

Rubric:
2 points location of protons and neutrons
 
2 points number of protons and neutrons
3 points for location of electrons in proper shells
3 points number of electrons in each shell

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 9 of 23

  13. Which of the following best describes why most of the alpha particles passed
straight through the gold foil.

Use the following diagram representing Rutherford’s Gold Foil experiment to


answer the question.  The circles represent the gold atoms and the arrows
represent the path of the alpha particles.

 
(a) alpha particles are repelled by electrons
(b) the atom is mostly empty space
(c) the nucleus has an overall positive charge
(d) alpha particles have no electrons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8B Describe the atom as mostly empty space with an
extremely small, dense nucleus consisting of the protons
and neutrons and an electron cloud surrounding the
nucleus.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 10 of 23

  14. In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, alpha particles occasionally display a


backward deflection.

What is the cause of this?

Use the following diagram representing Rutherford’s gold foil experiment to


answer the question.  The circles represent the gold atoms and the arrows
represent the path of the alpha particles.

 
(a) They are attracted to electrons
(b) They are attracted to protons
(c) They are repelled by protons
(d) They are repelled by neutrons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8B Describe the atom as mostly empty space with an
extremely small, dense nucleus consisting of the protons
and neutrons and an electron cloud surrounding the
nucleus.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 11 of 23

  15. According to atomic theory, electrons can be found in which location?


 
(a) Inside the nucleus.
(b) On the surface of the nucleus.
(c) Outside of the nucleus in a large cloud.
(d) Throughout the entire atom.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8B Describe the atom as mostly empty space with an
extremely small, dense nucleus consisting of the protons
and neutrons and an electron cloud surrounding the
nucleus.

  16. Which of the following four fundamental forces of the universe acts to keep
protons inside of the nucleus?
 
(a) Gravity
(b) Electromagnetism
(c) The strong force
(d) The weak force
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-C
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8C Recognize that protons repel each other and that a
strong force needs to be present to keep the nucleus
intact.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 12 of 23

  17. Which of the following subatomic particles repel each other?


 
(a) protons repel neutrons
(b) protons repel electrons
(c) protons repel protons
(d) electrons repel neutrons
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-8-C
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.8 Atomic Structure
C4.8C Recognize that protons repel each other and that a
strong force needs to be present to keep the nucleus
intact.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 13 of 23

  18. Use a ruler and a pencil to locate the position of each of the following isotopes
on the graph.

102 Rh
45
209 Bi
83

 
 
 
Explanation:

Rubric:
1 point for the correct number of neutrons
 
1 point for the correct number of protons

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C1-1-g
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C1: INQUIRY, REFLECTION, AND SOCIAL
  IMPLICATIONS
Topic C1.1 Scientific Inquiry
C1.1g Based on empirical evidence, explain and critique
the reasoning used to draw a scientific conclusion or
explanation.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 14 of 23

  19. What is the relationship between the number of protons and neutrons in regard
to the element's stability?

 
(a) The stable elements have equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
(b) The stable elements have more protons than neutrons.
(c) The stable elements have more neutrons than protons.
(d) The stable elements have more protons and neutrons.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C1-1-g
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C1: INQUIRY, REFLECTION, AND SOCIAL
  IMPLICATIONS
Topic C1.1 Scientific Inquiry
C1.1g Based on empirical evidence, explain and critique
the reasoning used to draw a scientific conclusion or
explanation.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 15 of 23

  20. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5715 years. A fossilized bone has been discovered
that contains 1/16th as much carbon-14 as a living bone sample. How old is the
sample?
 
(a) The sample is 5,715 years old.
(b) The sample is 11,430 years old.
(c) The sample is 17,145 years old.
(d) The sample is 22,860 years old.
 
Explanation:
  (d)  

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C2-5x-a
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C2: FORMS OF ENERGY
Topic C2.5x Nuclear Stability
C2.5a Determine the age of materials using the ratio of
stable and unstable isotopes of a particular type.

  21. The mass of the products from the fission of uranium-235 is less than 235
amu.  What is the explanation for this difference?
 
(a) Some of the matter is converted to energy.
(b) Some of the matter is destroyed.
(c) There is a rounding error in the masses.
(d) Some of the energy is converted to matter.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C3-5x-a
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C3: ENERGY TRANSFER AND CONSERVATION
Topic C3.5x Mass Defect
C3.5a Explain why matter is not conserved in nuclear
reactions.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 16 of 23

  22. The element Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes.  One has a mass of 


35 amu and the other 37 amu. Write the chemical symbol for each isotope
showing the proper atomic number and mass number.
 
 
Rubric:
  1 point for each chemical symbol, mass number and atomic number.

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-10x-e
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.10x Average Atomic Mass
C4.10e Write the symbol for an isotope, [superscript A
over subscript Z preceding X], where Z is the atomic
number, A is the mass number, and X is the symbol for the
element.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 17 of 23

  23. Solid sodium chloride will dissolve in water to yield


a sodium ion and a chlorine ion as shown in the
following equation.
 
NaCl(s)  =   Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
 
 
Draw a Bohr model of each ion showing the proper
number electrons in each atom.
  
 
 
Explanation:

Rubric:
  3 points for the proper number of electrons in each ion.

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-2-C
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.2 Chemical Changes
C5.2C Draw pictures to distinguish the relationships
between atoms in physical and chemical changes.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 18 of 23

  24. A student determines the that density of 4 standard sugar solutions (10%, 20%,
30% and 40%) and a solution of water only (0% sugar).  The data is plotted on
the following graph.  The student is then asked to find the % sugar
concentration in an unknown solution.  The unknown solution has a volume of
50.0 mL and a mass of 52.5 grams.  What would the approximate % sugar be
in the unknown solution?  
 

Show your work.


 
 
Explanation:
Show your work. Answer: Density = Mass/Volume 52.5 g / 50.0 mL=
  1.05 g/mL The student then uses the graph to determine the percent
concentration of sugar. Answer= Approximately 17% (+ or – 1%)

Rubric:
2 points for the correct density calculation.
 
2 points for the correct graphical extrapolation.

Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-7x-b
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.7x Solutions
C4.7b Compare the density of pure water to that of a
sugar solution.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 19 of 23

  25.

Refer to Figure 1 above.  As the temperature of liquid water decreases from 
10°C to 0°C, what happens to its density?
 
(a) increases only.
(b) decreases only.
(c) decreases, then increases.
(d) increases, then decreaes.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-3-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.3 Properties of Substances
C4.3B Recognize that solids have a more ordered, regular
arrangement of their particles than liquids and that liquids
are more ordered than gases.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 20 of 23

  26.

A student claimed that "If the masses of 1 cm 3 of any solid and 1 cm3 of any
liquid are compared, the mass of the solid will be greater. Does the data in
Table 1 support this claim?
 
(a) No, lead has a higher density than any of the liquids listed.
(b) No, mercury has a higher density than any of the solids listed.
(c) Yes, lead has a higher density than any of the liquids listed.
(d) Yes, mercury has a higher density than any of the solids listed.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-3-B
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.3 Properties of Substances
C4.3B Recognize that solids have a more ordered, regular
arrangement of their particles than liquids and that liquids
are more ordered than gases.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 21 of 23

  27.

Which of the following hypotheses about the relationship between the


temperature and the density of a solid is best support by the data in Figure 2?
 
(a) As the temperature of a solid increases, the density of the solid increases
only.
(b) As the temperature of a solid increases, the density of the solid decreases
only.
(c) As the temperature of a solid increases, the density of the solid increases,
then decreases.
(d) As the temperature of a solid increases, the density of the solid decreases,
then increases.
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-3-A
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 
Topic C4.3 Properties of Substances
C4.3A Recognize that substances that are solid at room
temperature have stronger attractive forces than liquids at
room temperature, which have stronger attractive forces
than gases at room temperature.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 22 of 23

  28.

Equal amounts of ethyl ether, mercury, and water (density = 0.9971 g/cm3) are 
poured into a single beaker. Three distinct layers of liquid form in the beaker.
Based on the data in Table 1, which of the following diagrams would look
most like the liquids in the beaker?
 
(a) Ethyl ether
Water
Mercury
(b) Ethyl ether
Mercury        
Water
(c) Mercury
Water
Ethyl ether
(d) Water
Ethyl ether
Mercury
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C4-7x-b
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
  STANDARD C4: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Topic C4.7x Solutions
C4.7b Compare the density of pure water to that of a
sugar solution.

[Link] 2/24/2010
Print Test Page 23 of 23

  29.

According to Figure 1, 100 g of water at 4°C would exactly fill a container


having which of the following volumes?
 
(a) 1 cm3
(b) 10 cm3
(c) 100 cm3
(d) 1,000 cm3
 
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C1-1-g
MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry
09-12
STANDARD C1: INQUIRY, REFLECTION, AND SOCIAL
  IMPLICATIONS
Topic C1.1 Scientific Inquiry
C1.1g Based on empirical evidence, explain and critique
the reasoning used to draw a scientific conclusion or
explanation.

[Link] 2/24/2010

Common questions

Powered by AI

Alpha particles deflect backwards due to collision with the dense, positively charged nucleus when passing close enough during Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment. This back scattering reveals the high concentration of mass and positive charge in the nucleus, contrary to the previous plum pudding model of a diffused atomic structure. It underscores the nucleus's size relative to the atom's volume .

The Bohr model introduces quantized electron orbits, explaining atomic emission spectra and the concept of energy levels. Although simplified, it provides insights into electron arrangement, helping to predict chemical behavior and bonding by detailing how electrons fill these orbits. This model underpins more advanced quantum descriptions of atom electron configurations .

Subatomic particles within an atom are governed by fundamental forces: the electromagnetic force causes protons to repel each other due to like charges and attracts electrons to protons, while the strong nuclear force acts to keep protons and neutrons together despite electromagnetic repulsion. These forces maintain atomic stability by balancing repulsion and attraction within the nucleus and between electrons and the nucleus .

Isotopic ratios, such as the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12, are used in radiometric dating to determine the age of materials because radioactive isotopes decay at constant rates. By measuring the remaining fraction of the isotopic composition, scientists can calculate the time elapsed since formation, using known half-lives, offering insights into historical and geological timelines .

Nuclear stability is largely influenced by the neutron-to-proton ratio, with optimal ratios varying by element. A stable nucleus typically requires a balance that allows the strong force to offset the repulsion between protons. Too few or too many neutrons can lead to instability, causing isotopes to be radioactive. This balance allows isotopes like Carbon-12 to be stable, while Carbon-14 is radioactive .

The atomic number, equal to the number of protons, determines an element's chemical identity because it defines the element's place in the periodic table and its basic properties. Since all atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons, this number is fundamental to identifying the element and distinguishes it from other elements .

Isotopes of hydrogen—protium, deuterium, and tritium—differ in neutron count where protium has none, deuterium has one, and tritium has two. This results in different mass numbers and nuclear stability among the isotopes. These variations can influence the isotopes' physical and chemical properties, especially in reactions involving the nucleus, such as nuclear fusion .

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment demonstrates that the atom is mostly empty space with an extremely small, dense nucleus that contains most of the atom's mass and has a positive charge due to protons. The experiment showed that most alpha particles passed through the foil, indicating empty space, while a few were deflected backward, indicating a small, dense, positively charged nucleus .

The ordered arrangement in solids results in definite shapes and volumes, with particles tightly packed, while liquids have less ordering, allowing fluidity with a defined volume but no fixed shape. In gases, particles are least ordered, moving freely, leading to no fixed shape or volume. These arrangements dictate density, compressibility, and flow properties .

The electron cloud represents space around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. It plays a critical role in chemical bonding and interactions, as it determines the atom's size and shape and its reactive properties. The electron cloud allows for the calculation of electron probability densities, which are crucial for understanding molecular structures and reactions .

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